A method, system and storage medium for identifying overhead wire faults based on POTDR

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of overhead wire fault detection, and more specifically to a POTDR-based overhead wire fault identification method, system, and storage medium. The method comprises: obtaining a first operating signal from a normally operating overhead wire under set environmental conditions; obtaining n fault signals from n overhead wires with different fault types; establishing a database of fault signals and fault types; changing the set environmental conditions to obtain a second operating signal from the normally operating overhead wire; obtaining a third operating signal from the overhead wire to be inspected; collecting the environmental conditions of the overhead wire to be inspected, obtaining a correction signal, obtaining a final fault signal, and combining the fault signal with the database of fault types to determine the fault type of the overhead wire to be inspected. The present invention makes fault identification of overhead wires more accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of overhead wire fault detection, and in particular to a POTDR-based overhead wire fault identification method, system and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Overhead lines refer to bare-conductor telecommunication lines installed above the ground. They are usually used to transmit telecommunication services such as telephone, telegraph, fax, and data. As overhead lines are exposed to the outside environment, they are easily affected by the environment and may fail. Common types of failures include:

[0003] Fiber break failure: The optical fiber in the optical cable is broken somewhere, causing the optical signal to be unable to pass through;

[0004] Microbend fault: The optical cable is slightly bent at a certain point, affecting the transmission quality of the optical signal;

[0005] Connector loss: Increased loss at the cable connector may be due to poor connector quality or external influences.

[0006] Fiber aging: Fiber materials age over time, resulting in decreased transmission performance;

[0007] Fiber contamination: The surface or interior of the optical fiber is contaminated, affecting the transmission of optical signals;

[0008] Fiber misalignment: The optical fiber is misaligned in the splice closure, resulting in interruption of optical signal transmission or increased loss;

[0009] Poor fiber splicing: Problems occur during the fiber splicing process, resulting in increased loss at the joint.

[0010] A fiber optic cable failure can affect the normal transmission of communications. Therefore, it is necessary to detect and identify the fault in order to perform timely repair and maintenance. Fiber optic sensing technology, due to its advantages such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, and long transmission distance, is widely used in fields such as vibration measurement and structural health monitoring. Traditional fault location technology uses optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) to locate fiber faults, but OTDR has the following problems when locating faults:

[0011] 1. Difficulty in quickly locating. For example, an OTDR may reveal that the fault is 10.0 km from the test point and 870 m from the nearest splice box. However, finding the corresponding splice box and then the corresponding fault 870 m away is very difficult on-site, unless the optical cable at the fault point is clearly damaged.

[0012] 2. It is difficult to find the target optical cable among multiple optical cables.

[0013] The above problem can be easily solved by polarization time-domain reflectometry (POTDR). When an optical fiber is deformed, the polarization state of the optical signal changes starting from the deformation location. The polarization direction of the Rayleigh scattered light at the scattering point is the same as that of the incident light. By detecting the polarization state of the backward Rayleigh scattered light and the delay time of the optical signal at the incident end of the optical fiber, the position information of the optical fiber deformation can be obtained.

[0014] However, in the process of using POTDR to detect optical fiber faults, since the optical fiber is exposed to the external environment, external factors such as wind and temperature affect the optical fiber, resulting in a certain deviation between the collected signal data and the actual data, resulting in inaccurate optical fiber fault detection results. Summary of the Invention

[0015] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method, system and storage medium for identifying overhead wire faults based on POTDR.

[0016] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0017] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for identifying an overhead wire fault based on a POTDR, comprising:

[0018] Step 1: Under set environmental conditions, pulse light is emitted to a normally operating overhead wire to collect light signals scattered back from the overhead wire. The light signals undergo polarization splitting and photoelectric conversion to become electrical signals, which are then processed to obtain a first operating signal.

[0019] Step 2: Under set environmental conditions, pulse light is emitted to n overhead lines with different fault types, and the light signals scattered back from the overhead lines are collected. The light signals are converted into electrical signals after polarization splitting and photoelectric conversion. The electrical signals are processed to obtain n fault signals.

[0020] Step 3: Using the first operation signal and the fault signal, a database of fault signals and fault types is established;

[0021] Step 4: Change the set environmental conditions, emit pulse light to the normally operating overhead wire, collect the light signal scattered by the overhead wire, and convert the light signal into an electrical signal after polarization splitting and photoelectric conversion. The electrical signal is processed to obtain a second operating signal;

[0022] Step 5: Send pulsed light to the overhead wire to be inspected, collect the light signal scattered back from the overhead wire, convert the light signal into an electrical signal after polarization splitting and photoelectric conversion, and obtain the third operating signal after signal processing;

[0023] Step 6: Collect the environmental conditions of the overhead wire to be detected, obtain a correction signal corresponding to the overhead wire to be detected based on the environmental conditions and the second operating signal, use the correction signal and the third operating signal to obtain the final fault signal of the overhead wire to be detected, and based on the final fault signal, combine the fault signal and the database of fault types to determine the fault type of the overhead wire to be detected.

[0024] Furthermore, the set environmental conditions in step 1 are specifically: normal temperature, no wind, no rain, and light intensity between 30,000-50,000 lux.

[0025] Furthermore, in step 1, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal after polarization splitting and photoelectric conversion. Specifically, the optical signal passes through a polarization beam splitter, which decomposes the optical signal into an X-light signal and a Y-light signal with orthogonal X and Y vectors. The X-light signal and the Y-light signal are respectively transmitted to an X-photoelectric converter and a Y-photoelectric converter. The X-photoelectric converter converts the X-light signal into an X-electrical signal, and the Y-photoelectric converter converts the Y-light signal into a Y-electrical signal.

[0026] Furthermore, the fault types in step 2 include fiber breakage, connector loss, fiber loss, fiber misalignment, poor fiber splicing, fiber contamination, and fiber bending.

[0027] Furthermore, in step 3, the first operating signal and the fault signal are used to establish a database of fault signals and fault types, specifically including: comparing the fault signal obtained in step 2 with the first operating signal, eliminating fault signals whose differences between the fault signal and the first operating signal are not obvious, and using the remaining fault signals and the first operating signal to establish a database of fault signals and fault types.

[0028] The remaining fault signals and the first operating signal are used as input, and the fault type and the no-fault type corresponding to the fault signal are used as output. The vgg16 model is used for deep learning to obtain a database of fault signals and fault types.

[0029] Furthermore, the changing of the set environmental conditions in step 4 specifically includes: changing one or more of temperature, wind level, light intensity and weather, wherein weather refers to sunny, rainy or snowy days.

[0030] Furthermore, changing one or more of the temperature, wind level, and light intensity may include:

[0031] The temperature is set to 7 intervals, namely:

[0032] -40℃~-20℃, -20℃~0℃, 0℃-15℃, 15℃-25℃, 25℃-35℃, 35℃-40℃, 40℃-45℃;

[0033] The wind level is divided into 13 levels from 0 to 12 according to the Beaufort wind scale;

[0034] The light intensity is set to 6 intervals, namely:

[0035] 0-2000lux, 2000-15000lux, 15000-30000lux, 30000-50000lux, 50000-75000lux, 75000-100000lux.

[0036] Furthermore, in step 6, a correction signal corresponding to the overhead wire to be detected is obtained according to the environmental conditions and the second operating signal, specifically:

[0037] Collect the ambient temperature, wind speed, light intensity and weather of the environment where the overhead wire to be inspected is located;

[0038] Determine the temperature range of the ambient temperature and obtain the temperature operation signal according to the temperature range;

[0039] Obtain wind level operation signal according to wind force level;

[0040] Determine the light intensity range in which the light intensity is located, and obtain a light operation signal according to the light intensity range;

[0041] Get weather operation signals according to the weather;

[0042] but

[0043] Correction signal = A × temperature operation signal + B × wind level operation signal + C × light operation signal + D × weather operation signal - 3 × first operation signal

[0044] Among them, A, B, C, and D are weight coefficients.

[0045] Furthermore, the ambient temperature, wind level, light intensity and weather of the environment where the overhead wire to be tested is located are compared with the set environmental conditions.

[0046] When one of the ambient temperature, wind level, light intensity and weather is different from the corresponding item in the set environmental conditions, the weight coefficient corresponding to the different item is 1;

[0047] When two or more of the ambient temperature, wind level, light intensity and weather are different from the corresponding items in the set environmental conditions, the initial values of the weight coefficients corresponding to the different items are set to: ambient temperature 0.8, wind level 0.8, light intensity 0.5, weather 0.5; if different items include both ambient temperature and wind level, the weight coefficient corresponding to the ambient temperature is reduced by 0.1; if different items include both ambient temperature and light intensity, the weight coefficient corresponding to the ambient temperature is increased by 0.1; if different items include both light intensity and weather, the weight coefficient corresponding to the light intensity is reduced by 0.1.

[0048] Furthermore, a temperature operation signal is obtained according to the temperature interval. Specifically, according to the temperature interval, after the temperature in the set environmental condition is changed to the temperature interval in step 4, the second operation signal obtained is the temperature operation signal.

[0049] Furthermore, in step 6, the correction signal and the third operating signal are used to obtain a final fault signal of the overhead wire to be detected. Specifically, the correction signal is subtracted from the third operating signal to obtain the final fault signal.

[0050] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an overhead wire fault identification system based on POTDR, which executes the above-mentioned overhead wire fault identification method based on POTDR. The overhead wire fault identification system includes: a laser, a circulator, a polarization beam splitter, an X-type photoelectric converter, a Y-type photoelectric converter, a signal collector, a signal processing system, an environmental information collection system, and a processing center. The laser emits pulsed light, which enters the circulator; the circulator is connected to the optical fiber to be tested; the other port of the circulator is connected to the polarization beam splitter; the polarization beam splitter decomposes the optical signal into an X-light signal and a Y-light signal with orthogonal X and Y vectors; the X-light signal and the Y-light signal are transmitted to the X-type photoelectric converter and the Y-type photoelectric converter, respectively.

[0051] The X-photoelectric converter and the Y-photoelectric converter convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and transmit it to the signal collector. The signal collector demodulates the electrical signal and obtains the polarization parameters and sends them to the signal processing system. The signal processing system obtains the operation signal or fault signal.

[0052] The environmental information acquisition system is used to collect the environmental information of the optical fiber under test;

[0053] The processing center obtains the fault information of the optical fiber to be tested according to the operation signal or fault signal and environmental information.

[0054] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned POTDR-based overhead line fault identification method is implemented.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0056] The POTDR-based overhead wire fault identification method provided by the present invention first measures the operating signal of the overhead wire in normal operation under specific environmental conditions, then measures the fault signals under different fault types, and establishes a relationship database between the fault signals and the fault types; then changes the environmental conditions, and measures the influence of the environmental conditions on the operating signal; then collects the operating signal of the overhead wire to be detected, uses the operating signal affected by the environment to correct the collected operating signal of the overhead wire, obtains the final fault signal after correction, and then determines the fault information of the overhead wire, including the fault type and the fault location, so that the fault identification of the overhead wire is more accurate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 This is a logic diagram of the method of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of demodulation processing performed by the signal collector in the present invention.

[0060] Description of reference numerals:

[0061] 111. Laser, 112. Circulator, 113. Optical fiber to be tested, 114. Polarization beam splitter, 115. X-type photoelectric converter, 116. Y-type photoelectric converter, 117. Signal collector, 118. Signal processing system;

[0062] 211. Multiplier, 212. Multiplier, 213. Low-pass filter, 214. Low-pass filter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements of components and steps, and numerical expressions set forth in these embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0065] The following description of exemplary embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the present invention, its application, or use in any sense. Technologies, methods, and apparatus known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail herein, but to the extent applicable, such technologies, methods, and apparatuses should be considered part of this specification.

[0066] The present invention provides a method for identifying overhead wire faults based on POTDR. Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0067] Step 1: Under set environmental conditions, pulse light is emitted to a normally operating overhead wire to collect light signals scattered back from the overhead wire. The light signals undergo polarization splitting and photoelectric conversion to become electrical signals, which are then processed to obtain a first operating signal.

[0068] The environmental conditions are set as follows: normal temperature, no wind, no rain, and light intensity between 30,000-50,000 lux.

[0069] The optical signal becomes an electrical signal after polarization beam splitting and photoelectric conversion. The specific process is as follows: the optical signal passes through the polarization beam splitter, which decomposes the optical signal into an X-light signal and a Y-light signal with orthogonal X and Y vectors. The X-light signal and the Y-light signal are respectively transmitted to the X-photoelectric converter and the Y-photoelectric converter. The X-photoelectric converter converts the X-light signal into an X-electrical signal, and the Y-photoelectric converter converts the Y-light signal into a Y-electrical signal.

[0070] Then, the mutually orthogonal X electrical signal and Y electrical signal are input into a bandpass filter to obtain an I component and a Q component, and then an IQ demodulator is used to obtain a first operating signal.

[0071] Step 2: Under set environmental conditions, pulse light is emitted to n overhead lines with different fault types, and the light signals scattered back from the overhead lines are collected. The light signals are converted into electrical signals after polarization splitting and photoelectric conversion. The electrical signals are processed to obtain n fault signals.

[0072] The fault types include fiber breakage, connector loss, fiber loss, fiber misalignment, poor fiber splicing, fiber contamination, and fiber bending. The number of overhead wire samples for each fault type should preferably be no less than 10.

[0073] Step 3: Using the first operating signal and the fault signal, a database of fault signals and fault types is established. This specifically includes comparing the fault signal obtained in step 2 with the first operating signal, eliminating fault signals with insignificant differences between the fault signals and the first operating signal, and using the remaining fault signals and the first operating signal to establish a database of fault signals and fault types. Eliminating fault signals with insignificant differences prevents false positives that could lead to inaccurate databases.

[0074] The remaining fault signals and the first operating signal are used as input, and the fault type and the no-fault type corresponding to the fault signal are used as output. The vgg16 model is used for deep learning to obtain a database of fault signals and fault types.

[0075] Step 4: Change the set environmental conditions, emit pulse light to the normally operating overhead wire, collect the light signal scattered by the overhead wire, and convert the light signal into an electrical signal after polarization splitting and photoelectric conversion. The electrical signal is processed to obtain a second operating signal;

[0076] Changing the set environmental conditions specifically includes changing one or more of temperature, wind level, light intensity, and weather, wherein weather refers to sunny, rainy, or snowy days.

[0077] Temperature, wind level, and light intensity, including:

[0078] The temperature is set to 7 intervals, namely:

[0079] -40℃~-20℃, -20℃~0℃, 0℃-15℃, 15℃-25℃, 25℃-35℃, 35℃-40℃, 40℃-45℃;

[0080] The wind level is divided into 13 levels from 0 to 12 according to the Beaufort wind scale;

[0081] The light intensity is set to 6 intervals, namely:

[0082] 0-2000lux, 2000-15000lux, 15000-30000lux, 30000-50000lux, 50000-75000lux, 75000-100000lux.

[0083] Change the temperature, wind level, light intensity and weather according to the above ranges or levels.

[0084] Step 5: Send pulse light to the overhead wire to be inspected and collect the light signal scattered back from the overhead wire. The light signal is converted into an electrical signal after polarization splitting and photoelectric conversion. The electrical signal is processed to obtain a third operating signal.

[0085] Step 6: Collect the environmental conditions of the overhead wire to be detected, and obtain a correction signal corresponding to the overhead wire to be detected based on the environmental conditions and the second operating signal, specifically:

[0086] Collect the ambient temperature, wind speed, light intensity and weather of the environment where the overhead wire to be inspected is located;

[0087] Determine the temperature range of the ambient temperature and obtain a temperature operation signal according to the temperature range; specifically: according to the temperature range, after changing the temperature in the set environmental condition to the temperature range in step 4, the second operation signal obtained is the temperature operation signal.

[0088] A wind level operation signal is obtained according to the wind force level; specifically, according to the wind force level, after changing the wind force in the set environmental conditions to the corresponding wind force level in step 4, the second operation signal obtained is the wind force operation signal.

[0089] Determine the illumination intensity range in which the illumination intensity is located, and obtain an illumination operation signal according to the illumination intensity range; specifically, according to the illumination intensity range, after changing the illumination intensity in the set environmental conditions to the corresponding illumination intensity range in step 4, the second operation signal obtained is the illumination operation signal.

[0090] A weather operation signal is obtained based on the weather. Specifically, based on the weather, after the weather in the set environmental conditions in step 4 is changed to the corresponding weather, the second operation signal obtained is the weather operation signal. If it rains, the weather is classified as rainy; if it snows, the weather is classified as snowy; all other conditions are classified as sunny.

[0091] but

[0092] Correction signal = A × temperature operation signal + B × wind level operation signal + C × light operation signal + D × weather operation signal - 3 × first operation signal

[0093] Among them, A, B, C, and D are weight coefficients.

[0094] The ambient temperature, wind level, light intensity and weather of the environment where the overhead wire to be tested is located are compared with the set environmental conditions.

[0095] When one of the ambient temperature, wind level, light intensity and weather is different from the corresponding item in the set environmental conditions, the weight coefficient corresponding to the different item is 1;

[0096] When two or more of the ambient temperature, wind level, light intensity and weather are different from the corresponding items in the set environmental conditions, the initial values of the weight coefficients corresponding to the different items are set to: ambient temperature 0.8, wind level 0.8, light intensity 0.5, weather 0.5; if different items include both ambient temperature and wind level, the weight coefficient corresponding to the ambient temperature is reduced by 0.1; if different items include both ambient temperature and light intensity, the weight coefficient corresponding to the ambient temperature is increased by 0.1; if different items include both light intensity and weather, the weight coefficient corresponding to the light intensity is reduced by 0.1.

[0097] The correction signal and the third operating signal are used to obtain a final fault signal of the overhead wire to be detected. Specifically, the correction signal is subtracted from the third operating signal to obtain the final fault signal.

[0098] Based on the final fault signal, combined with the fault signal and the database of fault types, the fault type of the overhead wire to be detected is determined.

[0099] The present invention also provides an overhead wire fault identification system based on POTDR, which executes the above-mentioned overhead wire fault identification method based on POTDR, such as Figure 2 As shown, the overhead wire fault identification system includes: a laser 111, a circulator 112, a polarization beam splitter 114, an X-type photoelectric converter 115, a Y-type photoelectric converter 116, a signal collector 117, a signal processing system 118, an environmental information collection system, and a processing center. The laser 111 emits pulsed light, which enters the circulator 112; the circulator 112 is connected to the optical fiber to be tested 113; the other port of the circulator 112 is connected to the polarization beam splitter 114; the polarization beam splitter 114 decomposes the optical signal into an X-light signal and a Y-light signal with orthogonal X and Y vectors; the X-light signal and the Y-light signal are transmitted to the X-type photoelectric converter 115 and the Y-type photoelectric converter 116, respectively.

[0100] The X photoelectric converter 115 and the Y photoelectric converter 116 convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and transmit it to the signal collector 117. The signal collector 117 demodulates the electrical signal to obtain polarization parameters and transmits them to the signal processing system 118. The signal processing system 118 obtains an operation signal or a fault signal. Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the demodulation process performed by the signal collector 117 is shown. IQ demodulation is to construct two orthogonal signals of the same frequency according to the carrier frequency of the intermediate frequency signal to simulate the local oscillator signal L. I 、L Q :

[0101]

[0102] Figure 3 The input IF in L I 、LQ After multiplication by multipliers 211 and 212, high-frequency components are filtered out through low-pass filters 213 and 214, and two orthogonal components are output: I component and Q component. Then, after division and arc tangent calculation, the correlation signal is obtained.

[0103] The environmental information acquisition system is used to collect the environmental information of the optical fiber under test;

[0104] The processing center obtains the fault information of the optical fiber to be tested according to the operation signal or fault signal and environmental information.

[0105] In addition, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned POTDR-based overhead line fault identification method is implemented.

[0106] The above specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of these should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for identifying overhead line faults based on POTDR, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Under set environmental conditions, pulse light is emitted to a normally operating overhead wire to collect light signals scattered back from the overhead wire. The light signals undergo polarization splitting and photoelectric conversion to become electrical signals, which are then processed to obtain a first operating signal. Step 2: Under set environmental conditions, pulse light is emitted to n overhead lines with different fault types, and the light signals scattered back from the overhead lines are collected. The light signals are converted into electrical signals after polarization splitting and photoelectric conversion. The electrical signals are processed to obtain n fault signals. Step 3: Using the first operation signal and the fault signal, a database of fault signals and fault types is established; Step 4: Change the set environmental conditions, emit pulse light to the normally operating overhead wire, collect the light signal scattered by the overhead wire, and convert the light signal into an electrical signal after polarization splitting and photoelectric conversion. The electrical signal is processed to obtain a second operating signal; Step 5: Send pulsed light to the overhead wire to be inspected, collect the light signal scattered back from the overhead wire, convert the light signal into an electrical signal after polarization splitting and photoelectric conversion, and obtain the third operating signal after signal processing; Step 6: Collect the environmental conditions of the overhead wire to be detected, obtain a correction signal corresponding to the overhead wire to be detected based on the environmental conditions and the second operating signal, use the correction signal and the third operating signal to obtain a final fault signal of the overhead wire to be detected, and determine the fault type of the overhead wire to be detected based on the final fault signal in combination with the fault signal and the database of fault types; Changing the set environmental conditions in step 4 specifically includes changing one or more of temperature, wind level, light intensity, and weather, where weather refers to sunny, rainy, or snowy days; Changing one or more of the following: temperature, wind level, and light intensity: The temperature is set to 7 intervals, namely: -40℃～-20℃，-20℃～0℃，0℃-15℃，15℃-25℃，25℃-35℃，35℃-40℃，40℃-45℃； The wind level is divided into 13 levels from 0 to 12 according to the Beaufort wind scale; The light intensity is set to 6 intervals, namely: 0-2000lux, 2000-15000lux, 15000-30000lux, 30000-50000lux, 50000-75000lux, 75000-100000lux; In step 6, a correction signal corresponding to the overhead wire to be detected is obtained according to the environmental conditions and the second operating signal, specifically: Collect the ambient temperature, wind speed, light intensity and weather of the environment where the overhead wire to be inspected is located; Determine the temperature range of the ambient temperature and obtain the temperature operation signal according to the temperature range; Obtain wind level operation signal according to wind force level; Determine the light intensity range in which the light intensity is located, and obtain a light operation signal according to the light intensity range; Get weather operation signals according to the weather; but Correction signal = A × temperature operation signal + B × wind level operation signal + C × light operation signal + D × weather operation signal - 3 × first operation signal Among them, A, B, C, and D are weight coefficients; The correction signal and the third operating signal are used to obtain a final fault signal of the overhead wire to be detected. Specifically, the correction signal is subtracted from the third operating signal to obtain the final fault signal.

2. The method for identifying overhead wire faults according to claim 1, wherein: The environmental conditions set in step 1 are: normal temperature, no wind, no rain, and light intensity between 30,000 and 50,000 lux.

3. The method for identifying overhead wire faults according to claim 1, wherein: In step 1, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal after polarization beam splitting and photoelectric conversion. Specifically, the optical signal passes through a polarization beam splitter, which decomposes the optical signal into an X-light signal and a Y-light signal with orthogonal X and Y vectors. The X-light signal and the Y-light signal are respectively transmitted to an X-photoelectric converter and a Y-photoelectric converter. The X-photoelectric converter converts the X-light signal into an X-electrical signal, and the Y-photoelectric converter converts the Y-light signal into a Y-electrical signal.

4. The method for identifying overhead wire faults according to claim 1, wherein: The fault types in step 2 include fiber breakage, connector loss, fiber loss, fiber misalignment, poor fiber splicing, fiber contamination, and fiber bending.

5. The method for identifying overhead wire faults according to claim 1, wherein: The ambient temperature, wind level, light intensity and weather of the environment where the overhead wire to be tested is located are compared with the set environmental conditions. When one of the ambient temperature, wind level, light intensity and weather is different from the corresponding item in the set environmental conditions, the weight coefficient corresponding to the different item is 1; When two or more of the ambient temperature, wind level, light intensity and weather are different from the corresponding items in the set environmental conditions, the initial values of the weight coefficients corresponding to the different items are set to: ambient temperature 0.8, wind level 0.8, light intensity 0.5, weather 0.5; if different items include both ambient temperature and wind level, the weight coefficient corresponding to the ambient temperature is reduced by 0.1; if different items include both ambient temperature and light intensity, the weight coefficient corresponding to the ambient temperature is increased by 0.1; if different items include both light intensity and weather, the weight coefficient corresponding to the light intensity is reduced by 0.

1.

6. The method for identifying overhead wire faults according to claim 1, wherein: The temperature operation signal is obtained according to the temperature interval. Specifically, according to the temperature interval, after the temperature in the set environmental condition is changed to the temperature interval in step 4, the second operation signal obtained is the temperature operation signal.

7. A POTDR-based overhead wire fault identification system, which implements the POTDR-based overhead wire fault identification method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The overhead wire fault identification system includes: a laser, a circulator, a polarization beam splitter, an X-type photoelectric converter, a Y-type photoelectric converter, a signal collector, a signal processing system, an environmental information collection system, and a processing center. The laser emits pulsed light, which enters the circulator; the circulator is connected to the optical fiber to be tested; another port of the circulator is connected to the polarization beam splitter; the polarization beam splitter decomposes the optical signal into an X-type light signal and a Y-type light signal, in which the X and Y vectors are orthogonal; the X-type light signal and the Y-type light signal are transmitted to the X-type photoelectric converter and the Y-type photoelectric converter, respectively. The X-photoelectric converter and the Y-photoelectric converter convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and transmit it to the signal collector. The signal collector demodulates the electrical signal and obtains the polarization parameters and sends them to the signal processing system. The signal processing system obtains the operation signal or fault signal. The environmental information acquisition system is used to collect the environmental information of the optical fiber under test; The processing center obtains the fault information of the optical fiber to be tested according to the operation signal or fault signal and environmental information.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the POTDR-based overhead line fault identification method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

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