Non-ionic surfactant and cleaning agent

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cleaning agents, in particular to a nonionic surfactant which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-80 wt% of a component A and 20-80 wt% of a component B, the component A is prepared from 5 to 16 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 2 to 10 parts of trimethylolpropane, 15 to 65 parts of glycidyl tertiary carboxylic ester, 21 to 35 parts of N, N-dimethylacetamide, 8 to 21 parts of a catalyst, 5 to 12 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 8 to 17 parts of polyethylene glycol 600 and 3 to 8 parts of 2, 2-dimethylolpropionic acid; the component B comprises 12-45 parts of sorbitol and 31-62 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is one or more of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. The prepared non-ionic surface active agent has green and environment-friendly performance. Meanwhile, the cleaning agent prepared by adopting the nonionic surfactant is relatively good in surface activity, and has good stability, temperature resistance and salt resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cleaning agents, in particular to a nonionic surfactant and a cleaning agent. Background Art

[0002] Surfactants are widely used in various civil and industrial fields. Among them, non-ionic surfactants do not ionize in water. They are amphiphilic molecules with hydroxyl or ether bonds as hydrophilic groups. Since non-ionic surfactants do not ionize in water, they are superior to ionic surfactants in some aspects, such as good solubility in water and organic solvents, high stability in solution, and not easily affected by strong electrolyte inorganic salts and acids and bonds. Since it has good compatibility with other types of surfactants, it can often be mixed and used in combination. Non-ionic surfactants have good hard water resistance and low foaming properties, and are suitable for special cleaning agents.

[0003] The invention patent with announcement number CN111635329B discloses a nonionic surfactant and a cleaning agent. The nonionic surfactant provided contains ether and ester structures, can be similarly soluble in oil stains, belongs to non-strong alkaline nonionic surfactants, and has low corrosion to metal and other kitchen utensils. The cleaning agent provided contains the above nonionic surfactant, which is compounded with anionic surfactants and baking soda, does not contain strong alkali, and under the synergistic effect of various components, it not only has excellent oil stain emulsification and penetration effect, but also has corrosion inhibition. When cleaning items, an adsorption film will be formed on the surface of the items, and the hydrophobic base will prevent water and solution oxygen from diffusing to the metal surface, thereby achieving the effect of inhibiting corrosion reactions; and the cleaning agent has good safety and is non-toxic and harmless, which is very suitable for cleaning heavy oil pollution places such as kitchens.

[0004] However, the biodegradability of non-ionic surfactants in the existing technology is poor, and they may even produce toxic metabolites: the biodegradation rate of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (APEO) is only 4%-80%, and the alkylphenol substances generated after degradation have endocrine disrupting properties; the longer the polyoxyethylene chain length, the slower the degradation rate (significantly decreased when the degree of polymerization > 10), which may cause environmental residues. The polyoxyethylene type needs to be synthesized through ethoxylation reaction, and the process conditions (such as temperature and catalyst) have high control requirements, which increases the production cost. The synthesis of polyol esters (such as sorbitol esters and sucrose esters) requires precise adjustment of the esterification ratio of hydroxyl groups and fatty acids, and the process complexity is relatively high. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a nonionic surfactant and a cleaning agent. The prepared nonionic surfactant has green environmental protection performance, and the prepared cleaning agent has good surface activity and good stability, temperature resistance and salt resistance.

[0006] The present invention provides a nonionic surfactant, which is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20-80 wt% of component A and 20-80 wt% of component B; The component A comprises 5-16 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 2-10 parts of trimethylolpropane, 15-65 parts of tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate, 21-35 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 8-21 parts of a catalyst, 5-12 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 8-17 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 3-8 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; The component B comprises 12-45 parts of sorbitol and 31-62 parts of fatty acid, wherein the fatty acid is one or more of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid.

[0007] Preferably, the component A comprises 10-15 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 5-10 parts of trimethylolpropane, 22-58 parts of tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate, 25-32 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 15-21 parts of a catalyst, 8-12 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 8-15 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 4-8 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; The component B comprises 15-40 parts of sorbitol and 35-60 parts of fatty acid, wherein the fatty acid is one or more of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid.

[0008] Preferably, the component A comprises 12-15 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 7-10 parts of trimethylolpropane, 35-58 parts of tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate, 28-32 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 18-21 parts of a catalyst, 8-10 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 11-15 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 6-8 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; The component B comprises 22-40 parts of sorbitol and 48-60 parts of fatty acid, wherein the fatty acid is one or more of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid.

[0009] Preferably, the component A comprises 15 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 10 parts of trimethylolpropane, 45 parts of tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate, 30 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 18 parts of catalyst, 11 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 10 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 8 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; The component B comprises 35 parts of sorbitol and 52 parts of fatty acid, wherein the fatty acid is one or more of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid.

[0010] Preferably, the compounded nonionic surfactant is obtained by compounding component A and component B or by combining component A and component B as initiators and then performing alkoxylation synthesis.

[0011] Preferably, the catalyst is one or more of p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, heteropolyacid, tricyclohexylphosphine, bidentate phosphine, sulfonated phosphine and triphenylphosphine.

[0012] Preferably, the preparation method of component B is: blending sorbitol and fatty acid, and simultaneously performing dehydration to ether and acid-alcohol esterification under acidic or alkaline catalyst conditions and at 150-230° C. to obtain component B.

[0013] The present invention also provides a cleaning agent, which uses the nonionic surfactant in its preparation.

[0014] Preferably, the composition is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 5-20% of the nonionic surfactant, 2-8% of the anionic surfactant, 1-3.5% of the green chelating agent, 0.1-1% of the acid-base regulator, 0.1-1% of the biological enzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

[0015] Preferably, the anionic surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, phosphoric acid monoester and N-acyl glutamate.

[0016] Preferably, the green chelating agent is one or more of tetrasodium glutamate diacetate, trisodium alanine diacetate, tetrasodium aspartate diacetate, tetrasodium iminodisuccinate and polyaspartic acid.

[0017] Preferably, the acid-base regulator includes at least one of ammonia water, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.

[0018] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Both component A and component B are non-ionic surfactants, and both are a type of surfactant that does not ionize in aqueous solution. Their hydrophilic groups are mainly composed of oxygen-containing groups (such as ether groups and hydroxyl groups), and their hydrophobic groups are derived from high-carbon fatty alcohols, alkylphenols, fatty acids, etc. They can be compounded with anionic / cationic surfactants and are suitable for complex formulations. They perform well in both water and organic solvents, but their solubility decreases with increasing temperature. They have good surface activity and good stability, temperature resistance and salt resistance.

[0019] 2. In detergents, the physical and chemical properties of the mixed system of hyperbranched polyester and sorbitan fatty acid ester in non-ionic surfactants change, making the detergent have good stability, which is mainly reflected in molecular weight distribution, fluidity, emulsification ability and interface stability. Green chelating agents can also work synergistically with biological enzyme preparations to improve the detergent's ability to remove stubborn stains.

[0020] 3. The nonionic surfactant prepared by the present invention has green and environmentally friendly properties, and the prepared detergent has good surface activity, good stability, temperature resistance and salt resistance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. It is particularly noted that if no specific conditions are specified in the following examples, the reactions are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the following examples can be obtained from common commercial sources.

[0022] Example 1 A cleaning agent consists of the following components, measured by mass percentage: 5% nonionic surfactant, 2% anionic surfactant, 1% green chelating agent, 0.1% acid-base regulator, 0.1% biological enzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

[0023] Among them, the anionic surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate; the green chelating agent is tetrasodium glutamate diacetate; the acid-base regulator includes ammonia water, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide; the biological enzyme preparation is alkaline protease The nonionic surfactant in this embodiment is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 wt% component A and 80 wt% component B; wherein component A includes 5 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 2 parts of trimethylolpropane, 15 parts of tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate, 21 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 8 parts of catalyst, 5 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 8 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 3 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; the catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid. Component B includes 12 parts of sorbitol and 31 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is lauric acid.

[0024] The preparation method of the component B is as follows: sorbitol and fatty acid are mixed, and dehydration to ether and acid-alcohol esterification are carried out simultaneously under acidic or alkaline catalyst conditions and at 150° C. to obtain the component B.

[0025] The compounded nonionic surfactant is obtained by compounding component A and component B.

[0026] Example 2 A cleaning agent consists of the following components, measured by mass percentage: 10% of a nonionic surfactant, 5% of an anionic surfactant, 2% of a green chelating agent, 0.5% of an acid-base regulator, 0.5% of a biological enzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

[0027] Among them, the anionic surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; the green chelating agent is trisodium alanine diacetate; the acid-base regulators include ammonia water, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide; and the biological enzyme preparation is alkaline protease.

[0028] The nonionic surfactant in this embodiment is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 wt% component A and 70 wt% component B; wherein component A includes 8 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 5 parts of trimethylolpropane, 21 parts of tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate, 25 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 14 parts of catalyst, 8 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 12 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 5 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; the catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid. Component B includes 24 parts of sorbitol and 36 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is palmitic acid.

[0029] The preparation method of the component B is as follows: sorbitol and fatty acid are mixed, and dehydration to ether and acid-alcohol esterification are carried out simultaneously under acidic or alkaline catalyst conditions and at 180° C. to obtain the component B.

[0030] The compounded nonionic surfactant is obtained by compounding component A and component B.

[0031] Example 3 A cleaning agent consists of the following components, measured by mass percentage: 12% of a nonionic surfactant, 4% of an anionic surfactant, 1.8% of a green chelating agent, 0.3% of an acid-base regulator, 0.5% of a biological enzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

[0032] Among them, the anionic surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; the green chelating agent is trisodium alanine diacetate; the acid-base regulators include ammonia water, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide; and the biological enzyme preparation is alkaline protease.

[0033] The nonionic surfactant in this embodiment is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 40 wt% component A and 60 wt% component B; wherein component A includes 12 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 5 parts of trimethylolpropane, 32 parts of tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate, 28 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 16 parts of catalyst, 8 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 15 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 5 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; the catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid. Component B includes 27 parts of sorbitol and 48 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is lauric acid.

[0034] The preparation method of the component B is as follows: sorbitol and fatty acid are mixed, and dehydration to ether and acid-alcohol esterification are carried out simultaneously under acidic or alkaline catalyst conditions and at 200° C. to obtain the component B.

[0035] The compounded nonionic surfactant is obtained by compounding component A and component B.

[0036] Example 4 A cleaning agent consists of the following components, measured by mass percentage: 15% of a nonionic surfactant, 5% of an anionic surfactant, 2.8% of a green chelating agent, 0.6% of an acid-base regulator, 0.8% of a biological enzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

[0037] The anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate, the green chelating agent is tetrasodium aspartate diacetate, the acid-base regulator includes ammonia water, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, and the biological enzyme preparation is alkaline protease.

[0038] The nonionic surfactant in this embodiment is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 60 wt% component A and 40 wt% component B; wherein component A includes 12 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 8 parts of trimethylolpropane, 22 parts of tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate, 32 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 18 parts of catalyst, 8 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 14 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 6 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; the catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid. Component B includes 36 parts of sorbitol and 54 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is stearic acid.

[0039] The preparation method of the component B is as follows: sorbitol and fatty acid are mixed, and dehydration to ether and acid-alcohol esterification are carried out simultaneously under acidic or alkaline catalyst conditions and at 210° C. to obtain the component B.

[0040] The compounded nonionic surfactant is obtained by compounding component A and component B.

[0041] Example 5 A cleaning agent consists of the following components, measured by mass percentage: 20% of a nonionic surfactant, 8% of an anionic surfactant, 3.5% of a green chelating agent, 1% of an acid-base regulator, 1% of a biological enzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

[0042] Among them, the anionic surfactant is N-acyl glutamate; the green chelating agent is tetrasodium iminodisuccinate; the acid-base regulator includes ammonia water, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide; and the biological enzyme preparation is alkaline protease.

[0043] The nonionic surfactant in this embodiment is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 70 wt% component A and 30 wt% component B; wherein component A includes 16 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 2 parts of trimethylolpropane, 60 parts of tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate, 35 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 21 parts of catalyst, 12 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 15 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 5 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; the catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid. Component B includes 42 parts of sorbitol and 60 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is lauric acid.

[0044] The preparation method of the component B is as follows: sorbitol and fatty acid are mixed, and dehydration to ether and acid-alcohol esterification are carried out simultaneously under acidic or alkaline catalyst conditions and at 230° C. to obtain the component B.

[0045] The compounded nonionic surfactant is obtained by compounding component A and component B.

[0046] The principles of the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 5 are as follows: Based on three industrial raw materials, trimellitic anhydride, trimethylolpropane and tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate, component A hyperbranched polyester was synthesized; hyperbranched polyester nonionic surfactant is an amphiphilic molecule formed by combining hyperbranched polyester as the core skeleton and hydrophobic groups (such as alkyl chains or aromatic structures). Its core hyperbranched polyester is usually composed of poly (2,2-dihydroxymethylpropionic acid) (bis-MPA) as a monomer, and is composed of a highly branched three-dimensional structure with a large number of terminal functional groups (such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups). By introducing different functional monomers and hydrophilic groups, these end groups can be chemically modified to graft hydrophobic segments (such as fatty acid chlorides, styrene, etc.) to form nonionic surfactants with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

[0047] Component B is sorbitan fatty acid ester, which is a partially esterified polyol nonionic surfactant. The unreacted hydroxyl group on sorbitan is the hydrophilic group, and the alkyl long-chain fatty acid is the hydrophobic group. According to the type and quantity of the alkyl long-chain fatty acid, sorbitan fatty acid ester is formed. The key reaction of synthesizing sorbitan fatty acid ester with sorbitol and fatty acid as raw materials is dehydration to form ether and acid-alcohol esterification. Among them, dehydration to form ether is the dehydration of sorbitol itself, internal etherification to form cyclic compounds, and synthesize sorbitan; acid-alcohol esterification is the esterification of fatty acids with sorbitol or sorbitan to synthesize monoesters, diesters, triesters or polyesters.

[0048] As a nonionic surfactant, the lipophilic and hydrophilic groups contained in the molecular structure of sorbitan fatty acid ester can make the whole have good interfacial activity at the oil-water interface; and the structural characteristics of hyperbranched polyester can make the whole form good compatibility with sorbitan fatty acid ester in chemical and physical properties. Hyperbranched polyester and sorbitan fatty acid ester can mix and interact with each other to form a mixture. When hyperbranched polyester and sorbitan fatty acid ester are mixed, the two interact through van der Waals force, changing the molecular weight distribution and fluidity of the system. The addition of hyperbranched polyester can enhance the stability and emulsification properties of sorbitan fatty acid ester, thereby improving the overall performance. In addition, the HLB value of the mixture will change due to different component ratios, thereby affecting the emulsification ability and interfacial stability.

[0049] The raw materials of green chelating agents mainly come from renewable resources, such as plant extracts and biomass waste. This not only conforms to the concept of sustainable development, but also effectively reduces production costs. First, green chelating agents are made from renewable resources, and their production process is more environmentally friendly. Secondly, green chelating agents have good biodegradability and can be quickly degraded by the environment after use, reducing the pollution impact on the ecosystem. In addition, green chelating agents are comparable to traditional chelating agents in terms of decontamination ability and stability, and even perform better in some applications.

[0050] Comparative Example 1 The same preparation method as in Example 1 was used for the preparation, except that no nonionic surfactant was added.

[0051] Comparative Example 2 The same preparation method as in Example 1 was used for the preparation, except that component B was not added to the nonionic surfactant.

[0052] Performance Testing 1. Surface tension comparison test: The surface tension of the cleaning agents of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 was tested by an automatic surface tension tester. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0053] 2. Oil washing capacity test: Take the formation sand of the oil field, wash it, grind it and sieve it for use, mix it with the target crude oil according to the residual oil saturation, and age it at the reservoir temperature for 7 days. Then take out 5 grams of the aged oil sand and add it to 0.5% of the detergent solution prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 at a ratio of oil sand: solution = 1:10 and mix it. After standing at the reservoir temperature for 72 hours, separate the oil sand and the oil-containing detergent solution, measure the residual oil in the oil sand by thermogravimetry and calculate the oil washing capacity. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0054] Table 1 Performance test results

[0055] As shown in Table 1, the detergent prepared in Example 5 has good surface tension and a high oil removal rate. This shows that the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the detergent of the present invention are mainly reflected in the molecular weight distribution, fluidity, emulsification ability and interface stability, so that the detergent has good stability. The green chelating agent can work synergistically with the biological enzyme preparation to improve the detergent's ability to remove stubborn stains.

[0056] The above is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A nonionic surfactant, characterized in that The invention is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20-80 wt % of component A and 20-80 wt % of component B; The component A comprises 5-16 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 2-10 parts of trimethylolpropane, 15-65 parts of tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate, 21-35 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 4-21 parts of a catalyst, 5-12 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 8-17 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 3-8 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; The component B comprises 12-45 parts of sorbitol and 31-62 parts of fatty acid, wherein the fatty acid is one or more of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid.

2. The nonionic surfactant according to claim 1, characterized in that The invention is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20-80 wt % of component A and 20-80 wt % of component B; The component A comprises 10-15 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 5-10 parts of trimethylolpropane, 22-58 parts of tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate, 25-32 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 8-21 parts of a catalyst, 8-12 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 8-15 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 4-8 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; The component B comprises 15-40 parts of sorbitol and 35-60 parts of fatty acid, wherein the fatty acid is one or more of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid.

3. The nonionic surfactant according to claim 1, characterized in that The compounded nonionic surfactant is obtained by compounding component A and component B or by combining component A and component B as initiators and then performing alkoxylation synthesis.

4. The nonionic surfactant according to claim 1, characterized in that The catalyst is one or more of p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, heteropolyacid, tricyclohexylphosphine, bidentate phosphine, sulfonated phosphine and triphenylphosphine.

5. The nonionic surfactant according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of component B is as follows: sorbitol and fatty acid are mixed, and dehydration to ether and acid-alcohol esterification are carried out simultaneously under acidic or alkaline catalyst conditions and at 150-230° C. to obtain component B.

6. A cleaning agent, characterized in that The cleaning agent uses the nonionic surfactant described in claim 1 in its preparation.

7. The cleaning agent according to claim 6, characterized in that The invention is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 5-20% of the nonionic surfactant, 2-8% of the anionic surfactant, 1-3.5% of the green chelating agent, 0.1-1% of the acid-base regulator, 0.1-1% of the biological enzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

8. The cleaning agent according to claim 7, characterized in that The anionic surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, phosphoric acid monoester and N-acyl glutamate.

9. The cleaning agent according to claim 7, characterized in that The green chelating agent is one or more of tetrasodium glutamate diacetate, trisodium alanine diacetate, tetrasodium aspartate diacetate, tetrasodium iminodisuccinate and polyaspartic acid.

10. The cleaning agent according to claim 7, characterized in that The acid-base regulator includes at least one of ammonia water, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.

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