Air inlet structure capable of reducing noise and supercharger

Abstract

The invention discloses an air inlet structure capable of reducing noise and a supercharger, and relates to the technical field of engines, the air inlet structure comprises an air inlet body and at least one bypass structure, and the air inlet body is provided with a main inner cavity; the bypass structures are fixedly connected with the outer side wall of the air inlet body and define bypass inner cavities, the outer side wall, located in the bypass inner cavities, of the air inlet body is a first outer side wall, and an airflow inlet and a plurality of airflow outlets are formed in each first outer side wall. The multiple airflow outlets and the airflow inlets are sequentially formed in the direction from the air inlet of the air inlet body to the air outlet of the air inlet body, the multiple airflow outlets and the airflow inlets communicate with the main inner cavity, and sound waves can enter the bypass inner cavity through the airflow inlets and enter the main inner cavity through the airflow outlets. Acoustic waves from the bypass lumen can destructively interfere with acoustic waves propagating in the main lumen. The noise reduction effect is achieved by improving the air inlet structure, operation and implementation are facilitated, and cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engines, and in particular to an air intake structure and a supercharger capable of reducing noise. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, in order to meet the requirements of high power and high economy of modern internal combustion engines, especially the requirements of supercharged diesel engines for transport and engineering machinery to maintain sufficient boost pressure in a wide range of speed and load to obtain satisfactory low-speed performance (economic performance and emission indicators), the matching supercharger compressor must have a wide stable working range while having high efficiency, especially at low flow rates, requiring a higher pressure ratio. In this way, the surge line of the compressor must move toward the direction of low flow. Setting an intake bypass recirculation system on the intake structure of the compressor is an effective technical measure to broaden the stable working range of the compressor at low flow rates, and it has been widely used.

[0003] With the advancement of design technology, turbochargers are constantly developing towards large flow and high pressure ratio, and the noise problem of turbochargers is becoming increasingly prominent. Excessive noise is not only a potential hidden danger for the normal operation of the equipment, but also detrimental to the normal work of the staff. A large number of studies have confirmed that the aerodynamic noise of the compressor has a high frequency and is one of the main noise sources of the turbocharger. Reducing the aerodynamic noise of the compressor can effectively reduce the overall noise of the turbocharger. One of the main ways to reduce noise is to control the noise in the propagation path of the noise. At present, the method of installing a muffler on the intake structure is mostly used to reduce noise, and there are few measures to reduce noise by changing the structure of the compressor intake structure. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an air intake structure and a supercharger capable of reducing noise, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The noise reduction effect is achieved by structurally improving the air intake structure, which is beneficial to operation and can reduce costs.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides an air intake structure capable of reducing noise, comprising an air intake body and at least one bypass structure, wherein:

[0007] The air intake body is provided with a main inner cavity;

[0008] Each of the bypass structures is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the air intake body and forms a bypass inner cavity. The outer wall of the air intake body located in each of the bypass inner cavities is a first outer wall. Each of the first outer walls is provided with an air flow inlet and multiple air flow outlets. The multiple air flow outlets and the air flow inlet are sequentially arranged along the direction from the air inlet of the air intake body to the air outlet of the air intake body. The multiple air flow outlets and the air flow inlet are all connected to the main inner cavity. Sound waves can enter the bypass inner cavity through the air flow inlet and enter the main inner cavity through each of the air flow outlets. The sound waves from the bypass inner cavity can destructively interfere with the sound waves propagating in the main inner cavity.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes at least one variable channel component, each of the bypass inner cavities is provided with one variable channel component, each of the variable channel components includes a fixed wall, a movable wall and an elastic component, the fixed wall is fixedly connected to the first outer wall and forms an adjustment chamber with an opening at one end close to the air flow inlet, the movable wall is arranged at the opening of the adjustment chamber and can close the adjustment chamber, the movable wall is arranged on the side of the air flow inlet close to the air inlet of the air inlet body, the two ends of the elastic component are respectively fixedly connected to the air inlet body and the movable wall, at least two of the air flow outlets can be connected to the adjustment chamber; the air flow in the main inner cavity can enter the bypass inner cavity from the air flow inlet and push the movable wall to move to the end away from the air flow inlet, and the movable wall can move to the end close to the air flow inlet under the elastic force of the elastic component.

[0010] Preferably, the variable channel assembly can separate the bypass inner cavity into the regulating cavity and an outer cavity, and the outer cavity is connected to both the airflow inlet and the airflow outlet away from the airflow inlet.

[0011] Preferably, the sound waves have different travel distances in at least two of the air flow outlets.

[0012] Preferably, the angles between the planes where the two inner side walls of each airflow outlet are located and the longitudinal section of the air inlet body are the same, and the angles between the planes where the inner side walls of multiple airflow outlets are located and the longitudinal section of the air inlet body are different.

[0013] Preferably, the distance of the sound wave propagating from the airflow inlet to each of the airflow outlets in the main inner cavity is d 1i The distance of the sound wave in each bypass sound transmission channel is d 2i , i is the sequence number of each bypass sound transmission channel in the direction from the air inlet of the air inlet body to the air outlet of the air inlet body, |d 2i -d 1i|=(n+0.5)λ, λ is the wavelength of the sound wave, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0014] Preferably, the wavelength of the sound wave is the wavelength of discrete single-tone noise of the compressor at a set speed, |d 2i -d 1i |=(n+0.5)λ j ,λ j is the discrete single-tone noise wavelength of the compressor at the jth set speed, j is an integer greater than 0, and j=i.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes multiple pillars, the number of the bypass structure is one, the bypass inner cavity, the airflow inlet, each airflow outlet, the adjustment cavity, and the movable wall are all annular, and at least one pillar that can be fixedly connected to the two inner walls of the airflow inlet is provided in the airflow inlet; each airflow outlet is provided with at least one pillar that can be fixedly connected to the two inner walls of the airflow outlet.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a support plate, which is arranged at the opening of the regulating chamber, with a gap between the support plate and the inner wall of the regulating chamber, the support plate is fixedly connected to the first outer wall, the support plate is arranged at the end of the movable wall away from the air inlet of the air inlet body, the support plate is arranged at the air flow inlet, and the two ends of the elastic component are respectively fixedly connected between the support plate and the movable wall.

[0017] The present invention also provides a supercharger, comprising a compressor and the air intake structure capable of reducing noise, wherein the air intake body is connected to the compressor.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0019] The present invention provides an air intake structure and a supercharger capable of reducing noise. The outer side wall of the air intake body located in each bypass inner cavity is a first outer side wall. Each of the first outer sides is provided with an air flow inlet and a plurality of air flow outlets. The plurality of air flow outlets and the air flow inlet are sequentially arranged along the direction from the air inlet of the air intake body to the air outlet of the air intake body. The plurality of air flow outlets and the air flow inlet are all connected with the main inner cavity. Sound waves can enter the bypass inner cavity through the air flow inlet and enter the main inner cavity through each air flow outlet. The sound waves from the bypass inner cavity can destructively interfere with the sound waves propagating in the main inner cavity. By arranging an airflow inlet and an airflow outlet that can connect the main inner cavity and the bypass inner cavity, sound waves can pass through the airflow inlet, the bypass inner cavity and the airflow outlet in sequence, and at the same time, the sound waves can propagate in the main inner cavity along the length direction of the air intake body, forming a plurality of sound transmission channels in the main inner cavity and the bypass inner cavity; when the sound waves in the bypass inner cavity enter the main inner cavity from each airflow outlet, they can produce destructive interference with the sound waves in the main inner cavity at the intersection of the main inner cavity and each airflow outlet, thereby realizing the noise reduction function. The present invention realizes the noise reduction effect by making structural improvements on the basis of the compressor stabilization technology, which is conducive to operation implementation and can reduce costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an air intake structure capable of reducing noise provided in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 2 An enlarged view of the variable channel assembly provided in Example 1;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of sound wave propagation capable of reducing noise provided in Example 1;

[0024] In the figure: 100, air intake structure capable of reducing noise; 1, air intake body; 101, main inner cavity; 102, air flow inlet; 103, air flow outlet; 104, air inlet; 105, air outlet; 106, flange; 2, bypass structure; 201, bypass inner cavity; 202, sealing plate 2; 203, tubular outer wall; 3, variable channel assembly; 301, fixed wall; 302, movable wall; 303, elastic component; 304, outer cavity; 305, opening; 306, sealing plate 1; 307, tubular side wall; 4, pillar; 5, support plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an air intake structure and a supercharger capable of reducing noise, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The noise reduction effect is achieved by structurally improving the air intake structure, which is beneficial to operation and can reduce costs.

[0027] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present embodiment provides an air intake structure 100 capable of reducing noise, comprising an air intake body 1 and at least one bypass structure 2, wherein: the air intake body 1 is provided with a main inner cavity 101; each bypass structure 2 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the air intake body 1 and encloses a bypass inner cavity 201, the outer wall of the air intake body 1 located in each bypass inner cavity 201 is a first outer wall, each first outer wall is provided with an air flow inlet 102 and a plurality of air flow outlets 103, the plurality of air flow outlets 103 and the air flow inlet 102 are sequentially arranged along the direction from the air inlet 104 of the air intake body 1 to the air outlet 105 of the air intake body 1, the plurality of air flow outlets 103 and the air flow inlet 102 are all connected with the main inner cavity 101, sound waves can enter the bypass inner cavity 201 through the air flow inlet 102 and enter the main inner cavity 101 through each air flow outlet 103, and the sound waves from the bypass inner cavity 201 can destructively interfere with the sound waves propagating in the main inner cavity 101. By providing an airflow inlet 102 and a plurality of airflow outlets 103 that can connect the main inner cavity 101 and the bypass inner cavity 201, sound waves can pass through the airflow inlet 102, the bypass inner cavity 201 and the airflow outlet 103 in sequence, and at the same time, the sound waves can propagate in the main inner cavity 101 along the length direction of the air inlet body 1, forming a plurality of sound transmission channels in the main inner cavity 101 and the bypass inner cavity 201; when the sound waves in the bypass inner cavity 201 enter the main inner cavity 101 from the airflow outlets 103, they can produce destructive interference with the sound waves in the main inner cavity 101 at the intersection of the main inner cavity 101 and the airflow outlets 103, thereby realizing the noise reduction function. This embodiment realizes the noise reduction effect by making structural improvements based on the compressor stabilization technology, without the need to provide a muffler, which is conducive to operation and can reduce costs.

[0030] It should be noted that the air inlet 104 of the air inlet body 1 is in a low-pressure environment, and the air outlet 105 of the air inlet body 1 is in a high-pressure environment. The airflow of the main inner cavity 101 flows from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side. By setting the airflow inlet 102 at the air outlet 105 of the air inlet body 1, the airflow can flow through the bypass inner cavity 201 through the airflow inlet 102, flow out from the airflow outlet 103 to the main inner cavity 101, and then flow to the impeller again for supercharging. From the air outlet 105 end to the air inlet 104 end of the air inlet body 1, the air pressure of multiple airflow outlets 103 gradually decreases, so that the airflow entering from the airflow inlet 102 can flow out from each airflow outlet 103 through the bypass inner cavity 201, and then flow to the impeller again for supercharging.

[0031] In this embodiment, the distance of the sound wave propagating from the airflow inlet 102 to each airflow outlet 103 in the main inner cavity 101 is d. 1i The distance of the sound wave in each bypass sound transmission channel is d 2i , i is the sequence number of each bypass sound transmission channel in the direction from the air inlet 104 of the air inlet body 1 to the air outlet 105 of the air inlet body 1, the wavelength of the sound wave is λ, λ is specifically the wavelength of discrete single-tone noise, |d 2i -d 1i |=(n+0.5)λ, n is an integer greater than or equal to 0. The sound wave enters through the main inner cavity 101, propagates in the main inner cavity 101 and the bypass inner cavity 201 respectively, and the airflow inlet 102 is used as the calculation starting point of the sound wave, and the intersection of the i-th airflow outlet 103 and the main inner cavity 101 is used as the calculation end point. The distance of the sound wave from the airflow inlet 102 to the i-th airflow outlet 103 in the main inner cavity 101 is the i-th main stroke, and the distance of the sound wave in the airflow inlet 102, the bypass inner cavity 201, and the i-th airflow outlet 103 is the i-th bypass stroke. The difference between the i-th main stroke and the i-th bypass stroke corresponding to the sound wave is an odd multiple of half the wavelength of the sound wave, forming destructive interference of the sound wave, thereby achieving noise reduction. In this embodiment, the sound wave stroke in the main inner cavity 101 is fixed. In the bypass inner cavity 201, each airflow outlet 103 is Figure 3 In the direction from right to left as shown, the sound wave propagation paths are different and continuous within a certain range, resulting in the sound wave travel distance difference corresponding to each air flow outlet 103 being continuous within a certain range. Therefore, this embodiment can have a noise reduction effect on noise within a certain wavelength range by opening each air flow outlet 103.

[0032] In the present embodiment, at least one variable channel component 3 is further included. A variable channel component 3 is arranged in each bypass cavity 201. Each variable channel component 3 includes a fixed wall 301, a movable wall 302 and an elastic component 303. The fixed wall 301 is fixedly connected to the first outer wall and forms an adjustment cavity with an opening 305 at one end close to the air flow inlet 102. The movable wall 302 is arranged at the opening 305 of the adjustment cavity and can close the adjustment cavity. The movable wall 302 is arranged on the side of the air flow inlet 102 close to the air inlet 104 of the air inlet body 1. The two ends of the elastic component 303 are fixedly connected to the air inlet body 1 and the movable wall 302 respectively, and at least two air flow outlets 103 can be connected to the adjustment cavity; the air flow in the main cavity 101 can enter the bypass cavity 201 from the air flow inlet 102 and push the movable wall 302 to move to the end away from the air flow inlet 102, and the movable wall 302 can move to the end close to the air flow inlet 102 under the elastic force of the elastic component 303. When the compressor speed changes, the pressure of the airflow entering the main inner cavity 101 changes, and the pressure at the opening 305 flowing into the regulating cavity changes. The movable wall 302 moves upward under the action of the airflow, and the upward movement changes with the change of the airflow pressure in the main inner cavity 101. The deformation of the elastic component 303 also changes, and the position of the movable wall 302 changes between the starting position and the ending position ( Figure 2 The position of the moving wall 302 in the solid line is the starting position, and the position of the moving wall 302 in the dotted line is the ending position). When the moving wall 302 is in the starting position, the air inlet 104 of the air outlet 103 is in a closed state under the sealing effect of the moving wall 302. When the moving wall 302 slides upward, the air outlet 103 opens in sequence along the axial direction of the air inlet body 1 and communicates with the adjustment chamber in sequence. This embodiment can adjust the number of air outlets 103 opened according to the pressure of the intake air flow, and can adaptively adjust the noise reduction effect.

[0033] In this embodiment, the wavelength of the sound wave is the wavelength of the discrete single-tone noise of the compressor at a set speed, |d 2i -d 1i |=(n+0.5)λ j ,λ j is the wavelength of the discrete single-tone noise of the compressor at the jth set speed, j is an integer greater than 0, and j=i. The higher the speed, the greater the pressure difference on both sides of the moving wall 302, and the higher the frequency of the discrete single-tone noise. When the moving wall 302 is pushed to slide toward the end position, the multiple airflow outlets 103 in the regulating cavity are adjusted along the direction from the air outlet 105 to the air inlet 104 ( Figure 3 The directions from left to right as shown in the figure are opened in sequence. By reasonably setting the formation of the airflow outlet 103, the frequency of the noise that can be processed by the channels corresponding to the multiple airflow outlets 103 from left to right is increased in sequence. The speed is set to high, medium and low levels as an example. When the compressor is at a low speed, Figure 3 The first airflow outlet 103 from right to left is opened to reduce the discrete single-tone noise corresponding to the low speed. When the compressor is at a medium speed, Figure 3 The second air flow outlet 103 from right to left is opened to reduce the discrete single-tone noise corresponding to the medium speed. When the compressor is at a high speed, Figure 3 The third airflow outlet 103 from right to left is opened to reduce the discrete single-tone noise corresponding to the high speed; since the stroke difference at each airflow outlet 103 is continuous, it is ensured that when the compressor speed changes within a certain range, the corresponding discrete single-tone noise will always interfere destructively. This embodiment can achieve good noise reduction effects for compressors at multiple speeds, can reduce potential hazards of normal equipment operation, and is beneficial to the normal work and life of the staff. It should be noted that the specific size settings of the stroke difference and related structures such as the airflow inlet 102 and the airflow outlet 103 can be specifically set through experiments, finite element simulations, etc.

[0034] In this embodiment, the variable channel assembly 3 can separate the bypass inner cavity 201 into an adjustment cavity and an outer cavity 304 . The outer cavity 304 is connected to both the airflow inlet 102 and the airflow outlet 103 away from the airflow inlet 102 .

[0035] In this embodiment, the paths of the sound waves in the at least two air flow outlets 103 are different.

[0036] In this embodiment, the included angles between the planes where the two inner side walls of each air outlet 103 are located and the longitudinal section of the air inlet body 1 are the same, and the included angles between the planes where the inner side walls of multiple air outlets 103 are located and the longitudinal section of the air inlet body 1 are different. For one air outlet 103, the strokes of the sound waves in the main inner cavity 101 and the bypass inner cavity 201 can be offset, so the magnitude of the stroke difference can be mainly determined by the stroke at the air outlet 103. By making the inclination angles of the inner side walls of the air outlet 103 different from each other, the strokes of the sound waves in the air outlet 103 can be made different from each other, so that Figure 3 The stroke difference between the sound waves 3, 4, 5 and the sound wave 1 is different. Figure 3 The travel of the medium sound wave 2 is also affected by the fixed wall 301, so Figure 3 The difference between the stroke of sound wave 2 and that of sound wave 1, and the difference between the stroke of sound waves 3, 4, 5 and that of sound wave 1 are all different. Therefore, sound waves 2, 3, 4, 5 and sound wave 1 have different destructive interferences, and the wavelengths of destructive interferences between the bypass sound transmission channels corresponding to the plurality of airflow outlets 103 and the sound waves in the main inner cavity 101 are different. When the position of the movable wall 302 changes, the change in the wavelength of the destructive interference sound wave can be controlled to adapt to the change in the wavelength of the discrete single-tone noise caused by the change in the rotation speed. In this way, the suppressed noise wavelength band changes with the change in the compressor rotation speed.

[0037] In this embodiment, a plurality of pillars 4 are also included, the number of the bypass structure 2 is one, and the bypass inner cavity 201, the airflow inlet 102, each airflow outlet 103, and the regulating cavity are all annular. The bypass structure 2 is a circular tubular structure, and the bypass inner cavity 201 is arranged along the circumference of the bypass structure 2. The airflow inlet 102 and each airflow outlet 103 are both annular in shape and are arranged along the circumference of the air intake body 1. At least one pillar 4 that can be fixedly connected to the two inner walls of the airflow inlet 102 is arranged in the airflow inlet 102; at least one pillar 4 that can be fixedly connected to the two inner walls of the airflow outlet 103 is arranged in each airflow outlet 103. Preferably, the upper and lower wall surfaces of the airflow inlet 102 and each airflow outlet 103 are fixedly connected by a plurality of pillars 4 that are equidistantly distributed in the circumference.

[0038] In this embodiment, a support plate 5 is also included, and the support plate 5 is arranged at the opening 305 of the regulating chamber. A gap is left between the support plate 5 and the inner wall of the regulating chamber, the support plate 5 is fixedly connected to the first outer wall, the support plate 5 is arranged at the end of the movable wall 302 away from the air inlet 104 of the air inlet body 1, and the support plate 5 is arranged at the air flow inlet 102. Specifically, the support plate 5 is arranged on the side of the air flow inlet 102 close to the air inlet 104 of the air inlet body 1, and the two ends of the elastic component 303 are respectively fixedly connected between the support plate 5 and the movable wall 302.

[0039] In this embodiment, there are four airflow outlets 103. One airflow outlet 103 far away from the airflow inlet 102 is arranged on the outside of the fixed wall 301 and is not connected to the adjustment cavity but only to the outer cavity 304. The air inlet ends of the other three airflow outlets 103 are arranged in the adjustment cavity.

[0040] In this embodiment, the fixed wall 301 includes a sealing plate 306 and a tubular side wall 307. The tubular side wall 307 is sleeved on the outside of the air intake body 1. The inner and outer sides of the sealing plate 306 are respectively fixed and sealed to the outer wall of the air intake body 1 and the tubular side wall 307; the movable wall 302 is an annular slider. The inner and outer walls of the movable wall 302 are respectively in close contact with the outer wall of the air intake body 1 and the inner side of the tubular side wall 307 and can produce relative sliding.

[0041] In this embodiment, the bypass structure 2 is composed of an integrally formed tubular outer wall 203 and sealing plates 202 disposed at both ends of the tubular outer wall 203. The lower end of the air intake body 1 is a flange 106 for connecting to the end wall of the compressor diffuser. A sealing plate 202 of the bypass structure 2 is fixedly connected to the flange 106. The tubular side wall 307 is fixedly connected to the tubular outer wall 203 by at least one pillar 4. Preferably, the two are fixedly connected by a plurality of pillars 4 equidistantly distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0042] In this embodiment, the main inner cavity 101, the flange 106, the tubular side wall 307, and the tubular outer wall 203 are coaxially arranged.

[0043] In this embodiment, the elastic component 303 is a spring, but is not limited to a spring and may also be other elastic components that can be stretched and retracted along the axial direction.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] This embodiment provides a supercharger, including a compressor and the air intake structure 100 capable of reducing noise in Embodiment 1, and the air intake body 1 is connected to the compressor.

[0046] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. An air intake structure capable of reducing noise, characterized in that: It includes an air intake body and at least one bypass structure, wherein: The air intake body is provided with a main inner cavity; Each of the bypass structures is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the air intake body and forms a bypass inner cavity. The outer wall of the air intake body located in each of the bypass inner cavities is a first outer wall. Each of the first outer walls is provided with an air flow inlet and multiple air flow outlets. The multiple air flow outlets and the air flow inlet are sequentially arranged along the direction from the air inlet of the air intake body to the air outlet of the air intake body. The multiple air flow outlets and the air flow inlet are all connected to the main inner cavity. Sound waves can enter the bypass inner cavity through the air flow inlet and enter the main inner cavity through each of the air flow outlets. The sound waves from the bypass inner cavity can destructively interfere with the sound waves propagating in the main inner cavity.

2. The air intake structure capable of reducing noise according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes at least one variable channel component, each of which is provided with a variable channel component, and each of which includes a fixed wall, a movable wall and an elastic component. The fixed wall is fixedly connected to the first outer wall and forms an adjustment chamber with an opening at one end close to the air flow inlet. The movable wall is arranged at the opening of the adjustment chamber and can close the adjustment chamber. The movable wall is arranged on the side of the air flow inlet close to the air inlet of the air inlet body. The two ends of the elastic component are respectively fixedly connected to the air inlet body and the movable wall, and at least two of the air flow outlets can be connected to the adjustment chamber; the air flow in the main cavity can enter the bypass cavity from the air flow inlet and push the movable wall to move to the end away from the air flow inlet, and the movable wall can move to the end close to the air flow inlet under the elastic force of the elastic component.

3. The air intake structure capable of reducing noise according to claim 2, characterized in that: The variable passage assembly can separate the bypass inner cavity into the regulating cavity and an outer cavity, and the outer cavity is communicated with both the airflow inlet and the airflow outlet away from the airflow inlet.

4. The air intake structure capable of reducing noise according to claim 1, characterized in that: The paths of the sound waves in at least two of the air flow outlets are different.

5. The air intake structure capable of reducing noise according to claim 1, characterized in that: The included angles between the planes where the two inner side walls of each airflow outlet are located and the longitudinal section of the air intake body are the same, and the included angles between the planes where the inner side walls of multiple airflow outlets are located and the longitudinal section of the air intake body are different.

6. The air intake structure capable of reducing noise according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distance of the sound wave propagating from the airflow inlet to each of the airflow outlets in the main inner cavity is d. 1i The distance of the sound wave in each bypass sound transmission channel is d 2i , i is the sequence number of each bypass sound transmission channel in the direction from the air inlet of the air inlet body to the air outlet of the air inlet body, |d 2i -d 1i |=(n+0.5)λ, λ is the wavelength of the sound wave, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

7. The air intake structure capable of reducing noise according to claim 6, characterized in that: The wavelength of the sound wave is the wavelength of discrete single-tone noise of the compressor at a set speed, |d 2i -d 1i |=(n+0.5)λ j ,λ j is the discrete single-tone noise wavelength of the compressor at the jth set speed, j is an integer greater than 0, and j=i.

8. The air intake structure capable of reducing noise according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes multiple pillars, the number of the bypass structure is one, the bypass inner cavity, the airflow inlet, each airflow outlet, the adjustment cavity, and the movable wall are all annular, and at least one pillar that can be fixedly connected to the two inner walls of the airflow inlet is arranged in the airflow inlet; each airflow outlet is arranged in at least one pillar that can be fixedly connected to the two inner walls of the airflow outlet.

9. The air intake structure capable of reducing noise according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a support plate, which is arranged at the opening of the regulating cavity, with a gap between the support plate and the inner wall of the regulating cavity, the support plate is fixedly connected to the first outer wall, the support plate is arranged at the end of the movable wall away from the air inlet of the air inlet body, the support plate is arranged at the air flow inlet, and the two ends of the elastic component are respectively fixedly connected between the support plate and the movable wall.

10. A supercharger, characterized in that: It comprises a compressor and the air intake structure capable of reducing noise as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the air intake body is connected to the compressor.

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