Non-liquid-injection single pressure-yielding resistance-increasing supporting column

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine supporting equipment, and discloses a non-liquid-injection single yielding resistance-increasing supporting column aiming at the problems that resistance increasing and yielding performance are difficult to consider under complex working conditions, and stability and reliability are insufficient in an existing supporting column, the non-liquid-injection single yielding resistance-increasing supporting column comprises a base, and a shell assembly is arranged on the base; a lead screw of the lifting sleeve assembly is rotationally connected with the base, a large gear assembly is coaxially arranged on the lead screw, and a sleeve is sleeved with the shell assembly in a sliding mode. A ratchet wheel assembly is arranged on the side face of the shell assembly. A pinion assembly of an output shaft of the ratchet wheel assembly is meshed with a bull gear assembly. A guide seat is arranged at the top of the sleeve, a hydraulic pillow for displaying real-time pressure is arranged in the guide seat, a yielding pipe is arranged on the hydraulic pillow, and a pressing plate and a buffer block are arranged at the top of the yielding pipe; a pipe assembly is sleeved in the guide seat, and the bottom of the pipe assembly is abutted against the top surfaces of the yielding pipe and the buffer block. Through cooperative work of all the components, resistance increasing and yielding of the supporting column are achieved, height yielding can be adjusted when the pressure is increased, stability and reliability are ensured, and the mine supporting requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine support equipment. More specifically, the present invention relates to a non-liquid-injected single-body pressure-increasing resistance support. Background Art

[0002] In underground projects such as mining and underground tunnel construction, pillars are needed to support structures such as the roof to ensure the safety of workers and the smooth progress of the project. However, traditional single hydraulic pillars have some obvious defects in practical applications. First, the weight is large. For example, the weight of a standard single hydraulic pillar can reach 82.8 kg or even higher when it is not filled with liquid. This requires workers to spend a lot of physical strength during transportation and installation, increasing the labor intensity. In some complex underground environments, the difficulty of transportation may affect the construction progress. Second, the single hydraulic pillar needs to be equipped with a liquid injection pump station, which not only increases the equipment cost, but also requires additional space to place the pump station. The maintenance of the liquid injection system is also more complicated. Once a sealing problem occurs, the maintenance cost is high. Third, the resistance-increasing performance of traditional pillars is limited. When the rated working resistance is reached, it is basically constant resistance. When the roof pressure continues to increase, the single hydraulic pillar will fail due to compression bending, and it cannot effectively control the further sinking and delamination deformation of the roof, posing a certain threat to mine safety production. In some mines with multi-coal seam mining or complex geological conditions, these problems are more prominent, and a new type of pillar is urgently needed to solve these problems. Summary of the invention

[0003] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

[0004] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a non-liquid-injected single-body pressure-releasing and drag-increasing strut is provided, comprising: a base, on which the housing assembly is disposed; A lifting sleeve assembly, wherein a lead screw is rotatably connected to the base, a large gear assembly is coaxially arranged on the lead screw, and a sleeve of the lifting sleeve assembly is slidably sleeved in the housing assembly; A ratchet assembly is arranged on the side of the housing assembly, the output shaft of the ratchet assembly is located inside the housing assembly, and a pinion assembly is coaxially arranged therewith, the pinion gear (7) of the pinion gear assembly meshing with the large gear of the large gear assembly; A guide seat, which is arranged on the top of the sleeve; A hydraulic pillow, which is arranged in the guide seat; A pressure-releasing pipe is arranged on the hydraulic pillow, a pressure plate is arranged on the top of the pressure-releasing pipe, and an annular buffer block is arranged outside the pressure plate near its outer edge; The connecting pipe assembly is sleeved in the guide seat, and the bottom of the connecting pipe assembly has two contact surfaces, which are respectively in contact with the pressure-releasing pipe and the top surface of the buffer block.

[0005] Preferably, at least one pair of first lugs is provided on the side wall of the connecting pipe assembly, and at least one corresponding pair of second lugs is provided on the side wall of the guide seat, a tensioning screw is correspondingly passed through each first lug and the second lug, a tightening nut is provided on the top thread of the tensioning screw, and a spiral spring is sleeved on the screw from its bottom to the second lug.

[0006] Preferably, a bearing is provided in the base, the lower end of the lead screw is rotatably connected to the base via the bearing, and the large gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the lead screw via a key connection.

[0007] Preferably, the buffer block comprises: A honeycomb layer, the material of which is a shape memory alloy; A plurality of carbon fiber composite tapes, the plurality of carbon fiber composite tapes are fixedly wrapped at intervals on the upper and lower surfaces of the honeycomb layer; A rubber layer, which is coated and fixed on the outer surface of the honeycomb layer and the carbon fiber composite tape; The alloy steel layer is coated and fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the rubber layer.

[0008] Preferably, the material of the honeycomb layer is a nickel-titanium-based alloy improved with copper, and the specific formula is: 50.5% nickel atomic percentage, 47% titanium atomic percentage, and 2.5% copper atomic percentage.

[0009] Preferably, the thickness of the honeycomb layer is 20 mm, and the unit structure of the honeycomb layer is a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure with a side length of 5 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the carbon fiber composite tape is made of a material composited from carbon fiber and a resin matrix, and the carbon fiber composite tape is laid crosswise at 45° and -45°, and has a width of 20 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the rubber layer is made of a composite material of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, nano-silicon dioxide and carbon nanotubes, wherein the average particle size of the nano-silicon dioxide is 20 nm, the outer diameter of the carbon nanotubes is 10-20 nm, and the length is 5-15 μm.

[0012] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: First, the non-liquid injection monomer pressure-relief and resistance-increasing pillar of the present invention is driven by a mechanical structure, and does not require a liquid injection pump station, which reduces equipment costs and maintenance complexity. Compared with traditional pillars, the weight is reduced. For example, a pillar with a height of 3.5 meters weighs only 65 kilograms, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of workers in carrying and installing. Through the unique coordination of pressure-relief pipes, hydraulic pillows, buffer blocks and other components, good resistance-increasing and pressure-relief performance is achieved, which can effectively respond to changes in roof pressure, control roof subsidence and delamination deformation, enhance support effects, and improve the safety and efficiency of mining.

[0013] Second, the tensioning screw and coil spring structure can enhance the connection stability between the connecting pipe assembly and the guide seat. Through the elasticity of the coil spring, it plays a certain buffering and regulating role when the pillar is under pressure, further improving the reliability and pressure-relieving performance of the pillar. At the same time, it is also convenient to adjust its connection status according to actual conditions.

[0014] Third, the buffer block adopts a multi-layer composite structure, using materials such as honeycomb layers of shape memory alloys and carbon fiber composite tapes to give the buffer block good elasticity and impact resistance, which can effectively buffer pressure, improve the overall pressure-yielding and compression-resistant performance of the pillar, and extend the service life of the pillar.

[0015] Fourth, the carbon fiber composite tape structure. The carbon fiber composite tapes cross-laid at 45° and -45° enhance the shear resistance and overall strength of the buffer block, improve its ability to withstand complex stresses, and further improve the reliability and pressure-yielding performance of the pillar.

[0016] Fifth, the rubber layer adopts a composite material of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, nano-silicon dioxide and carbon nanotubes, which gives the rubber layer better flexibility and strength, can effectively resist external wear and corrosion, ensure the performance of the buffer block in harsh environments, and improve the service life and stability of the pillar.

[0017] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a half-section of the side structure of the pillar according to one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Figure 2 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the ratchet assembly according to one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Figure 3 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the buffer block of one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Figure 4 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the tightening screw rod of one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of the buffer block according to one of the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0019] The accompanying drawings in the specification are as follows: base 1, housing assembly 2, screw 3, sleeve 4, large gear 5, ratchet assembly 6, small gear 7, guide seat 8, hydraulic pillow 9, pressure pipe 10, pressure plate 11, buffer block 12, connecting pipe assembly 13, first lug 14, second lug 15, tensioning screw 16, spiral spring 17, guide sleeve 18, multi-strand carbon fiber composite belt 19, rubber layer 20, alloy steel layer 21, honeycomb layer 22. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0021] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified; in the description of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a non-liquid-injected monomer pressure-yielding and drag-increasing support, comprising: A base 1, on which a housing assembly 2 is provided; The lifting sleeve assembly, whose screw 3 is rotatably connected with the base 1, is coaxially provided with a large gear assembly on the screw 3, and the sleeve 4 of the lifting sleeve assembly is slidably sleeved in the shell assembly 2; specifically, the lower end of the screw 3 is rotatably connected with the base 1 through a suitable bearing to ensure that the screw 3 can rotate smoothly and reduce friction resistance. The large gear assembly is coaxially installed on the screw 3, and a key connection can be used to make the large gear 5 rotate synchronously with the screw 3. The sleeve 4 of the lifting sleeve assembly is inserted into the shell assembly 2 to ensure that the sleeve 4 can slide up and down in the shell assembly 2 and slide smoothly. A proper amount of lubricating oil can be applied on the contact surface between the sleeve 4 and the shell assembly 2 to reduce wear.

[0023] The ratchet assembly 6 is arranged on the side of the housing assembly 2. The output shaft of the ratchet assembly 6 is located in the housing assembly 2, and a pinion assembly is coaxially arranged. The pinion 7 of the pinion assembly meshes with the large gear 5 of the large gear assembly. Specifically, the ratchet assembly 6 is composed of a ratchet, a pawl, a driving device, a bearing and a sleeve, a fastener, a seal and a spring. The close cooperation and coordinated work between these components ensure the stable and reliable operation of the ratchet assembly 6. Specifically, the meshing mode of the pinion 7 and the large gear 5 adopts an external meshing mode, which has the advantages of simple structure and high transmission efficiency. During the meshing process, it is necessary to meet the conditions of tooth matching, the same or similar module and pressure angle, and the unchanged center distance. At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to issues such as lubrication, installation and adjustment, and maintenance and maintenance. The ratchet assembly 6 is installed on the side of the housing assembly 2 to ensure that the output shaft of the ratchet assembly 6 is located in the housing assembly 2, and the pinion assembly on the output shaft is correctly meshed with the large gear 5 of the large gear assembly. Adjust the meshing clearance. Too large or too small a clearance will affect the transmission efficiency and the life of the equipment. The meshing clearance can be accurately adjusted by adjusting the installation position of the ratchet assembly 6 or using a gasket.

[0024] The guide seat 8 is arranged on the top of the sleeve 4; the hydraulic pillow 9 is arranged in the guide seat 8; the pressure-releasing pipe 10 is arranged on the hydraulic pillow 9, and a pressure plate 11 is arranged on the top of the pressure-releasing pipe 10, and an annular buffer block 12 is arranged on the outer edge of the pressure plate 11 near the outer edge thereof; specifically, the guide seat 8 is installed on the top of the sleeve 4, and the guide seat 8 can be fixed on the sleeve 4 by bolt connection. The hydraulic pillow 9 is installed in the guide seat 8, and the hydraulic pillow 9 needs to be closely matched with the guide seat 8 to ensure that no displacement occurs when under pressure. The pressure-releasing pipe 10 is installed on the hydraulic pillow 9, and a pressure plate 11 is installed on the top of the pressure-releasing pipe 10, and an annular buffer block 12 is installed near the outer edge of the pressure plate 11. The buffer block 12 and the pressure plate 11 can be bonded with glue or other suitable fixing methods to ensure that the buffer block 12 will not fall off during operation. The hydraulic pillow 9 is a hydraulic pillow 9 that displays real-time pressure. Among them, when the pressure-releasing pipe 10 is subjected to external pressure, the wall of the pressure-releasing pipe 10 will undergo elastic deformation, and absorb and buffer the pressure through its own elastic deformation, thereby achieving pressure relief; the pressure-releasing pipe 10 is in the shape of a truncated cone with a small top and a large bottom, and the diameter gradually increases downward, and the resistance provided increases accordingly, thereby achieving the effect of increasing resistance. By adapting to pressure changes through structural deformation of the pressure-releasing pipe 10, pressure relief is allowed within a certain range, ensuring that the position supported by the pillar (such as the surrounding rock) can still maintain a certain support capacity during the deformation process.

[0025] The connecting pipe assembly 13 is sleeved in the guide seat 8, and the bottom of the connecting pipe assembly 13 has two contact surfaces, which are respectively in contact with the pressure-releasing pipe 10 and the top surface of the buffer block 12. Specifically, a guide sleeve 18 is coaxially provided between the side walls of the guide seat 8 and the connecting pipe assembly 13, so that the guide seat 8 and the connecting pipe assembly 13 can slide relative to each other in the axial direction, and can also enhance the guiding effect on the connecting pipe assembly 13 and reduce deflection. Specifically, the connecting pipe assembly 13 is sleeved in the guide seat 8 to ensure that the two contact surfaces at the bottom of the connecting pipe assembly 13 are respectively in close contact with the pressure-releasing pipe 10 and the top surface of the buffer block 12. Sealing pads or buffer pads can be added to the contact surfaces to enhance the sealing performance and buffering effect to ensure that the pressure can be effectively transmitted.

[0026] In the above technical solution, first, the base 1 is placed at a predetermined position. The base 1 serves as the foundation of the entire pillar, and the housing assembly 2 thereon serves to protect and support the internal components. Then, the screw 3 of the lifting sleeve assembly is rotatably connected to the base 1 in an appropriate manner (connected by bearings), and it is ensured that the large gear assembly is coaxially fixed with the screw 3. When the large gear assembly rotates, the screw 3 rotates accordingly. The sleeve 4 of the lifting sleeve assembly can slide in the housing assembly 2, so that a certain lifting function can be achieved. The ratchet assembly 6 is installed on the side of the housing assembly 2, and the small gear assembly on its output shaft is meshed with the large gear 5 of the large gear assembly. By operating the ratchet assembly 6, the large gear 5 and the screw 3 can be driven to rotate, thereby realizing the lifting and lowering action of the sleeve 4. The guide seat 8 is installed on the top of the sleeve 4 to provide an installation position for subsequent components. The hydraulic pillow 9 is installed in the guide seat 8 to provide a buffering and support basis for the pressure tube 10. The pressure-releasing pipe 10 is installed on the hydraulic pillow 9, and the annular buffer block 12 near the outer edge of the pressure plate 11 on the top can play a role in buffering and pressure relief when under pressure. The pipe assembly 13 is sleeved in the guide seat 8, and the two contact surfaces at the bottom thereof are respectively in contact with the top surfaces of the pressure-releasing pipe 10 and the buffer block 12 to achieve overall connection and pressure transmission. When the pillar is under pressure from the top plate, etc., the pressure will be transmitted in turn through the pipe assembly 13, the pressure plate 11, the pressure-releasing pipe 10, the buffer block 12, the hydraulic pillow 9 and other components. Through the cooperation of the ratchet assembly 6, the large gear assembly and the lifting sleeve assembly, the pillar's resistance-increasing and pressure-releasing performance can be achieved. For example, when the pressure increases, the height of the pillar can be appropriately lowered by adjusting the lifting sleeve assembly to achieve the pressure relief function. At the same time, the connection and cooperation between the various components ensure the stability and reliability of the pillar.

[0027] In another technical solution, at least one pair of first lugs 14 are provided on the side wall of the connecting pipe assembly 13, and at least one pair of corresponding second lugs 15 are provided on the side wall of the guide seat 8. A tensioning screw 16 is correspondingly passed through each first lug 14 and the second lug 15, and a tightening nut is threaded on the top of the tensioning screw 16. A coil spring 17 is sleeved on the tensioning screw 16 from its bottom to the second lug 15.

[0028] Specifically, in the actual application of non-liquid-injected single-body pressure-increasing resistance pillars, the connection stability between the pipe assembly 13 and the guide seat 8 is crucial. The traditional simple connection method is prone to problems such as loose connection and displacement when the pillar is subjected to complex and variable pressures, affecting the overall performance and safety of the pillar. At the same time, when the top plate pressure fluctuates frequently, the connection part cannot effectively buffer the pressure changes, which may cause component damage and reduce the service life of the pillar.

[0029] In the above technical solution, when the pillar is under pressure, due to the change in pressure, relative displacement may occur between the pipe assembly 13 and the guide seat 8. At this time, the coil spring will be compressed or stretched, and its elasticity will be used to absorb and buffer part of the pressure, playing a certain role in pressure relief and regulation. At the same time, by adjusting the tightness of the clamping nut, the initial state and elastic force of the coil spring can be adjusted to adapt to different working conditions and pressure ranges. This structure enhances the connection stability between the pipe assembly 13 and the guide seat 8, avoids the situation of loose connection or excessive displacement between the two during long-term use, and further improves the overall performance of the pillar.

[0030] In another technical solution, a bearing is provided in the base 1, and the lower end of the lead screw 3 is rotatably connected to the base 1 through the bearing, and the large gear 5 is coaxially fixedly connected to the lead screw 3 through a key connection.

[0031] In the above technical solution, during the working process, when the lead screw 3 rotates, the bearing can effectively support the lead screw 3, making it rotate more smoothly and reducing friction resistance and wear. The key connection ensures reliable transmission between the large gear 5 and the lead screw 3, preventing the two from slipping when transmitting torque, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the lifting sleeve assembly. For example, when the ratchet assembly 6 drives the large gear 5 to rotate, the large gear 5 can stably drive the lead screw 3 to rotate, so that the sleeve 4 can be lifted and lowered. At the same time, the bearing reduces the friction between the lead screw 3 and the base 1, prolongs the service life of the entire component, and improves the reliability and work efficiency of the system.

[0032] In another technical solution, the buffer block 12 includes: The material of the honeycomb layer 22 is a shape memory alloy; specifically, a suitable shape memory alloy is selected, which should have a good shape memory effect and high strength. The alloy raw materials that meet the requirements are purchased from professional material suppliers, and the honeycomb layer 22 is customized. The honeycomb layer 22 uses a shape memory alloy, which can undergo a large elastic deformation under pressure, absorb a large amount of impact energy, and effectively buffer the top plate pressure. The cross-laying of multiple carbon fiber composite tapes 19 enhances the overall strength of the buffer block 12, making it less likely to break or deform too much when under pressure, so that the buffer block 12 can play a more stable buffering role and improve the pressure-relieving performance of the pillar.

[0033] A plurality of carbon fiber composite tapes 19, the plurality of carbon fiber composite tapes 19 are fixedly wrapped at intervals on the upper and lower surfaces of the honeycomb layer 22; A rubber layer 20, which is coated and fixed on the outer surface of the honeycomb layer 22 and the carbon fiber composite tape; The alloy steel layer 21 is coated and fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the rubber layer 20 .

[0034] Specifically, a suitable shape memory alloy is selected, which should have a good shape memory effect and high strength. The alloy raw materials that meet the requirements are purchased from professional material suppliers, and the honeycomb layer 22 is customized. High-strength carbon fibers and a resin matrix with good bonding properties are prepared. The carbon fibers are evenly impregnated in the resin matrix according to a certain arrangement, and a carbon fiber composite tape is made by a prepreg process. The width, thickness and content of the composite tape are controlled to meet the strength and performance required by the design. Rubber materials with excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance and flexibility, such as hydrogenated nitrile rubber, are selected. At the same time, additives such as nano-silicon dioxide and carbon nanotubes are prepared and mixed with rubber in a suitable proportion. Through special processing techniques, such as mixing in an internal mixer, the additives are evenly dispersed in the rubber to improve the comprehensive performance of the rubber layer 20. The honeycomb layer 22 uses a shape memory alloy, which can undergo large elastic deformation under pressure, absorb a large amount of impact energy, and effectively buffer the top plate pressure. The cross-laying of multiple strands of carbon fiber composite tapes 19 enhances the overall strength of the buffer block 12, making it less likely to break or deform excessively when under pressure, so that the buffer block 12 can play a more stable buffering role and improve the pressure-yielding performance of the pillar.

[0035] When the non-liquid-injected monomer pressure-relief and resistance-increasing pillar is working, the buffer block 12 needs to withstand the complex pressure transmitted by the top plate, while ensuring long-term and stable buffering performance. However, the traditional buffer block 12 has a single structure and poor material performance. When subjected to a large pressure shock, it is prone to problems such as poor buffering effect and structural damage, which greatly reduces the pressure-relief performance of the pillar and cannot provide reliable support for underground projects. Moreover, during long-term use, the ordinary buffer block 12 is affected by environmental factors and is prone to material aging and increased wear, which greatly shortens the service life of the buffer block 12 and increases maintenance costs and safety hazards.

[0036] In the above technical solution, during operation, when pressure acts on the buffer block 12, the honeycomb layer 22, as the basic structure, utilizes the characteristics of its shape memory alloy to be able to deform and recover within a certain range. The carbon fiber composite belt improves its shear and tensile properties. The rubber layer 20 further buffers and disperses the pressure. The alloy steel layer 21 enhances the overall compression and wear resistance, and together they realize the buffering and protection functions of the buffer block 12, providing strong support for the pressure-releasing performance of the pillar.

[0037] In another technical solution, the material of the honeycomb layer 22 is a nickel-titanium-based alloy improved with copper, and the specific formula is: 50.5% nickel atomic percentage, 47% titanium atomic percentage, and 2.5% copper atomic percentage.

[0038] In the buffer block 12 of the non-liquid-injected monomer pressure-increasing resistance pillar, the honeycomb layer 22 is a key buffer energy-absorbing component, and its material properties directly affect the overall performance of the buffer block 12. The traditional honeycomb layer 22 material has certain limitations in shape memory effect, strength, corrosion resistance, etc. For example, in a complex underground working environment, facing frequent pressure changes and corrosive environments such as moisture, acid and alkali, the ordinary honeycomb layer 22 material cannot stably play the shape memory function, resulting in a decrease in the buffer effect; insufficient strength may also cause the honeycomb layer 22 to deform or even damage when subjected to greater pressure, affecting the normal operation of the buffer block 12, and then threatening the reliability of the pillar and the safety of underground operations. In this technical solution, the nickel-titanium-based alloy itself has a good shape memory effect. After adding 2.5% copper for improvement, the phase transition temperature and memory recovery characteristics of the alloy are further optimized. After the buffer block 12 is deformed under pressure, it can return to its original shape more quickly and accurately, continuously and stably play a buffer energy-absorbing role, effectively cope with the frequently changing pressure in underground engineering, and improve the reliability and service life of the buffer block 12. The alloy structure formed by the formula of this technical solution enables the honeycomb layer 22 to have higher strength and toughness. The main components of nickel and titanium ensure the basic mechanical properties. The addition of copper refines the alloy grains, enhances the bonding force of the grain boundaries, and improves the material's resistance to deformation and fracture. When subjected to a large pressure shock, the honeycomb layer 22 is not prone to structural damage, which maintains the integrity of the buffer block 12 and ensures that the buffer block 12 can still work normally under harsh working conditions. The underground environment is complex and there are various corrosive substances. The addition of copper elements has improved the corrosion resistance of nickel-titanium-based alloys to a certain extent, so that the honeycomb layer 22 can resist chemical erosion in an environment containing humid, acidic and alkali and other corrosive media, reduce the corrosion loss of materials, extend the service life of the buffer block 12, reduce maintenance costs, and ensure that the non-liquid-injected monomer allows the pressure-enhancing resistance support to operate stably for a long time in a complex environment.

[0039] In the above technical solution, when preparing the honeycomb layer 22 of the buffer block 12, the nickel-titanium-based alloy and copper-improved material are strictly prepared according to the formula of 50.5% nickel atomic percentage, 47% titanium atomic percentage, and 2.5% copper atomic percentage. The material is processed into the required shape of the honeycomb layer 22 through a suitable metallurgical process, that is, the thickness is 20mm, the unit structure shape is a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure, the side length is 5mm, and the wall thickness is 1mm. In the subsequent use process, this material formula enables the honeycomb layer 22 to better exert the shape memory effect when it is under pressure, and to better restore the shape after the pressure is removed, providing stable buffering performance for the buffer block 12. At the same time, the formula also improves the strength and toughness of the honeycomb layer 22, making it not easily damaged under repeated pressure, ensuring the long-term stable performance of the buffer block 12, thereby providing protection for the overall performance of the pillar.

[0040] In another technical solution, the thickness of the honeycomb layer 22 is 20 mm, and the unit structure of the honeycomb layer 22 is a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure with a side length of 5 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm.

[0041] In the design of the buffer block 12 of the non-liquid-injected monomer pressure-increasing resistance pillar, the structural parameters of the honeycomb layer 22 have a significant impact on its performance. If the thickness, unit structure shape and size of the honeycomb layer 22 are unreasonable, the performance of the buffer block 12 will be unstable. For example, if the thickness is too thin, it cannot effectively buffer the pressure, and if it is too thick, it will increase the weight and cost; if the unit structure is irregular in shape or has large size deviations, the pressure distribution will be uneven, reducing the buffering effect and structural strength. In addition, inappropriate structural parameters may also affect the compatibility with other layer materials, weaken the overall reliability of the buffer block 12, and fail to meet the strict requirements of the buffering performance of the pillars in underground complex projects. In this technical solution, the thickness of 20mm provides sufficient buffer space for the honeycomb layer 22, which can effectively undergo elastic deformation and absorb a large amount of impact energy when under pressure. The regular hexagonal honeycomb structure has good mechanical stability. The design of a side length of 5mm and a wall thickness of 1mm allows the honeycomb layer 22 to evenly disperse the pressure in all directions, ensuring the consistency and stability of the buffering effect, and providing a reliable buffering foundation for the buffer block 12. The geometric characteristics of the regular hexagonal honeycomb structure enable it to have high strength while being lightweight. The appropriate side length and wall thickness ensure the structural integrity of the honeycomb layer 22, and it is not easy to collapse or break when subjected to greater pressure. This structural strength can effectively resist the impact of the top plate pressure, protect the internal structure of the buffer block 12, extend the service life of the buffer block 12, and improve the working reliability of the pillar under harsh working conditions. The precise thickness, unit structure shape and size enable the honeycomb layer 22 to better cooperate with the carbon fiber composite tape, rubber layer 20 and alloy steel layer 21 on the upper and lower surfaces. The fit between the layers of material is tighter, and during the pressure transmission process, the relative displacement and stress concentration between the layers are reduced, the overall collaborative working ability of the buffer block 12 is improved, and the comprehensive performance of the buffer block 12 is enhanced.

[0042] In the above technical solution, when the pillar is working, when pressure acts on the buffer block 12, the honeycomb structure can be deformed in a predetermined manner, and the mechanical properties of the regular hexagonal honeycomb structure are used to evenly disperse the pressure in different directions. At the same time, its wall thickness ensures the strength of the structure, so that it will not easily break or fail when subjected to a large pressure. After the pressure is removed, the honeycomb structure can return to its original state, providing the buffer block 12 with a stable and reliable pressure-releasing performance, thereby ensuring the reliable operation of the pillar under different pressure conditions.

[0043] In another technical solution, the carbon fiber composite tape is made of a composite material of carbon fiber and resin matrix. The carbon fiber composite tape is laid crosswise at 45° and -45°. The carbon fiber composite tape has a width of 20 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.

[0044] In the structure of the buffer block 12 of the non-liquid-injected monomer pressure-increasing resistance pillar, there are components to enhance the overall strength and stability. The traditional buffer block 12 lacks an effective reinforcement structure. When subjected to complex stress, the buffer block 12 is prone to deformation, delamination and other problems, resulting in a decrease in buffer performance. Moreover, when the buffer block 12 is subjected to shear forces from different directions, the ordinary structure cannot effectively resist, which reduces the reliability of the buffer block 12. In addition, the collaborative work between the layers of the buffer block 12 is also critical. If the reinforcement components do not match the materials of other layers, it will affect the overall performance of the buffer block 12 and cannot meet the high performance requirements of the underground project for the buffer block 12. In this technical solution, carbon fiber has the characteristics of high strength and low density. The carbon fiber composite belt formed by compounding with the resin matrix reduces the overall weight while ensuring the structural strength of the buffer block 12. Compared with traditional reinforcement materials, the carbon fiber composite belt is not easy to break and deform when subjected to greater pressure and tension, which effectively enhances the durability of the buffer block 12, and does not add too much burden to the pillar, thereby improving the use efficiency of the pillar. The carbon fiber composite tape is laid crosswise at 45° and -45° so that it can effectively resist shear forces in all directions. When the buffer block 12 is subjected to complex stresses from different directions, this laying method can give full play to the mechanical properties of carbon fiber, disperse stress, and prevent the buffer block 12 from being delaminated or torn due to excessive shear forces, thereby greatly improving the structural stability and reliability of the buffer block 12. The carbon fiber composite tape with a width of 20 mm and a thickness of 1 mm has a reasonable size design and can be well matched with the honeycomb layer 22, rubber layer 20 and alloy steel layer 21 of the buffer block 12. During the laying process, it can fit closely with other layers of materials, reduce the relative displacement and stress concentration between layers during pressure transmission, promote the coordinated work of each layer of materials, and improve the comprehensive performance of the buffer block 12.

[0045] In the above technical solution, during installation, the interval wrapping is fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the honeycomb layer 22. When the pillar is under pressure, this cross-laying method enables the carbon fiber composite tape to withstand shear forces from different directions, thereby improving the shear resistance and overall strength of the buffer block 12. When pressure is applied to the buffer block 12 from different directions, the carbon fiber composite tape will work together to resist the pressure, prevent the buffer block 12 from being delaminated or deformed too much, and ensure the structural integrity of the buffer block 12, thereby providing better pressure relief and support performance for the pillar.

[0046] In another technical solution, the material of the rubber layer 20 is a composite material of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, nano-silicon dioxide, and carbon nanotubes, wherein the average particle size of the nano-silicon dioxide is 20 nm, the outer diameter of the carbon nanotubes is 10-20 nm, and the length is 5-15 μm.

[0047] In the buffer block 12 of the non-liquid-injected monomer pressure-increasing resistance support, the rubber layer 20, as an important component, needs to have good buffering, wear resistance and anti-aging properties. The traditional rubber layer 20 has a single material performance. In a complex underground environment, when facing a large pressure shock, the buffering effect is not good, which easily leads to a decrease in the overall performance of the buffer block 12. Moreover, the ordinary rubber layer 20 has poor wear resistance. During long-term use, the surface is easily worn, affecting the service life of the buffer block 12. In addition, the traditional rubber layer 20 has weak anti-aging ability. Affected by environmental factors such as underground humidity and temperature changes, it is prone to aging, hardening, cracking and other problems, which reduces the reliability of the buffer block 12 and cannot meet the underground engineering requirements for high performance and long life of the buffer block 12. In this technical solution, hydrogenated nitrile rubber itself has good elasticity and buffering properties, and the addition of nano-silicon dioxide and carbon nanotubes further enhances the flexibility and energy absorption capacity of the rubber layer 20. When the buffer block 12 is subjected to pressure shock, the rubber layer 20 can more effectively undergo elastic deformation, absorb a large amount of energy, alleviate the impact of the impact force on other structures of the buffer block 12, improve the buffering effect and stability of the buffer block 12, and provide strong protection for the pressure-relieving performance of the pillar. Nano-silicon dioxide and carbon nanotubes are evenly dispersed in hydrogenated nitrile rubber to form a reinforced microstructure. This structure effectively improves the hardness and wear resistance of the rubber layer 20, so that it can resist the wear caused by friction during long-term use. Even in harsh underground environments, the surface of the rubber layer 20 is not easy to be worn, which extends the service life of the buffer block 12 and reduces maintenance costs and replacement frequency. Carbon nanotubes have excellent chemical stability and antioxidant properties. After being compounded with hydrogenated nitrile rubber, they can effectively delay the aging process of the rubber layer 20. In complex environments such as underground humidity and temperature changes, the rubber layer 20 is not prone to aging, hardening, cracking, etc., and maintains good physical properties and chemical stability, ensuring that the buffer block 12 can work reliably for a long time, and improving the overall reliability and durability of the pillar.

[0048] In the above technical solution, the rubber layer 20 is mixed and made by a suitable process, and then coated and fixed on the outer surface of the honeycomb layer 22 and the carbon fiber composite tape. During operation, the rubber layer 20 can utilize the flexibility and sealing performance of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, as well as the enhanced performance of nano-silicon dioxide and carbon nanotubes, to prevent the external environment from eroding and wearing the buffer block 12. When subjected to pressure, the rubber layer 20 can effectively buffer the pressure and disperse the pressure to the honeycomb layer 22 and the carbon fiber composite tape in the lower layer, thereby improving the overall performance of the buffer block 12 and providing better protection and support performance for the pillar in a harsh underground environment.

[0049] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes, and they can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A non-liquid-injected monomer pressure-relief and drag-increasing support, characterized in that: include: A base (1) on which a housing assembly (2) is disposed; A lifting sleeve assembly, wherein the lead screw (3) is rotatably connected to the base (1), a large gear assembly is coaxially provided on the lead screw (3), and a sleeve (4) of the lifting sleeve assembly is slidably sleeved in the housing assembly (2); a ratchet assembly (6) disposed on a side of the housing assembly (2); an output shaft of the ratchet assembly (6) being located inside the housing assembly (2) and being coaxially provided with a pinion assembly; a pinion gear (7) of the pinion gear assembly meshing with a large gear (5) of the large gear assembly; A guide seat (8) disposed on the top of the sleeve (4); A hydraulic pillow (9) disposed in the guide seat (8); A pressure relief pipe (10) is arranged on the hydraulic pillow (9), a pressure plate (11) is provided on the top of the pressure relief pipe (10), and an annular buffer block (12) is provided on the outside of the pressure plate (11) near its outer edge; A pipe connection assembly (13) is sleeved in the guide seat (8); the bottom of the pipe connection assembly (13) has two contact surfaces, which are respectively in contact with the top surface of the pressure relief pipe (10) and the buffer block (12).

2. The non-liquid-injected single-body pressure-releasing and drag-increasing strut according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one pair of first lugs (14) is provided on the side wall of the pipe assembly (13), and at least one pair of corresponding second lugs (15) is provided on the side wall of the guide seat (8). A tensioning screw 16 is correspondingly passed through each of the first lug (14) and the second lug (15), and a clamping nut is threaded on the top of the tensioning screw 16. A spiral spring (17) is sleeved on the screw from its bottom to the second lug (15).

3. The non-liquid-injected single-body pressure-releasing and drag-increasing strut according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bearing is provided in the base (1), and the lower end of the lead screw (3) is rotatably connected to the base (1) via the bearing, and the large gear (5) is coaxially fixedly connected to the lead screw (3) via a key connection.

4. The non-liquid-injected single-body pressure-releasing and drag-increasing strut according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer block (12) comprises: The honeycomb layer (22) is made of a shape memory alloy; A plurality of carbon fiber composite tapes (19), the plurality of carbon fiber composite tapes (19) being coated and fixed at intervals on the upper and lower surfaces of the honeycomb layer (22); A rubber layer (20) coated and fixed on the honeycomb layer (22) and the outer surface of the carbon fiber composite tape; The alloy steel layer (21) is coated and fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the rubber layer (20).

5. The non-liquid-injected single-body pressure-releasing and drag-increasing strut according to claim 4, characterized in that: The material of the honeycomb layer (22) is a nickel-titanium-based alloy improved with copper, and the specific formula is: 50.5% nickel atomic percentage, 47% titanium atomic percentage, and 2.5% copper atomic percentage.

6. The non-liquid-injected single-body pressure-releasing and drag-increasing strut according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the honeycomb layer (22) is 20 mm, and the unit structure of the honeycomb layer (22) is a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure with a side length of 5 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm.

7. The non-liquid-injected single-body pressure-releasing and drag-increasing strut according to claim 4, characterized in that: The carbon fiber composite tape is made of a composite material of carbon fiber and resin matrix. The carbon fiber composite tape is laid crosswise at 45° and -45°. The carbon fiber composite tape has a width of 20 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.

8. The non-liquid-injected single-body pressure-releasing and drag-increasing strut according to claim 4, characterized in that: The material of the rubber layer (20) is a composite material of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, nano-silicon dioxide, and carbon nanotubes, wherein the average particle size of the nano-silicon dioxide is 20 nm, and the outer diameter of the carbon nanotubes is 10-20 nm, and the length is 5-15 μm.

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