Mine safety micro-seismic monitoring anchor rod and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention relates to an anchor rod for mine safety micro-seismic monitoring. The anchor rod comprises an anchor head, a micro-seismic sensor, a fixing sleeve, an anchor rod body and a monitoring system. The micro-seismic sensor is fixedly mounted in the anchor head and is used for converting collected micro-seismic activity of a rock stratum into an electric signal; the fixing suite is used for fixedly connecting the anchor head with the anchor rod main body; the anchor rod main body is used for collecting and transmitting signal data collected by the microseismic sensor and providing power for the anchor rod; the anchor rod body comprises a data acquisition module, a data transmission wire, an anchor rod shell, a communication module and a power module. The invention further relates to a monitoring method using the anchor rod for mine safety micro-seismic monitoring. According to the invention, micro-seismic signals of a rock stratum can be deeply monitored, the precision of monitoring data is improved, the long-term monitoring efficiency is improved, and the effect of preventing rockburst is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine safety detection, and in particular to an anchor rod and a monitoring method for mine safety microseismic monitoring. Background Art

[0002] Anchor support technology is a common support method in tunnel excavation and underground engineering, which is beneficial to maintaining the stability of surrounding rock.

[0003] During tunnel excavation, the energy stored in the surrounding rock is released rapidly, causing the rock mass to suddenly loosen and a sudden and violent rock burst disaster to occur. Microseismic activity is usually one of the precursors of rock bursts. Before a rock burst occurs, tiny cracks will occur inside the rock mass, and these cracks will release microseismic signals.

[0004] At present, the research on the mechanism of rockburst and its monitoring and early warning of surrounding rock in deep tunnels has become an urgent issue to be solved. The complexity of the mechanism of rockburst has promoted the research on its monitoring and early warning. Microseismic monitoring, as a spatial monitoring technology of rock microfracture, plays an important role in the early warning of rockburst in underground engineering.

[0005] Anchor rods that rely on microseismic monitoring can provide early warning of rock bursts by analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of microseismic events and source parameters, so that necessary protective measures can be taken in a timely manner.

[0006] The defects of the prior art are:

[0007] Because when traditional microseismic monitoring equipment detects cracks in the rock wall, a large number of microscopic cracks have already occurred inside the rock mass. Traditional external monitoring will inevitably lag behind the microseismic activities inside the rock mass, and thus cannot play a role in preventing rock bursts. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an anchor rod and a monitoring method for microseismic monitoring of mine safety, which aims to deeply monitor the microseismic signals of rock formations, prevent rock bursts, improve the accuracy of monitoring data, and improve the efficiency of long-term monitoring.

[0009] To solve the above problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0010] The anchor bolt for mine safety microseismic monitoring includes an anchor head, a microseismic sensor, a fixing kit, an anchor bolt body, and a monitoring system, including:

[0011] The microseismic sensor is fixedly installed inside the anchor head, and the microseismic sensor is used to convert the collected microseismic activities of the rock formation into electrical signals; the fixing kit is used to fixedly connect the anchor head with the anchor rod body; the anchor rod body is used to collect and transmit the signal data collected by the microseismic sensor and provide power to the anchor rod; the anchor rod body is electrically signal coupled to the monitoring system.

[0012] Preferably, the anchor body comprises a data acquisition module, a data transmission wire, an anchor housing, a communication module and a power module, wherein:

[0013] The data acquisition module is fixedly arranged at the front end of the anchor rod body and is electrically coupled to the microseismic sensor through the data transmission wire; the data acquisition module is used to receive the electrical signal transmitted from the microseismic sensor and convert the electrical signal into a digital signal; a hole is provided inside the anchor rod body; one end of the data transmission wire is electrically coupled to the data acquisition module, and the other end passes through the hole, and then is electrically coupled to the communication module and the power module arranged at the tail of the anchor rod body in sequence; the communication module is electrically coupled to the monitoring system, and is used to receive the digital signal transmitted from the data acquisition module, and then upload it to the database of the monitoring system; the power module is used to provide power to the anchor rod; the anchor rod housing covers the outside of the anchor rod body.

[0014] Preferably, a positioning module is fixedly provided at the front end of the anchor rod body; the positioning module is electrically signal coupled to the communication module via the data transmission wire.

[0015] Preferably, a rigid spring is provided between every two adjacent modules of the microseismic sensor, the data acquisition module, the positioning module, the communication module and the power module; the data transmission wire passes through the rigid spring and is respectively coupled with the microseismic sensor, the data acquisition module, the positioning module, the communication module and the power module for electrical signal coupling.

[0016] Preferably, the outer diameter of the rigid spring is 20 mm.

[0017] Preferably, the anchor rod body is made of high-strength right-handed threaded steel; the anchor rod shell is made of high-strength right-handed threaded steel, and is used to protect the internal components of the anchor rod body.

[0018] Preferably, the anchor rod body is made of right-hand threaded steel with a diameter of 40 mm; the anchor rod body is provided with threads within a range of 100 mm to 150 mm from the end; a pad is provided at the front end of the thread; the pad is a steel plate with a thickness of 6 mm to 10 mm; after the anchor rod is embedded in the surrounding rock, the pad is fastened to the rock wall with a nut to improve the end stress of the anchor rod and extend the life of the anchor rod.

[0019] Preferably, the interior of the anchor rod body is a hollow structure; the interior of the anchor rod body is filled with a seismic buffer material for ensuring the strength of the anchor rod body and protecting the internal module of the anchor rod body from damage.

[0020] Preferably, the microseismic sensor is a piezoelectric sensor using piezoelectric material.

[0021] A method for monitoring anchor bolts using the above-mentioned mine safety microseismic monitoring is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0022] S100. The anchor head is fixedly connected to the anchor rod body through the fixing kit;

[0023] S200. Insert the anchor head into the deep layer of the rock mass in the monitoring area, determine the insertion position and direction of the anchor rod; then use professional drilling equipment to drill a hole at the selected position, ensuring that the hole diameter and hole depth meet the requirements of the anchor rod; slowly insert the assembled anchor rod into the drill hole until the anchor head reaches the predetermined deep position of the rock mass; then fix the anchor rod in the rock mass to ensure the stability of the anchor rod;

[0024] S300. Check the working status of the microseismic sensor to ensure that it has been properly installed and is in an activated state; when the rock mass moves, the microseismic sensor will capture the released vibration waves; then the microseismic sensor will convert the captured vibration waves into the electrical signal;

[0025] S400. The data acquisition module receives the electrical signal from the microseismic sensor; then the analog-to-digital converter in the data acquisition module converts the received electrical signal into the digital signal;

[0026] S500. According to monitoring requirements and rock mass characteristics, the threshold of the digital signal is manually preset; the data acquisition module determines whether the received digital signal exceeds the preset threshold; if the digital signal exceeds the threshold, the data acquisition module transmits the digital signal exceeding the threshold to the communication module;

[0027] S600. The positioning module obtains the precise position signal of the monitoring point; and then transmits the obtained position signal to the communication module;

[0028] S700. The communication module establishes a stable communication connection with the database of the monitoring system; the communication module uploads the received digital signal and the position signal to the database of the monitoring system; the database of the monitoring system receives and stores the uploaded data.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0030] 1. The present invention arranges a microseismic sensor in the anchor head of the anchor rod and inserts the anchor head into the deep layer of the rock mass, thereby being able to monitor the microseismic signals of the rock formation more deeply, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0031] 2. Since the present invention can monitor the microseismic activity inside the rock mass before the cracks occur in the rock wall, it plays a role in preventing rock bursts.

[0032] 3. Since the present invention is provided with a communication module, the staff can conveniently view the microseismic data on the anchor rod, thereby improving the efficiency of long-term monitoring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an anchor rod for microseismic monitoring of mine safety according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of an analog-to-digital converter in a data acquisition module according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Among them: 1. Anchor head; 2. Microseismic sensor; 3. Fixing kit; 4. Data acquisition module; 5. Data transmission wire; 6. Anchor housing; 7. Communication module; 8. Power module; 9. Anchor body; 10. Positioning module; 11. Thread; 12. Pad; 13. Nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, various equivalent forms of modifications to the present invention by those skilled in the art all fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to this application.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the anchor rod for microseismic monitoring of mine safety comprises an anchor head 1, a microseismic sensor 2, a fixing kit 3, an anchor rod body 9, and a monitoring system, wherein:

[0038] The microseismic sensor 2 is fixedly installed inside the anchor head 1, and is used to convert the collected microseismic activities of the rock formation into electrical signals; the fixing kit 3 is used to fixedly connect the anchor head 1 with the anchor rod body 9; the anchor rod body 9 is used to collect and transmit the signal data collected by the microseismic sensor 2 and provide power to the anchor rod; the anchor rod body 9 is coupled to the electrical signal of the monitoring system.

[0039] It should be noted that the fixing kit 3 is a nut, which is used to fix one end of the microseismic sensor 2 to facilitate the loading, unloading and twisting of the microseismic sensor 2.

[0040] It should be noted that the anchor body 9 includes a data acquisition module 4, a data transmission wire 5, an anchor housing 6, a communication module 7 and a power module 8, wherein:

[0041] The data acquisition module 4 is fixedly arranged at the front end of the anchor rod body 9 and is electrically coupled with the microseismic sensor 2 through the data transmission wire 5; the data acquisition module 4 is used to receive the electrical signal transmitted by the microseismic sensor 2 and convert the electrical signal into a digital signal; a channel is provided inside the anchor rod body 9; one end of the data transmission wire 5 is electrically coupled with the data acquisition module 4, and the other end passes through the channel, and then is electrically coupled with the communication module 7 and the power module 8 arranged at the tail of the anchor rod body 9 in turn; the communication module 7 is electrically coupled with the monitoring system, and is used to receive the digital signal transmitted by the data acquisition module 4, and then upload it to the database of the monitoring system; the power module 8 is used to provide power to the anchor rod; the anchor rod housing 6 is covered on the outside of the anchor rod body 9.

[0042] It should be noted that the analog-to-digital converter in the data acquisition module 4 samples the analog signal at a certain time interval and discretizes it into a series of discrete points. When the sampling frequency is greater than twice the highest frequency component in the analog signal, the sampled value can reflect the original analog signal. In the sampling process, in order to keep the input signal constant during a conversion process, a sample-and-hold circuit is commonly used. The input analog voltage is stored by a capacitor, and the connection between the capacitor and the input signal is closed or disconnected by a switch or a gate circuit. The quantizer converts the amplitude value of each sampling point into their corresponding digital values. Usually a set of binary digits is used to represent these discrete values. The quantized digital signal is encoded to obtain the corresponding digital output.

[0043] It should be further explained that the analog-to-digital converter should have both high anti-interference performance and high resolution and high conversion rate applications.

[0044] It should be noted that a positioning module 10 is fixedly provided at the front end of the anchor rod body 9 ; the positioning module 10 is electrically signal coupled to the communication module 7 via a data transmission conductor 5 .

[0045] It should be further explained that the positioning module 10 is used to distinguish microseismic data from different regions.

[0046] It should be noted that a rigid spring is provided between every two adjacent modules of the microseismic sensor 2, the data acquisition module 4, the positioning module 10, the communication module 7, and the power module 8; the data transmission wire 5 passes through the rigid spring and is respectively coupled with the electrical signals of the microseismic sensor 2, the data acquisition module 4, the positioning module 10, the communication module 7, and the power module 8, thereby maintaining good rigidity while ensuring that data transmission is not affected.

[0047] In this specific embodiment, the outer diameter of the rigid spring is 20 mm.

[0048] It should be noted that the anchor rod body 9 is made of high-strength right-handed threaded steel, which has good tensile strength and corrosion resistance; the anchor rod housing 6 is made of high-strength right-handed threaded steel, which is used to protect the internal components of the anchor rod body 9.

[0049] It needs to be further explained that the anchor body 9 is made of right-hand threaded steel with a diameter of 40 mm; a thread 11 is provided on the anchor body 9 within a range of 100 mm to 150 mm from the end; a pad 12 is provided at the front end of the thread 11; the pad 12 is a steel plate with a thickness of 6 mm to 10 mm; after the anchor is embedded in the surrounding rock, the pad 12 is fastened to the rock wall with a nut 13, so as to improve the end stress of the anchor and extend the life of the anchor.

[0050] It should be noted that the interior of the anchor rod body 9 is a hollow structure; the interior of the anchor rod body 9 is filled with a seismic buffer material for ensuring the strength of the anchor rod body 9 and protecting the internal module of the anchor rod body 9 from damage.

[0051] It should be noted that the interior of the anchor head 1 is a hollow structure for placing and fixing the microseismic sensor 2 .

[0052] It should be further explained that the microseismic sensor 2 is a piezoelectric sensor using piezoelectric materials, which can receive stress waves released by tiny activities of the rock mass and accurately obtain various data such as its position and frequency. The piezoelectric material can be a piezoelectric ceramic. When an external force or vibration is applied to the material, an electric charge will be generated. When the direction of the applied force or vibration is different, the electric charge will also change, and it can be used as a microseismic sensor 2. During the destruction process, the rock mass will produce cracks, expansion and other activities, and release them in the form of stress waves. The microseismic sensor 2 converts the tiny activities of the rock mass and the movement of the stratum into measurable electrical signals and converts them into digital signal processing.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, a monitoring method for anchor bolts using microseismic monitoring for mine safety is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0054] S100. The anchor head 1 is fixedly connected to the anchor rod body 9 via the fixing kit 3 .

[0055] S200. Insert the anchor head 1 into the deep layer of the rock mass in the monitoring area to determine the insertion position and direction of the anchor rod; then use professional drilling equipment to drill a hole at the selected position to ensure that the hole diameter and hole depth meet the requirements of the anchor rod; slowly insert the assembled anchor rod into the drill hole until the anchor head 1 reaches the predetermined deep position of the rock mass; then fix the anchor rod in the rock mass to ensure the stability of the anchor rod.

[0056] S300. Check the working status of the microseismic sensor 2 to ensure that it has been correctly installed and is in an activated state; when the rock mass moves, the microseismic sensor 2 will capture the released vibration waves; then the microseismic sensor 2 will convert the captured vibration waves into electrical signals.

[0057] S400. The data acquisition module 4 receives the electrical signal from the microseismic sensor 2; then the analog-to-digital converter in the data acquisition module 4 converts the received electrical signal into a digital signal for subsequent data processing and analysis.

[0058] 500. According to monitoring requirements and rock mass characteristics, the threshold of the digital signal is manually preset; the data acquisition module 4 determines whether the received digital signal exceeds the preset threshold; if the digital signal exceeds the threshold, the data acquisition module 4 transmits the digital signal exceeding the threshold to the communication module 7.

[0059] S600. The positioning module 10 obtains the precise position signal of the monitoring point; and then transmits the obtained position signal to the communication module 7 so as to be uploaded to the monitoring system together with the digital signal exceeding the threshold.

[0060] S700. The communication module 7 establishes a stable communication connection with the database of the monitoring system; the communication module 7 uploads the received digital signal and position signal to the database of the monitoring system for subsequent data analysis and processing; the database of the monitoring system receives and stores the uploaded data for subsequent analysis and use.

[0061] It should be noted that the present invention can enable the anchor to monitor the state of the surrounding rock in a certain area by setting a microseismic sensor 2 in the anchor. When the traditional microseismic monitoring equipment detects cracks in the rock wall, a large number of microscopic cracks have already occurred inside the rock mass. Traditional external monitoring will inevitably lag behind the microseismic activity inside the rock mass, which cannot prevent rock bursts. Therefore, this type of microseismic monitoring anchor that is easy to install and maintain can better solve the problems of existing monitoring technology.

[0062] In the above detailed description, various features are grouped together in a single embodiment to simplify the disclosure. This method of disclosure should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the embodiments of the claimed subject matter require more features than are clearly stated in each claim. On the contrary, as reflected in the appended claims, the invention is in a state of having less than all the features of the disclosed individual embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are hereby expressly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0063] The disclosed embodiments are described above to enable any person skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications of these embodiments are obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may also be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments given herein, but is consistent with the broadest scope of the principles and novel features disclosed in this application.

[0064] The above description includes examples of one or more embodiments. Of course, it is not possible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods for the purpose of describing the above embodiments, but it should be recognized by those skilled in the art that the various embodiments may be further combined and arranged. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims. In addition, with respect to the term "comprising" used in the specification or claims, the word is covered in a manner similar to the term "including", just as "including," is explained as a transitional word in the claims. In addition, any term "or" used in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or".

[0065] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anchor for microseismic monitoring of mine safety, characterized by: It comprises an anchor head (1), a microseismic sensor (2), a fixing kit (3), an anchor rod body (9), and a monitoring system, wherein: The microseismic sensor (2) is fixedly installed inside the anchor head (1), and the microseismic sensor (2) is used to convert the collected microseismic activities of the rock formation into electrical signals; the fixing kit (3) is used to fixedly connect the anchor head (1) with the anchor rod body (9); the anchor rod body (9) is used to collect and transmit the signal data collected by the microseismic sensor (2) and provide power to the anchor rod; the anchor rod body (9) is electrically signal coupled to the monitoring system.

2. The anchor rod for microseismic monitoring of mine safety according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The anchor rod body (9) comprises a data acquisition module (4), a data transmission wire (5), an anchor rod housing (6), a communication module (7) and a power supply module (8), wherein: The data acquisition module (4) is fixedly arranged at the front end of the anchor rod body (9) and is electrically signal coupled with the microseismic sensor (2) through the data transmission wire (5); the data acquisition module (4) is used to receive the electrical signal transmitted by the microseismic sensor (2) and convert the electrical signal into a digital signal; a hole is provided inside the anchor rod body (9); one end of the data transmission wire (5) is electrically signal coupled with the data acquisition module (4), and the other end passes through the hole, and then is electrically signal coupled with the communication module (7) and the power module (8) arranged at the tail of the anchor rod body (9) in sequence; the communication module (7) is electrically signal coupled with the monitoring system and is used to receive the digital signal transmitted by the data acquisition module (4), and then upload the digital signal to the database of the monitoring system; the power module (8) is used to provide power to the anchor rod; the anchor rod housing (6) covers the outside of the anchor rod body (9).

3. The anchor rod for microseismic monitoring of mine safety according to claim 2 is characterized by: A positioning module (10) is fixedly provided at the front end of the anchor rod body (9); the positioning module (10) is electrically signal coupled to the communication module (7) via the data transmission wire (5).

4. The anchor rod for microseismic monitoring of mine safety according to claim 3 is characterized by: A rigid spring is provided between each two adjacent modules of the microseismic sensor (2), the data acquisition module (4), the positioning module (10), the communication module (7), and the power module (8); the data transmission wire (5) passes through the rigid spring and is respectively coupled with the microseismic sensor (2), the data acquisition module (4), the positioning module (10), the communication module (7), and the power module (8) by electrical signals.

5. The anchor rod for microseismic monitoring of mine safety according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the rigid spring is 20 mm.

6. The anchor rod for microseismic monitoring of mine safety according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The anchor rod body (9) is made of high-strength right-handed threaded steel; the anchor rod housing (6) is made of high-strength right-handed threaded steel and is used to protect the internal components of the anchor rod body (9).

7. The anchor rod for microseismic monitoring of mine safety according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The anchor rod body (9) is made of right-hand threaded steel with a diameter of 40 mm; a thread (11) is provided on the anchor rod body (9) within a range of 100 mm to 150 mm from the end; a pad (12) is provided at the front end of the thread (11); the pad (12) is a steel plate with a thickness of 6 mm to 10 mm; after the anchor rod is embedded in the surrounding rock, a nut (13) is used to fasten the pad (12) to the rock wall, so as to improve the end stress of the anchor rod and extend the service life of the anchor rod.

8. The anchor rod for microseismic monitoring of mine safety according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The interior of the anchor rod body (9) is a hollow structure; the interior of the anchor rod body (9) is filled with a seismic buffer material for ensuring the strength of the anchor rod body (9) and protecting the internal module of the anchor rod body (9) from damage.

9. The anchor rod for microseismic monitoring of mine safety according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microseismic sensor (2) is a piezoelectric sensor using piezoelectric material.

10. A method for monitoring anchor bolts using the mine safety microseismic monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S100. The anchor head (1) is fixedly connected to the anchor rod body (9) via the fixing kit (3); S200. Insert the anchor head (1) into the deep layer of the rock mass in the monitoring area, and determine the insertion position and direction of the anchor rod; then use professional drilling equipment to drill a hole at the selected position, ensuring that the hole diameter and hole depth meet the requirements of the anchor rod; slowly insert the assembled anchor rod into the drill hole until the anchor head (1) reaches the predetermined deep layer position of the rock mass; then fix the anchor rod in the rock mass to ensure the stability of the anchor rod; S300. Check the working state of the microseismic sensor (2) to ensure that it is correctly installed and in an activated state; when the rock mass moves, the microseismic sensor (2) will capture the released vibration wave; then the microseismic sensor (2) converts the captured vibration wave into the electrical signal; S400. The data acquisition module (4) receives the electrical signal from the microseismic sensor (2); then the analog-to-digital converter in the data acquisition module (4) converts the received electrical signal into the digital signal; S500. According to monitoring requirements and rock mass characteristics, the threshold of the digital signal is manually preset; the data acquisition module (4) determines whether the received digital signal exceeds the preset threshold; if the digital signal exceeds the threshold, the data acquisition module (4) transmits the digital signal exceeding the threshold to the communication module (7); S600. The positioning module (10) obtains the precise position signal of the monitoring point; and then transmits the obtained position signal to the communication module (7); S700. The communication module (7) establishes a stable communication connection with the database of the monitoring system; the communication module (7) uploads the received digital signal and the position signal to the database of the monitoring system; the database of the monitoring system receives and stores the uploaded data.

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