Overpass vertical slit type fishway

Abstract

The application provides an overpass vertical slit type fishway, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection, and comprises a main fishway, a plurality of branch fishways are arranged on the main fishway, the slope of the main fishway and the plurality of branch fishways are sequentially distributed in a descending order, the number of the branch fishways is determined according to the fish species in the water area where the fishway is located, one branch fishway is arranged for each additional fish species which prefers different flow rates in the water area, and the main fishway and the branch fishways share the same fishway inlet and fishway outlet. The application fully considers the difference of swimming ability of the complex fish ecological system in the actual operation condition, and provides the migration channel with different slope and hydrological conditions for the fish with different swimming ability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection, in particular to a vertical intersection vertical slit type fishway. BACKGROUND

[0002] According to the requirements of the "Hydropower Fish Passage Facilities Design Specification" (NB / T35054-2015), the fishway slope should be between 1:10 and 1:30 (i.e. 0.03-0.1). The purpose of designing the fishway slope is to build suitable fishway pool room hydraulics conditions to attract fish to pass through the fishway pool room and successfully upstream to the dam upstream river section. The change of fishway slope causes the change of fishway internal water flow pattern and flow velocity, and then affects the fish passage effect. For example, Mao Xi et al. found in the mathematical model that the bottom slope affects the flow velocity of the conventional pool, and if the bottom slope is reduced, the flow velocity will decrease, and when the bottom slope is reduced by half, the average flow velocity of the vertical slit section is reduced to about 0.8 times.

[0003] In actual engineering cases, the fishway has many fish passage objects, and different types of fish have different swimming abilities and obvious differences in current resistance. For example, the most common fish passage objects in the fishway engineering of the rivers in the southwest of China are the four major fish, schizothoracinae, and cobitid fish. According to the existing literature records, the four major fish, schizothoracinae, and cobitid fish larvae have a sensing flow rate of 3.0, 1.67, and 3.22 BL / s, respectively, and the schizothoracinae and cobitid fish adult fish have a sensing flow rate of 1.27 and 2.09 BL / s, respectively; the four major fish, schizothoracinae, and cobitid fish larvae have an unexhausted burst swimming speed of 8.13, 9.27, and 9.61 BL / s, respectively, and the schizothoracinae and cobitid fish adult fish have an unexhausted burst swimming speed of 7.64 and 7.77 BL / s, respectively. The flow rate at the fishway inlet is generally designed to be no more than the burst swimming speed, and the flow rate in the fishway pool room is generally designed to be greater than the sensing flow rate and less than the burst swimming speed.

[0004] The flow pattern and flow rate caused by the single fishway with fixed slope are relatively single, and it is difficult to form the flow conditions suitable for different swimming abilities of fish. Therefore, some researchers have developed variable slope fishways, such as the authorized announcement No. CN213926161U (an assembled fishway with variable slope), the authorized announcement No. CN112376513B (an assembled fishway with variable slope and slope control system), the above patents are all to set a slope water channel between the upstream and downstream water areas of the river blocking building, install an assembled fishway body in the slope water channel, and suspend the fishway body through the lifting device connected by the support beam placed above the water channel, and further change the elevation and slope of the fishway body by lifting and lowering the lifting device; such as the authorized announcement No. CN114892611B (a vertical slit fishway suitable for the upstream migration of multiple target fish), each fishway pool room is provided with two bottom plates rotating around the first axis to change the slope, and a plurality of slope combination operation conditions of the fishway are constructed to dynamically adapt to the upstream migration of multiple fish at the same time. However, the above technologies are all based on the assumption of single fishway with single slope, and the change of the slope in a single fishway can only cause a single flow condition and flow rate gradient, and the stress response of different swimming abilities to the fishway hydraulic conditions when multiple fish pass through a fishway at the same time (especially the fish with weak swimming ability will have difficulty in upstream migration against the current) is not considered. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a multi-channel fishway suitable for different swimming abilities of fish, and to further accurately screen in the middle link through appropriate node screening and classification, so as to provide differentiated upstream migration channels for numerous fish, which has strong enlightenment significance for improving the fish passage efficiency of the fishway. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a vertical slit fishway, which aims to at least solve the technical problems existing in the prior art mentioned in the background.

[0006] The present application provides the following technical solutions to achieve the above-mentioned purposes:

[0007] A vertical slit fishway, comprising a main fishway, a plurality of branch fishways are arranged on the main fishway, the slope of the main fishway and the plurality of branch fishways is sequentially distributed in a descending order, the number of branch fishways is determined according to the fish species in the water area where the fishway is located, and one more branch fishway is arranged for each fish species that prefers different flow rates in the water area, and the main fishway and the branch fishways share the same fishway inlet and fishway outlet.

[0008] Furthermore, the main fishway and the branch fishway are both vertical slit fishways, the vertical slit fishway comprises a fishway bottom plate, fishway side walls are arranged on both sides of the fishway bottom plate, fishway partition plates are arranged in the fishway side walls at intervals, the fishway partition plates and the fishway side walls adjacent in front and back enclose fishway pool rooms, and a fishway resting pool is arranged every several fishway pool rooms in the vertical slit fishway.

[0009] Further, the branch fishway is connected with the fishway resting pool of the main fishway.

[0010] Further, the transport channel is arranged between the main fishway and the branch fishway and between the branch fishways, and the height of one end of the transport channel connected with the high-slope fishway is higher than the height of the other end connected with the low-slope fishway.

[0011] Further, the two ends of the transport channel are respectively connected with the fishway resting pool of the main fishway or the branch fishway.

[0012] Further, the transport channel comprises a slide, and the slide is provided with a gate at two ends, the gate is rotationally connected to the fishway side wall through a positioning pin, the end of the gate away from the positioning pin is provided with a steel wire rope, the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with a motor, the motor is arranged on a motor support platform, and the motor support platform is arranged at the top end of the fishway side wall.

[0013] Further, the end of the slide with a lower height is provided with a temporary fish pool near the position of the gate, and the temporary fish pool is arranged in a concave shape.

[0014] Further, the transport channel is further provided with a water supplement system, the water supplement system comprises a plurality of water supplement pipes arranged along the length of the transport channel, the water supplement pipes are provided with spray outlets at the gates at two ends of the transport channel, when the gate is opened, the spray outlet and the gate are arranged in opposite directions relative to the inclined direction of the slide, and the ends of the water supplement pipes away from the transport channel are commonly connected to a water pipe inlet, and the water pipe inlet extends into the upstream reservoir area of the dam.

[0015] Further, the gate is provided with a rough interface for attaching egg gravel on the side of the gate facing the fishway, and a sealing collar is arranged around the gate.

[0016] A running method of the overpass vertical slot type fishway comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1, when the fish needing upstream migration enters the inside of the fishway, the gate and the spray outlet are opened, so that the transport channel connects the main fishway and the branch fishway;

[0018] S2, based on the different swimming abilities of the fish, the fish are attracted by the water flow sprayed by the spray outlet and enter different fishways through the transport channel;

[0019] S3, the fish respectively perform upstream migration in different fishways, and finally flow into the outlet of the fishway and enter the upstream water area of the dam;

[0020] S4, when the species of the migratory fish is single, the gate is closed.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the fishway has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The application innovates the overpass type fishway. The overpass type fishway designed by the application takes the main fishway as the main body and several branch fishways as the supplement. The application fully considers the swimming ability difference of the complex fish ecological system in the actual operation condition and provides the fish with different swimming abilities with the fishway with different slope and hydraulic conditions. Specifically, the fishway inlets and outlets of the fishways are shared, the transfer channels are arranged at the appropriate rest pool positions in the fishways, the waterways between the main fishway and the branch fishways and between the branch fishways can be connected through the transfer channels or separated, the fish with insufficient swimming ability is guided to be gradually separated, the overpass type fishway mode with the accurate allocation of the fishway, the flexible insertion of the fishway route and the orderly fishway process is realized.

[0023] 2. The application creates the fish passing mode with multi-channel separation and convergence. The fish passing mode with multi-channel separation and convergence is designed according to the swimming ability of the fish. The fish with different swimming abilities is gradually separated into the fishways with different slopes and hydraulic conditions. Specifically, the fish with strong swimming ability continues to swim up along the main fishway until the fishway outlet to migrate over the dam, the fish with medium and weak swimming abilities is separated in the main fishway and enters the branch fishway A with medium slope and flow rate through the transfer channel, and the fish with the weakest swimming ability is separated into the branch fishway B with the lowest slope and flow rate through the similar way. The separated fish finally converges into the main fishway at the end of the branch fishway and then enters the upstream water body of the dam. The fish passing mode with multi-channel separation and convergence overcomes the key problem that the traditional single slope and the single hydraulic condition of the fishway restrict the migration efficiency of the fish with different swimming abilities.

[0024] 3. The application constructs the transfer channel with ecological flexibility and economy. The transfer channel is the key link between the main fishway and the branch fishway and the fish migration. When the separation and convergence are needed, the gate is lowered and connected with the slide and the temporary fish pool through the motor control steel wire rope with a certain slope. The transfer channel not only efficiently and flexibly changes the fish transfer slope, but also saves the resources of the transfer channel structure components. The temporary fish pool is arranged at the end of the slide to provide the fish with the appropriate transfer space. The fish can swim to the next branch fishway through the gate slope to complete the separation, which has high ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The general layout of the application (the water supply system is not shown);

[0026] Figure 2 The general structure of the application Figure 1(Displays the water replenishment system);

[0027] Figure 3 Overall structure of the invention Figure 1 (Water replenishment system not displayed);

[0028] Figure 4 Overall structure of the invention Figure 1 (Displays the water replenishment system);

[0029] Figure 5 Overall structure of the invention Figure 2 (Water replenishment system not displayed);

[0030] Figure 6 Overall structure of the invention Figure 2 (Displays the water replenishment system);

[0031] Figure 7 The transfer channel structure of the present invention Figure 1 (Gate opens);

[0032] Figure 8 The transfer channel structure of the present invention Figure 1 (Gate closed);

[0033] Figure 9 Partial sectional view of the fishway structure of this invention. Reference numerals: 1-Main fishway; 2-Branch fishway A; 3-Branch fishway B; 4-Transfer channel; 401-Motor support platform; 402-Gate; 403-Motor; 404-Wire rope; 405-Positioning pin; 406-Slide rail; 407-Temporary holding pond; 5-Fishway inlet; 6-Fishway outlet; 7-Fishway sidewall; 8-Fishway bottom plate; 9-Fishway partition; 10-Fishway chamber; 11-Fishway resting pond; 12-Support column; 13-Water supply system; 1301-Water pipe inlet; 1302-Water supply pipe; 1303-Water pump; 1304-Spray outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description of this application will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "up," "down," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used in the description herein is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the use herein of the terms "and / or" includes a combination of one or more of the associated listed items, in any and all permutations.

[0037] Embodiment. A vertical split-type fishway, structure reference Figures 1 to 8 , comprising a main fishway 1, a plurality of branch fishways are arranged on the main fishway 1, the slope of the main fishway 1 and the plurality of branch fishways are sequentially distributed in the order from large to small, the number of branch fishways is determined according to the fish species in the water area where the fishway is located, and one branch fishway is arranged for each additional fish species that prefers different flow rates in the water area, the main fishway 1 and the branch fishway share the same fishway inlet and fishway outlet; the main fishway 1 and the branch fishway are both vertical split-type fishways, which comprise a fishway bottom plate 8, fishway side walls 7 are arranged on both sides of the fishway bottom plate 8, fishway partitions 9 are arranged in the fishway side walls 7, fishway pool rooms 10 are enclosed by the front and rear adjacent fishway partitions 9 and fishway side walls 7, and a fishway resting pool 11 is arranged in the vertical split-type fishway every interval of a plurality of fishway pool rooms 10; the branch fishway is connected with the fishway resting pool 11 of the main fishway 1; the vertical split-type fishway of the present application takes the main fishway 1 as the main body and a plurality of branch fishways as supplements, fully considers the difference in swimming ability of the complex fish ecological system in actual operation conditions, and provides different fish species with different swimming abilities with different slope and hydrological conditions of the migration channel.

[0038] The main fishway 1 and the branch fishway, and the plurality of branch fishways are also provided with a transfer channel 4, the transfer channel 4 is arranged such that the elevation of one end of the high-slope fishway is greater than the elevation of one end of the low-slope fishway, and the two ends of the transfer channel 4 are connected with the fishway resting pool 11 of the main fishway 1 or the branch fishway; as Figure 7 and 8As shown, the left end of the higher elevation of the transfer channel 4 is connected with the fishway with high slope, and the right end of the lower elevation of the transfer channel 4 is connected with the fishway with low slope; the transfer channel 4 comprises a slide 406, and the slide 406 is provided with a gate 402 at both ends; the gate 402 is rotationally connected to the fishway side wall 7 through a positioning pin 405, and the end of the gate 402 away from the positioning pin 405 is provided with a steel wire rope 404, and the other end of the steel wire rope 404 is connected with a motor 403, and the motor 403 is arranged on a motor support platform 401, and the motor support platform 401 is arranged at the top end of the fishway side wall 7; the fishway resting pool 11 is connected with the transfer channel 4 through the gate 402, when it is needed to split and converge, the gate 402 is lowered by the motor 403 controlling the steel wire rope 404 to be connected with the slide 406 and the temporary fish pool 407, not only the part of the fishway side wall is efficiently and flexibly changed into the fish transfer slope, but also the resources of the transfer channel structure components are saved.

[0039] The lower end of the slide 406 is provided with the temporary fish pool 407 near the position of the gate 402, and the temporary fish pool 407 is arranged in a concave shape; the temporary fish pool 407 provides a temporary resting, exercising and swimming recovery environment for the transferred fish group, and provides a proper transfer space for the fish group that may lose direction after sliding.

[0040] The transfer channel 4 is further provided with a water replenishing system 13, and the water replenishing system 13 comprises a plurality of water replenishing pipes 1302 arranged along the length of the transfer channel 4, and the water replenishing pipes 1302 are provided with water outlet openings 1304 at the gates 402 at both ends in the transfer channel 4; when the gate 402 is opened, the water outlet opening 1304 is arranged in an opposite direction to the inclined direction of the gate 402 relative to the slide 406. Figure 7 As shown, the gate 402 is arranged in an inclined manner with the left side being low and the right side being high, and the water spraying angle of the water outlet opening 1304 is arranged in the same manner as the inclination angle of the gate 402; the ends of the water replenishing pipes 1302 away from the transfer channel 4 are connected to a water pipe inlet 1301, and the water pipe inlet 1301 extends into the upstream reservoir area of the dam; by arranging the inclination angle of the gate 402 when the gate 402 is opened, the water outlet opening 1304 is matched, so that the water flow sprayed from the water outlet opening 1304 flows out along the gate 402, and provides suitable upstream water flow conditions for the fish.

[0041] The gate 402 is provided with a rough interface of egg gravel bottom attached on the side facing the fishway, and the gate 402 is provided with a sealing collar around, so as to ensure the sealing property when the gate 402 is closed.

[0042] Video monitoring or sonar and other fish online monitoring equipment are arranged in each fishway rest pool 11, and the water in the temporary fish pool 407 is replaced regularly to keep the water quality up to standard. The water level in the temporary fish pool 407 should be flush with the end when the gate 402 is lowered, and the bottom of the temporary fish pool 407 is provided with an egg gravel bottom and aquatic plants.

[0043] A method for operating an overpass vertical slit type fishway, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1, when fish that need to upstream migrate enter the inside of the fishway, the gate and the outlet are opened, so that the transfer channel connects the main fishway and the branch fishway;

[0045] S2, based on the different swimming abilities of each fish, the fish are attracted by the water flow of the outlet and enter different fishways through the transfer channel;

[0046] S3, each fish migrates upstream in different fishways and finally flows into the fishway outlet into the upstream water area of the dam;

[0047] S4, when the species of migratory fish is single, the gate is closed.

[0048] Application example. This application example is aimed at the water area which includes four major carp, schizothoracinae and cobitidae at the same time. The combined structure including one main fishway 1, one branch fishway A 2 and one branch fishway B 3 is adopted. The slope of the main fishway 1 is the largest, the slope of the branch fishway A 2 is the second, and the slope of the branch fishway B 3 is the smallest. Since the fishways share one fishway inlet and one fishway outlet, when the inflow condition does not change, according to the slope relationship, the flow rate of the main fishway 1 is the largest, the flow rate of the branch fishway A 2 is the second, and the flow rate of the branch fishway B 3 is the smallest. By opening the total gate of the fishway outlet, the water quantity entering the fishway is controlled, so that the water flow in the main fishway 1, the branch fishway A 2 and the branch fishway B 3 presents different flow rates. The water flow rate of the main fishway 1 is controlled between the sensing flow rate and the burst swimming speed of cobitidae. Since the sensing flow rate and the burst swimming speed of cobitidae belong to the three types of four major carp, schizothoracinae and cobitidae, when the water flow rate of the main fishway 1 meets the migration habit of cobitidae, according to the aforementioned slope relationship, the water flow rate in the branch fishway A 2 and the branch fishway B 3 is adapted to the fish species with insufficient migration ability, that is, four major carp and schizothoracinae. At this time, the present application is operated in the following manner:

[0049] 1. Shunt preparation

[0050] All fish targets are attracted by the fish gathering conditions at the fishway inlet 5 and gradually enter the inside of the fishway. At this time, the gates 402 at the fishway rest pools 11 connecting the main fishway 1 and the branch fishway A 2, the branch fishway A 2 and the branch fishway B 3 are opened, so that the gates 402 are connected with the slides 406.

[0051] 2. Shunt implementation

[0052] All fish targets are jointly upstream in the main fishway 1 for a distance, under the same hydraulic conditions, fishway slope effect, different fish due to the difference in swimming ability will produce the initial response reaction:

[0053] ① The swimming ability of the Cobitidae fish is the strongest, and it continues to upstream along the main fishway 1 until it swims out of the fishway along the fishway 6 outlet into the upstream water area of the dam;

[0054] ② The four major fish and the weakest schizothoracis fish with the second swimming ability gather in the first fishway rest pool 11 for temporary rest after upstreaming along the main fishway 1 for a distance due to insufficient swimming ability and intolerance to the slope and flow conditions of the main fishway 1; the water pump 1303 is opened to draw the flow of the reservoir area to the uppermost part of the gate 402 slope, and the flow and flow rate of the nozzle 1304 are controlled through the water pump 1303 to create flow conditions to attract fish upstream, and the four major fish and schizothoracis fish swim along the gate 401 to the top, and then slide into the temporary fish pool 407 through the slide 406; after resting, exercising and recovering swimming ability in the temporary fish pool 407, the fish swim along the gate 402 to the branch fishway A2.

[0055] 3. Confluence implementation

[0056] ① The four major fish continue to upstream along the branch fishway A2 until they swim to the intersection of the branch fishway A2 and the main fishway 1 and enter the main fishway 1 again, and enter the upstream water area of the dam along the fishway outlet 6;

[0057] ② The weakest schizothoracis fish in the branch fishway A2 upstreams for a distance, and then gathers in the fishway rest pool 11 in the branch fishway A2 for temporary rest due to insufficient swimming ability and intolerance to the slope and flow conditions of the branch fishway A2, and enters the branch fishway B3 in a similar manner to steps ① and ② in S2, and continues to upstream along the branch fishway B3 until it swims to the intersection of the branch fishway B3 and the main fishway 1 and enters the main fishway 1 again, and enters the upstream water area of the dam along the fishway outlet 6.

[0058] 4. Conventional migration mode

[0059] When the fishway faces a single species of migratory fish with consistent swimming ability, the transfer channel 4 between the branch fishway A2 and the branch fishway B3 and between the main fishway 1 and the branch fishway A2 can be closed to restore the traditional vertical slit fishway mode with the main fishway 1 as the only migration channel. Specifically, the gate is lifted 402 by the motor 403 controlling the steel wire rope 404 to connect with the fishway side wall, and the fishway is closed by sealing the ring to block the connection between the inside and outside of the fishway.

[0060] Obviously, the above-described embodiments are only some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. The above embodiments do not limit the present application, and all changes and modifications can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any combinations, modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, and all other embodiments made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An overpass vertical slot fishway, characterized by: It includes a main fishway, which is provided with several branch fishways. The slope of the main fishway and the branch fishways is distributed in descending order. The number of branch fishways is determined according to the types of fish passing through the waters where the fishway is located. For each additional type of fish that prefers a different flow rate in the waters, one more branch fishway is provided. The main fishway and the branch fishways share the same fishway inlet and fishway outlet. Both the main fishway and the branch fishway are vertical slit fishways. The vertical slit fishway includes a fishway bottom plate, fishway side walls on both sides of the fishway bottom plate, fishway partitions at intervals in the fishway side walls, and fishway pools enclosed by adjacent fishway partitions and fishway side walls. A fishway resting pool is set up every few fishway pools in the vertical slit fishway. Transfer channels are also provided between the main fishway and the branch fishway, and between several branch fishways. The elevation of the transfer channel connecting the high-slope fishway is set higher than the elevation connecting the low-slope fishway. The two ends of the transfer channel are respectively connected to the fishway rest pool of the main fishway or the branch fishway.

2. The vertical interconnected vertical slot fishway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The branch fishway is connected to the rest pool of the main fishway.

3. The vertical interconnected vertical slot fishway according to claim 1, wherein: The transfer channel includes a slide, with gates at both ends. The gates are rotatably connected to the fishway side wall via positioning pins. A steel wire rope is installed at the end of the gate away from the positioning pin, and the other end of the steel wire rope is connected to a motor. The motor is installed on a motor support platform, which is located at the top of the fishway side wall.

4. The vertical interconnected vertical slot fishway according to claim 3, characterized in that: A temporary fish holding pond is located near the gate at the lower end of the slide, and the temporary fish holding pond is concave in shape.

5. The vertical interconnected vertical slot fishway according to claim 1, wherein: The transfer channel is also equipped with a water replenishment system, which includes several water replenishment pipes arranged along the length of the transfer channel. The water replenishment pipes are equipped with spray outlets at the gates at both ends of the transfer channel. When the gates are opened, the spray outlets and the gates are inclined in opposite directions relative to the inclination direction of the slide. The end of the water replenishment pipe away from the transfer channel is connected to the water pipe inlet, which extends into the reservoir area upstream of the dam.

6. The vertical interconnected vertical slot fishway according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gate has a rough interface with a gravel substrate on the side facing the fishway, and a sealing collar is provided around the gate.

7. The method of operating an overpass vertical slot fishway according to claim 6, wherein: Includes the following steps: S1. When fish that need to migrate upstream enter the fishway, open the gate and spray outlet to connect the transfer channel to the main fishway and the branch fishway. S2. Based on their different swimming abilities, different fish species are attracted by the water flow ejected from the nozzle and enter different fish passages through the transfer channel. S3. Each type of fish migrates upstream through different fish passages, eventually converging at the fish passage exit and entering the waters upstream of the dam. S4. When the migratory fish species are of the same type, close the gate.

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