Laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device and method, belonging to the field of additive manufacturing. It includes a laser output connection system, a laser light splitting and combining system, a laser merging device, a laser focusing device, a nozzle device and a wire feeding device. The advantages are novel structure, solving the problem of coaxiality between laser and wire, improving the accuracy of laser cladding, realizing automatic adjustment through optical sensors and mechanical mechanisms, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of each adjustment, integrating the pulsed laser and continuous laser output by the laser output connection system with a right-angle reflector and a polarization beam splitter into a beam of light, meeting the complex and demanding requirements of additive manufacturing, and can be widely promoted in fields such as laser cladding additive manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and in particular relates to a laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device and method. Background Art

[0002] In modern manufacturing, improving material surface properties is crucial for extending component life and reducing costs. Laser cladding technology, as an advanced surface modification method, has attracted considerable attention in recent years. It uses a high-energy laser beam to rapidly melt the cladding material and the substrate surface, forming a metallurgical bond, effectively improving the material's surface properties, including wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance. Within laser cladding technology, the wire feeding method significantly impacts cladding quality. Off-axis wire feeding is a common method, offering a relatively simple system structure and low cost. However, this method aligns the wire feed direction with the laser beam, resulting in uneven wire absorption by the molten pool during the cladding process. Ensuring uniformity and consistency in the cladding layer is particularly challenging when cladding complex workpieces, severely limiting its application in the repair and manufacture of high-precision, complex components. In contrast, laser cladding equipment with coaxial wire feeding theoretically overcomes these challenges, ensuring uniform wire penetration into the molten pool from all directions. However, existing coaxial wire feeding cladding equipment still has some shortcomings, requiring further improvement and innovation.

[0003] In the laser cladding process, the stability and accuracy of the optical path crucially impact cladding quality. Current laser cladding equipment faces numerous challenges in optical path control. Traditional laser cladding equipment often relies on manual adjustment or pre-set fixed parameters. Manual adjustment relies entirely on the operator's expertise and experience, resulting in significant variability between operators and ensuring accurate and consistent adjustments. Furthermore, in actual production, complex working environment factors (such as large temperature fluctuations in the workshop and vibrations caused by large equipment) as well as long-term wear and tear on the equipment itself inevitably cause optical path deviation. For example, the high heat generated by the laser generator over extended periods of operation can cause subtle deformation in components such as optical lenses, thereby altering the optical path. Relying solely on pre-set fixed parameters for adjustment is unable to adapt to these dynamic changes. Once the optical path deviates, the laser energy distribution across the cladding area becomes uneven. This can result in inconsistent cladding layer thickness, localized over-melting or lack of fusion, severely impacting cladding layer quality, reducing product performance and reliability, and even leading to product scrap and increased production costs. Therefore, developing a technology that can automatically and accurately adjust the optical path in real time is of great practical significance for improving the performance of laser cladding equipment and ensuring the stability of cladding quality.

[0004] Meanwhile, traditional laser cladding equipment primarily uses a single type of laser source: either continuous laser or pulsed laser. Each approach has its own limitations. Continuous laser cladding equipment continuously outputs laser energy, providing stable energy input and ensuring the continuity of the cladding layer. However, its relatively uniform energy distribution makes it difficult to precisely control the solidification process of the molten pool when processing certain materials with specific requirements for the cladding layer's microstructure and properties. Pulsed laser cladding equipment, on the other hand, relies on short bursts of high-energy pulses to melt the material. Its advantage lies in the ability to precisely control the timing and intensity of the energy input, effectively reducing the heat-affected zone and minimizing the impact on substrate properties. However, pulsed laser energy output is discontinuous, and the range of a single pulse is limited. Cladding large areas requires frequent scanning, resulting in low processing efficiency. Furthermore, the discrete nature of pulse energy creates challenges in ensuring uniformity in the cladding layer, potentially resulting in inconsistent cladding thickness. As manufacturing demands for material surface properties continue to rise, applications such as aerospace and automotive require cladding layers with higher hardness, improved wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, while also placing strict demands on cladding efficiency and consistent quality. Traditional single-laser cladding equipment can no longer meet these complex and demanding requirements. Therefore, developing a dual-laser superposition cladding equipment that can combine the advantages of continuous laser and pulsed laser has become a key direction for improving the application level of laser cladding technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device and method to solve the problems of existing coaxial wire feeding cladding equipment, such as the inability to automatically adjust the optical path propagation path and the inability of a single type of laser source to clad the target workpiece.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is to include a laser output connection system, a laser light splitting and combining system, a laser merging device, a laser focusing device, a nozzle device and a wire feeding device, wherein the laser output connection system is connected to the laser light splitting and combining system through bolts, the laser light splitting and combining system is connected to the side of the laser merging device through bolts, the bottom of the laser merging device is also connected to the laser light splitting and combining system through bolts, the bottom of the laser light splitting and combining system is connected to the laser focusing device through bolts, the bottom of the laser focusing device is connected to the nozzle device through bolts, and the wire feeding device passes through the laser merging device, the laser light splitting and combining system, the laser focusing device and the nozzle device.

[0007] The laser output connection system of the present invention includes a first laser output device and a second laser output device, wherein the first laser output device includes a first laser fiber, a first laser shaper, and a first housing. The first laser fiber is threadedly connected to the first laser shaper, and the first laser fiber is fixedly connected to the first housing via bolts. The second laser output device includes a second laser fiber, a second laser shaper, and a second housing. The second laser fiber is threadedly connected to the second laser shaper, and the second laser fiber is fixedly connected to the second housing via bolts.

[0008] The laser light splitting and combining system of the present invention comprises a laser light splitting device 1, a laser light splitting device 2 and a laser light combining device, wherein the laser light splitting device 1 comprises a light splitting refractor 1, a splint 1, a push rod 1, a turntable 1, a shell 3 and a light sensor 1, wherein the light splitting refractor 1 is fixedly connected to four splints 1 respectively, the light sensor 1 is fixed to the light splitting refractor 1 through a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables 1 and the splint 1 are connected together through four push rods 1 respectively, the position of the splint 1 is adjusted by moving the push rod 1, the turntable 1 is connected to the shell 3 through a bearing, and the light splitting refractor 1 is fixed to the shell 3 through a mortise and tenon structure. The housing 3 is connected to the housing 1 by bolts; the laser spectrometer device 2 includes a spectroscopic refractor 2, a clamping plate 2, a push rod 2, a turntable 2, a housing 4 and a light sensor 2, wherein the spectroscopic refractor 2 is fixedly connected to the four clamping plates 2 respectively, and the light sensor 2 is fixed to the spectroscopic refractor 2 by a mortise and tenon structure. The four turntables 2 and the clamping plates 2 are connected together by four push rods 2 respectively, and the position of the clamping plates 2 is adjusted by moving the push rods 2. The turntable 2 is connected to the housing 4 by a bearing and performs a rotational motion. The housing 4 is connected to the housing 2 by bolts;

[0009] The laser light combining device includes a light combining refractor, three splints, three push rods, three turntables, six shells and three light sensors, wherein the light combining refractor is fixedly connected to four three splints respectively, the three light sensors are fixed to the light combining refractor through a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables three and the three splints are connected together through four three push rods respectively, the position of the three splints is adjusted by moving the three push rods, the turntable three is connected to the six shells through a bearing for rotational motion, and the six shells are connected to the five shells through bolts.

[0010] The laser merging device described in the present invention includes a right-angle reflector, a beam combiner and a shell five, wherein the right-angle reflector and the beam combiner are fixed in the shell five through a holder, and the outer side of the shell five is fixedly connected to the shell three and the shell four respectively by bolts.

[0011] The laser focusing device described in the present invention includes a convex lens, four clamps, four push rods, four turntables, seven shells and four light sensors, wherein the convex lens is fixedly connected to the four clamps four respectively, the four light sensors four are fixedly connected to the convex lens through mortise and tenon structures respectively, the four turntables four and the clamps four are connected together through four push rods four respectively, the position of the clamps four is adjusted by moving the push rods four, the turntable four is connected to the shell seven through a bearing for rotational motion, and the shell seven is connected to the shell six by bolts.

[0012] The nozzle device described in the present invention includes a nozzle connector, a nozzle and an air pipe, wherein the nozzle is connected to the nozzle connector through a thread, the air pipe is fixed to the nozzle, and the nozzle connector is connected to the bottom of the shell seven through bolts.

[0013] The wire feeding device of the present invention passes through the laser merging device, the laser light combining device, and the laser focusing device and is connected to the nozzle device for feeding out the wire material.

[0014] A laser coaxial wire feeding method with fine-tuning of laser dual optical paths comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Connect the laser output connection system to the two external laser devices respectively, connect the shielding gas to the gas pipe, and connect the wire feeder to the wire feeder;

[0016] Step 2: Move the nozzle device to the preset working position, and the laser output connection system starts to emit continuous laser and pulsed laser. The pulsed laser emitted by laser fiber 1 is shaped into a ring laser by laser shaper 1 and then incident backward. The continuous laser emitted by laser fiber 2 is shaped into a ring laser by laser shaper 2 and then incident backward.

[0017] Step 3: The two ring lasers are respectively split into two semicircular ring light spots by the laser splitting device 1 and the laser splitting device 2 in the laser splitting and combining system, and respectively split by the beam splitting refraction mirror;

[0018] Step 4: The lasers emitted by the laser output connection system 1 and the laser output connection system 2 are merged into one beam through the laser merging device. The pulsed laser emitted from the laser output connection system 1 is completely refracted downward by the right-angle reflector of the laser merging device. The beam combiner allows the Gaussian light reflected from the right-angle reflector to be completely transmitted to the device below. The continuous laser emitted from the laser output connection system 2 is completely refracted downward by the beam combiner. The two laser beams overlap and propagate backward in the beam combiner, so that they have the same focal point when the subsequent convex lens focuses, realizing the use of continuous laser or pulsed laser or the superposition of the two, which is used in situations where the material is difficult to process;

[0019] Step 5: The laser beams transmitted from the laser combining device pass through the laser combining refraction mirror in the laser combining device to combine the two semicircular ring laser beams into one ring laser beam. The two semicircular ring laser beams will have two focal points when passing through the convex lens. The merging of the semicircular ring beams into one ring laser beam will cause the focal points to coincide.

[0020] Step 6: The laser light transmitted from the laser combining device passes through the convex lens in the laser focusing device to focus the ring laser light. The energy originally distributed on the ring will be concentrated to the central area, which greatly increases the energy density at the focus and enhances the central intensity.

[0021] Step 7: The wire feeding device feeds the wire. The wire feeding device is coaxial with the laser to the nozzle. To ensure that the wire feeding device can reach the nozzle without obstacles, a hole is opened between the right-angle reflector and the beam combiner to allow the wire feeding tube to pass through.

[0022] Step 8: The gas pipe starts to supply gas for laser cladding;

[0023] Step 9: After the cladding experiment is completed, turn off the laser cladding equipment and clean the test bench.

[0024] In the third step described in the present invention, the optical path of the incoming ring laser is automatically adjusted through the laser light splitting and combining system. The adjustment methods of the laser light splitting device 1 and the laser light splitting device 2 are the same, wherein the specific adjustment method of the laser light splitting device 1 in the laser light splitting and combining system is: the X-direction deflection of the light splitting and refractor 1 is controlled by two oppositely placed push rods 1, and the Y-direction deflection of the light splitting and refractor 1 is controlled by another two oppositely placed push rods 1. During the operation of one group of push rods 1, a lateral offset force will be generated in the other group of push rods 1. After being subjected to the offset force, the turntable 1 connected to the push rods 1 will rotate accordingly. This rotation is not powered by other machinery and is driven by the force generated by the push rods 1. There is a row of light sensors 1 every 90° on the light splitting and refractor. The light sensors are used To judge the distance from the laser to the refractor, the ring laser emitted by the laser shaper 1 will pass through the optical sensor of the beam splitter refractor 1. If the light path is transmitted along the center, it will be incident on the notch position of the light sensor, which means that the laser has not shifted. If the sensor detects the generation of laser, it means that the laser has shifted. After the sensor recognizes the laser signal, it generates a signal based on the distance from the sensor to the center of the beam splitter refractor. The information is transmitted to the push rod 1 through the circuit, which drives the push rod 1 to change the angle of the beam splitter refractor 1 so that the laser light path is transmitted along the center. The sensor has a partial notch. When the laser propagates along the correct light path, the laser hits the notch of the sensor, which can prevent the sensor from absorbing the laser and weakening the light intensity. That is, the transmission path of the laser is adjusted through feedback, and automatic adjustment is achieved.

[0025] In the seventh step described in the present invention, in order to ensure that the ring laser will not be refracted or projected through the wire feeding tube by the right-angle reflector and the beam combiner, the ring laser emitted by the laser shaper 1 and the laser shaper 2 passes through the beam splitter and refractor 1 and the beam splitter and refractor 2 in the laser splitting and combining system. Due to thickness reasons, the laser emission is horizontally offset in two directions, so that the gap of the split ring laser can pass through the wire feeding tube, and the laser will not contact the wire feeding tube until the laser passes through the beam combining refractor in the laser combining device in the laser splitting and combining system. Due to thickness reasons, the two semicircular lasers pass through the beam combining refractor to form a circular laser, thereby realizing the function of allowing the wire feeding tube to pass through the laser and achieving the function of coaxial wire feeding.

[0026] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. The present invention plans the light path through a laser splitting and combining system and a laser shaper, so that the laser can be split into two semicircular ring lights after entering the laser splitting device, preventing the laser from affecting the wire and the wire feeding device. After passing through the laser combining device, the laser is combined into a beam of circular ring light. There is no loss or loss of light in this process, which solves the problem of coaxiality between the laser and the wire, allows the wire to be fed in all directions, ensures the uniformity and consistency of the cladding layer when processing complex-shaped workpieces, and improves the accuracy of laser cladding.

[0028] 2. The present invention uses optical sensors and mechanical mechanisms. When the light path does not propagate along the prescribed path, part of the laser will fall on the optical sensor. The sensor recognizes and issues an instruction to the push rod to change the direction of the lens so that the light path continues to propagate along the prescribed path. This solves the problem of long-term wear and tear on the equipment itself, which causes the light path to deviate and requires manual adjustment. It also solves the problem that manual adjustment is completely dependent on the operator's professional knowledge and experience level, and the operations of different operators vary greatly, making it difficult to ensure the accuracy and consistency of each adjustment.

[0029] 3. The present invention integrates the pulsed laser and continuous laser output by the laser output connection system into a beam of light through a right-angle reflector and a polarization beam splitter. Compared with traditional cladding equipment with a single laser source, it solves the limitations of single light source processing and realizes the processing of complex and demanding requirements that are difficult to meet with a single light source.

[0030] The present invention can be widely promoted in fields such as laser cladding additive manufacturing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the laser light splitting and combining system and the laser output connection system of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser output device according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the laser output device 2 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser spectrometer according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the laser spectrometer device 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the laser light combining device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the laser combining device of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the laser focusing device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the nozzle device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of the wire feeding device of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 12 It is the optical path principle diagram of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 13 This is a diagram showing the principle of light path propagation of the beam splitter-refractor of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 14 This is a diagram showing the principle of light path propagation of the light combining refractor of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of adjusting the optical path of the light sensor of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] See also Figure 1 , including a laser output connection system 1, a laser light splitting and combining system 2, a laser merging device 3, a laser focusing device 4, a nozzle device 5 and a wire feeding device 6, wherein the laser output connection system 1 is connected to the laser light splitting and combining system 2 by bolts, the laser light splitting and combining system 2 is connected to the side of the laser merging device 3 by bolts, the bottom of the laser merging device 3 is also connected to the laser light splitting and combining system 2 by bolts, the bottom of the laser light splitting and combining system 2 is connected to the laser focusing device 4 by bolts, the bottom of the laser focusing device 4 is connected to the nozzle device 5 by bolts, and the wire feeding device 6 passes through the laser merging device 3, the laser light splitting and combining system 2, the laser focusing device 4 and the nozzle device 5.

[0047] See also Figure 2 、 3 4. The laser output connection system 1 includes a laser output device 1-1 and a laser output device 2 1-2, wherein the laser output device 1-1 includes a laser fiber 1-1-1, a laser shaper 1-1-2, and a housing 1-1-3, wherein the laser fiber 1-1-1 is threadedly connected to the laser shaper 1-1-2, and the laser fiber 1-1-1 is fixedly connected to the housing 1-1-3 by bolts; the laser output device 2 1-2 includes a laser fiber 2 1-2-1, a laser shaper 2 1-2-2, and a housing 2 1-2-3; the laser fiber 2 1-2-1 is threadedly connected to the laser shaper 2 1-2-2, and the laser fiber 2 1-2-1 is fixedly connected to the housing 2 1-2-3 by bolts;

[0048] The laser output connection system 1 has the function of emitting pulsed laser or continuous laser and converting Gaussian laser into an annular light spot. It is composed of two laser output connection systems 1-1 and 1-2. The laser output connection system 1-1 can emit pulsed laser, and the laser output connection system 2 1-2 can emit continuous laser, so as to cope with different processing conditions. Pulsed laser can be used for high-precision processing, with instantaneous action and small thermal impact; continuous laser is suitable for fast cutting and welding, and can provide stable energy output. The laser shaper 1-1-2 and the laser shaper 2 1-2-2 can convert the Gaussian laser beam into an annular light spot, realize the adjustment of light intensity distribution, ensure more uniform energy distribution and zero light intensity in the center, prevent the wire feeding device 6 from being affected by the laser, and help improve the material processing quality.

[0049] See also Figure 2 、 56. The laser light splitting and combining system 2 includes a laser light splitting device 2-1, a laser light splitting device 2-2 and a laser light combining device 2-3, wherein the laser light splitting device 2-1 includes a light splitting refractor 2-1-1, a splint 2-1-2, a push rod 2-1-3, a turntable 2-1-4, a shell 3 2-1-5 and a light sensor 2-1-6, wherein the light splitting refractor 2-1-1 is fixedly connected to four splints 2-1-2 respectively, and the light sensor 2-1-6 is fixed to the light splitting refractor 2-1-1 through a mortise and tenon structure, and the four turntables 2-1-4 and the splint 2-1-2 are connected together through four push rods 2-1-3 respectively, and the position of the splint 2-1-2 is adjusted by moving the push rod, and the turntable 2-1-4 is connected to the shell 3 2-1-5 through a bearing to perform a rotational motion , the shell three 2-1-5 is connected to the shell one 1-1-3 by bolts; the laser spectrometer device two 2-2 includes a spectroscopic refractor two 2-2-1, a splint two 2-2-2, a push rod two 2-2-3, a turntable two 2-2-4, a shell four 2-2-5 and a light sensor two 2-2-6, wherein the spectroscopic refractor two 2-2-1 is fixedly connected to the four splints two 2-2-2 respectively, and the light sensor two 2-2-6 is fixed to the spectroscopic refractor two 2-2-1 by a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables two 2-2-4 and the splint two 2-2-2 are respectively connected together by four push rods two 2-2-3, and the position of the splint two 2-2-2 is adjusted by moving the push rod two, the turntable two 2-1-4 is connected to the shell four 2-2-5 by a bearing, and performs a rotational motion, and the shell four 2-2-5 is connected to the shell two 1-2-3 by bolts;

[0050] See also Figure 2 、 7 The laser light combining device 2-3 includes a light combining refractor 2-3-1, a splint three 2-3-2, a push rod three 2-3-3, a turntable three 2-3-4, a shell six 2-3-5 and a light sensor three 2-3-6, wherein the light combining refractor 2-3-1 is fixedly connected to the four splint three 2-3-2 respectively, the light sensor three 2-3-6 is fixed to the light combining refractor 2-3-1 through a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables three 2-3-4 and the splint three 2-3-2 are respectively connected together by four push rods three 2-3-3, the position of the splint three 2-3-2 is adjusted by moving the push rod three, the turntable three 2-3-4 is connected to the shell six 2-3-5 through a bearing, and performs rotational motion, and the shell six 2-3-5 is connected to the shell five 3-3 by bolts.

[0051] The laser light splitting and combining system 2 can split the ring laser into two semicircular ring lasers and combine the two semicircular ring lasers into one ring laser, and can automatically fine-tune the laser emission direction according to the laser incident position.

[0052] See also Figure 8The laser converging device 3 includes a right-angle reflector 3-1, a beam combiner 3-2 and a shell 5 3-3, wherein the right-angle reflector 3-1 and the beam combiner 3-2 are fixed in the shell 5 3-3 through a socket, and the outer side of the shell 5 3-3 is fixedly connected to the shell 3 2-1-5 and the shell 4 2-2-5 by bolts.

[0053] The laser combining device 3 has the function of adjusting the propagation direction of the light path and combining two beams of light into one beam, and can automatically fine-tune the laser emission direction according to the laser incident position.

[0054] See also Figure 9 The laser focusing device 4 includes a convex lens 4-1, a splint four 4-2, a push rod four 4-3, a turntable four 4-4, a shell seven 4-5 and a light sensor four 4-6, wherein the convex lens 4-1 is fixedly connected to the four splints four 4-2 respectively, the four light sensors four 4-6 are fixedly connected to the convex lens 4-1 through a mortise and tenon structure respectively, the four turntables four 4-4 and the splint four 4-2 are connected together through four push rods four 4-3 respectively, the position of the splint four 4-2 is adjusted by moving the push rod four, the turntable four 4-4 is connected to the shell seven 4-5 through a bearing, and performs a rotational motion, and the shell seven 4-5 is connected to the shell six 2-3-5 by bolts.

[0055] See also Figure 10 The nozzle device 5 includes a nozzle connector 5-1, a nozzle 5-2 and an air pipe 5-3, wherein the nozzle 5-2 is connected to the nozzle connector 5-1 through a thread, the air pipe 5-3 is fixed to the nozzle 5-2, and the nozzle connector 5-1 is connected to the bottom of the shell 7 4-5 through bolts.

[0056] The nozzle device 5 has the function of spraying protective gas onto the surface of the molten pool and accurately delivering the welding wire to the laser action area, thereby achieving the effects of protecting the molten pool, reducing pores, and cleaning the cladding surface.

[0057] See also Figure 11 The wire feeding device 6 passes through the laser merging device 3, the laser light combining device 2-3, and the laser focusing device 4 and is connected to the nozzle device 5 for feeding the wire.

[0058] The wire feeding device 6 has the function of feeding the welding wire to the nozzle for welding.

[0059] See also Figures 1 to 15 A laser coaxial wire feeding method with fine-tuning of laser dual optical paths comprises the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Connect the laser output connection system 1 to the two external laser devices respectively, connect the shielding gas to the gas pipe 5-3, and connect the wire feeding device 6 to the wire feeder;

[0061] Step 2: Move the nozzle device 5 to the preset working position, and the laser output connection system 1 starts to emit continuous laser and pulsed laser. The pulsed laser emitted by the laser fiber 1-1-1 is shaped into a ring laser by the laser shaper 1-1-2 and then incident backward. The continuous laser emitted by the laser fiber 2 1-2-1 is shaped into a ring laser by the laser shaper 2 1-2-2 and then incident backward.

[0062] Step 3: The two ring lasers are respectively split into two semicircular ring light spots by the laser splitting device 2-1 and the laser splitting device 2-2 in the laser splitting and combining system 2 and respectively split by the splitting refraction mirror; Figure 13 As shown, the beam splitter refractometer uses the principle that light will be refracted when it propagates in different media to split the light into two semicircular ring spots.

[0063] Among them, the optical path of the incoming ring laser is automatically adjusted through the laser light splitting and combining system 2, and the adjustment methods of the laser light splitting device 2-1 and the laser light splitting device 2-2 are the same. The specific adjustment method of the laser light splitting device 2-1 in the laser light splitting and combining system 2 is: the X-direction deflection of the light splitting and refraction mirror 2-1-1 is controlled by two oppositely placed push rods 2-1-3, and the Y-direction deflection of the light splitting and refraction mirror 2-1-1 is controlled by another two oppositely placed push rods 2-1-3. During the working process of one group of push rods 2-1-3, a lateral offset force will be generated in the other group of push rods 2-1-3. After being subjected to the offset force, the turntable 2-1-4 connected to the push rods 2-1-3 will rotate accordingly. This rotation is not powered by other machinery, but is driven by the force generated by the push rods 2-1-3. There is a 90° angle on the light splitting and refraction mirror 2-1-1. Column 1: Light sensor 2-1-6. The light sensor is used to determine the distance from the laser to the refractor. The ring laser emitted by laser shaper 1-1-2 passes through the light sensor of beam splitter 2-1-1. If the light path propagates along the center, it will be incident on the notch position of the light sensor, indicating that the laser has not shifted. If the sensor detects the generation of laser light, it means that the laser has shifted. After the sensor recognizes the laser signal, it generates a signal based on the distance between the sensor and the center of the beam splitter refracting mirror. This information is transmitted to push rod 2-1-3 through the circuit. Push rod 2-1-3 is driven to change the angle of beam splitter 2-1-1 so that the laser light path is transmitted along the center. The sensor has a partial notch. When the laser propagates along the correct light path, the laser hits the notch of the sensor, which prevents the sensor from absorbing the laser and weakening the light intensity. In other words, the laser transmission path is adjusted through feedback, achieving automatic adjustment.

[0064] Step 4: The lasers emitted by the laser output connection system 1-1 and the laser output connection system 2 1-2 are merged into one beam through the laser merging device 3. The pulsed laser emitted from the laser output connection system 1-1 is completely refracted downward by the right-angle reflector 3-1 of the laser merging device 3. The beam combiner 3-2 allows the Gaussian light reflected from the right-angle reflector 3-1 to be completely transmitted to the device below. The continuous laser emitted from the laser output connection system 2 1-2 can be completely refracted downward by the beam combiner 3-2. The two laser beams overlap and propagate backward in the beam combiner 3-2, so that they have the same focal point when the subsequent convex lens 4-1 focuses, thereby realizing the use of continuous laser or pulsed laser or the superposition of the two, which is used in situations where the material is difficult to process;

[0065] Step 5: The laser beam transmitted from the laser combining device 3 passes through the laser combining refraction mirror 2-3-1 in the laser combining device 2-3 to combine the two semicircular ring laser beams into one ring laser beam. The two semicircular ring beams will have two focal points when passing through the convex lens 4-1. The merging of the semicircular ring beams into one ring laser beam will cause the focal points to coincide. Figure 14 ,

[0066] Step 6: The laser light transmitted from the laser combining device 2-3 is focused by the convex lens 4-1 in the laser focusing device 4. The energy originally distributed in the ring is concentrated to the central area, which greatly increases the energy density at the focus and enhances the central intensity.

[0067] Step 7: The wire feeding device 6 feeds the wire. The wire feeding device 6 is coaxial with the laser to the nozzle 5-2. To ensure that the wire feeding device 6 can reach the nozzle 5-2 without any obstacles, a hole is opened between the right-angle reflector 3-1 and the beam combiner 3-2 to allow the wire feeding tube to pass through. To ensure that the ring laser will not be refracted or projected through the wire feeding tube by the right-angle reflector 3-1 and the beam combiner 3-2, the ring laser emitted by the laser shaper 1-1-2 and the laser shaper 2 1-2-2 passes through the beam splitter and refractor 1-2 in the laser beam splitting and combining system 2. -1-1 and the second beam splitter and refractor 2-1-1, due to thickness reasons, the laser emission is horizontally offset in two directions, so that the annular laser gap after segmentation can pass through the wire feeding tube, and the laser will not contact the wire feeding tube until the laser passes through the laser combining device in the laser beam splitting and combining system 2. The two semicircular lasers are horizontally offset into a circular laser through the combining refractor 2-3-1 due to thickness reasons, realizing the function of allowing the wire feeding tube to pass through the laser, and achieving the function of coaxial wire feeding;

[0068] Step 8: The gas pipe 5-2 starts to supply gas for laser cladding;

[0069] Step 9: After the cladding experiment is completed, turn off the laser cladding equipment and clean the test bench.

[0070] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0071] Working principle of beam splitter refractometer: Figure 13 When light is incident obliquely from one transparent medium to another, the propagation direction generally changes. According to the refraction phenomenon of light, the laser light entering the beam splitter prism is refracted, and after exiting the beam splitter prism, it is refracted again, so that the incoming and outgoing directions of the laser light are the same, without changing the propagation angle of the light. Figure 14 .

[0072] Working principle of automatic adjustment of optical path: see Figure 15 When the laser propagates along the correct optical path, it will pass through the gap on the sensor and will not generate a circuit signal. When the laser deviates, it will hit the sensor above the gap. The sensor can determine the position where the laser hits the sensor and the distance between the refractor and the laser. When the laser hits the laser, the sensor generates electricity that is transmitted to the push rod through the circuit, causing the push rod to deviate and push the refractor to move in the opposite direction. When the laser passes through the gap again, the sensor stops transmitting signals, the refractor returns to the calibrated initial position, and the laser does not deviate.

[0073] Working principle of beam combiner: see Figure 12 The laser that enters the beam combiner from above can be fully transmitted, and the laser that enters the beam combiner from the horizontal direction can be fully reflected. The two beams of light can overlap and propagate downward after passing through the beam combiner.

[0074] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device, characterized by: It includes a laser output connection system, a laser light splitting and combining system, a laser merging device, a laser focusing device, a nozzle device and a wire feeding device, wherein the laser output connection system is connected to the laser light splitting and combining system via bolts, the laser light splitting and combining system is connected to the side of the laser merging device via bolts, the bottom of the laser merging device is also connected to the laser light splitting and combining system via bolts, the bottom of the laser light splitting and combining system is connected to the laser focusing device via bolts, the bottom of the laser focusing device is connected to the nozzle device via bolts, and the wire feeding device passes through the laser merging device, the laser light splitting and combining system, the laser focusing device and the nozzle device; wherein: The laser output connection system includes a first laser output device and a second laser output device, wherein the first laser output device includes a first laser fiber, a first laser shaper, and a first housing. The first laser fiber is threadedly connected to the first laser shaper and fixedly connected to the first housing via bolts. The first laser fiber emits pulsed laser light. The second laser output device includes a second laser fiber, a second laser shaper, and a second housing. The second laser fiber is threadedly connected to the second laser shaper and fixedly connected to the second housing via bolts. The second laser fiber emits continuous laser light. The laser light splitting and combining system includes a laser light splitting device 1, a laser light splitting device 2 and a laser light combining device, wherein the laser light splitting device 1 includes a light splitting refractor 1, a splint 1, a push rod 1, a turntable 1, a shell 3 and a light sensor 1, wherein the light splitting refractor 1 is fixedly connected to the four splints 1 respectively, the light sensor 1 is fixed to the light splitting refractor 1 through a mortise and tenon structure, the four turntables 1 and the splint 1 are connected together through four push rods 1 respectively, the position of the splint 1 is adjusted by moving the push rod 1, and the turntable 1 is connected to the shell 3 through a bearing for rotation. The housing 3 is connected to the housing 1 by bolts; the laser spectrometer device 2 includes a spectroscopic refractor 2, a clamping plate 2, a push rod 2, a turntable 2, a housing 4 and a light sensor 2, wherein the spectroscopic refractor 2 is fixedly connected to the four clamping plates 2 respectively, and the light sensor 2 is fixed to the spectroscopic refractor 2 by a mortise and tenon structure. The four turntables 2 and the clamping plates 2 are respectively connected together by four push rods 2, and the position of the clamping plates 2 is adjusted by moving the push rods 2. The turntable 2 is connected to the housing 4 by a bearing and performs a rotational motion. The housing 4 is connected to the housing 2 by bolts; The laser light combining device includes a light combining refractor, a three-piece clamp, a three-push rod, a three-turntable, a six-shell housing, and a three-light sensor. The light combining refractor is fixedly connected to four three-piece clamps, and the three-light sensor is fixed to the light combining refractor via a mortise and tenon structure. The four three-turntables and the three-piece clamp are connected together via four three-push rods, and the position of the three-piece clamp is adjusted by moving the three-push rods. The three-turntable is connected to the six-shell housing via a bearing for rotational motion. The six-shell housing is connected to the five-shell housing via bolts. The laser focusing device includes a convex lens, a four-piece clamp, a four-piece push rod, a four-piece turntable, a seven-piece housing, and a four-piece light sensor. The convex lens is fixedly connected to the four four-piece clamps, and the four four-piece light sensors are fixedly connected to the convex lens via a mortise and tenon structure. The four turntables and the four-piece clamps are connected together via four four-piece push rods. The positions of the four-piece clamps are adjusted by moving the four push rods. The turntable is connected to the seven-piece housing via a bearing for rotational motion. The seven-piece housing is connected to the six-piece housing via bolts. The wire feeding device passes through the laser merging device, the laser light combining device and the laser focusing device and is connected to the nozzle device for feeding out the wire material.

2. The laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The laser converging device includes a right-angle reflector, a beam combiner and a shell five, wherein the right-angle reflector and the beam combiner are fixed in the shell five through a holder, and the outer side of the shell five is fixedly connected to the shell three and the shell four respectively through bolts.

3. The laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The nozzle device includes a nozzle connector, a nozzle and an air supply pipe, wherein the nozzle is connected to the nozzle connector through a thread, the air supply pipe is fixed to the nozzle, and the nozzle connector is connected to the bottom of the shell seven through bolts.

4. A method using the laser dual-optical path fine-tuning laser coaxial wire feeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Connect the laser output connection system to the two external laser devices respectively, connect the shielding gas to the gas pipe, and connect the wire feeder to the wire feeder; Step 2: Move the nozzle device to the preset working position, and the laser output connection system starts to emit continuous laser and pulsed laser. The pulsed laser emitted by laser fiber 1 is shaped into a ring laser by laser shaper 1 and then incident backward. The continuous laser emitted by laser fiber 2 is shaped into a ring laser by laser shaper 2 and then incident backward. Step 3: The two ring lasers are respectively split into two semicircular ring light spots by the laser splitting device 1 and the laser splitting device 2 in the laser splitting and combining system, and respectively split by the beam splitting refraction mirror; Step 4: The lasers emitted by the laser output connection system 1 and the laser output connection system 2 are merged into one beam through the laser merging device. The pulsed laser emitted from the laser output connection system 1 is completely refracted downward by the right-angle reflector of the laser merging device. The beam combiner allows the Gaussian light reflected from the right-angle reflector to be completely transmitted to the device below. The continuous laser emitted from the laser output connection system 2 is completely refracted downward by the beam combiner. The two laser beams overlap and propagate backward in the beam combiner, so that they have the same focal point when the subsequent convex lens focuses, realizing the use of continuous laser or pulsed laser or the superposition of the two, which is used in situations where the material is difficult to process; Step 5: The laser beams transmitted from the laser combining device pass through the laser combining refraction mirror in the laser combining device to combine the two semicircular ring laser beams into one ring laser beam. The two semicircular ring laser beams will have two focal points when passing through the convex lens. The merging of the semicircular ring beams into one ring laser beam will cause the focal points to coincide. Step 6: The laser light transmitted from the laser combining device passes through the convex lens in the laser focusing device to focus the ring laser light. The energy originally distributed on the ring will be concentrated to the central area, which greatly increases the energy density at the focus and enhances the central intensity. Step 7: The wire feeding device feeds the wire. The wire feeding device is coaxial with the laser to the nozzle. To ensure that the wire feeding device can reach the nozzle without obstacles, a hole is opened between the right-angle reflector and the beam combiner to allow the wire feeding tube to pass through. Step 8: The gas pipe starts to supply gas for laser cladding; Step 9: After the cladding experiment is completed, turn off the laser cladding equipment and clean the test bench.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that In the third step, the optical path of the incoming ring laser is automatically adjusted through the laser light splitting and combining system. The adjustment methods of the laser light splitting device 1 and the laser light splitting device 2 are the same, wherein the specific adjustment method of the laser light splitting device 1 in the laser light splitting and combining system is: the X-direction deflection of the beam splitting and refractor 1 is controlled by two oppositely placed push rods 1, and the Y-direction deflection of the beam splitting and refractor 1 is controlled by another two oppositely placed push rods 1. During the operation of one group of push rods 1, a lateral offset force will be generated in the other group of push rods 1. After being subjected to the offset force, the turntable 1 connected to the push rods 1 will rotate accordingly. This rotation is not powered by other machinery and is driven by the force generated by the push rods 1. There is a row of light sensors 1 every 90° on the beam splitting and refractor, and the light sensors are used to judge The distance from the laser to the refractor is measured. The ring laser emitted by the laser shaper 1 will pass through the optical sensor of the beam splitter refractor 1. If the light path is transmitted along the center, it will be incident on the notch position of the light sensor, which means that the laser has not shifted. If the sensor detects the generation of laser, it means that the laser has shifted. After the sensor recognizes the laser signal, it generates a signal according to the distance from the sensor to the center of the beam splitter refractor, and transmits the information to the push rod 1 through the circuit. The push rod 1 is driven to push and change the angle of the beam splitter refractor 1, so that the laser light path is transmitted along the center. The sensor has a partial notch. When the laser propagates along the correct light path, the laser hits the notch of the sensor, which can prevent the sensor from absorbing the laser and weakening the light intensity. That is, the transmission path of the laser is adjusted through feedback, and automatic adjustment is achieved.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that In the seventh step, in order to ensure that the ring laser will not be refracted or projected through the wire feeding tube by the right-angle reflector and the beam combiner, the ring laser emitted by the laser shaper 1 and the laser shaper 2 passes through the beam splitter and refractor 1 and the beam splitter and refractor 2 in the laser splitting and combining system. Due to thickness reasons, the laser emission is horizontally offset in two directions, so that the gap of the split ring laser can pass through the wire feeding tube, and the laser will not contact the wire feeding tube until the laser passes through the laser combining device in the laser splitting and combining system. The light combining refractor, due to thickness reasons, the two semicircular lasers are horizontally offset into a circular laser through the light combining refractor, thereby realizing the function of allowing the wire feeding tube to pass through the laser and achieving the function of coaxial wire feeding.

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