Multi-spiral-flow-channel heat exchanger and dilution refrigerating machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of extremely-low-temperature refrigeration, and provides a multi-spiral-flow-channel heat exchanger which comprises an outer barrel, an inner barrel is connected with the outer barrel in a sleeved mode, the outer barrel and the inner barrel share a center shaft and form a containing cavity, and the two ends of the containing cavity are each provided with an end cover; an even number of spiral flow guide plates which are arranged around the central shaft and have the same rotating direction are further arranged in the containing cavity, the inner rotating edges of the flow guide plates are attached to the outer side face of the inner barrel body, and the outer rotating edges of the flow guide plates are attached to the inner side face of the outer barrel body; edges, intersected with the inner surfaces of the end covers, of the two ends of the flow guide plates are uniformly and annularly arranged around the central shaft; a flow channel is formed between the upper surface of each flow guide plate and the lower surface of the adjacent flow guide plate; and a runner opening is formed at the joint of the runner and the end cover on the corresponding side. Therefore, the spiral flow channels are arranged in the limited space between the two cylinders, the flowing speed of a medium is slowed down, the flowing path of the medium and the heat exchange area are prolonged, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. The invention further provides a dilution refrigerator.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of cryogenic refrigeration technology, and particularly relates to a multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger and a dilution refrigerator. BACKGROUND

[0002] For the core component of the dilution refrigerator, the powder sintered heat exchanger, in the extremely low temperature environment, the thermal resistance between the liquid and the solid surface will be exponentially increased by the Kapitza thermal resistance, thereby seriously affecting the heat exchange effect.

[0003] Therefore, a specific metal powder is usually sintered on the heat exchanger partition plate to increase the heat exchange area, so as to achieve good heat exchange effect. However, in order to obtain extremely low temperature, it is necessary to continuously increase the heat exchange area and flow distance of the powder sintered heat exchanger. The heat exchanger in the current dilution refrigerator is limited in installation space, which limits the increase of the heat exchange area and medium flow distance, and also greatly limits the heat exchange effect.

[0004] Therefore, the prior art has obvious inconvenience and defects in actual use, and needs to be improved. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above defects, the present application mainly provides a multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger to solve the technical problem of greatly improving the heat exchange effect in a limited space.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger, which comprises an outer cylinder body, an inner cylinder body is sleeved in the outer cylinder body; the outer cylinder body and the inner cylinder body have a common central axis, and a containing cavity is formed between the two, and one end cover is arranged at each end of the containing cavity;

[0007] N spiral-shaped flow guides are further arranged in the containing cavity, the N spiral-shaped flow guides are arranged around the central axis and have the same rotation direction, and N is an even number; the inner rotation edge of the flow guide is attached to the outer side surface of the inner cylinder body, and the outer rotation edge of the flow guide is attached to the inner side surface of the outer cylinder body; the two ends of the flow guide respectively extend and intersect to the inner surface of the end cover on the corresponding side, and the edges intersected by the flow guide and the inner surface of the end cover are uniformly arranged around the central axis;

[0008] The upper surface of each flow guide and the lower surface of the adjacent flow guide form a flow channel, and N flow channels are formed in the containing cavity; and the part where the flow channel intersects with the end cover on the corresponding side forms a flow channel opening.

[0009] According to the multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger of the present application, the flow guide is coiled around the central axis by 360°, and the pitch generated in the direction of the central axis is d; the pitch d of each flow guide is equal; the thickness of each flow channel is h; h=d / N.

[0010] According to the multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger of the present invention, starting from any one flow channel, all flow channels are numbered around 360°; odd-numbered flow channels are used for the flow of the first medium, and even-numbered flow channels are used for the flow of the second medium.

[0011] According to the multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger of the present invention, the number of flow channels is at least four; the flow channel openings at both ends of the odd-numbered flow channels are respectively connected to the first medium pipe, and the flow channel openings at both ends of the even-numbered flow channels are respectively connected to the second medium pipe; the first medium flows in parallel in each odd-numbered flow channel, and the second medium flows in parallel in each even-numbered flow channel.

[0012] According to the multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger of the present invention, there are two flow channels, one of which has its two ends connected to a first medium tube, and the other has its two ends connected to a second medium tube.

[0013] According to the multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger of the present invention, the number of flow channels is at least four; the odd-numbered flow channels are connected in series in sequence, and the even-numbered flow channels are connected in series in sequence.

[0014] According to the multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger of the present invention, the number of flow channels N is four; the flow channel openings of the two odd-numbered flow channels of one end cover are respectively connected to a first medium tube, and a transition tube is connected between the flow channel openings of the two odd-numbered flow channels of the other end cover.

[0015] One end cap has two even-numbered flow channels whose openings are respectively connected to a second medium pipe, and the other end cap has a transition pipe connected between the two even-numbered flow channels whose openings are connected to each other.

[0016] Two first medium tubes are fixed on one end cap, and two second medium tubes are fixed on the other end cap.

[0017] According to the multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger of the present invention, the upper and lower surfaces of the guide plate are both formed with heat exchange coatings; the heat exchange coating is a sintered layer of nano-metal powder.

[0018] A dilution refrigeration machine having the aforementioned multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger.

[0019] According to the dilution refrigeration machine of the present invention, there are multiple heat exchangers; the multiple heat exchangers are connected in series or in parallel.

[0020] In summary, the multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger of the present invention, by setting multiple spiral flow channels in the limited space between two cylindrical cylinders, slows down the flow velocity of the medium, extends the flow path of the medium and the heat exchange area, and improves the heat exchange efficiency. The present invention also provides a dilution refrigerator having the aforementioned multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Internal structure diagram of the embodiment;

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the flow channel in the embodiment;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Internal structure diagram of the embodiment;

[0026] Figure 6 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the flow channel in the embodiment;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a top view schematic diagram of an embodiment of the multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a bottom view of an embodiment of the multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger of the present invention;

[0030] In the figure: 1-outer cylinder, 11-inner cylinder, 12-end cap, 13-first medium pipe, 14-second medium pipe, 15-transition pipe; 2-guide plate, 21-inner spiral edge, 22-outer spiral edge. Detailed Implementation

[0031] See Figure 1 The present invention provides a multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger, including an outer cylinder 1, an inner cylinder 11 sleeved in the outer cylinder 1; the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 11 have a common central axis, and a receiving cavity is formed between them, and an end cap 12 is provided at each end of the receiving cavity.

[0032] The receiving cavity is further provided with N spiral guide plates 2 arranged around the central axis and with the same direction of rotation, where N is an even number; the inner spiral edge 21 of the guide plate 2 is attached to the outer surface of the inner cylinder 11, and the outer spiral edge 22 of the guide plate 2 is attached to the inner surface of the outer cylinder 1; the two ends of the guide plate 2 extend and intersect to the inner surface of the end cap 12 on the corresponding side, and the edges of each guide plate 2 intersecting the inner surface of the end cap 12 are evenly arranged around the central axis; a flow channel is formed between the upper surface of each guide plate 2 and the lower surface of the adjacent guide plate 2, and N flow channels are formed in the receiving cavity; the part where the flow channel intersects with the end cap 12 on the corresponding side forms a flow channel opening;

[0033] Except for the location of the flow channel inlet, the upper and lower sides of any part of each flow channel are other flow channels, which increases the heat exchange contact area.

[0034] Optionally, the number N of flow channels in this invention is 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10.

[0035] Preferably, both the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 11 are cylindrical.

[0036] To facilitate the explanation and understanding of the working principle of this invention, the structure and direction of the flow channel are clearly shown. Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the diagram, a single arrow indicates the direction of the first flow channel, and a double arrow indicates the direction of the second flow channel. Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the diagram, a three-arrow arrow indicates the direction of the third flow channel, and a double-arrow arrow indicates the direction of the fourth flow channel.

[0037] As one embodiment, the guide plate 2 is coiled 360° around the central axis, and the pitch generated in the direction of the central axis is d; the pitch d of each guide plate 2 is equal; the thickness of each flow channel is h; h = d / N;

[0038] The present invention forms N flow channels of the same length and specifications within the receiving cavity, with the flow channel openings of each channel evenly arranged around the inner cylinder 11. The medium flow rate in each flow channel is the same, resulting in uniform heat exchange. Those skilled in the art can adaptively set parameters such as the diameter and length of the outer cylinder 1 and inner cylinder 11, the number of guide plates 2, the pitch d, and the flow channel thickness h, according to factors such as the shape and volume of the installation space and the medium flow rate, to achieve the heat exchange requirements.

[0039] As one embodiment, the upper and lower surfaces of the guide plate 2 are both formed with a heat exchange coating;

[0040] Furthermore, the heat exchange coating is a sintered metal powder layer, which utilizes the microporous structure within the sintered metal powder material to generate a large contact heat exchange area, thereby improving the heat exchange effect.

[0041] Even better, the sintered metal powder layer is formed by sintering nano-metal powder, which has a large specific surface area and increases the heat transfer area. Preferably, the nano-metal powder is silver powder, which has good thermal conductivity and high heat transfer efficiency.

[0042] As one embodiment, starting with any one flow channel, all flow channels are numbered around 360°; odd-numbered flow channels are used for the first medium, and even-numbered flow channels are used for the second medium.

[0043] To clearly explain the working principle of this invention, Figures 1-9 In the diagram, arrows with circles are used to indicate the direction of medium flow. Lines with one set of symbols indicate the direction of flow of the first medium, and lines with two sets of symbols indicate the direction of flow of the second medium.

[0044] The upper and lower sides of any position in each odd-numbered flow channel are both even-numbered flow channels; correspondingly, the upper and lower sides of any position in each even-numbered flow channel are both odd-numbered flow channels; this increases the heat exchange area of ​​the two media, improving efficiency and heat exchange effect.

[0045] Optionally, the heat exchanger of the present invention is used for dilution refrigeration, for example, the first medium is a dense phase medium and the second medium is a dilute phase medium.

[0046] In one embodiment, there are two flow channels. One flow channel has its two ends connected to a first medium pipe 13, and the other flow channel has its two ends connected to a second medium pipe 14. Different media are introduced into the two flow channels through the first medium pipe 13 and the second medium pipe 14, respectively, and heat exchange is achieved during the flow. This invention extends the flow path and heat exchange area of ​​the medium within a limited space. The spiral flow channel slows down the flow velocity of the medium, thus improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0047] As one embodiment, the number of flow channels N in this invention is at least four; the flow channels at both ends of the odd-numbered flow channels are respectively connected to the first medium pipe 13, and the flow channels at both ends of the even-numbered flow channels are respectively connected to the second medium pipe 14; the first medium flows in parallel in each odd-numbered flow channel, and the second medium flows in parallel in each even-numbered flow channel.

[0048] After the first and second media enter the cavity, they form multiple parallel flow channels for heat exchange, ensuring heat exchange efficiency and effect while maintaining high media flow rate.

[0049] As one embodiment, the number of flow channels is at least four; the odd-numbered flow channels are connected in series sequentially, and the even-numbered flow channels are connected in series sequentially. The first medium and the second medium flow through multiple flow channels in sequence, achieving multi-stage heat exchange without increasing the space required.

[0050] See Figure 4 andFigure 5 As one embodiment, the number of flow channels N in this invention is four; the flow outlets of the two odd-numbered flow channels of one end cap 12 are respectively connected to a first medium pipe 13, and a transition pipe 15 is connected between the flow outlets of the two odd-numbered flow channels of the other end cap 12.

[0051] Combination Figure 6 One of the two first medium pipes 13 serves as the inlet of the first medium, and the other serves as the outlet. The first medium is introduced through the inlet and flows through the flow channel to the flow port at the other end, then enters the other flow channel through the transition pipe 15, and flows out from the outlet of the flow channel.

[0052] One end cap 12 has two even-numbered flow channels whose flow openings are respectively connected to a second medium pipe 14, and a transition pipe 15 is connected between the two even-numbered flow channels of the other end cap 12.

[0053] Two second medium pipes 14, one serving as the inlet and the other as the outlet. The second medium is introduced through the inlet and flows through the flow channel to the outlet at the other end, then enters another flow channel through the transition pipe 15, and flows out from the outlet of that flow channel.

[0054] The first and second media flow sequentially through two channels within the containment cavity, achieving two-stage heat exchange. Within the limited space of the multi-spiral channel heat exchanger, two-stage heat exchange is realized, improving the heat exchange efficiency per unit volume.

[0055] Furthermore, two first medium pipes 13 are fixed on one end cap 12, and two second medium pipes 14 are fixed on the other end cap 12; the first medium and the second medium enter and exit from both ends of the heat exchanger respectively, and the supply units of the two media can be set on the corresponding side of the heat exchanger respectively, so as to make full use of the installation space.

[0056] Combination Figure 7 As one embodiment, the transition tube 15 can pass through the inner space of the inner cylinder 11 or bypass the outer side of the inner cylinder 11; those skilled in the art can make adaptive settings for the shape of the transition tube 15 according to the actual usage scenario and the installation requirements to avoid other components.

[0057] See Figure 8 and Figure 9 In one embodiment, the number of flow channels N is six;

[0058] For ease of description, one end cap 12 is named the top end cap, and the other end cap 12 is named the bottom end cap; the area of ​​the odd-numbered flow channel is denoted as A, and the area of ​​the even-numbered flow channel is denoted as B. The above markings are only for illustrating the working principle of the present invention and assisting the reader's understanding, and do not limit the only actual usage posture of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can set the heat exchanger to a vertical posture, a horizontal posture, an inclined posture, and other postures according to the actual usage scenario.

[0059] One of the odd-numbered flow channels has its flow port connected to a first medium pipe 13, through which the first medium is introduced; along the flow direction of the first medium, a transition pipe 15 is connected between the flow ports of two adjacent odd-numbered flow channels located on the same side of the end cap 12; the last flow port of the last odd-numbered flow channel is connected to a first medium pipe 13, through which the first medium is discharged.

[0060] One of the even-numbered flow channels has its flow port connected to a second medium pipe 14, through which the second medium is introduced; along the flow direction of the second medium, a transition pipe 15 is connected between the flow ports of two adjacent even-numbered flow channels located on the same side of the end cap 12; the last even-numbered flow channel has its flow port connected to a second medium pipe 14, through which the second medium is discharged; three-stage heat exchange is achieved in the containment cavity.

[0061] This invention achieves multi-stage heat exchange within a limited cavity by connecting multiple odd-numbered and even-numbered flow channels in series, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0062] The present invention also provides a dilution refrigeration machine having the aforementioned multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger.

[0063] As one embodiment, the dilution refrigeration machine of the present invention has multiple heat exchangers.

[0064] Optionally, multiple heat exchangers can be connected in series to extend the flow path of the medium and prioritize heat exchange performance.

[0065] Optionally, multiple heat exchangers can be connected in parallel, resulting in a fast medium flow rate. This ensures heat exchange efficiency while increasing the medium circulation speed, thus achieving rapid heat exchange.

[0066] In summary, this invention provides a multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger. By setting multiple spiral flow channels in the limited space between two cylindrical cylinders, the flow velocity of the medium is slowed down, the flow path of the medium is lengthened, and the heat exchange area is increased, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. This invention also provides a dilution refrigerator having the aforementioned multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger.

[0067] Of course, the present invention may have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger, characterized in that, It includes an outer cylinder, into which an inner cylinder is fitted; the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder have a common central axis, and a receiving cavity is formed between them, with an end cap at each end of the receiving cavity; The cavity is further provided with N spiral guide plates arranged around the central axis and with the same direction of rotation, where N is an even number; the inner spiral edge of the guide plate is attached to the outer side of the inner cylinder, and the outer spiral edge of the guide plate is attached to the inner side of the outer cylinder; the two ends of the guide plate extend and intersect to the inner surface of the end cap on the corresponding side, and the edges of each guide plate intersecting the inner surface of the end cap are evenly arranged around the central axis; A flow channel is formed between the upper surface of each guide plate and the lower surface of the adjacent guide plate, and N flow channels are formed in the receiving cavity; the part where the flow channel intersects with the end cap on the corresponding side forms a flow channel opening.

2. The multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The guide plate is coiled 360° around the central axis, and the pitch generated in the direction of the central axis is d; the pitch d of each guide plate is equal; the thickness of each flow channel is h; h = d / N.

3. The multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Starting with any flow channel, number all flow channels in a 360° loop; odd-numbered flow channels are used for the first medium, and even-numbered flow channels are used for the second medium.

4. The multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The number of flow channels is at least four; the flow outlets at both ends of the odd-numbered flow channels are respectively connected to the first medium pipe, and the flow outlets at both ends of the even-numbered flow channels are respectively connected to the second medium pipe; the first medium flows in parallel in each odd-numbered flow channel, and the second medium flows in parallel in each even-numbered flow channel.

5. The multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The flow channel consists of two channels, one of which has its two ends connected to the first medium pipe, and the other has its two ends connected to the second medium pipe.

6. The multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The number of flow channels is at least four; the odd-numbered flow channels are connected in series in sequence, and the even-numbered flow channels are connected in series in sequence.

7. The multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The number of flow channels N is four; the flow ports of the two odd-numbered flow channels of one end cap are respectively connected to a first medium pipe, and a transition pipe is connected between the flow ports of the two odd-numbered flow channels of the other end cap. One end cap has two even-numbered flow channels whose openings are respectively connected to a second medium pipe, and the other end cap has a transition pipe connected between the two even-numbered flow channels whose openings are respectively connected to a second medium pipe. Two first medium tubes are fixed on one end cap, and two second medium tubes are fixed on the other end cap.

8. The multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper and lower surfaces of the guide plate are both formed with heat exchange coatings; the heat exchange coating is a sintered layer of nano-metal powder.

9. A dilution refrigeration machine, characterized in that, It has a multi-spiral flow channel heat exchanger as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The dilution refrigeration machine as described in claim 9, characterized in that, There are multiple heat exchangers; the multiple heat exchangers are connected in series or in parallel.

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