A short-process spinning device and its application method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a short-process spinning device and its application method, which relate to the field of spinning technology. The short-process spinning device includes a fiber-splitting mechanism and a fiber-cutting mechanism. The fiber-splitting mechanism is used to disperse the filament bundles being transported into a single fiber state through multiple combing to obtain parallel and straight fibers. The fiber-cutting mechanism is arranged at the rear side of the fiber-splitting mechanism and includes a cutter roller and a conveying curtain. The cutter roller is located on the upper side of the conveying curtain and includes a cylindrical roller and a spiral blade. The spiral blade is spirally arranged on the surface of the cylindrical roller. The spiral blade is used to obliquely cut the parallel and straight fibers continuously transported by the conveying curtain into short fibers in groups. The present invention achieves continuous slivering through technical innovations in fiber-splitting, fiber-cutting, and slivering. The slivers are uniform in thickness, have a certain cohesive force, and are parallel and straight. The short fibers can also be directly twisted into yarn without slivering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of spinning technology, and particularly relates to a short-process spinning device and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] There are many methods for yarn preparation, such as ring spinning, compact spinning, Siro spinning, rotor spinning, vortex spinning, and friction spinning. Existing short fiber spinning processes all include essential pre-spinning steps such as fiber opening, impurity removal, blending, carding, and drawing. These processes are lengthy, leading to high labor costs, high energy consumption, and large land requirements for spinning enterprises, resulting in high production costs and poor competitiveness. If yarn could be formed in a single step, the spinning process could be significantly shortened, greatly reducing spinning costs and energy consumption, resulting in enormous economic and social value.

[0003] Patent CN219670730U describes a filament cutting device that cuts long filament bundles into loose short fibers. A drive motor indirectly moves the filament bundle via a conveyor belt, while a transmission motor indirectly moves a cutting blade up and down, automatically cutting the filament bundle. Although this device automatically cuts filaments into continuously output short fibers, it cuts the filaments parallel to each other, resulting in uniform, parallel cuts that don't easily bind together, making them unsuitable for direct production of short fiber slivers. Therefore, the cut short fibers still need further processing steps such as fiber opening, mixing, carding, and drawing to produce short fiber slivers. This problem is precisely the current difficulty in producing slivers from filaments in a single step.

[0004] This invention addresses the challenge of directly forming spinnable sliver assemblies from continuously cut filaments, achieving short-process spinning. Besides cutting filaments into continuously output short slivers, this invention also considers the need for uniform sliver thickness, sufficient cohesion, continuous feeding, and parallel, straight fibers within the sliver. This invention proposes a short-process spinning device comprising a sliver-making unit and a yarn-forming unit. Through innovative techniques in fiber spreading, combing, cutting, and sliver forming, it achieves continuous sliver formation, resulting in slivers with uniform thickness, sufficient cohesion, and parallel, straight fibers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a short-process spinning device and its application method to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, such as the fact that the existing filament cutting technology, which cuts filaments in parallel with a cutting knife to form short fibers, still requires multiple processing steps such as fiber opening, mixing, carding, and drawing to prepare the short fibers into slivers.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0007] The present invention provides a short-process spinning apparatus in a first aspect, comprising a fiber combing mechanism and a fiber cutting mechanism;

[0008] The fiber combing mechanism is used to comb and disperse the conveyed filament bundle into single fibers through multiple combing processes to obtain parallel and straight fibers.

[0009] The fiber cutting mechanism is located behind the fiber combing mechanism and includes a cutting roller and a conveying curtain. The cutting roller is located on the upper side of the conveying curtain. The cutting roller includes a cylindrical roller and a spiral blade. The spiral blade is spirally arranged on the surface of the cylindrical roller. The spiral angle α of the spiral blade is in the range of 0 < α < 90°. The spiral blade is used to obliquely cut the parallel and straight fibers continuously conveyed by the conveying curtain into short fibers.

[0010] Preferably, the helical angle α of the helical blade is in the range of 30° < α < 60°.

[0011] Preferably, a comb needle is provided in the area between adjacent spiral blades, and the comb needle is connected to the surface of the cylindrical roller.

[0012] Preferably, a negative pressure zone is provided in the middle of the conveyor curtain, and the point where the cutter roller is closest to the conveyor curtain is the fiber cutting point. The fiber cutting point is located above the negative pressure zone, so that the cut part of the fiber is attracted by the negative pressure.

[0013] A fourth roller group is provided on the rear side of the conveyor curtain, and the distance between the fiber cutting point and the fourth roller group is less than the length of the short fiber after cutting.

[0014] Preferably, a first roller group and a traverse device are also provided on the front side of the fiber combing mechanism; the traverse device is provided on the rear side of the first roller group and is used to laterally displace and swing the filament bundle conveyed by the first roller group during the conveying process.

[0015] Preferably, the fiber loosening and combing mechanism includes a fiber loosening roller group and a fiber combing roller. The fiber loosening roller group is located behind the traversing device. A second roller group is located behind the fiber loosening roller group. The fiber combing roller is located behind the second roller group. A third roller group is located behind the fiber combing roller.

[0016] Furthermore, the fiber-loosening roller assembly includes fiber-loosening rollers, and the number of fiber-loosening rollers is set to 1 to 8.

[0017] The surface of the fiber-loosening roller is provided with protrusions and air holes, and the protrusions and air holes are distributed alternately in a ratio of 1 to 50:1.

[0018] Furthermore, the combing roller is a roller with a surface covered with needle cloth, preferably arranged in a reverse direction with the needle back facing forward and the needle tip facing backward.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes a bundler, which is disposed on the rear side of the fourth roller group. The bundler is an axisymmetric structure with a partitioned design, used to group short fibers into short fiber strips.

[0020] A fifth roller group is provided behind the condenser, and a yarn forming unit A is provided behind the fifth roller group.

[0021] Specifically, the yarn forming unit A adopts one of the following: rotor spinning unit, vortex spinning unit, friction spinning unit, and ring spinning unit; the rotor spinning unit includes a sliver feeding and carding mechanism, a rotor yarn forming mechanism, and an output and winding mechanism; the vortex spinning unit includes a drafting mechanism, a vortex yarn forming mechanism, and an output winding mechanism; the friction spinning unit includes a drafting mechanism, a feeding and carding mechanism, a dust cage yarn forming mechanism, and an output winding mechanism; and the ring spinning unit includes a roving mechanism and a spinning mechanism.

[0022] Preferably, a yarn forming unit B is provided on the rear side of the fourth roller group.

[0023] Specifically, the yarn forming unit B adopts one of the following: a rotor spinning unit without a feeding and combing mechanism, a vortex spinning unit without a drafting mechanism, or a friction spinning unit without a drafting mechanism.

[0024] Preferably, the first roller group, the second roller group, the third roller group, the fourth roller group, and the fifth roller group each include rollers and pressure rollers, with the pressure rollers pressing on the rollers, and the rotation of the rollers and the pressure rollers controlling the forward transport of fibers.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing yarn by one-step spinning of filaments, the method comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1. Determine the number of filament bundles to be fed: Determine the number of filament bundles according to the sliver quantity design specified in the spinning process, and feed all filament bundles in parallel through the first roller group; the number of bundles ranges from 100 to 5000.

[0027] S2. Select the configuration of the fiber-loosening roller and the fiber-combing roller, and optimize the rotation speed of the fiber-loosening roller and the fiber-combing roller: control the tension coefficient of the filament bundle between the first roller group and the second roller group to be in the range of 0.5-8.0; control the tension coefficient of the filament bundle between the second roller group and the third roller group to be in the range of 0.8-8.0;

[0028] S3. Determine the short fiber cutting length and cutting interval, adjust the fiber cutting tension coefficient, and optimize the negative pressure value of the negative pressure zone: the cutting length is set by the length of one revolution of the spiral blade, and the cutting interval is set by the distance between the center position of the fourth roller group and the fiber cutting point; control the fiber cutting tension coefficient between the third roller group and the fourth roller group to be in the range of 0.5 to 10.0.

[0029] S4. Select the bundler to obtain short fiber strips;

[0030] S5. Short fiber slivers are spun into short fiber yarns by entering the yarn forming unit A.

[0031] In a third aspect, this invention proposes a method for preparing yarn by one-step spinning of filaments, the method comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1. Determine the number of filament bundles to be fed: Determine the number of filament bundles according to the sliver quantity design specified in the spinning process, and feed all filament bundles in parallel through the first roller group; the number of bundles ranges from 1 to 99.

[0033] S2. Select the configuration of the fiber-loosening roller and the fiber-combing roller, and optimize the rotation speed of the fiber-loosening roller and the fiber-combing roller; control the tension coefficient of the filament bundle between the first roller group and the second roller group to be within the range of 0.5-8.0; control the tension coefficient of the filament bundle between the second roller group and the third roller group to be within the range of 0.8-8.0;

[0034] S3. Determine the short fiber cutting length and cutting interval, adjust the fiber cutting tension coefficient, and optimize the negative pressure value of the negative pressure zone: the cutting length is set by the length of one revolution of the spiral blade, and the cutting interval is set by the distance between the center position of the fourth roller group and the fiber cutting point; control the fiber cutting tension coefficient between the third roller group and the fourth roller group to be in the range of 0.5 to 10.0.

[0035] S4. Short fibers are directly fed into yarn spinning unit B and spun into short fiber yarn.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0037] (1) The short-process spinning device of the present invention achieves technological innovation through fiber spreading, fiber combing and fiber cutting. Fiber spreading and fiber combing make the fibers parallel and straight. At this time, the parallel and straight fibers are directly transported to the cutting roller composed of spiral blades. The spiral blades rotate once to cut the filament into a short fiber. At this time, the cut part of the cut short fiber is oblique, which increases the saturation force between adjacent short fibers in the whole short fiber, which can keep the fibers parallel and straight. Thus, the cut short fibers are directly formed into strips or directly used for spinning.

[0038] (2) In this invention, a short-process spinning device is used to prepare filament bundles into slivers in one step. The sliver preparation unit directly prepares short fiber slivers from filament bundles, reducing the spinning process of short fibers, reducing equipment footprint, energy consumption, labor costs, etc., and improving production efficiency. Compared with slivers prepared by conventional processes such as opening and cleaning, carding, and drawing, the slivers prepared by the sliver preparation unit of this invention have more uniform fineness and the fibers in the sliver are more parallel and straight. The yarn prepared by this invention has better performance in terms of evenness, breaking strength, coefficient of variation, and other indicators.

[0039] (3) In this invention, a short-process spinning device is used to spin the filament bundle in one step. The short fibers output by the fourth roller group directly enter the spinning cup through the fiber channel of the yarn forming unit and are twisted into yarn, that is, there is no need to form slivers, and the same spinning is achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the short-process spinning device in the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fiber-loosening roller assembly in this invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fiber-loosening roller in the present invention (Figures A, B, C, and D are schematic diagrams of different surface designs of the fiber-loosening roller);

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the combing roller in this invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fiber cutting mechanism in this invention;

[0045] Figure 6 Figure A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting roller in this invention (Figure A is an overall schematic diagram of the cutting roller, Figure B is a schematic diagram of the surface unfolded of the cutting roller, and Figure C is a schematic diagram of the surface unfolded of the cutting roller with comb needles arranged in the adjacent spiral blade intervals).

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the cutting of long filaments into short fibers in this invention;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clusterer in this invention;

[0048] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the short-process spinning device in the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0049] Figure reference numerals:

[0050] 1. Filament bundle; 2. First roller group; 3. Traverse device; 4. Fiber spreading roller group; 5. Second roller group; 6. Combing roller; 7. Third roller group; 8. Fiber cutting mechanism; 9. Fourth roller group; 10. Bundler; 11. Short fiber sliver; 12. Fifth roller group; 13. Yarn forming unit A; 14. Cutter roller; 15. Conveyor curtain; 16. Negative pressure zone; 17. Fiber cutting point; 18. Cylindrical roller; 19. Spiral blade; 20. Yarn forming unit B; 21. Combing needle. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1:

[0053] See Figure 1 The short-process spinning device of the present invention includes a fiber combing mechanism, a fiber cutting mechanism 8 and a bundler 10.

[0054] A first roller group 2 and a traverse device 3 are arranged in front of the fiber-loosening and combing mechanism. The filament bundle 1 first enters the first roller group 2, and the traverse device 3 is set behind the first roller group 2. Its main function is to cause the filament bundle 1 to move laterally and swing during the conveying process, thereby improving the fiber-loosening effect.

[0055] In this embodiment, the fiber-loosening and combing mechanism consists of a fiber-loosening roller group 4 and a fiber-combing roller 6, as follows: Figure 2 As shown. The fiber-loosening roller group 4 can be configured with 1 to 5 fiber-loosening rollers, each roller having raised dots on its surface, such as... Figure 3 As shown in -A, its function is to loosen and disperse partially adhered fiber bundles; air holes are set between the protrusions of the fiber-dispersing roller, such as... Figure 3 As shown in -B; different combinations of pores and protrusions meet the fiber spreading requirements of different filaments, such as Figure 3 -C and Figure 3 -D is shown. Changing the rotation speed of the first roller group 2 and the second roller group 5 can adjust the tension F12 of the filament bundle 1 during the fiber spreading process. The tension coefficient of the tension F12 can be controlled within the range of 0.5-8.0.

[0056] Specifically, the combing roller 6 adopts a "dispersed combing" design, which involves covering its surface with carding cloth arranged in reverse, with the back of the needles facing forward and the tips facing backward, such as... Figure 4As shown, the fiber bundle is dispersed and combed using the back of the carding needle to separate the fibers into individual fibers, reducing damage to the filament fibers. The carding roller 6 disperses the fiber bundle into individual fibers and removes impurities. The specifications of the carding cloth are determined according to the fineness and other characteristics of the filament. Changing the rotation speed of the second roller group 5 and the third roller group 7 can adjust the tension F23 of the filament bundle 1 during the combing process. The tension coefficient of the tension F23 is controlled within the range of 0.8-8.0.

[0057] In this embodiment, the fiber cutting mechanism 8 consists of a cutting roller 14 and a conveying curtain 15. The point where the cutting roller 14 and the conveying curtain 15 are closest to each other is called the fiber cutting point 17. Figure 5 As shown.

[0058] Specifically, the cutter roller 14 is composed of helical blades 19 arranged helically on the surface of the cylindrical roller 18, such as... Figure 6 As shown in -A, the helical angle of the spiral blades 19 directly determines the relative arrangement of the short fibers after cutting. The helical angle is set in the range of 0° to 90°, preferably 30° to 60°. Figure 6 As shown in -B. Arranging comb needles 21 between two adjacent spiral blades 19 on the surface of the cylindrical roller 18 is also a type of cutting roller 14, such as... Figure 6 As shown in -C. As the cutting roller 14 rotates, the spiral blade 19 cuts the filament into short fibers when it passes the cutting point 17. The short fibers are arranged in a staggered pattern, as shown in the image. Figure 7 As shown; when the spiral blade 19 rotates to the fiber cutting point 17, it cuts the filament. The length of the fiber cut is the displacement distance of one revolution of the spiral blade 19.

[0059] Specifically, the conveyor curtain 15 is located directly below the cutter roller 14. The conveyor curtain 15 rotates continuously to ensure that the cut fiber end moves forward smoothly until it is fed into the fourth roller group 9. A negative pressure zone 16 is provided in the middle of the conveyor curtain 15. The cut point of the fiber is attracted by negative pressure. For the output fiber, this ensures that the fiber tail end is parallel, and for the input fiber, it allows the fiber head end to be conveyed forward smoothly. The distance between the center position of the fourth roller group 9 and the fiber cutting point 17 is called the cutting gap, which is related to the cutting length of the short fiber. The cutting gap should be set smaller than the cutting length of the short fiber. By changing the relative rotation speed of the third roller group 7 and the fourth roller group 9, the tension F34 when the filament is cut can be adjusted. The tension coefficient of the tension F34 is in the range of 0.5 to 10.0.

[0060] In this embodiment, the clusterer 10 has an axisymmetric structure and a partitioned design, such as... Figure 8The diagram shows a four-zone axisymmetric cluster, with zones a and b symmetrical to zones d and c, respectively. The fibers travel different displacement distances through zones a and b, optimizing the staggered arrangement between fibers and improving the mixing effect. This further staggers the fibers to increase the cohesion of the sliver. The main function of the cluster 10 is to bundle the short fiber web output from the fourth roller group 9 into short fiber slivers 11. Zones a and b can be designed laterally or longitudinally to zones d and c, respectively.

[0061] In this embodiment, the first roller group 2, the second roller group 5, the third roller group 7, the fourth roller group 9, and the fifth roller group 12 are all composed of rollers and pressure rollers. The pressure rollers press on the rollers, and the rotation of the rollers, together with the pressure rollers, controls the forward conveying of the fibers. In order to give the fibers better curvature and improve the cohesion of the fiber slivers, the fifth roller group 12 can be selected as a grooved roller, which is also within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0062] In this embodiment, the short-process spinning device can also be used as a sliver-making unit, and the sliver-making unit is connected to the yarn-forming unit A13. The yarn-forming unit A13 can be selected from spinning units such as rotor spinning, vortex spinning, friction spinning, and ring spinning. The rotor spinning unit includes a sliver feeding and carding mechanism, a rotor yarn-forming mechanism, and an output and winding mechanism. The vortex spinning unit includes a drafting mechanism, a vortex yarn-forming mechanism, and an output winding mechanism. The friction spinning unit includes a drafting mechanism, a feeding and carding mechanism, a dust cage yarn-forming mechanism, and an output winding mechanism. The ring spinning unit includes a roving mechanism and a spinning mechanism. By connecting the short-process spinning device as a sliver-making unit to the yarn-forming unit, the filament bundle 1 can be directly spun into short fiber yarn, eliminating the processes of opening and cleaning, carding, and drawing. Compared with the traditional rotor spinning and vortex spinning processes, the spinning device proposed in this invention is simpler, and the spinning process is greatly shortened.

[0063] The method for preparing filaments into strips in one step comprises the following steps:

[0064] (1) Determine the amount of filament bundle 1 to be fed: Design the number of filament bundles 1 to be fed according to the sliver quantity specified in the spinning process, and feed multiple filament bundles 1 in parallel through the first roller group 2.

[0065] (2) Select the configuration of the fiber-dispersing roller and the fiber-combing roller 6, and optimize the rotation speed of the fiber-dispersing roller and the fiber-combing roller 6: Design the configuration of the fiber-dispersing roller based on the effect of the filament bundle 1 dispersion optimization; adjust the tension F12 and F23 to change the tension of the filament in the fiber-dispersing and fiber-combing process.

[0066] (3) Select the cutter roller 14 and the cutting gap, adjust the fiber cutting tension F34, and optimize the negative pressure value of the negative pressure zone 16: Select the appropriate cutter roller 14 and the cutting gap according to the short fiber cutting length required by the process.

[0067] (4) Selection of bundler 10: Select a suitable bundler 10 according to the fiber type.

[0068] (5) Spinning of short fiber strip 11: The fiber web output from the fourth roller group 9 is fed into the bundler 10 to form short fiber strip 11, and then output through the fifth roller group 12; the short fiber strip 11 is directly fed into the yarn forming unit A13 to be spun into short fiber yarn.

[0069] This invention can also utilize a short-process spinning device for one-step filament spinning, where the short fibers output from the fourth roller group 9 directly enter the spinning cup for twisting into yarn through the fiber channel of the yarn forming unit B20, thus eliminating the need for sliver forming. This is also a spinning method protected by this invention, and the process flow is as follows: Figure 9 As shown.

[0070] The preparation method of one-step spinning of filament yarn includes the following steps:

[0071] (1) Multiple filament bundles 1 are fed into the first roller group 2, and then enter the fiber spreading roller 4 through the transverse moving device 3 for dispersion. The filaments, which are evenly dispersed and laid flat, enter the combing roller 5 to be combed. The tensions F12 and F23 are adjusted to optimize the dispersion and combing effect of the filaments.

[0072] (2) The combed fiber filaments are output through the third roller group 7 and enter the fiber cutting device 8. Select the appropriate fiber cutting roller and cutting distance to ensure that the short fiber cutting length meets the process requirements and is output smoothly; optimize the negative pressure value of the conveying curtain 15 to ensure that the fibers are arranged in parallel and cut straight and are conveyed.

[0073] (3) The fibers output from the fourth roller group 9 directly enter the spinning unit B20 to be spun into short fiber yarn.

[0074] Example 1:

[0075] Short fiber slivers and yarns are prepared using a one-step filament sliver preparation method, as detailed below:

[0076] 300D / 144F polyester filament bundles are selected as raw materials. 100 polyester filament bundles are fed in at the same time. Three fiber-loosening rollers are used. The carding needle cloth is AC2525x01360 type. The tension coefficient of fiber loosening tension F12 is 0.98 and the tension coefficient of carding tension F23 is 1.14. The appropriate cutter roller 14 is selected to obtain polyester staple fibers with a cutting length of 38mm. The cutting interval is set to 34mm. The negative pressure of the fiber cutting point 17 is 25mbar. The tension coefficient of fiber cutting tension F34 is 1.05. A transverse four-zone bundler is selected.

[0077] The sliver-making unit is connected to the rotor spinning unit to form a short-process spinning device. Trial spinning of 31 tex yarn is conducted on this device.

[0078] The unevenness of weight and breaking strength of short fiber slivers and yarns were tested. The CV% of the sliver was 2.3%, which was 30% lower than that of slivers prepared by conventional methods. The CV% of yarn dryness prepared by the device of this invention was 9.8%, which was 16.1% lower than that of yarns prepared by conventional methods. The coefficient of variation of yarn breaking strength was 11.07%, which was 12.5% ​​lower than that of yarns prepared by conventional methods.

[0079] Example 2:

[0080] Short fiber slivers and yarns are prepared using a one-step filament sliver preparation method, as detailed below:

[0081] 150D / 72F Lyocell filament bundles were selected as raw materials, with 220 filament bundles fed in simultaneously. Three fiber-loosening rollers were used, and AC2525x01360 type carding cloth was selected. The fiber-loosening tension F12 had a tension coefficient of 0.92, and the fiber-combing tension F23 had a tension coefficient of 1.05. A suitable cutter roller was selected to obtain short fibers with a cutting length of 32mm. The cutting interval was set to 29mm, the negative pressure at the cutting point was 24mbar, and the fiber-cutting tension F34 had a tension coefficient of 1.23. A transverse four-zone bundler was selected.

[0082] The sliver-making unit is connected to the vortex spinning unit to form a short-process spinning device. A trial spinning operation was conducted on this device to produce 19.0 tex yarn.

[0083] The weight unevenness and breaking strength unevenness tests were conducted on short fiber slivers and yarns. The CV% of the sliver was 2.1%, which was 32% lower than that of slivers prepared by conventional methods. The yarn dryness CV% prepared by the device of the present invention was 12.08%, which was 15.9% lower than that. The yarn breaking strength coefficient of variation was 9.6%, which was 13.2% lower than that.

[0084] Example 3:

[0085] Short fiber slivers and yarns are prepared using a one-step filament sliver preparation method, as detailed below:

[0086] 150D / 144F fine denier polyester filament bundles are selected as raw materials, with 220 filament bundles fed in simultaneously. Three fiber-loosening rollers are used, and AC2525x01860 type carding needle cloth is selected. The tension coefficient of fiber loosening tension F12 is 0.91, and the tension coefficient of fiber-combing tension F23 is 1.01. A suitable cutting roller is selected to obtain nylon staple fibers with a cutting length of 32mm. The cutting interval is set to 28mm, the negative pressure at the cutting point is 23mbar, and the tension coefficient of cutting tension F34 is 1.18. A transverse four-zone bundler is selected.

[0087] A short-process spinning device is formed by connecting the sliver-making unit to the friction spinning single-spindle spinning unit. A trial spinning operation was conducted on this device to produce 16tex yarn.

[0088] Weight unevenness and breaking strength unevenness tests were conducted on short fiber slivers and yarns. The CV% of the sliver was 2.1%, which was 28% lower than that of slivers prepared by conventional methods. The yarn CV% prepared by the device of this invention was 8.8%, which was 16.1% lower than that of the traditional method. The yarn breaking strength coefficient of variation was 8.9%, which was 11.1% lower than that of the traditional method.

[0089] Example 4:

[0090] Short fiber slivers and yarns are prepared using a one-step filament sliver preparation method, as detailed below:

[0091] 100D / 40F nylon filament bundles are selected as raw materials, with 260 filament bundles fed in simultaneously. One fiber-loosening roller is used, and the carding needle cloth is of type SC-3. The fiber-loosening tension F12 has a tension coefficient of 1.02, and the fiber-combing tension F23 has a tension coefficient of 1.5. A suitable cutting roller is selected to obtain polyester staple fibers with a cutting length of 38mm. The cutting interval is set to 29mm, the negative pressure at the cutting point is 26mbar, and the fiber-cutting tension F34 has a tension coefficient of 2.1. A transverse four-zone bundler is selected.

[0092] The aforementioned sliver-making unit is connected to the ring spinning unit to form a short-process spinning device. A trial spinning operation was conducted on this device to produce 19tex yarn.

[0093] Weight unevenness and breaking strength unevenness tests were conducted on short fiber slivers and yarns. The CV% of the sliver was 2.3%, which was 24% lower than that of slivers prepared by conventional methods. The yarn CV% prepared by the device of this invention was 12.08%, which was 16.1% lower than that of the traditional method. The coefficient of variation of the breaking strength of the yarn was 11.59%, which was 14.1% lower than that of the traditional method.

[0094] Example 5:

[0095] Yarn is prepared using a one-step filament spinning method, as detailed below:

[0096] Five 75D / 72F polyester filament bundles were fed simultaneously into a three-roller configuration. The carding cloth was type AC2525x01360. The tension coefficient of the loosening tension F12 was 0.98, and the tension coefficient of the carding tension F23 was 1.14. A suitable cutter roller 14 was selected to obtain polyester staple fibers with a cut length of 38mm. The cutting interval was set to 34mm, the negative pressure at the cutting point 17 was 23mbar, and the tension coefficient of the cutting tension F34 was 1.03. The cut staple fibers directly entered the yarn forming unit B20 to form a short-process spinning device. Trial spinning of 40tex yarn was conducted in this device.

[0097] The yarn dryness coefficient (CV%) prepared by the device of the present invention is 9.4%, which is 17.8% lower than the previous year; the yarn breaking strength coefficient of variation is 11.36, which is 11.2% lower than the previous year.

[0098] The above description is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core essence of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent substitutions or modifications made to the technical solution and inventive concept disclosed in the present invention within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A short-process spinning apparatus, characterized in that, Including fiber combing mechanism and fiber cutting mechanism (8); The fiber combing mechanism is used to comb and disperse the conveyed filament bundle (1) into single fibers through multiple combing processes to obtain parallel and straight fibers. The fiber cutting mechanism (8) is located behind the fiber combing mechanism and includes a cutting roller (14) and a conveying curtain (15). The cutting roller (14) is located above the conveying curtain (15). The cutting roller (14) includes a cylindrical roller (18) and a spiral blade (19). The spiral blade (19) is spirally arranged on the surface of the cylindrical roller (18). The spiral angle α of the spiral blade (19) is in the range of 30° < α < 60°. The spiral blade (19) is used to obliquely cut the parallel and straight fiber groups continuously conveyed by the conveying curtain (15) into short fibers. The fiber dispersing and combing mechanism includes a fiber dispersing roller group (4) and a fiber combing roller (6). The fiber dispersing roller group (4) is located behind the traversing device (3). A second roller group (5) is located behind the fiber dispersing roller group (4). The fiber combing roller (6) is located behind the second roller group (5). A third roller group (7) is located behind the fiber combing roller (6). The fiber-loosening roller group (4) includes fiber-loosening rollers, and the number of fiber-loosening rollers is set to 1 to 8. The surface of the fiber-loosening roller is provided with protrusions and air holes, and the protrusions and air holes are distributed in an alternating ratio of 1 to 50:

1. The combing roller (6) is a roller with needle cloth covering its surface; the needle cloth is arranged in a reverse direction with the needle back facing forward and the needle tip facing backward.

2. The short-process spinning apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, A negative pressure zone (16) is provided in the middle of the conveyor curtain (15). The point where the cutter roller (14) is closest to the conveyor curtain (15) is the fiber cutting point (17). The fiber cutting point (17) is located above the negative pressure zone (16), so that the cut part of the fiber is adsorbed by the negative pressure. A fourth roller group (9) is provided on the rear side of the conveyor curtain (15), and the distance between the fiber cutting point (17) and the fourth roller group (9) is less than the length of the short fiber after cutting.

3. The short-process spinning apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front side of the fiber combing mechanism is also provided with a first roller group (2) and a lateral movement device (3); the lateral movement device (3) is located on the rear side of the first roller group (2) and is used to laterally move and swing the filament bundle (1) conveyed by the first roller group (2) during the conveying process.

4. The short-process spinning apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a bundler (10), which is located on the rear side of the fourth roller group (9). The bundler (10) is an axisymmetric structure with a partition design, used to group short fibers into short fiber strips (11). The fifth roller group (12) is provided on the rear side of the bundler (10), and the yarn forming unit A (13) is provided on the rear side of the fifth roller group (12). The yarn forming unit A (13) adopts one of the following: rotor spinning unit, vortex spinning unit, friction spinning unit, and ring spinning unit.

5. The short-process spinning apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fourth roller group (9) is provided with a yarn forming unit B (20) on the rear side. The yarn forming unit B (20) is one of the following: a rotor spinning unit without a feeding and combing mechanism, a vortex spinning unit without a drafting mechanism, or a friction spinning unit without a drafting mechanism.

6. A method for preparing filament yarn in one step using the short-process spinning apparatus as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Determine the number of filament bundles (1) to be fed in. The number of root bundles of filament bundles (1) ranges from 100 to 5000. S2. Select the configuration of the fiber-loosening roller and the fiber-combing roller (6) and optimize the rotation speed of the fiber-loosening roller and the fiber-combing roller (6); S3. Determine the short fiber cutting length and cutting spacing, adjust the fiber cutting tension coefficient, and optimize the negative pressure value of the negative pressure zone; S4. Select the bundler (10) to obtain short fiber strips (11). S5. Short fiber strips (11) are spun into short fiber yarns by entering yarn forming unit A (13).

7. A method for preparing yarn by one-step spinning of filament using the short-process spinning apparatus as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Determine the number of filament bundles to be fed in. The number of root bundles of filament bundle (1) ranges from 1 to 99. S2. Select the configuration of the fiber-loosening roller and the fiber-combing roller (6) and optimize the rotation speed of the fiber-loosening roller and the fiber-combing roller (6); S3. Determine the short fiber cutting length and cutting spacing, adjust the fiber cutting tension coefficient, and optimize the negative pressure value of the negative pressure zone; S4. The short fibers are directly fed into the spinning unit B (20) and spun into short fiber yarn.

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