Anti-jamming PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) bit

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-jamming PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) drill bit. The anti-jamming PDC drill bit comprises a drill bit body. The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas drilling, and particularly relates to an anti-jamming PDC drill bit. The problems of low operation efficiency, large economic loss and high safety risk caused by the drill jamming problem in a complex well hole environment are solved. The anti-jamming PDC drill bit comprises a drill bit body, PDC cutting teeth, an intelligent monitoring module, an active jamming releasing module and a power module, and the intelligent monitoring module is used for monitoring underground working conditions in real time and recognizing the jamming risk in advance through a built-in jamming judgment algorithm; the active jam releasing module relieves the drill jamming state by dynamically adjusting the position of the drill bit and pressure distribution, and has the advantages of real-time monitoring and early warning, active jam releasing, a multi-mode jam releasing strategy and adaptability to the complex well environment, economic losses and safety risks caused by drill jamming are reduced, and the working efficiency is improved. The drilling fluid is suitable for drilling operation in complex underground environments such as deep wells, ultra-deep wells and horizontal wells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas drilling, and specifically refers to an anti-sticking PDC drill bit. Background Art

[0002] Drilling engineering is a key link in the exploration and development of oil and gas resources. The drill bit is the core tool that directly contacts the formation. As oil and gas exploration develops towards complex wellbore environments such as deep wells, ultra-deep wells, and horizontal wells, the difficulty of drilling operations has increased significantly, and the frequency of drill bit stuck accidents has also increased significantly, becoming the main factor limiting drilling efficiency, increasing operating costs, and causing underground safety risks. Drill bit stuck refers to the phenomenon that the drill string cannot move normally underground. It is usually caused by factors such as well wall collapse or block drop, differential pressure drill bit stuck, and mechanical interference, resulting in operation delays, equipment damage, and even well control risks. Although traditional PDC drill bits have high wear resistance and high cutting efficiency, they still have many limitations in complex wellbores, such as lack of active unstuck capability, insufficient ability to adapt to complex wellbores, and inability to perceive underground conditions. They mainly rely on passive treatment methods such as increasing drilling fluid circulation or applying shock force on the ground, with low unstuck efficiency and unstable success rate. In recent years, intelligent technical solutions for the drill stuck problem have gradually become a research hotspot. Intelligent monitoring technology monitors the downhole working conditions in real time by integrating pressure, torque and vibration sensors, and realizes the early warning of the risk of drill stuck by combining embedded algorithms. Active jamming release technology realizes the dynamic adjustment of the drill bit position and pressure distribution by motor drive or hydraulic control. The adaptability design for the downhole high temperature and high pressure environment is also constantly improving, but the existing technology still has deficiencies in stability, jamming release efficiency and system integration. In order to overcome the above problems, the present invention proposes an anti-drill stuck PDC drill bit integrating an intelligent monitoring module and an active jamming release module, which can effectively solve the drill stuck problem by real-time monitoring of downhole working conditions, active jamming release function, complex wellbore adaptability design and multiple jamming release modes, thereby significantly improving drilling efficiency, reducing non-productive time and operating costs, and providing a reliable and efficient technical solution for the oil and gas drilling industry. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an anti-stuck drill PDC drill bit, which effectively solves the technical problems of low operating efficiency, large economic losses and high safety risks caused by drill sticking problems in complex wellbore environments in the current market. The present invention integrates an intelligent monitoring module and an active jam release module to achieve real-time monitoring of the drill bit's underground working conditions, early identification of the risk of stuck drills and active release of the stuck drill state, thereby significantly improving the efficiency and safety of drilling operations.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention proposes an anti-drilling sticking PDC drill bit.

[0005] Furthermore, the anti-stuck drill PDC drill bit of the present invention includes a drill bit body, PDC cutting teeth, an intelligent monitoring module, an active jam release module and a power supply module.

[0006] Furthermore, the intelligent monitoring module includes an integrated pressure sensor, a torque sensor, a vibration sensor, a microprocessor and a communication module, which are used to monitor the key parameters of the drill bit such as pressure, torque, vibration, etc. in real time, analyze the downhole working conditions through an embedded algorithm, determine whether there is a risk of drill bit sticking, and send a release signal after identifying the risk of drill bit sticking.

[0007] Furthermore, the active jam release module includes a motor, a ball screw mechanism, a piston and a telescopic block. The motor drives the ball screw mechanism to generate linear motion, and the piston drives the telescopic block to extend or retract along the well wall, thereby changing the contact pressure distribution or position relationship between the drill bit and the well wall, thereby releasing the stuck drill state.

[0008] Furthermore, the power module provides a stable power supply for the intelligent monitoring module and the active card release module, and adopts a high temperature and high pressure resistant design to ensure the long-term reliable operation of the module in extreme underground environments.

[0009] Furthermore, the intelligent monitoring module collects downhole pressure, torque, vibration and other data through sensors, and analyzes the data in real time in combination with the preset drill sticking judgment logic in the microprocessor. When the pressure, torque or vibration abnormalities reach the preset threshold, it is judged that there is a risk of drill sticking, and the active jamming release module is triggered to start the jamming release action. The jamming release module drives the telescopic block to periodically retract, dynamically adjust or use a combination of pressure application and pressure relief strategies through a motor to effectively adjust the drill bit position and pressure distribution, and gradually restore the free state of the drill string.

[0010] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above structure are as follows: This scheme proposes an anti-stuck PDC drill bit. The intelligent monitoring module realizes real-time monitoring of downhole conditions and early identification of stuck drill risks through integrated sensors and embedded algorithms to avoid the expansion of problems. The telescopic block can dynamically adjust the drill bit position and change the contact pressure with the well wall through the motor-driven ball screw mechanism, breaking through the limitation of traditional drill bits passively relying on ground force to release the jam. The jam release efficiency is significantly improved. It supports periodic telescopic expansion, dynamic pressure adjustment and pressure-release combination strategies, can adapt to different types of stuck drill conditions, and increase the success rate of release. The anti-stuck drill module adopts a high-temperature resistant brushless motor, a high-strength ball screw and a wear-resistant telescopic block, and can operate stably for a long time under high temperature, high pressure and complex formation conditions such as deep wells, ultra-deep wells and horizontal wells. The intelligent module transmits downhole conditions and release status data to the ground control center through mud pulse signals or wireless signals, which is convenient for ground operators to adjust drilling parameters in real time and realize coordinated control of the downhole and the ground. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an anti-drilling sticking PDC drill bit proposed by the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of an intelligent control module of an anti-stuck drill PDC drill bit proposed by the present invention;

[0013] Figure 3 A partial schematic diagram of a PDC cutting tooth of an anti-drilling sticking PDC drill bit proposed by the present invention;

[0014] Figure 4 A partial schematic diagram of a piston assembly of an anti-drilling sticking PDC drill bit proposed by the present invention;

[0015] Figure 5 This is a left view of a drill bit body of an anti-stuck drill PDC drill bit proposed by the present invention;

[0016] Figure 6 A partial schematic diagram of a ball screw mechanism of an anti-drilling sticking PDC drill bit proposed by the present invention;

[0017] Figure 7 A bottom view of an intelligent control module of an anti-stuck drill PDC drill bit proposed by the present invention;

[0018] Figure 8 A top view of an intelligent control module for an anti-stuck PDC drill bit proposed by the present invention.

[0019] Among them, 1. drill bit body; 2. PDC cutting teeth; 3. intelligent control module; 4. ball screw mechanism; 5. piston assembly; 6. high-pressure chamber.

[0020] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside” and “outside” indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1-Figure 8 As shown, the present invention provides an anti-stuck drill PDC drill bit.

[0024] Sensors are arranged at different parts of the drill bit to collect pressure, torque and vibration data. The microprocessor has a built-in drill sticking risk assessment algorithm to determine the drill sticking status based on real-time collected data. The communication module is responsible for transmitting monitoring data and jamming release status information to the ground.

[0025] The motor drives the piston to produce linear motion through a ball screw mechanism. The piston is connected to the telescopic block. The surface of the telescopic block is covered with highly wear-resistant material, which can withstand friction with the well wall under high pressure. The movement of the telescopic block includes periodic expansion and contraction and dynamic position adjustment, which is used to change the contact state between the drill bit and the well wall.

[0026] The telescopic block extends and retracts at a fixed frequency, improving the drill sticking condition through periodic disturbance.

[0027] The extension direction and pressure distribution of the telescopic block are adjusted according to the drill stuck state to perform dynamic pressure adjustment.

[0028] The stuck drill can be gradually released by continuously applying pressure and releasing pressure alternately.

[0029] The present invention realizes active response and efficient processing of stuck drill problems by integrating intelligent monitoring and active unstuck functions. Compared with traditional drill bits, the present invention can sense the downhole status in real time and unstuck autonomously, adapt to complex wellbore environments, significantly improve drilling operation efficiency and safety, and provide a reliable and efficient technical solution for the oil and gas drilling industry.

[0030] The above is the overall workflow of the present invention, and you can repeat this step next time you use it.

[0031] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0032] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0033] The present invention and its embodiments are described above, and such description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it, without departing from the purpose of the invention, they can design a structure and embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity, which should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-stuck drill PDC drill bit, characterized by: include: A drill bit body (1), a PDC cutting tooth (2), an intelligent control module (3), a jamming release drive module and a jamming release execution module, wherein: the intelligent control module (3) comprises a pressure sensor, a torque sensor, a vibration sensor, a microprocessor and a power supply module, and is used to monitor the operating state of the drill bit in real time, identify the risk of drill bit sticking, and start a jamming release mode in the drill bit stuck state; the jamming release drive module is composed of a motor and a ball screw mechanism (4) built into the drill bit body (1), and is used to convert rotational motion into linear motion of the jamming release execution module; the jamming release execution module is composed of a piston assembly (5), an elastic telescopic block and a high-pressure chamber (6), and the linear motion of the piston drives the elastic telescopic block to extend or retract along the well wall direction, and the stuck state is released by changing the contact position and pressure distribution between the drill bit and the well wall.

2. The anti-drilling PDC drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control module (3) determines whether the drill bit is in a stuck state based on real-time data from the pressure sensor and the torque sensor in combination with a dynamic threshold algorithm, wherein the stuck state determination logic includes: continuous high pressure conditions; abnormal torque fluctuations; and abnormal changes in vibration amplitude and frequency.

3. The anti-drilling PDC drill bit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The motor of the jamming release drive module adopts a brushless DC motor, which has high heat resistance and impact resistance. Its rated operating temperature can reach 200°C, and it is isolated from the mud environment in the drill bit through an independent sealed cavity.

4. The anti-drilling PDC drill bit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ball screw mechanism (4) is connected to the piston assembly (5) via a high-strength thread, and the pitch of the ball screw is designed to be self-locking so as to maintain a stable position of the piston under high-pressure conditions and prevent the telescopic block from retracting due to external pressure.

5. The anti-drilling PDC drill bit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The surface of the elastic telescopic block is covered with a wear-resistant coating, the coating material is hard alloy or ceramic-based composite material, which is used to enhance the wear resistance of the telescopic block in a high-pressure and high-speed friction environment and reduce the sliding resistance when contacting the well wall.

6. The anti-drilling PDC drill bit according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the telescopic block is extended, the jam-releasing execution module uses the hydraulic balance system inside the high-pressure chamber (6) to implement force feedback control, and dynamically optimizes the jam-releasing path by actively adjusting the contact pressure distribution between the telescopic block and the well wall.

7. The anti-drilling PDC drill bit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The intelligent control module (3) is integrated with a communication module, and sends real-time jamming release data, including pressure, torque and jamming release progress, to the ground through mud pulse signals. The ground control center can adjust the drilling operation parameters according to the data.

8. The anti-drilling PDC drill bit according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of flexible isolation chambers are arranged inside the elastic expansion block. The isolation chambers are made of elastic synthetic rubber and metal composite materials and are used to evenly distribute the well wall pressure at different positions to avoid damage to the well wall caused by local high pressure.

9. The anti-drilling PDC drill bit according to claim 8, characterized in that: The driving logic of the jam-releasing module includes multiple jam-releasing strategies: the first jam-releasing strategy is to periodically extend and retract the telescopic block to periodically disturb the stuck drill point by changing the drill bit contact pressure; the second jam-releasing strategy is to dynamically adjust the extension direction and stroke of the telescopic block; the third jam-releasing strategy is a continuous pressure-release combined operation to gradually release the stuck state.

10. The anti-drilling PDC drill bit according to claim 9, characterized in that: The intelligent module has a self-learning function. By long-term monitoring of the pressure, torque and vibration characteristics during the drilling process, an optimization model for unstuck drilling based on machine learning is established to further improve the success rate of unstuck drilling.

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