Electromagnetic gun system with switchable launching stage number

Abstract

The invention provides a launch stage switchable electromagnetic gun system, which comprises a charging circuit module for converting low-voltage direct current into high-voltage direct current and charging an energy storage module; the energy storage module comprises a first-stage energy storage capacitor and a second-stage energy storage capacitor; the discharging module is used for discharging excess energy; the energy conversion and regulation module is used for realizing energy conversion between the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor; the launching execution module is used for realizing the launching function of the electromagnetic gun by utilizing the energy in the energy storage module; and the control and monitoring module cooperates with the MCU (micro control unit) to realize switching among different states of the system. The energy of each stage of transmitting circuit can be controlled, the adjusting range is larger, the precision is higher, meanwhile, the secondary energy storage capacitor is fully utilized under single-stage transmitting, and the charging and discharging speed is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic guns with switchable firing levels, and in particular to an electromagnetic gun system with switchable firing levels. Background Art

[0002] As the military and technological applications have increased the demand for weapon system efficiency and accuracy, the limitations of traditional artillery have become increasingly prominent, and electromagnetic guns have emerged. Compared with traditional artillery, electromagnetic guns have the advantages of low cost, high shell speed, low noise, and good concealment, and have been favored by various countries.

[0003] The existing electromagnetic gun systems have the following problems: 1. When designing many electromagnetic guns, the voltage of the energy storage capacitor cannot be adjusted, which results in the inability to adjust the speed of the projectile when the electromagnetic gun fires the projectile. Some electromagnetic guns do not set an upper limit for the charging voltage, and even the charging voltage is too high to damage the circuit. 2. Single-stage electromagnetic guns can only use the primary coil to accelerate the projectile, and its acceleration ability is relatively limited, while the accuracy and efficiency of multi-stage electromagnetic guns are relatively low when facing close-range targets. 3. When the actual voltage of the traditional electromagnetic gun charging circuit with adjustable charging voltage is higher than the given voltage, it often uses resistor discharge. This discharge method completely converts the excess energy into heat energy on the resistor, so it will cause a more serious heating problem, and its discharge speed is also restricted by the system's heat dissipation conditions. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes an electromagnetic gun system with switchable firing levels, aiming to solve the problems of uncontrollable voltage of energy storage capacitors in existing electromagnetic gun technology, weak acceleration capability of single-stage electromagnetic guns, low close-range shooting accuracy of multi-stage electromagnetic guns, and large energy loss in voltage regulation of energy storage capacitors.

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides an electromagnetic gun system with switchable firing levels, comprising:

[0006] A charging circuit module, which is used to convert a low-voltage DC power input into high-voltage DC power by sequentially inverting, boosting and rectifying. The charging circuit module adjusts the charging current through phase shift control and related modal operation. The charging circuit module is composed of a full-bridge inverter circuit, a current-limiting inductor, a transformer and an uncontrolled rectifier circuit;

[0007] An energy storage module, comprising a primary energy storage capacitor and a secondary energy storage capacitor, wherein the energy storage module is used to store the energy required for launching the electromagnetic gun, and provides energy to the primary transmitting coil and the secondary transmitting coil respectively during two-stage launching, and the primary energy storage capacitor supplies energy to the primary transmitting coil during single-stage launching, and the secondary energy storage capacitor acts as an energy buffer for the primary energy storage capacitor, wherein both the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor are electrolytic capacitors;

[0008] A discharge module, which uses a discharge circuit to discharge the residual electric energy in the energy storage capacitor that exceeds the usage threshold, wherein the discharge circuit is composed of a MOS tube and a discharge resistor, and the discharge circuit is connected in parallel with the primary energy storage capacitor;

[0009] An energy conversion and regulation module, which uses a bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit to respectively adjust the voltages of the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor during two-stage transmission, and assists the primary energy storage capacitor in energy management during single-stage transmission. The bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit is composed of a MOS tube S5, a MOS tube S6 and an energy storage inductor. The bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit is connected between the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor, and realizes the bidirectional flow of energy between the two energy storage capacitors by controlling the on-off of the MOS tube. The bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit has four operating modes, and uses a bang-bang control method to control the current of the energy storage inductor;

[0010] The transmitting execution module is composed of a primary transmitting circuit and a secondary transmitting circuit. The primary transmitting circuit and the secondary transmitting circuit both include a freewheeling diode, an anti-reverse voltage diode, a transmitting coil and a MOS tube. When the MOS tube is turned on, the energy storage capacitor supplies power to the transmitting coil. When the MOS tube is turned off, the diode is the coil freewheeling current. When the MOS tube of the other transmitting circuit is turned on, the anti-reverse voltage diode prevents current backflow.

[0011] The control and monitoring module includes a sampling circuit, a driving circuit, a photoelectric sensor, a communication circuit, and an MCU and its peripheral circuits. The sampling circuit is used to collect a variety of current and voltage signals, the driving circuit is used to drive the MOS tubes in each circuit on and off, the photoelectric sensor is used to detect the position of the projectile, the communication circuit is used to interact with the host computer, and the MCU and its peripheral circuits are used to receive information and output drive signals;

[0012] The charging circuit charges the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor, and the sampling circuit monitors the charging current, inductor current and capacitor voltage in real time, and transmits the information to the MCU and its peripheral circuits; in the two-stage emission mode, the MCU controls the charging circuit, the discharge circuit and the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit, and makes them follow the given voltage according to the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor; in the single-stage emission mode, the MCU controls the operation of each circuit and stabilizes the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor according to the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor and the energy state of the secondary energy storage capacitor; during emission, the photoelectric sensor detects the position of the projectile and sends it to the MCU, and the MCU controls the on and off of the MOS tubes in the primary emission circuit and the secondary emission circuit.

[0013] Furthermore, the full-bridge inverter circuit controls the on and off of four MOS tubes to invert direct current into alternating current; during the inversion process, the full-bridge inverter circuit adjusts the magnitude of the charging current by means of phase shift control; the full-bridge inverter circuit has 6 working modes. In mode 1, when MOS tubes S1 and S4 are turned on and MOS tubes S2 and S3 are turned off, the current direction in the current-limiting inductor flows from the MOS tube S4 to the MOS tube S1, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is negative, and the voltage across the current-limiting inductor is U i n+Uc1 / N. In mode 2, the MOS tube switching state is the same as that in mode 1, and the current in the current-limiting inductor drops to zero and then reverses and slowly increases. At this time, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is positive, and the voltage across the current-limiting inductor is U i n+Uc1 / N. n-Uc1 / N, in mode 3, MOS tube S2 and MOS tube S4 are turned on, MOS tube S1 and MOS tube S3 are turned off, at this time, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is still positive, the voltage across the current limiting inductor is -Uc1 / N, and the current decreases. In mode 4, MOS tube S2 and MOS tube S3 are turned on, MOS tube S1 and MOS tube S4 are turned off, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is positive, the voltage across the current limiting inductor is -U i n-Uc1 / N, the current direction remains unchanged, and the magnitude decreases rapidly. In mode 5, the MOS tube switch state is the same as mode 4, the current in the current limiting inductor drops to zero and then reverses and slowly increases. At this time, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is negative, and the voltage across the current limiting inductor is -U i n+Uc1 / N, in mode 6, MOS tube S1 and MOS tube S3 are turned on, MOS tube S2 and MOS tube S4 are turned off, at this time, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is still negative, the voltage across the current limiting inductor is Uc1 / N, and the current decreases; when the phase shift angle increases, the time for the inverter to work in mode 3 and mode 6 becomes longer, the current change of the current limiting inductor slows down, and the charging current decreases; the current limiting inductor is connected in series between the full-bridge inverter circuit and the transformer; the transformer boosts the inverted AC power.

[0014] Further, in the working state of two-stage emission, the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor respectively store the energy required by the primary transmitting coil and the secondary transmitting coil, a capacitor of 450V470uF is selected as the primary energy storage capacitor, and a capacitor of 450V330uF is selected as the secondary energy storage capacitor. When preparing for two-stage emission, the charging circuit charges the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor respectively. During the emission process, the primary transmitting coil first uses the energy stored in the primary energy storage capacitor to perform preliminary acceleration on the projectile. When the projectile leaves the area of ​​the primary transmitting coil, the MOS tube in the primary transmitting circuit is turned off, and the primary energy storage capacitor cuts off the power supply. When the projectile moves to the position of the secondary transmitting coil, the secondary energy storage capacitor releases energy. When the projectile leaves the area of ​​the secondary transmitting coil, the MOS tube in the secondary transmitting circuit is turned off, and the secondary energy storage capacitor cuts off the power supply.

[0015] Furthermore, in the single-stage transmitting working state, the primary energy storage capacitor stores the energy required by the primary transmitting coil, and the secondary energy storage capacitor acts as an energy buffer of the primary energy storage capacitor. When the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is higher than the set reference voltage and the secondary energy storage capacitor is not fully charged, the primary energy storage capacitor directly discharges to the secondary energy storage capacitor; when the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is lower than the set reference voltage and the secondary energy storage capacitor has electrical energy stored, the secondary energy storage capacitor charges to the primary energy storage capacitor.

[0016] Furthermore, the discharge module operates in a two-stage emission working state and in a single-stage emission working state in which the secondary energy storage capacitor is fully charged. When the electric energy in the energy storage capacitor exceeds a threshold value, the discharge module releases excess energy. In the two-stage emission mode, when the voltages of the two energy storage capacitors are both too high or the voltage of one of the capacitors is appropriate and the voltage of the other capacitor is too high, the discharge circuit is turned on to discharge the excess energy. In the single-stage emission mode, when the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is too high and the energy storage in the secondary energy storage capacitor reaches an upper limit, the discharge circuit is turned on to discharge the excess energy in the primary energy storage capacitor. When the discharge circuit is operating, the MOS tube is turned on, and the excess energy in the primary energy storage capacitor forms a loop through the discharge resistor, so that the electric energy is converted into heat energy based on the resistor.

[0017] Further, the source of the MOS tube S5 is connected to the drain of the MOS tube S6, the drain of the MOS tube S5 is connected to the positive electrode of the primary energy storage capacitor, the source of the MOS tube S6 is connected to the negative electrode of the secondary energy storage capacitor, one end of the energy storage inductor is connected to the source of the MOS tube S5, and the other end is connected to the negative electrode of the primary energy storage capacitor and the positive electrode of the secondary energy storage capacitor; the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit has two operating modes in two energy flow directions, respectively, and has a total of four operating modes. In mode 1, the MOS tube S5 is turned on, the MOS tube S6 is turned off, the current on the energy storage inductor increases, and energy is transferred from the primary energy storage capacitor to the energy storage inductor; in mode 2, the MOS tube S5 and the MOS tube S6 are both turned off, and the current on the energy storage inductor passes through the secondary energy storage capacitor and the MOS The body diode of the MOS tube S6 realizes freewheeling, the secondary energy storage capacitor is charged, the voltage increases, and energy is transferred from the energy storage inductor to the secondary energy storage capacitor; in mode 3, the MOS tube S6 is turned on, the MOS tube S5 is turned off, the current on the energy storage inductor increases, the current direction is opposite to that in mode 1, and energy is transferred from the secondary energy storage capacitor to the energy storage inductor; in mode 4, the MOS tube S5 and the MOS tube S6 are both turned off, the current on the energy storage inductor realizes freewheeling through the primary energy storage capacitor and the body diode of the MOS tube S5, the primary energy storage capacitor is charged, the voltage increases, and energy is transferred from the energy storage inductor to the secondary energy storage capacitor; the circuit is controlled by a bang-bang control method, that is, when the current of the energy storage inductor exceeds the set maximum value, the corresponding switch tube is turned off, and when the current of the energy storage inductor is less than the set minimum value, the corresponding switch tube is turned on.

[0018] Furthermore, when the MOS tube is turned on, the energy storage capacitor supplies power to the transmitting coil, and current flows through the transmitting coil. In the first-level transmitting circuit, when the MOS tube is turned on, the first-level energy storage capacitor provides energy for the first-level transmitting coil; when the MOS tube is turned off, the current in the transmitting coil is freewheeling through the freewheeling diode and the anti-reverse voltage diode, and the freewheeling diode provides a freewheeling loop for the coil current; when the MOS tubes of other levels of transmitting circuits are turned on, the anti-reverse voltage diode prevents current backflow.

[0019] Furthermore, the sampling circuit is used to collect the current average value of the charging circuit, the instantaneous value of the inductor current in the bidirectional Buck-Boost circuit, and the voltage on the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor, and the sampling circuit is used to send the sampling signal to the MCU; the driving circuit converts the signal waveform output by the MCU into a driving waveform to drive the MOS tubes in each circuit to turn on or off; the photoelectric sensor is placed on both sides of the transmitting coil on the barrel to detect the position of the projectile in the barrel, and the MCU controls the on and off of the MOS tubes in the multi-stage transmitting circuit according to the position of the projectile; the communication circuit is used to interact with the host computer, and observe the communication circuit The MCU determines the operating state by receiving various information collected by the sampling circuit and the given signal provided by the host computer, and outputs the corresponding drive signal according to the preset algorithm and control strategy to control the operation of each circuit module. In the two-stage emission mode, the MCU controls the operation of the charging circuit, the discharging circuit and the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit according to the voltage on the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor; in the single-stage emission mode, the MCU controls the operation of each circuit according to the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor and the energy state of the secondary energy storage capacitor.

[0020] Furthermore, the charging circuit sequentially processes the DC input through inversion, boosting and rectification to charge the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor. During the charging process, the sampling circuit monitors the charging current, the inductor current and the capacitor voltage in real time, and transmits this information to the MCU and its peripheral circuits. The MCU controls the magnitude of the charging current through phase shift modulation according to the received information, and realizes constant current charging through PI control.

[0021] In the two-stage emission mode, the MCU controls the operation of the charging circuit, the discharging circuit and the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit according to the magnitude of the voltage on the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor collected by the sampling circuit relative to a given value; when the voltage of one capacitor is higher than a given value and the voltage of the other capacitor is lower than a given value, the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are both closed, and energy flows between the two capacitors through the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit; when the voltages of both capacitors are too high or the voltage of one capacitor is appropriate and the voltage of the other capacitor is too high, the charging circuit is closed and the discharging circuit is opened. If the voltage on the secondary energy storage capacitor is too high at this time, the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit is opened to transfer energy to the primary energy storage capacitor; when the voltages of both capacitors are lower than a given value or the voltage of one capacitor is appropriate and the voltage of the other capacitor is too high, the charging circuit is opened and the discharging circuit is closed. If the voltage on the secondary energy storage capacitor is lower than a given value at this time, the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit is opened to transfer energy from the primary energy storage capacitor to the secondary energy storage capacitor; when the voltages on both capacitors are appropriate, all MOS tubes remain closed;

[0022] In the single-stage emission mode, the MCU controls the operation of each circuit according to the energy states of the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor; when the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is too high and the energy storage in the secondary energy storage capacitor has not reached the upper limit, the primary energy storage capacitor discharges to the secondary energy storage capacitor through the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit; when the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is too high and the energy storage in the secondary energy storage capacitor has reached the upper limit, the discharge circuit is turned on to discharge the excess energy in the primary energy storage capacitor; when the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is too low and there is energy stored in the secondary energy storage capacitor, the secondary energy storage capacitor discharges to the primary energy storage capacitor through the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit; when the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is too low and the energy in the secondary energy storage capacitor is insufficient, the charging circuit is turned on to charge the primary energy storage capacitor; when the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is appropriate, all MOS tubes remain closed;

[0023] When preparing to launch, the photoelectric sensor detects the position of the projectile in the barrel and sends the position information to the MCU. The MCU controls the on and off of the MOS tubes in the primary launch circuit and the secondary launch circuit according to the projectile position information. When the host computer sends an instruction to the MCU, the MCU controls the MOS tube in the primary launch circuit to be turned on, and the primary energy storage capacitor supplies power to the primary launch coil; when the projectile leaves the primary launch coil area, the MOS tube in the primary launch circuit is turned off, and the primary energy storage capacitor cuts off the power supply; when the projectile moves to the position of the secondary launch coil and is in a two-stage launch working state, the MCU controls the MOS tube in the secondary launch circuit to be turned on, and the secondary energy storage capacitor supplies power to the secondary launch coil; when the projectile leaves the secondary launch coil area, the MOS tube in the secondary launch circuit is turned off, and the secondary energy storage capacitor cuts off the power supply.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. This design can switch between single-stage launch and two-stage launch. Compared with the traditional two-stage launch electromagnetic gun, it can improve the accuracy of close-range launch, and compared with the traditional single-stage launch electromagnetic gun, it can increase the maximum launch distance of the electromagnetic gun.

[0026] 2. In this design, the secondary energy storage capacitor is not directly connected to the primary energy storage capacitor and the charging circuit, but is connected to it through a bidirectional Buck-Boost circuit. Therefore, when the system works in the two-stage launch mode, the voltages on the primary and secondary energy storage capacitors can be controlled separately, thereby improving the accuracy of the electromagnetic gun launch.

[0027] 3. When this design is in single-stage emission mode, the secondary energy storage capacitor is used as an energy buffer for the primary energy storage capacitor, which can increase the speed of voltage regulation of the primary energy storage capacitor, while reducing energy loss during voltage regulation and improving system efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a functional block diagram of an electromagnetic gun system with switchable launch levels according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 The overall design block diagram of the electromagnetic gun system with switchable launch levels according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 The circuit schematic diagram of the electromagnetic gun system with switchable launch levels according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a modal operation diagram of a charging circuit in an embodiment of the present invention running for half a cycle;

[0033] Figure 5 is a modal operation diagram of a bidirectional Buck-Boost circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the states and conversion directions of the circuit in different modes according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to be able to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the implementation regulations.

[0036] Reference Figure 1-6 As shown, in some embodiments of the present application, an electromagnetic gun system with switchable firing levels includes:

[0037] The charging circuit module is used to convert the low-voltage DC power input into DC power through inverter, boost and rectification in sequence. The charging circuit module adjusts the charging current through phase shift control and related modal operation. The charging circuit module is composed of a full-bridge inverter circuit, a current-limiting inductor, a transformer and an uncontrolled rectifier circuit;

[0038] The energy storage module is used to store the energy required for launching the electromagnetic gun. When two-stage launch is performed, the energy is provided to the primary launch coil and the secondary launch coil respectively. When single-stage launch is performed, the primary energy storage capacitor supplies energy to the primary launch coil, and the secondary energy storage capacitor acts as an energy buffer for the primary energy storage capacitor. Both the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor are electrolytic capacitors.

[0039] The discharge module uses a discharge circuit to discharge excess energy in the energy storage capacitor. The discharge circuit consists of a MOS tube and a discharge resistor. The discharge circuit is connected in parallel with the primary energy storage capacitor.

[0040] The energy conversion and regulation module uses a bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit to adjust the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor respectively during two-stage transmission, and assists the primary energy storage capacitor in energy management during single-stage transmission. The bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit is composed of MOS tube S5, MOS tube S6 and energy storage inductor. The bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit is connected between the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor, and realizes the bidirectional flow of energy between the two energy storage capacitors by controlling the on-off of the MOS tube. The bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit has four operating modes and uses a bang-bang control method to control the current of the energy storage inductor;

[0041] The transmitting execution module is composed of a primary transmitting circuit and a secondary transmitting circuit. The primary transmitting circuit and the secondary transmitting circuit have the same structure and both include a freewheeling diode, an anti-reverse voltage diode, a transmitting coil and a MOS tube. When the MOS tube is turned on, the energy storage capacitor supplies power to the transmitting coil. When the MOS tube is turned off, the diode is the coil freewheeling current. When the MOS tube of the other transmitting circuit is turned on, the anti-reverse voltage diode prevents current backflow.

[0042] The control and monitoring module includes a sampling circuit, a drive circuit, a photoelectric sensor, a communication circuit, an MCU and its peripheral circuits. The sampling circuit is used to collect a variety of current and voltage signals. The drive circuit is used to drive the MOS tubes in each circuit on and off. The photoelectric sensor is used to detect the position of the projectile. The communication circuit is used to interact with the host computer. The MCU and its peripheral circuits are used to receive information and output drive signals.

[0043] Specifically, the full-bridge inverter circuit is the key part for converting DC input into AC power. It realizes the inversion process from DC to AC by controlling the on and off of four MOS tubes (S1-S4). In the inversion process, the phase shift control method is used to accurately adjust the size of the charging current. There are 6 working modes. In mode 1, when MOS tubes S1 and S4 are turned on and S2 and S3 are turned off, the current direction in the inductor L1 is from S4 to S1, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is negative, and the voltage across the inductor L1 is U i n+Uc1 / N. At this time, the current drops rapidly. In mode 2, the MOS tube switch state is the same as mode 1. The current in the current limiting inductor drops to zero and then reverses and slowly increases. At this time, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is positive, and the voltage across the current limiting inductor is U i n+Uc1 / N. n-Uc1 / N, in mode 3, MOS tube S2 and MOS tube S4 are turned on, MOS tube S1 and MOS tube S3 are turned off, at this time, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is still positive, the voltage across the current limiting inductor is -Uc1 / N, and the current decreases. In mode 4, MOS tube S2 and MOS tube S3 are turned on, MOS tube S1 and MOS tube S4 are turned off, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is positive, the voltage across the current limiting inductor is -Ui n-Uc1 / N, the current direction remains unchanged, and the magnitude decreases rapidly. In mode 5, the MOS tube switch state is the same as mode 4, the current in the current limiting inductor drops to zero and then reverses and slowly increases. At this time, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is negative, and the voltage across the current limiting inductor is -Ui n+Uc1 / N, in mode 6, MOS tube S1 and MOS tube S3 are turned on, MOS tube S2 and MOS tube S4 are turned off, at this time, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is still negative, the voltage across the current limiting inductor is Uc1 / N, and the current decreases. With the change of the phase shift angle, the working time of the inverter in different modes will change, thereby affecting the rate of change of the inductor current, and then realizing the control of the charging current. When the phase shift angle increases, the inverter works in mode 3 and mode 6 for a longer time, the change of the inductor current slows down, and the charging current decreases.

[0044] The current limiting inductor L1 is connected in series between the full-bridge inverter circuit and the transformer, and its main function is to limit the magnitude of the primary current.

[0045] The transformer is responsible for boosting the inverted AC power to obtain a higher voltage, providing a sufficiently high voltage for the subsequent charging of the energy storage capacitor. It uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to increase the voltage through the turns ratio of the primary and secondary windings. The uncontrolled rectifier circuit converts the high-voltage AC output of the transformer into DC power, which ultimately realizes DC charging of the energy storage capacitor.

[0046] It can be understood that the charging circuit module can methodically convert the DC input into DC power suitable for energy storage through inversion, boosting and rectification in sequence, and adjust the charging current with the help of phase shift modulation under PI control to ensure current stability.

[0047] Specifically, in the working state of two-stage launch, the primary energy storage capacitor C1 and the secondary energy storage capacitor C2 store the energy required by the primary launch coil and the secondary launch coil respectively. For example, during the launch process, the primary launch coil first uses the energy stored in C1 to initially accelerate the projectile. When the projectile leaves the primary launch coil area, the MOS tube in the primary launch circuit is turned off, and the primary energy storage capacitor cuts off the power supply. When the projectile moves to the position of the secondary launch coil, C2 releases energy to provide further acceleration for the projectile. When the projectile leaves the secondary launch coil area, the MOS tube in the secondary launch circuit is turned off, and the secondary energy storage capacitor cuts off the power supply, thereby achieving a two-stage acceleration effect and improving the launch speed and range of the projectile. Considering that the projectile moves in the secondary acceleration coil for a short time, the capacity of the secondary energy storage capacitor C2 is relatively small. Here, a 450V470uF capacitor is selected as the primary energy storage capacitor C1, and a 450V330uF capacitor is selected as the secondary energy storage capacitor C2. When the system is ready for two-stage launch, the charging circuit will charge the two capacitors so that they can store enough energy.

[0048] When the system is in a single-stage transmitting working state, the primary energy storage capacitor C1 is used to store the energy required by the first-stage transmitting coil, and the secondary energy storage capacitor C2 acts as an energy buffer for the primary energy storage capacitor C1. When the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor C1 is higher than the set reference voltage and the secondary energy storage capacitor C2 is not fully charged, the primary energy storage capacitor C1 directly discharges to the secondary energy storage capacitor C2; when the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor C1 is lower than the set reference voltage and the secondary energy storage capacitor C2 has electrical energy, the secondary energy storage capacitor C2 charges the primary energy storage capacitor C1. This energy buffering mechanism can effectively increase the speed of voltage regulation of the primary energy storage capacitor C1, while reducing energy loss during voltage regulation and improving system efficiency.

[0049] Specifically, the discharge module only works in a two-stage emission working state or a single-stage emission working state when the energy buffer (secondary energy storage capacitor C2) is full. In these cases, when the energy in the energy storage capacitor exceeds the system demand or the set upper limit, the excess energy needs to be released through the discharge module to prevent the capacitor from being damaged by overvoltage or affecting system performance. For example, in the two-stage emission mode, if the voltage of the two energy storage capacitors is too high or the voltage of one of the capacitors is appropriate and the voltage of the other capacitor is too high, the discharge circuit will be turned on to discharge the excess energy. In the single-stage emission mode, when the voltage of capacitor C1 is too high and the energy storage in C2 has reached the upper limit, the discharge circuit will also be turned on to discharge the excess energy in C1.

[0050] When the discharge circuit is working, the MOS tube is turned on, and the excess energy in the energy storage capacitor C1 forms a loop through the discharge resistor, and the electrical energy is converted into heat energy and consumed on the resistor, thereby achieving energy discharge. This method can effectively control the voltage of the energy storage capacitor.

[0051] Specifically, the energy conversion and regulation module is composed of MOS tubes S5, S6 and inductor L2. The source of MOS tube S5 is connected to the drain of MOS tube S6, the drain of S5 is connected to the positive electrode of energy storage capacitor C1, the source of S6 is connected to the negative electrode of energy storage capacitor C2, one end of inductor L2 is connected to the source of S5, and the other end is connected to the negative electrode of C1 and the positive electrode of C2. The topological structure enables energy to flow between the two capacitors, laying the foundation for realizing multiple functions. This topology has two operating modes in two energy flow directions, and a total of four operating modes. In mode 1, MOS tube S5 is turned on and S6 is turned off. At this time, the current on inductor L2 increases, and energy is transferred from energy storage capacitor C1 to inductor L2. In mode 2, MOS tubes S5 and S6 are both turned off. At this time, the current on the inductor L2 is freewheeling through the energy storage capacitor C2 and the body diode of MOS tube S6. C2 is charged, the voltage increases, and the energy is transferred from the inductor L2 to C2. By continuously switching between modes 1 and 2, the energy transfer from C1 to C2 can be achieved. Similarly, in mode 3, MOS tube S6 is turned on, S5 is turned off, the current on the inductor L2 increases, and its current direction is opposite to that in mode 1, and the energy is transferred from the energy storage capacitor C2 to the inductor L2. In mode 4, MOS tubes S5 and S6 are both turned off, and the current on the inductor L2 is freewheeling through the energy storage capacitor C1 and the body diode of MOS tube S5. C1 is charged, the voltage increases, and the energy is transferred from the inductor L2 to C2. By continuously switching between modes 3 and 4, the energy transfer from C2 to C1 can be achieved.

[0052] Since both sides of the circuit are capacitors, their voltage changes with the change of energy stored in them, so it is not appropriate to control the circuit by traditional duty cycle. In order to limit the charging current, the bang-bang control method is used to control the current flowing through the inductor L2, that is, when the current exceeds the set maximum current value, the corresponding switch tube is turned off, and when the current is less than the set minimum current value, the corresponding switch tube is turned off. This control method can effectively protect circuit components and ensure the stability and safety of the energy conversion process.

[0053] It can be understood that the energy conversion and regulation module is connected between the primary and secondary energy storage capacitors by means of a bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit composed of MOS tube S5, MOS tube S6 and energy storage inductor, and realizes bidirectional energy flow by controlling the on and off of the MOS tube. The voltage of the two capacitors is accurately adjusted during two-stage emission, and the primary energy storage capacitor is effectively assisted in managing energy during single-stage emission, and the conversion current is limited by bang-bang control.

[0054] Specifically, when the MOS tube in the launch execution module is turned on, the energy storage capacitor supplies power to the launch coil, and current flows through the launch coil. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the energized coil will generate a magnetic field, which will exert a Lorentz force on the projectile located therein, thereby accelerating the projectile. In this process, the coil current increases, the magnetic field strength increases, and the kinetic energy obtained by the projectile also increases. For example, in the first-stage launch circuit, when the MOS tube is turned on, the first-stage energy storage capacitor C1 provides energy to the first-stage launch coil, causing the projectile to begin to accelerate.

[0055] When the MOS tube is turned off, the current in the transmitting coil does not disappear instantly, but is continued through the freewheeling diode and the anti-reverse voltage diode. The freewheeling diode provides a freewheeling loop for the coil current, so that the current can be gradually reduced, avoiding damage to the circuit components caused by the sudden change of current. At the same time, since the multi-stage coils are all wound on one barrel, there will be coupling problems between the coils when the other stages are fired. The anti-reverse voltage diode can avoid the reverse charging problem caused by coupling between the coils, which can not only improve the working life of the energy storage capacitor, but also avoid the induced current from hindering the change of magnetic induction intensity in the barrel, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the firing process.

[0056] It can be understood that the launch execution module is composed of a first-level launch circuit and a second-level launch circuit with the same structure. Each level is composed of a freewheeling diode, an anti-reverse voltage diode, a launch coil and a MOS tube. When the MOS tube is turned on, the energy storage capacitor supplies power to the launch coil to accelerate the projectile; when the MOS tube is turned off, the diode will promptly continue the current for the coil to prevent the MOS tube from being broken down due to the self-inductance of the coil.

[0057] Specifically, the sampling circuit is used to collect a variety of current and voltage signals, including the average current of the charging circuit, the instantaneous value of the inductor current in the bidirectional Buck-Boost circuit, and the voltage on the energy storage capacitors C1 and C2. These sampling signals provide the MCU with key information about the system's operating status, enabling it to make accurate control decisions based on actual conditions. For example, by sampling the capacitor voltage, the MCU can determine whether the capacitor is fully charged, whether the voltage is too high or too low, and thus decide whether to start the charging circuit, the discharging circuit, or the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit for corresponding operations.

[0058] The driving circuit is mainly responsible for converting the signal waveform output by the MCU into a driving waveform with higher voltage and stronger current capacity to drive the MOS tubes in each circuit to turn on or off. Since the MOS tube plays a key role in switch control in the circuit, its normal conduction and shutdown requires sufficient driving voltage and current. The driving circuit can meet this requirement to ensure the smooth progress of the energy conversion and control process in the circuit.

[0059] The photoelectric sensor is placed on both sides of the launch coil on the barrel and at the initial position of the projectile launch. Its main function is to detect the position of the projectile in the barrel. According to the measured projectile position, the MCU can accurately control the on and off of the MOS tube in the multi-stage launch circuit to achieve multi-stage acceleration of the projectile, so that the projectile can obtain the best acceleration effect at the appropriate time and position, and improve the accuracy and efficiency of the launch.

[0060] The communication circuit is used to interact with the host computer to achieve data transmission and control signal reception. Through the communication circuit, the operator can observe the operating status of the electromagnetic gun on the host computer, including capacitor voltage, current size, launch status and other information, and can also modify the corresponding parameters according to actual needs, such as charging voltage, launch level, etc., so as to achieve remote monitoring and flexible control of the electromagnetic gun system.

[0061] MCU and its peripheral circuits are the core of the entire control and monitoring module. MCU determines the operating state of the system by receiving various information collected by the sampling circuit and the given signal provided by the host computer, and outputs the corresponding drive signal according to the preset algorithm and control strategy to control the operation of each circuit module. For example, in the two-stage emission mode, MCU controls the operation of the charging circuit, the discharging circuit and the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit according to the voltage on capacitors C1 and C2 relative to the given value, so that the system is stable in the state where the voltage of the two capacitors is appropriate; in the single-stage emission mode, MCU controls the operation of each circuit according to the voltage of capacitor C1 and the energy state of capacitor C2 to ensure that capacitor C1 is maintained at a given voltage.

[0062] Specifically, the charging circuit starts working, and after the DC input is inverted, boosted, and rectified in sequence, it charges the primary energy storage capacitor C1 and the secondary energy storage capacitor C2. In this process, the sampling circuit monitors the charging current, inductor current, and capacitor voltage in real time, and transmits this information to the MCU and its peripheral circuits. Based on the received information, the MCU controls the size of the charging current through phase-shifted modulation to ensure that the capacitor can be charged safely and stably.

[0063] In the two-stage emission mode, the MCU controls the operation of the charging circuit, the discharging circuit and the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit according to the voltage on the capacitors C1 and C2 collected by the sampling circuit relative to the given value. When the voltage of one capacitor is higher than the given value and the voltage of the other capacitor is lower than the given value, the charging circuit and the discharging circuit do not work, and the energy only flows between the two capacitors through the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit to balance the voltage of the two capacitors. When the voltages of both capacitors are too high or the voltage of one capacitor is appropriate and the voltage of the other capacitor is too high, the charging circuit is closed and the discharging circuit is opened. If the voltage on the capacitor C2 is too high at this time, the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit needs to be opened to transfer the energy to the capacitor C1. When the voltages of both capacitors are lower than the given value or the voltage of one capacitor is appropriate and the voltage of the other capacitor is too high, the charging circuit is opened and the discharging circuit is closed. If the voltage on the capacitor C2 is lower than the given value at this time, the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit needs to be opened to transfer the energy from C1 to C2. If the voltages on both capacitors are appropriate, all MOS tubes remain closed and the system is ready to emit.

[0064] In the single-stage emission mode, the MCU controls the operation of each circuit according to the voltage of capacitor C1 and the energy state of capacitor C2. When the voltage of capacitor C1 is too high and the energy storage in C2 has not reached the upper limit, C1 discharges to C2 through the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit; when the voltage of C1 is too high and the energy storage in C2 has reached the upper limit, the discharge circuit is turned on to discharge the excess energy in C1; when the voltage of C1 is too low and there is energy stored in C2, C2 discharges to C1 through the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit; when the voltage of C1 is too low and the energy in C2 is insufficient, the charging circuit needs to be turned on to charge C1; when the voltage of C1 is appropriate, all MOS tubes remain closed.

[0065] When the system is ready to launch, the photoelectric sensor detects the position of the projectile in the barrel and sends the position information to the MCU. The MCU controls the on and off of the MOS tubes in the primary launch circuit and the secondary launch circuit according to the projectile position information. When the host computer sends a launch command to the MCU, the MCU controls the MOS tube in the primary launch circuit to turn on, and the primary energy storage capacitor C1 supplies power to the primary launch coil, so that the projectile obtains initial acceleration; when the projectile leaves the primary launch coil area, the MOS tube in the primary launch circuit is turned off, and the primary energy storage capacitor cuts off the power supply; when the projectile moves to the position of the secondary launch coil and is in a two-stage launch working state, the MCU controls the MOS tube in the secondary launch circuit to turn on, and the secondary energy storage capacitor C2 supplies power to the secondary launch coil, providing further acceleration for the projectile; when the projectile leaves the secondary launch coil area, the MOS tube in the secondary launch circuit is turned off, and the secondary energy storage capacitor cuts off the power supply.

[0066] It should be noted that:

[0067] In the description provided herein, a large number of specific details are described. However, it is understood that the embodiments of the present application can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and technologies are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this description.

[0068] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that although some embodiments described herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not other features, the combination of features from different embodiments is meant to be within the scope of the present application and to form different embodiments.

[0069] The above is only a preferred specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic gun system with switchable firing levels, characterized in that: include: A charging circuit module, which is used to convert a low-voltage DC power input into high-voltage DC power by sequentially inverting, boosting and rectifying. The charging circuit module adjusts the charging current through phase shift control and related modal operation. The charging circuit module is composed of a full-bridge inverter circuit, a current-limiting inductor, a transformer and an uncontrolled rectifier circuit; An energy storage module, comprising a primary energy storage capacitor and a secondary energy storage capacitor, wherein the energy storage module is used to store the energy required for launching the electromagnetic gun, and provides energy to the primary transmitting coil and the secondary transmitting coil respectively during two-stage launching, and the primary energy storage capacitor supplies energy to the primary transmitting coil during single-stage launching, and the secondary energy storage capacitor acts as an energy buffer for the primary energy storage capacitor, wherein both the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor are electrolytic capacitors; A discharge module, which uses a discharge circuit to discharge the residual electric energy in the energy storage capacitor that exceeds the usage threshold, wherein the discharge circuit is composed of a MOS tube and a discharge resistor, and the discharge circuit is connected in parallel with the primary energy storage capacitor; An energy conversion and regulation module, which uses a bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit to respectively adjust the voltages of the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor during two-stage transmission, and assists the primary energy storage capacitor in energy management during single-stage transmission. The bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit is composed of a MOS tube S5, a MOS tube S6 and an energy storage inductor. The bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit is connected between the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor, and realizes the bidirectional flow of energy between the two energy storage capacitors by controlling the on-off of the MOS tube. The bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit has four operating modes, and uses a bang-bang control method to control the current of the energy storage inductor; The transmitting execution module is composed of a primary transmitting circuit and a secondary transmitting circuit. Both the primary transmitting circuit and the secondary transmitting circuit include a freewheeling diode, an anti-reverse voltage diode, a transmitting coil and a MOS tube. When the MOS tube is turned on, the energy storage capacitor supplies power to the transmitting coil. When the MOS tube is turned off, the diode provides freewheeling for the coil. The control and monitoring module includes a sampling circuit, a driving circuit, a photoelectric sensor, a communication circuit, and an MCU and its peripheral circuits. The sampling circuit is used to collect a variety of current and voltage signals, the driving circuit is used to drive the MOS tubes in each circuit on and off, the photoelectric sensor is used to detect the position of the projectile, the communication circuit is used to interact with the host computer, and the MCU and its peripheral circuits are used to receive information and output drive signals; The charging circuit charges the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor, and the sampling circuit monitors the charging current, inductor current and capacitor voltage in real time, and transmits the information to the MCU and its peripheral circuits; in the two-stage emission mode, the MCU controls the operation of the charging circuit, the discharge circuit and the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit; in the single-stage emission mode, the MCU controls the operation of each circuit and stabilizes the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor based on the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor and the energy state of the secondary energy storage capacitor; during emission, the photoelectric sensor detects the position of the projectile and sends it to the MCU, and the MCU controls the on and off of the MOS tubes in the primary emission circuit and the secondary emission circuit.

2. The electromagnetic gun system with switchable firing levels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The full-bridge inverter circuit controls the on and off of four MOS tubes to invert DC into AC. During the inversion process, the full-bridge inverter circuit uses phase shift control to adjust the size of the charging current. The full-bridge inverter circuit has 6 working modes. In mode 1, MOS tubes S1 and S4 are turned on, MOS tubes S2 and S3 are turned off, the current direction in the current-limiting inductor flows from the MOS tube S4 to the MOS tube S1, and the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is negative. The voltage across the current-limiting inductor is Uin+Uc1 / N. In mode 2, the MOS tube switch state is the same as mode 1. The current in the current-limiting inductor drops to zero and then reverses and slowly increases. At this time, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is positive, and the voltage across the current-limiting inductor is Uin-Uc1 / N. In mode 3, MOS tubes S2 and S4 are turned on, and MOS tubes S1 and S3 are turned off. At this time, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is still positive, and the voltage across the current-limiting inductor is -Uc1 / N. , the current decreases. In mode 4, MOS tubes S2 and S3 are turned on, MOS tubes S1 and S4 are turned off, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is positive, the voltage across the current limiting inductor is -Uin-Uc1 / N, the current direction remains unchanged, and the magnitude decreases rapidly. In mode 5, the MOS tube switch state is the same as mode 4. The current in the current limiting inductor drops to zero and then reverses and increases slowly. At this time, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is negative, and the voltage across the current limiting inductor is -Uin+Uc 1 / N, in mode 6, MOS tube S1 and MOS tube S3 are turned on, MOS tube S2 and MOS tube S4 are turned off, at this time, the induced voltage of the primary winding of the transformer is still negative, the voltage across the current limiting inductor is Uc1 / N, and the current decreases; when the phase shift angle increases, the time that the inverter works in mode 3 and mode 6 becomes longer, the current change of the current limiting inductor slows down, and the charging current decreases; the current limiting inductor is connected in series between the full-bridge inverter circuit and the transformer; the transformer boosts the inverted AC power.

3. The electromagnetic gun system with switchable firing levels according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the working state of two-stage transmission, the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor store the energy required by the primary transmitting coil and the secondary transmitting coil respectively, and when preparing for two-stage transmission, the charging circuit charges the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor respectively; During the launching process, the primary launching coil firstly accelerates the projectile using the energy stored in the primary energy storage capacitor, and when the projectile moves to the position of the secondary launching coil, the secondary energy storage capacitor releases the energy; When in a single-stage transmitting working state, the primary energy storage capacitor stores the energy required by the primary transmitting coil, and the secondary energy storage capacitor acts as an energy buffer of the primary energy storage capacitor. A 450V470uF capacitor is selected as the primary energy storage capacitor, and a 450V330uF capacitor is selected as the secondary energy storage capacitor. When the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is higher than the set reference voltage and the secondary energy storage capacitor is not fully charged, the primary energy storage capacitor directly discharges to the secondary energy storage capacitor. When the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is lower than a set reference voltage and the secondary energy storage capacitor has electrical energy stored, the secondary energy storage capacitor charges the primary energy storage capacitor.

4. The electromagnetic gun system with switchable firing levels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge module works in a two-stage emission working state and in a single-stage emission working state in which the secondary energy storage capacitor is fully charged. When the electric energy in the energy storage capacitor exceeds a threshold value, the discharge module releases the excess energy. In the two-stage emission mode, when the voltages of the two energy storage capacitors are both too high or the voltage of one capacitor is appropriate and the voltage of the other capacitor is too high, the discharge circuit is turned on to discharge the excess energy. In the single-stage emission mode, when the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is too high and the energy storage in the secondary energy storage capacitor reaches an upper limit, the discharge circuit is turned on to discharge the excess energy in the primary energy storage capacitor. When the discharge circuit is working, the MOS tube is turned on, and the excess energy in the primary energy storage capacitor forms a loop through the discharge resistor, so that the electrical energy is converted into heat energy based on the resistor.

5. The electromagnetic gun system with switchable firing levels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The source of the MOS transistor S5 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor S6, the drain of the MOS transistor S5 is connected to the positive electrode of the primary energy storage capacitor, the source of the MOS transistor S6 is connected to the negative electrode of the secondary energy storage capacitor, one end of the energy storage inductor is connected to the source of the MOS transistor S5, and the other end is connected to the negative electrode of the primary energy storage capacitor and the positive electrode of the secondary energy storage capacitor; the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit has two operating modes in two energy flow directions, respectively, with a total of 4 operating modes. In mode 1, the MOS tube S5 is turned on, the MOS tube S6 is turned off, the current on the energy storage inductor increases, and energy is transferred from the primary energy storage capacitor to the energy storage inductor; in mode 2, the MOS tube S5 and the MOS tube S6 are both turned off, the current on the energy storage inductor is freewheeling through the secondary energy storage capacitor and the body diode of the MOS tube S6, the secondary energy storage capacitor is charged, the voltage increases, and energy is transferred from the energy storage inductor to the secondary energy storage capacitor; In mode 3, the MOS tube S6 is turned on, the MOS tube S5 is turned off, the current on the energy storage inductor increases, the current direction is opposite to that in mode 1, and energy is transferred from the secondary energy storage capacitor to the energy storage inductor; in mode 4, the MOS tube S5 and the MOS tube S6 are both turned off, the current on the energy storage inductor is freewheeling through the primary energy storage capacitor and the body diode of the MOS tube S5, the primary energy storage capacitor is charged, the voltage increases, and energy is transferred from the energy storage inductor to the secondary energy storage capacitor; when the current of the energy storage inductor exceeds the set threshold, the corresponding switch tube is turned off.

6. The electromagnetic gun system with switchable firing levels according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the MOS tube is turned on, the energy storage capacitor supplies power to the transmitting coil, and current flows through the transmitting coil. In the first-level transmitting circuit, when the MOS tube is turned on, the first-level energy storage capacitor provides energy for the first-level transmitting coil; when the MOS tube is turned off, the current in the transmitting coil is freewheeling through the freewheeling diode and the anti-reverse voltage diode, and the freewheeling diode provides a freewheeling circuit for the coil current; when other levels of transmitting coils are working, the anti-reverse voltage diode prevents the coil from generating energy backflow due to mutual inductance; the structures of the first and second level transmitting circuits are the same.

7. The electromagnetic gun system with switchable firing levels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling circuit is used to collect the current average value of the charging circuit, the instantaneous value of the inductor current in the bidirectional Buck-Boost circuit, and the voltages on the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor, and the sampling circuit is used to send a sampling signal to the MCU; The driving circuit converts the signal waveform output by the MCU into a driving waveform to drive the MOS tubes in each circuit to turn on or off; the photoelectric sensor is placed on both sides of the transmitting coil on the barrel to detect the position of the projectile in the barrel, and the MCU controls the on and off of the MOS tubes in the multi-stage transmitting circuit according to the position of the projectile; The communication circuit is used to interact with the host computer, and the capacitor voltage, current size, and emission state are observed through the communication circuit, and the corresponding parameters are modified according to actual needs; the MCU determines the operating state by receiving various information collected by the sampling circuit and the given signal provided by the host computer, and outputs the corresponding drive signal according to the preset algorithm and control strategy to control the operation of each circuit module. In the two-stage emission mode, the MCU controls the operation of the charging circuit, the discharging circuit, and the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit according to the voltage on the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor; In the single-stage transmission mode, the MCU controls the operation of each circuit according to the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor and the energy state of the secondary energy storage capacitor.

8. The electromagnetic gun system with switchable firing levels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging circuit sequentially inverts, boosts and rectifies the DC input to charge the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor. During the charging process, the sampling circuit monitors the charging current, the inductor current and the capacitor voltage in real time, and transmits this information to the MCU and its peripheral circuits. The MCU adjusts the charging current by phase shift modulation according to the received information, and realizes constant current charging by PI control. In the two-stage emission mode, the MCU controls the operation of the charging circuit, the discharging circuit and the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit according to the magnitude of the voltage on the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor collected by the sampling circuit relative to a given value; when the voltage of one capacitor is higher than a given value and the voltage of the other capacitor is lower than a given value, the charging circuit and the discharging circuit are both closed, and energy flows between the two capacitors through the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit; when the voltages of both capacitors are too high or the voltage of one capacitor is appropriate and the voltage of the other capacitor is too high, the charging circuit is closed and the discharging circuit is opened. If the voltage on the secondary energy storage capacitor is too high at this time, the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit is opened to transfer energy to the primary energy storage capacitor; when the voltages of both capacitors are lower than a given value or the voltage of one capacitor is appropriate and the voltage of the other capacitor is too high, the charging circuit is opened and the discharging circuit is closed. If the voltage on the secondary energy storage capacitor is lower than a given value at this time, the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit is opened to transfer energy from the primary energy storage capacitor to the secondary energy storage capacitor; when the voltages on both capacitors are appropriate, all MOS tubes remain closed; In the single-stage emission mode, the MCU controls the operation of each circuit according to the energy states of the primary energy storage capacitor and the secondary energy storage capacitor; when the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is too high and the energy storage in the secondary energy storage capacitor has not reached the upper limit, the primary energy storage capacitor discharges to the secondary energy storage capacitor through the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit; When the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is too high and the energy stored in the secondary energy storage capacitor has reached the upper limit, the discharge circuit is turned on to discharge the excess energy in the primary energy storage capacitor; When the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is too low and there is energy stored in the secondary energy storage capacitor, the secondary energy storage capacitor discharges to the primary energy storage capacitor through the bidirectional Buck-Boost conversion circuit; When the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is too low and the energy in the secondary energy storage capacitor is insufficient, the charging circuit is turned on to charge the primary energy storage capacitor; when the voltage of the primary energy storage capacitor is appropriate, all MOS tubes remain closed; When preparing to launch, the photoelectric sensor detects the position of the projectile in the barrel and sends the position information to the MCU. The MCU controls the on and off of the MOS tubes in the primary launch circuit and the secondary launch circuit according to the projectile position information. When the host computer sends a launch command to the MCU, the MCU controls the MOS tube in the primary launch circuit to be turned on, and the primary energy storage capacitor supplies power to the primary launch coil; when the projectile leaves the primary launch coil area, the MOS tube in the primary launch circuit is turned off, and the primary energy storage capacitor cuts off the power supply; when the projectile moves to the position of the secondary launch coil and is in a two-stage launch state, the MCU controls the MOS tube in the secondary launch circuit to be turned on, and the secondary energy storage capacitor supplies power to the secondary launch coil; when the projectile leaves the secondary launch coil area, the MOS tube in the secondary launch circuit is turned off, and the secondary energy storage capacitor cuts off the power supply.

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