Gas flow adjusting device and dilution refrigerator

Abstract

The invention provides a gas flow adjusting device and a dilution refrigerator, and relates to the technical field of dilution refrigerators. The gas pipeline is configured to be coiled on the outer side of the supporting body in the height direction of the supporting body, and the gas pipeline is used for conveying 3He steam from the outside; and the extrusion assembly is arranged on the outer side of the gas pipeline, and the extrusion assembly is configured to extrude the gas pipeline in the width direction of the supporting body under the condition that the extrusion assembly is driven by external force so as to reduce the pipe diameter of the gas pipeline, so that the 3He steam forms 3He fluid flowing back to a mixing chamber of the dilution refrigerator after being at least partially liquefied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dilution refrigerators, and more specifically, to a gas flow regulating device and a dilution refrigerator. Background Art

[0002] Dilution refrigerators use 3 The lowest temperature of the refrigeration equipment that uses He vapor for dilution refrigeration cycle can reach the mK level. When the dilution refrigerator is started, during the dilution refrigeration cycle, 3 He vapor will be pumped out from the dilution core area to the room temperature area by the vacuum pump, and at the same time, it will be input from the room temperature area to the dilution core area, flowing in a continuous cycle. 3 When He vapor is pressed from the room temperature part of the circulation pipeline into the low temperature refrigeration circulation pipeline by the compressor pump, it will first pass through the throttling effect, 3 He vapor is initially cooled and liquefied into liquid, and the gas throttle plays a throttling role. However, the applicable temperature environment of common gas throttles is roughly -30℃. It has defects such as being unsuitable for extremely low temperature working environment, unable to flexibly adjust the size of its resistance and requiring customization. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a gas flow regulating device and a dilution refrigerator. The gas flow regulating device is suitable for the extremely low temperature working environment of the dilution refrigerator and can flexibly adjust the diameter of the gas pipeline.

[0004] The present invention provides a gas flow regulating device, comprising: a supporting body; a gas pipeline, which is configured to be coiled around the outside of the supporting body in the height direction of the supporting body, and the gas pipeline is used to transport gas from the outside. 3 He steam; an extrusion assembly, arranged on the outside of the gas pipeline, the extrusion assembly being configured to, when driven by an external force, squeeze the gas pipeline along the width direction of the support body to reduce the diameter of the gas pipeline, so that the gas pipeline 3 The He vapor is at least partially liquefied to form a mixture that flows back into the mixing chamber of the dilution refrigerator. 3 and fluid.

[0005] Optionally, two surfaces of the support body close to the extrusion assembly are respectively provided with extrusion surfaces, and the two extrusion surfaces are configured to have recesses respectively, and the two recesses provide space for the extrusion assembly to extrude the gas pipeline.

[0006] Optionally, the extrusion components have multiple groups, the recesses have multiple groups, and the multiple recesses respectively provide spaces for the extrusion components to extrude the gas pipelines.

[0007] Optionally, each group of the above-mentioned extrusion components includes: two first rod portions, which are respectively arranged on the outsides of the two above-mentioned recesses, and the two above-mentioned first rod portions extend along the height direction of the above-mentioned support body; two second rod portions, which respectively pass through the two ends of the two above-mentioned first rod portions along the width direction of the above-mentioned support body to limit the above-mentioned support body between the two above-mentioned first rod portions; two first limiting members, which are respectively arranged at one end of the two above-mentioned second rod portions; and two second limiting members, which are respectively rotatably arranged at the other ends of the two above-mentioned second rod portions to respectively adjust the positions of the two above-mentioned second rod portions between the two ends of the two above-mentioned first rod portions.

[0008] Optionally, through holes are provided at opposite ends of the two first rod portions to allow the second rod portion to pass through.

[0009] Optionally, the two second limit members are nuts, and the two second rod portions are each provided with a threaded portion, and the two nuts are respectively threadedly engaged with the two threaded portions; wherein, when driven by an external force, the two nuts drive the two first rod portions to approach each other, so as to squeeze the gas pipeline along the width direction of the support body, thereby reducing the diameter of the gas pipeline.

[0010] Optionally, the cross-section of the support body in a plane perpendicular to the height direction is any one of opposing horseshoes, ellipses, trapezoids and squares.

[0011] Optionally, the support body is made of any one of stainless steel, titanium alloy and nickel alloy.

[0012] Another aspect of the present invention provides a dilution refrigerator, comprising: a mixing chamber, wherein the mixing chamber stores a liquid located at an upper layer; 3 The He-concentrated phase and the lower 3 He dilution phase, above 3 The He-enriched phase is configured to respond to the above 3 He dilution phase 3 The concentration of He decreases to the above 3 He dilution phase compensation 3 He absorbs the surrounding heat to cool down; the evaporation chamber and the mixing chamber 3 He dilution is connected, the above evaporation chamber is used to 3 He is separated from the dilute phase 3 He steam; transmission pump set, used to 3 He steam is extracted from the evaporation chamber; the gas flow regulating device is connected between the transmission pump group and the mixing chamber, and the gas flow regulating device is used to adjust the 3 The He vapor is at least partially liquefied to form a3 and fluid.

[0013] Optionally, the gas flow regulating device is detachably connected between the transmission pump group and the mixing chamber.

[0014] According to a gas flow regulating device and a dilution refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention, a gas pipeline is coiled outside the support body in the height direction of the support body, and the gas pipeline is used to transport gas from the outside. 3 He steam, the extrusion assembly is arranged on the outside of the gas pipeline, and the extrusion assembly is driven by an external force to extrude the gas pipeline along the width direction of the supporting body. The gas flow regulating device provided by the present invention is suitable for the extremely low temperature working environment of the dilution refrigerator. The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the diameter of the gas pipeline can be flexibly adjusted, so that 3 The He vapor is at least partially liquefied to form a mixture that flows back into the mixing chamber of the dilution refrigerator. 3 and fluid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a first perspective stereoscopic diagram of a gas flow regulating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 is a second perspective stereogram of a gas flow control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 is a side view of a gas flow regulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Cross-section view in the AA direction;

[0019] Figure 5 is an overall schematic diagram of a gas heat sink according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 is a plan view of a gas heat sink according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas heat sink according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 The enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0023] Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas heat sink according to an embodiment of the present invention at another angle;

[0024] Fig.10is a simplified schematic diagram of gas flow inside a gas heat sink according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of a gas heat sink explosion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a dilution refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0028] 1. Shell; 11. Input port; 12. Output port; 13. Main body; 14. Cover; 15. Seal; 2. Guide plate; 21. First main body; 211. Through groove; 22. Expanding part; 3. Partition; 31. Second main body; 32. Partition; 321. Avoidance gap; 4. First flow channel; 5. Second flow channel; 6. Mixing chamber; 7. Evaporation chamber; 8. Transmission pump group; 9. Gas heat sink; 10. Gas flow regulating device; 101. Support body; 102. Gas pipeline; 103. First rod; 104. Second rod; 105. First limiter; 106. Second limiter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Below, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the following detailed description, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of embodiments of the present invention. However, it is apparent that one or more embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of concepts of the present invention.

[0030] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The terms "comprise", "include", etc. used herein indicate the existence of the features, steps, operations and / or components, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations or components.

[0031] All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0032] In the case of using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", it should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning of the expression generally understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.). In the case of using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, or C, etc.", it should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning of the expression generally understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.).

[0033] In order to solve the problem that the existing gas throttle is not suitable for extremely low temperature working environment and cannot flexibly adjust the size of its resistance, according to the inventive concept of one aspect of the present invention, the gas pipeline is coiled on the outside of the support body in the height direction of the support body, and the gas pipeline is used to transport gas from the outside. 3 He steam, the extrusion assembly is arranged on the outside of the gas pipeline, and the extrusion assembly is driven by an external force to extrude the gas pipeline along the width direction of the support body, so that 3 The He vapor is at least partially liquefied to form a mixture that flows back into the mixing chamber of the dilution refrigerator. 3 He fluid, the gas flow regulating device provided by the present invention is suitable for the extremely low temperature working environment of the dilution refrigerator, and can flexibly adjust the diameter of the gas pipeline.

[0034] Figure 1 is a first perspective stereogram of a gas flow regulating device according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 It is a second perspective stereoscopic image of a gas flow regulating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a gas flow regulating device is provided, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the gas pipeline 102 includes a support body 101, a gas pipeline 102 and an extrusion assembly. The gas pipeline 102 is configured to be coiled on the outside of the support body 101 in the height direction of the support body 101. The gas pipeline 102 is used to transport gas from the outside. 3 The extrusion assembly is arranged outside the gas pipeline 102, and is configured to, when driven by an external force, squeeze the gas pipeline 102 along the width direction of the support body 101 to reduce the diameter of the gas pipeline 102, so that 3 He vapor is at least partially liquefied and is separated from the unliquefied 3 He is mixed to form a flow back to the mixing chamber of the dilution refrigerator3 and fluid.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a dilution refrigerator, helium-3 ( 3 He) and helium-4 ( 4 He) mixed working fluid for refrigeration, when 3 He and 4 When the He mixture is below 0.86K, it will separate into two phases. The upper phase is the concentrated phase, and its main components are 3 He, that is 3 He solution. The lower layer is the dilute phase, the main components are 3 He and 4 He mixture, where 3 He accounts for about 6.4% to 6.6%. 3 He steam is extracted and 3 He vapor is at least partially condensed and liquefied 3 He mixed to form 3 He fluid flows back to the concentrated phase, and then passes through the interface where the concentrated phase and the dilute phase separate to form dilution refrigeration. 3 He vapor is at least partially condensed and liquefied 3 He mixed to form 3 The He fluid must be initially cooled and liquefied before flowing back to the concentrated phase of the mixing chamber of the dilution refrigerator.

[0037] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid extracted from the evaporation chamber 3 When the He steam passes through the gas pipeline 102, the extrusion assembly is driven by an external force to squeeze the gas pipeline 102 along the width direction of the support body 101, and the diameter of the gas pipeline 102 is reduced. 3 The pressure of He steam decreases as it flows through the gas pipeline 102. 3 He vapor undergoes the Joule-Thomson effect due to 3 The interatomic forces of He atoms are close to the ideal gas level. 3 The inversion temperature of He is extremely low, about 40K (-233℃). When the gas expands, the change in the force between atoms causes the change in internal energy, which in turn causes the temperature change. When the temperature is greater than 40K, the Joule-Thomson coefficient is negative. 3 When He is throttled, the temperature rises. When the temperature is less than 40K, the Joule-Thomson coefficient is positive. 3 When throttling occurs, the temperature drops. 3 He vapor is at least partially liquefied and is separated from the unliquefied 3 He mixed to form 3 and fluid.

[0038] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the height direction of the support body 101 is Figure 2 The Z direction shown in FIG. 1 is the width direction of the support body 101. Figure 2 The X direction shown in FIG. 1 is the length direction of the support body 101. Figure 2 Y direction shown in .

[0039] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gas pipeline 102 is coiled on the outside of the support body 101 in the height direction of the support body 101, and the gas pipeline 102 is used to transport gas from the outside. 3 He steam, the extrusion assembly is arranged on the outside of the gas pipeline 102, and the extrusion assembly is driven by an external force to squeeze the gas pipeline 102 along the width direction of the support body 101, so that 3 He vapor is at least partially liquefied and is separated from the unliquefied 3 He is mixed to form a flow back to the mixing chamber of the dilution refrigerator 3 He fluid, the gas flow regulating device provided by the present invention is suitable for the extremely low temperature working environment of the dilution refrigerator, and can flexibly adjust the diameter of the gas pipeline 102, and is simple to manufacture, highly reliable in use, and has a wide adjustable range.

[0040] According to an embodiment of the present invention, two surfaces of the support body 101 close to the extrusion assembly are respectively provided with extrusion surfaces, and the two extrusion surfaces are configured to have recesses respectively, and the two recesses provide space for the extrusion assembly to extrude the gas pipeline 102 .

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the two recesses provide necessary space for the extrusion assembly to extrude the gas pipeline 102, ensuring that the extrusion process proceeds smoothly, avoiding direct contact between the extrusion assembly and the support body 101, reducing mechanical interference and wear, extending the service life of the gas pipeline 102, and facilitating subsequent maintenance and replacement. The two recesses also make the extrusion pressure evenly distributed on the gas pipeline 102 along the height direction of the support body 101, preventing local stress concentration, providing protection for the gas pipeline 102, and uniform force improves the stability of the extrusion process, ensuring the consistency of the extrusion effect of the gas pipeline 102 in the height direction of the support body 101. In addition, the two extrusion surfaces have recesses respectively, which can adapt to gas pipelines 102 of different sizes, improve flexibility, and enhance the versatility of the gas flow regulating device.

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the extrusion components have multiple groups, the recesses have multiple groups, and the multiple recesses provide spaces for the multiple extrusion components to extrude the gas pipelines 102 respectively.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present invention, multiple groups of extrusion assemblies can be arranged in parallel. Arranging multiple groups of extrusion assemblies and multiple groups of recesses can ensure that the extrusion pressure is evenly distributed on the gas pipeline 102 along the length direction of the support body 101, prevent local stress concentration, provide protection for the gas pipeline 102, and uniform force improves the stability of the extrusion process, ensuring the consistency of the extrusion effect of the gas pipeline 102 in the length direction of the support body 101. Multiple groups of recesses can better limit the position of the gas pipeline 102 and the support body 101, ensuring the accuracy of the extrusion assembly extruding the gas pipeline 102. Arranging multiple groups of extrusion assemblies and multiple groups of recesses can also achieve load balancing and avoid overloading of a single component. Load balancing can extend the service life of the extrusion assembly and the support body 101.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the present invention, each group of extrusion assemblies includes two first rods 103, two second rods 104, two first stoppers 105 and two second stoppers 106. The two first rods 103 are respectively arranged on the outside of the two recesses, and the two first rods 103 extend along the height direction of the support body 101. The two second rods 104 pass through the two ends of the two first rods 103 along the width direction of the support body 101, so as to limit the support body 101 between the two first rods 103. The two first stoppers 105 are respectively arranged at one end of the two second rods 104. The two second stoppers 106 are respectively rotatably arranged at the other ends of the two second rods 104, so as to adjust the positions of the two second rods 104 between the two ends of the two first rods 103.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the two second stoppers 106 are driven by external force to adjust the positions of the two second rods 104 between the two ends of the two first rods 103, and a flow detection device can be connected to the gas pipeline 102. 3 The flow rate of He steam flowing through the gas pipeline 102 is used to obtain the deformation caused by the two first rods 103 exerting a squeezing force on the gas pipeline 102. The applied external force is, for example, 10N, and the pressure of the gas pipeline 102 is 0.2 MPa. 3 The flow rate of He steam flowing through the gas pipeline 102 is 20 ml / min.

[0046] Figure 3 is a side view of a gas flow regulating device according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Cross-section view along the AA direction.

[0047] According to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, through holes are formed at opposite ends of the two first rod portions 103 to allow the second rod portion 104 to pass through.

[0048] According to the embodiment of the present invention, one second rod 104 passes through the through holes opened at both ends (on the same side) of the two first rods 103, and the other second rod 104 passes through the through holes opened at both ends of the two first rods 103, which can effectively connect the two first rods 103, improve stability and rigidity, and the two second rods 104 are easy to install and disassemble, which is convenient for subsequent maintenance and replacement. The through holes can ensure the precise alignment of the two first rods 103 and the second rods 104, and improve the installation accuracy.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the two second stoppers 106 are nuts, and the two second rods 104 are both provided with threaded portions, and the two nuts are respectively threadedly engaged with the two threaded portions. The two nuts, when driven by an external force, drive the two first rods 103 to approach each other, so as to squeeze the gas pipeline 102 along the width direction of the support body 101, so that the diameter of the gas pipeline 102 is reduced.

[0050] According to the embodiment of the present invention, two nuts are respectively threadedly engaged with two threaded parts, and when driven by external force, the two nuts drive one first rod part 103 to slide on the two second rod parts 104, and approach the other first rod part 103 to squeeze the gas pipeline 102 along the width direction of the support body 101, so that the diameter of the gas pipeline 102 is reduced. The two second rod parts 104 are both provided with threaded parts, which provide greater freedom of movement for the sliding of the first rod part 103, and a wide adjustable range.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the present invention, by changing the number of turns of the gas pipeline 102 wound around the outer side of the support body 101 in the height direction of the support body 101, the adjustable range of the gas flow is further expanded, and the number of turns can be 5 turns, 6 turns, 7 turns, etc.

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the support body 101 in a plane perpendicular to the height direction is any one of opposing horseshoes, ellipses, trapezoids and squares.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present invention, if the cross-section of the support body 101 in a plane perpendicular to the height direction is an opposed horseshoe or opposed ellipse, the arc-shaped structure can effectively disperse stress, reduce stress concentration, and extend the life of the support body 101. It can also better fit with the gas pipeline 102 and improve space utilization. If the cross-section of the support body 101 in a plane perpendicular to the height direction is an opposed trapezoid or an opposed square, the trapezoid and the square are wider than the horseshoe or the ellipse, and can provide good support and stability for the gas pipeline 102.

[0054] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the support body 101 is any one of stainless steel, titanium alloy and nickel alloy.

[0055] According to an embodiment of the present invention, if the material of the support body 101 is stainless steel, the stainless steel can maintain good toughness and strength in an extremely low temperature working environment, and also has good corrosion resistance and low cost. If the material of the support body 101 is titanium alloy, the titanium alloy can maintain good toughness and strength in an extremely low temperature working environment, and the thermal conductivity of the titanium alloy is low, which can reduce heat conduction and maintain the ambient temperature. At the same time, the titanium alloy has low density but high strength, which helps to reduce the overall weight and maintain structural strength. If the material of the support body 101 is nickel alloy, the nickel alloy can maintain excellent toughness and strength in an extremely low temperature working environment, and the nickel alloy has excellent corrosion resistance.

[0056] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a dilution refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] According to another embodiment of the present invention, Fig.12 As shown, a dilution refrigerator is provided, including a mixing chamber 6, an evaporation chamber 7, a transmission pump group 8 and a gas flow regulating device 10. The mixing chamber 6 stores the gas located at the upper layer. 3 The He-concentrated phase and the lower 3 He dilution phase, 3 The He-enriched phase is configured to respond to 3 He dilution phase 3 The concentration of He decreases to 3 He dilution phase compensation 3 He also absorbs ambient heat to perform cooling. 3 He dilution is connected, and the evaporation chamber 7 is used to 3 He is separated from the dilute phase 3 He steam. The transmission pump group 8 is used to transfer 3 He vapor is extracted from the evaporation chamber 7. The gas flow regulating device 10 is connected between the transmission pump group 8 and the mixing chamber 6. The gas flow regulating device 10 is used to 3 He vapor is at least partially liquefied and is separated from the unliquefied 3 He is mixed to form a flow back to the mixing chamber 6 3 and fluid.

[0058] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a gas heat sink 9 may be provided between the transmission pump group 8 and the gas flow regulating device 10. The gas heat sink 9 is used to receive the gas from the transmission pump group 8. 3 He steam, and 3 The gas flow control device 10 pre-cools the He steam.3 He steam is throttled adiabatically to make the 3 He vapor is at least partially liquefied and is separated from the unliquefied 3 He mixed, forming a flow back to the mixing chamber 6 3 and fluid.

[0059] Figure 5 is an overall schematic diagram of a gas heat sink according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 is a schematic plan view of a gas heat sink according to an embodiment of the present invention, with the cover removed. Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas heat sink according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 yes Figure 7 The enlarged view of point B in the middle. Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas heat sink according to an embodiment of the present invention at another angle, Fig.10 FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of gas flow inside a gas heat sink according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the dilution refrigerator further comprises a gas heat sink 9, such as Figures 5 to 10 As shown, it includes a shell 1, a plurality of guide plates 2 and a plurality of partitions 3. An input port 11 and an output port 12 connected to the outside are provided at opposite ends of the shell 1. A plurality of guide plates 2 are arranged in the shell 1 at intervals along the height direction of the shell 1, and a plurality of through grooves 211 extending along the length direction of the shell 1 are provided on the guide plates 2. Each guide plate 2 is sandwiched between two adjacent partitions 3, and is suitable for blocking the middle part of the through groove 211 to form a first flow channel 4. The side wall of the partition 3 facing the input port 11 and the guide plate 2 define a second flow channel 5 connected to the input port 11, and the first flow channel 4 is connected to the second flow channel 5. Among them, the second flow channel 5 is configured to guide the gas input from the input port 11 to enter the plurality of first flow channels 4 after multiple diffusions along the height direction, and the shell 1 is configured to exchange heat with the gas through the guide plates 2 and the partitions 3, and transfer the heat to the external cold source.

[0061] In such an embodiment, the shell 1 is a sealed shell, and the gas carrying more heat enters from the input port 11, contacts and exchanges heat with the guide plate 2 and the partition 3, and then outputs the cooling gas through the output port 12. The heat of the guide plate 2 and the partition 3 is transferred to the external cold source through the contact heat exchange with the shell 1, so as to achieve continuous cooling of the gas. Specifically, inside the shell 1, the guide plates 2 and the partitions 3 are alternately stacked in the height direction, and a plurality of through grooves 211 are provided on the guide plate 2. The two partitions 3 adjacent to the guide plate 2 block the middle part of the through grooves 211 to form a first flow channel 4; at the same time, the side wall facing the partition 3 and the input port 11, and the second flow channel 5 defined by the guide plate 2 and connected to the input port 11 are irregularly shaped flow channels, such as Figure 6As shown, the input gas can be guided to enter multiple first flow channels 4 through the ends of the through grooves 211 that are not blocked by the partitions 3 after multiple diffusions in the height direction. In this way, not only the multiple first flow channels 4 are utilized to reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channels and the thickness of the boundary layer, but also the diffusion range of the gas is effectively improved, the heat exchange area is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.

[0062] Further, in the dilution refrigerator, the gas heat sink 9 is used to 3 He steam is pre-cooled and other heat exchangers are used to 3 The continuous multi-stage heat exchange of He fluid not only increases the number of heat exchange stages on the original basis, but also improves the heat exchange efficiency through structural optimization, further reducing 3 The heat carried by the He fluid when it returns to the mixing chamber 6.

[0063] In an embodiment of the present invention, the materials of the guide plate 2, the partition plate 3 and the shell 1 include but are not limited to copper. In the extremely low temperature field such as dilution refrigerator, oxygen-free copper is preferably used to obtain higher stability and thermal conductivity.

[0064] In some other embodiments, the thickness of the guide plate 2 is greater than the thickness of the partition plate 3 to reduce 3 The resistance of He steam to flow in the first flow channel 4.

[0065] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of a gas heat sink explosion according to an embodiment of the present invention, mainly showing a guide plate and a partition.

[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, Figures 8 to 11 As shown, the guide plate 2 has a first main body portion 21 forming a through groove 211, and a through groove 211 extending from the first main body portion 21 to both sides along the length direction to form a diffuser or converger along the width direction. 3 The expanded portion 22 for He steam.

[0067] In this embodiment, the first main body 21 of the guide plate 2 is configured as a rectangular plate, and a plurality of through slots 211 extending along the length direction are provided on the rectangular plate. The flared portion 22 extends from the first main body 21 to both sides along the length direction, and the side close to the input port 11 is used to guide the input 3 He vapor diffuses along the width direction, and the side near the output port 12 is used to guide 3 The He vapor converges toward the output port 12 along the width direction.

[0068] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flared portions 22 are configured to extend from two opposite sides of the first main body portion 21 in the width direction respectively along the length direction and approach each other to form a flared structure at the ends.

[0069] In this embodiment, the first main body 21, i.e., the side of the rectangular plate close to the input port 11, is used as an example for explanation. The flared portion 22 extends from the two opposite sides of the rectangular plate in the width direction, i.e., a set of longer sides, respectively, along the length direction, and then approaches each other in the width direction, and cooperates at the end to form a flared structure, so that 3 After entering from the input port 11, the He steam can diffuse in the width direction. Based on the same principle, the expansion portion 22 of the rectangular plate near the output port 12 has the same structure, which is suitable for guiding the heat exchange cooling. 3 The He steam gradually converges to the output port 12 along the width direction.

[0070] According to an embodiment of the present invention, Figures 8 to 11 As shown, the partition plate 3 has a second main body portion 31 for enclosing the through groove 211 , and a partition portion 32 extending from the second main body portion 31 to both sides along the length direction for enclosing the flared portion 22 to form a flared flow channel.

[0071] In such an embodiment, the second main body 31 of the partition plate 3 is also constructed as a rectangular plate. The rectangular plate is a solid structure, and its length is less than the length of the through groove 211. It is located approximately in the middle of the through groove 211 to leave two ends for the first flow channel 4 and the second flow channel 5 to communicate. The partitioning parts 32 extend from the longer side edges of the rectangular plate in the length direction to the same length as the flared part 22, and then approach and combine with each other in the width direction to separate the flared parts 22 of the adjacent flow channel plates 2 in the height direction to form an independent flared flow channel, which is beneficial to 3 He vapor diffuses in the height direction.

[0072] Further according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 and Fig.11 As shown, the partition 32 is provided with an avoidance notch 321, which is arranged opposite to the input port 11 in the width direction, and is suitable for reducing 3 And the resistance during steam input.

[0073] In this embodiment, the avoidance notch 321 leaves a distance between the side wall of the partition 32 facing the input port 11 and the input port 11, thereby avoiding 3 He steam directly impacts the side wall, resulting in excessive resistance and accumulation at the input port 11. However, the avoidance notch 321 does not disconnect the partition 32, and still maintains the expansion flow channel formed with the expansion portion 22.

[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, the input port 11 is disposed opposite to the flared portion 22 in the width direction.

[0075] In such an embodiment, the input port 11 and the flared portion 22 are arranged opposite to each other in the width direction, which is beneficial to3 He steam input. More specifically, Figure 2 As shown, the input port 11 and the expanded portion 22 are located on the symmetry axis of the housing 1 along the length direction.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, Fig.11 As shown, a plurality of through slots 211 are distributed at intervals along the width direction.

[0077] In this embodiment, the plurality of through grooves 211 extend in the length direction and are arranged at intervals in the width direction to cooperate with the partition plate 3 to form a densely arranged first flow channel 4. 3 He vapor enters the shell 1 from the input port 11, and after multiple diffusions, fully exchanges heat with the guide plate 2 and the partition plate 3 through the multiple first flow channels 4, and is discharged through the output port 12 after heat exchange. The heat accumulated in the shell 1, the guide plate 2 and the partition plate 3 is taken away by an external cold source, and the selection of the external cold source depends on the application scenario of the gas heat sink 9, for example, it can be a flowing low-temperature liquid working medium.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the housing 1 includes a main body 13 and a cover 14. The main body 13 is formed with a receiving cavity, and the guide plate 2 and the partition plate 3 are arranged in the receiving cavity. The cover 14 is buckled on the main body 13 to close the receiving cavity.

[0079] In such an embodiment, the guide plates 2 and the partition plates 3 are alternately stacked in the accommodating cavity, and the shape of the accommodating cavity is substantially the same as that of the guide plates 2 and the partition plates 3, so that the guide plates 2 and the partition plates 3 can be stably embedded in the accommodating cavity without the aid of a connecting component. In some optional embodiments, the guide plates 2, the partition plates 3 and the housing 1 are interference fit. After the cover 14 is buckled onto the main body 13, it is fastened by bolts to ensure the sealing performance of the gas heat sink 9.

[0080] In some other embodiments, a boss is formed on the lower surface of the cover body 14, that is, the surface facing the main body 13 when buckled. When the cover body 14 is buckled to the main body 13, the boss is embedded in the accommodating cavity to further ensure the sealing performance.

[0081] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a seal 15 is sandwiched between the main body 13 and the cover 14 . The seal 15 is made of metal indium and is suitable for deforming under the extrusion of the cover 14 and the main body 13 to seal the gap between the cover 14 and the main body 13 .

[0082] In such an embodiment, the gas heat sink 9 is sealed by using a seal 15 made of metal indium, which improves the sealing performance while also having good corrosion resistance and stability at low temperatures. Since metal indium is soft, sealing can be achieved by extrusion deformation, which is easy to operate.

[0083] In some other embodiments, the sealing member 15 may also be a gasket made of rubber.

[0084] According to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig.12 As shown, the mixing chamber 6 stores 3 He concentrated phase (i.e. 3 He solution) and 3 He dilution phase (i.e. 3 He and 4 He mixture), when the evaporation chamber 7 reaches a preset temperature, about 0.6-1K (Kelvin), generally 0.8K, 3 The saturated vapor pressure of He is significantly higher than 4 He is thus selectively evaporated. 3 The He concentration decreases accordingly, and the 3 The He dilute phase will replenish the evaporation chamber 7 3 He, thereby making the mixing chamber 6 3 He in concentrated phase 3 Direction 3 He dilutes and dissolves, when 3 When He passes through the interface, it absorbs the surrounding heat, and the temperature of the mixing chamber 6 and the surrounding cold plate drops, achieving dilution refrigeration. 3 He is selectively evaporated to 3 He steam, through the transmission pump group 8 (including the compressor pump) 3 He vapor is drawn out of the evaporation chamber 7. In order to make the dilution refrigeration continuous and cyclic, 3 The He steam is at least partially throttled and decompressed by the gas flow control device 10 and then liquefied and separated from the unliquefied He steam. 3 He mixed to form 3 He fluid, and then flows back to the mixing chamber 6 3 He concentrates the phase, and dilution refrigeration is carried out in this cycle.

[0085] More specifically, due to 3 After the He vapor is extracted, it is at room temperature. Although it is throttled and cooled by the gas flow control device 10, the heat it carries will still have a significant impact on the refrigeration of the dilution refrigerator, also known as heat leakage. 3 After the He vapor is extracted, it is pumped to the gas heat sink 9, where it undergoes preliminary heat exchange cooling before being passed into the gas flow control device 10. The gas heat sink 9 can be cooled by a pulse tube refrigerator to 3 At least part of the heat of the He steam is removed.

[0086] In an exemplary embodiment, the gas flow regulating device 10 includes a support body 101, a gas pipeline 102 and an extrusion assembly. The gas pipeline 102 is coiled on the outside of the support body 101 in the height direction of the support body 101, and the gas pipeline 102 is used to transport gas from the outside. 3 He steam, the extrusion assembly is arranged on the outside of the gas pipeline 102, and the extrusion assembly is driven by an external force to squeeze the gas pipeline 102 along the width direction of the support body 101 to reduce the diameter of the gas pipeline 102, so that 3 He vapor is at least partially liquefied and is separated from the unliquefied 3 He is mixed to form the mixing chamber 6 which flows back to the dilution refrigerator. 3 He fluid, the gas flow regulating device 10 provided by the present invention is suitable for the extremely low temperature working environment of the dilution refrigerator, and can flexibly adjust the diameter of the gas pipeline 102, and is simple to manufacture, highly reliable in use, and has a wide adjustable range.

[0087] In some other embodiments, the throttled 3 When the He fluid flows back to the mixing chamber 6, it will also undergo multiple stages of heat exchange to further reduce heat leakage.

[0088] In such an embodiment, the heat exchange structure includes but is not limited to a pancake-shaped radiator, the upper and lower layers of which are separated by oxygen-free copper to transfer heat; or a spiral double-layer tube radiator, the inner and outer layers of which are separated by a tube wall to transfer heat. The heat exchange object is preferably the heat from the mixing chamber 6. 3 He and 4 He mixture, because 3 He and 4 After the He mixture absorbs heat, the temperature rise is not obvious.

[0089] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gas flow regulating device 10 is detachably connected between the transmission pump set 8 and the mixing chamber 6 .

[0090] According to an embodiment of the present invention, if the output from the transmission pump group 8 is to be 3 To adjust the He steam flow rate at different levels, the gas flow device 10 can be removed and replaced with a new gas flow device, and the gas pipeline 102 can be re-extruded along the width direction of the support body 101 to adjust the diameter of the gas pipeline 102, thereby adjusting the 3 The flow rate of He fluid flowing through the gas pipeline 102 is adjusted by 3 The flow rate of He fluid is increased to match the dilution refrigerator, expanding its performance limit and laying a good foundation for the further development of the dilution refrigerator.

[0091] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present invention may be combined or coupled in various ways, even if such combinations or couplings are not explicitly described in the present invention. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present invention may be combined or coupled in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present invention. All such combinations and / or couplings fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0092] It should also be noted that the directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc., are only reference directions of the drawings and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Throughout the drawings, the same elements are represented by the same or similar reference numerals. Conventional structures or configurations will be omitted when they may cause confusion in the understanding of the present invention, and the shapes and sizes of the components in the drawings do not reflect the actual size and proportion, but only illustrate the contents of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0093] Unless otherwise indicated, the numerical parameters in this specification and the appended claims are approximate values ​​and can be changed according to the desired characteristics obtained by the content of the present invention. Specifically, all numbers used in the specification and claims to express the content of the composition, reaction conditions, etc., should be understood to be modified by the term "about" in all cases. In general, the meaning of the expression is to include changes in some embodiments of ±10%, in some embodiments of ±5%, in some embodiments of ±1%, and in some embodiments of ±0.5% by a specific number.

[0094] The ordinal numbers used in the specification and claims, such as "first", "second", "third", etc., to modify the corresponding elements, do not themselves mean that the elements have any ordinal numbers, nor do they represent the order of one element and another element, or the order in the manufacturing method. The use of these ordinal numbers is only used to clearly distinguish a component with a certain name from another component with the same name.

[0095] In addition, unless the steps are specifically described or must occur in sequence, the order of the above steps is not limited to the above list, and can be changed or rearranged according to the required design. And the above embodiments can be mixed and matched with each other or with other embodiments based on design and reliability considerations, that is, the technical features in different embodiments can be freely combined to form more embodiments.

[0096] The embodiments of the present invention are described above. However, these embodiments are only for the purpose of illustration, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Although each embodiment is described above, it does not mean that the measures in each embodiment cannot be used in combination. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various substitutions and modifications, which should all fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas flow regulating device, characterized in that: include: Supporting the body; The gas pipeline is configured to be wound around the outside of the support body in the height direction of the support body, and the gas pipeline is used to transport gas from the outside. 3 He steam; An extrusion assembly is arranged outside the gas pipeline, and the extrusion assembly is configured to squeeze the gas pipeline along the width direction of the support body when driven by an external force to reduce the diameter of the gas pipeline so that the 3 The He vapor is at least partially liquefied to form a mixture that flows back into the mixing chamber of the dilution refrigerator. 3 and fluid.

2. The gas flow regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two surfaces of the support body close to the extrusion assembly are respectively provided with extrusion surfaces, and the two extrusion surfaces are configured to have recesses respectively, and the two recesses provide space for the extrusion assembly to extrude the gas pipeline.

3. The gas flow regulating device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The extrusion components have multiple groups, the recesses have multiple groups, and the multiple groups of recesses respectively provide spaces for the multiple groups of extrusion components to extrude the gas pipelines.

4. The gas flow regulating device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each set of extrusion components includes: Two first rod portions are respectively arranged at the outer sides of the two recessed portions, and the two first rod portions extend along the height direction of the support body; Two second rod portions, respectively passing through two ends of the two first rod portions along the width direction of the support body, so as to restrict the support body between the two first rod portions; Two first limit members are respectively arranged at one end of the two second rod parts; The two second position-limiting members are rotatably disposed at the other ends of the two second rod portions, respectively, so as to respectively adjust the positions of the two second rod portions between the two ends of the two first rod portions.

5. The gas flow regulating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Through holes are provided at opposite ends of the two first rod portions to allow the second rod portion to pass through.

6. The gas flow regulating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two second position-limiting members are nuts, the two second rod portions are both provided with threaded portions, and the two nuts are respectively threadedly coupled with the two threaded portions; Wherein, when driven by an external force, the two nuts drive the two first rod portions to approach each other, so as to squeeze the gas pipeline along the width direction of the support body, so that the diameter of the gas pipeline is reduced.

7. The gas flow regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the support body in a plane perpendicular to the height direction is any one of opposing horseshoes, ellipses, trapezoids and squares.

8. The gas flow regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support body is made of any one of stainless steel, titanium alloy and nickel alloy.

9. A dilution refrigerator, characterized in that: include: A mixing chamber is provided in which the upper 3 The He-concentrated phase and the lower 3 He dilution phase, the 3 The He-enriched phase is configured to respond to the 3 He dilution phase 3 The concentration of He decreases to 3 He dilution phase compensation 3 He also absorbs surrounding heat to cool; The evaporation chamber and the mixing chamber 3 He dilution is connected, and the evaporation chamber is used to extract 3 He is separated from the dilute phase 3 He steam; Transfer pump set for 3 He vapor is extracted from the evaporation chamber; The gas flow regulating device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is connected between the transmission pump group and the mixing chamber, and is used to 3 The He vapor is at least partially liquefied to form a 3 and fluid.

10. The dilution refrigerator according to claim 9, characterized in that The gas flow regulating device is detachably connected between the transmission pump group and the mixing chamber.

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