Air spring performance degradation analysis method, device and equipment based on structural characteristics

Abstract

The present invention provides a method, device and equipment for predicting the performance degradation of an air spring based on structural characteristics, and relates to the technical field of air springs. The method comprises: obtaining the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated; inputting the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters into an air spring performance degradation model to obtain fatigue loading parameters output by the air spring performance degradation model; wherein the air spring performance degradation model is a pre-constructed model of the mathematical relationship between the fatigue loading parameters of the air spring and the dynamic stiffness of the air spring; based on the fatigue loading parameters, the fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated is determined. This method can pre-estimate the fatigue characteristics of the air spring according to the actual application scenarios of the vehicle in the early stages of vehicle design, thereby helping to design stable and reliable air springs, improve product reliability, and shorten the development cycle, so that companies do not need to undergo many experiments to design air springs, saving development costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air springs, and in particular to a method, device and equipment for analyzing air spring performance degradation based on structural characteristics. Background Art

[0002] The air suspension system is a critical chassis subsystem for vehicles, crucial to ride comfort. It supports the vehicle's weight and attenuates vibrations transmitted from the road surface. The advantages of an air suspension system stem from its elastic element—the air spring. Unlike traditional coil springs or leaf springs, air springs utilize high-pressure air within the airbag as a force transmission medium, offering a wide load range and are currently being widely used in automobiles and rail vehicles.

[0003] The fatigue life of air springs is crucial to vehicle safety, reliability, and passenger comfort. In recent years, research into air spring / air suspension performance degradation has gradually emerged. For example, some analytical studies have shown that factors influencing air spring fatigue life include air spring design and chassis design. However, these analyses only provide qualitative conclusions and lack specific quantitative analysis patterns for air spring fatigue models. Consequently, there is a lack of accurate quantitative analysis models to provide theoretical support for air spring design and material selection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method, device and equipment for analyzing air spring performance degradation based on structural characteristics, which is used to solve the defect of the existing technology that there is a lack of accurate air spring performance degradation analysis model and realize accurate calculation of the fatigue life of the air spring according to the mathematical model.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for analyzing air spring performance degradation based on structural characteristics, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Obtain the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated;

[0007] Inputting the dynamic stiffness and the structural parameters into an air spring performance degradation model to obtain fatigue loading parameters output by the air spring performance degradation model; wherein the air spring performance degradation model is a pre-constructed model of the mathematical relationship between the fatigue loading parameters of the air spring and the dynamic stiffness of the air spring;

[0008] The fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated is determined based on the fatigue loading parameter.

[0009] According to a method for analyzing air spring performance degradation based on structural characteristics provided by the present invention, determining the fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated based on the fatigue loading parameters includes:

[0010] Comparing the fatigue parameter with a pre-built fatigue life mapping relationship table to obtain the fatigue life matching the fatigue parameter;

[0011] The pre-built fatigue life mapping relationship table is used to characterize the mapping relationship between different fatigue lives and fatigue loading parameters of different sizes.

[0012] According to a method for analyzing air spring performance degradation based on structural characteristics provided by the present invention, obtaining the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated includes:

[0013] Using a frequency response analyzer to collect the dynamic stiffness of the air spring to be evaluated;

[0014] Structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated are collected.

[0015] According to a method for analyzing air spring performance degradation based on structural characteristics provided by the present invention, the air spring performance degradation model is:

[0016] ; (1)

[0017] ; (2)

[0018] ; (3)

[0019] ; (4)

[0020] ; (5)

[0021] in, is the dynamic stiffness of the air spring, is the excitation frequency, is the effective area of ​​the air spring, is the effective area of ​​the air spring Stiffness due to vertical displacement changes; It is the stiffness generated by the high-pressure gas inside the air bag; It is the equivalent damping generated by the heat exchange between the high-pressure gas inside the air bag and the outside world; Indicates the pressure inside the air spring body volume; is the initial pressure of the gas inside the air spring; Indicates the atmospheric pressure of the external environment; is the gas polyvariability index; is the initial airbag volume of the airbag; is the specific heat at constant volume; is the initial gas mass in the air bag; is the equivalent heat transfer coefficient;

[0022] is the additional stiffness generated by the lug bending moment; N is the number of fatigue loading; is the effective radius of the air spring; The thickness of the internal reinforcement composite material between the inner and outer rubber layers in the airbag structure; is the volume fraction of the cord; is the initial Young's modulus of the cord; c is the correction coefficient for the number of fatigue loading N; is the cord inclination angle; is the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material of the air spring at zero strain; is the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material under infinite strain; b is the hardening coefficient related to the rubber material and loading conditions; is the total fatigue life of the rubber material, measured by test or specified artificially; is the piston inclination angle; A is the excitation amplitude, is the characteristic amplitude of the rubber airbag; is the total thickness of the airbag; The thickness of the reinforced composite material layer inside the airbag layer; is an empirical parameter related to the fractal dimension of rubber.

[0023] According to a method for analyzing air spring performance degradation based on structural characteristics provided by the present invention, the method of collecting the dynamic stiffness of the air spring to be evaluated using a frequency response analyzer includes:

[0024] The dynamic stiffness of the air spring to be evaluated is obtained by analyzing the air spring hysteresis curve.

[0025] According to a structural characteristics-based air spring performance degradation analysis method provided by the present invention, the air spring to be evaluated is a membrane air spring.

[0026] The present invention also provides an air spring performance degradation analysis device based on structural characteristics, comprising the following modules:

[0027] A parameter acquisition module is used to obtain the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated;

[0028] a fatigue loading parameter calculation module, configured to input the dynamic stiffness and the structural parameters into an air spring performance degradation model to obtain fatigue loading parameters output by the air spring performance degradation model; wherein the air spring performance degradation model is a pre-constructed model of the mathematical relationship between the fatigue loading parameters of the air spring and the dynamic stiffness of the air spring;

[0029] A fatigue life determination module is used to determine the fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated based on the fatigue loading parameter.

[0030] The present invention also provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the air spring performance degradation analysis method based on structural characteristics as described above is implemented.

[0031] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for analyzing air spring performance degradation based on structural characteristics as described above is implemented.

[0032] The present invention also provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements any of the above-mentioned air spring performance degradation analysis methods based on structural characteristics.

[0033] The present invention provides a method, device, and apparatus for analyzing air spring performance degradation based on structural characteristics. The method obtains the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated; inputs the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters into an air spring performance degradation model to obtain fatigue loading parameters output by the air spring performance degradation model; wherein the air spring performance degradation model is a pre-constructed model of the mathematical relationship between the fatigue loading parameters of the air spring and the dynamic stiffness of the air spring; and based on the fatigue loading parameters, the fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated is determined. This method can pre-estimate the fatigue characteristics of the air spring based on the actual application scenario of the vehicle at the early stage of vehicle design, thereby helping to design stable and reliable air springs, improving product reliability, and shortening the development cycle, eliminating the need for companies to conduct numerous experiments to design air springs, thus saving development costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the membrane type air spring provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the air spring performance degradation analysis method based on structural characteristics provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the model parameters of the air spring provided by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the airbag of the air spring provided by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the airbag structure and layer height of the air spring provided by the present invention.

[0040] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the hysteresis curve of the air spring provided by the present invention.

[0041] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the air spring performance degradation analysis device based on structural characteristics provided by the present invention.

[0042] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the electronic device provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The following combination Figures 1-8 Specific embodiments of the present invention are described.

[0045] First, let's briefly introduce the structure of air springs. Air springs can be divided into single-chamber air springs and air springs with additional air chambers. Single-chamber air springs have two main structural forms: bladder air springs and membrane air springs. This application uses membrane air springs as the research object and describes a method for analyzing the performance degradation of membrane air springs.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The diagram below is a schematic diagram of the structure of a model air spring. The membrane air spring consists of an upper cover plate, an airbag, and a piston with a certain arc profile. By designing the curvature of the outer contour curve of the piston, different stiffness characteristics can be designed.

[0047] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the air spring performance degradation analysis method based on structural characteristics provided by the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following:

[0048] Step 201, obtaining the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated;

[0049] The air spring to be evaluated is the one whose fatigue life needs to be assessed. The dynamic stiffness of an air spring refers to the ratio of its deformation under an external load to the rate of change of the applied load. Dynamic stiffness reflects the air spring's ability to resist deformation under dynamic load and is a key indicator of its dynamic characteristics. Dynamic stiffness is related to the air spring's rubber material, structure, internal gas pressure, and excitation frequency.

[0050] Structural parameters include: effective radius of air spring , total thickness of airbag , the thickness of the internal reinforcement composite material between the inner and outer rubber layers in the airbag structure , piston inclination , cord inclination , cord volume fraction wait.

[0051] Specifically, the dynamic stiffness of the air spring to be evaluated can be measured, for example, by applying different static loads to the air spring and measuring the relationship between its deformation and the applied force, thereby calculating the dynamic stiffness value. Alternatively, specialized equipment such as a frequency response analyzer can be used to stimulate the air spring with an excitation signal of a certain frequency and calculate the dynamic stiffness value by measuring its vibration response. The aforementioned structural parameters can be obtained through measurement.

[0052] Step 202: Input the dynamic stiffness and the structural parameters into an air spring performance degradation model to obtain fatigue loading parameters output by the air spring performance degradation model; wherein the air spring performance degradation model is a pre-constructed model of the mathematical relationship between the fatigue loading parameters of the air spring and the dynamic stiffness of the air spring;

[0053] The air spring performance degradation model is a pre-built mathematical relationship model between the fatigue loading parameters of the air spring and the dynamic stiffness of the air spring, as follows:

[0054] ; (1)

[0055] ; (2)

[0056] ; (3)

[0057] ; (4)

[0058] ; (5)

[0059] in, is the dynamic stiffness of the air spring, is the excitation frequency, is the effective area of ​​the air spring, is the effective area of ​​the air spring Stiffness due to vertical displacement changes; It is the stiffness generated by the high-pressure gas inside the air bag; It is the equivalent damping generated by the heat exchange between the high-pressure gas inside the air bag and the outside world; Indicates the pressure inside the air spring body volume; is the initial pressure of the gas inside the air spring; Indicates the atmospheric pressure of the external environment; is the gas polytropic index, which depends on the speed of spring deformation. It is 1.0 in static state for isothermal process and close to 1.4 in dynamic state for adiabatic process. is the initial airbag volume of the airbag; is the specific heat at constant volume; is the initial gas mass in the air bag; is the equivalent heat transfer coefficient;

[0060] is the additional stiffness generated by the lug bending moment; N is the number of fatigue loading; is the effective radius of the air spring; The thickness of the internal reinforcement composite material between the inner and outer rubber layers in the airbag structure; is the volume fraction of the cord; is the initial Young's modulus of the cord; c is the correction coefficient for the number of fatigue loading N; is the cord inclination angle; is the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material of the air spring at zero strain; is the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material under infinite strain; b is the hardening coefficient related to the rubber material and loading conditions; It is the total fatigue life of the rubber material, generally measured by test or specified manually; is the piston inclination angle; A is the excitation amplitude, is the characteristic amplitude of the rubber airbag; is the total thickness of the airbag; The thickness of the reinforced composite material layer inside the airbag layer; It is an empirical parameter related to the fractal dimension of rubber and is determined by experiments.

[0061] Specifically, the dynamic stiffness of the air spring to be evaluated obtained by the above measurement is The structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated are input into the above model, and the fatigue loading parameter N (ie, the number of fatigue loading times) of the air spring to be evaluated can be calculated.

[0062] The theoretical derivation process of the model is as follows:

[0063] First, if Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 It is a parameter diagram of the air spring. Figure 3 middle, is the gas temperature inside the air spring bag, is the gas mass inside the air spring airbag. According to existing research, the frequency correlation model of the dynamic characteristics of the air spring is:

[0064] ; (6)

[0065] ; (7)

[0066] ; (8)

[0067] ; (9)

[0068] in, is the dynamic stiffness generated by the gas in the air spring, is the excitation frequency, is the effective area of ​​the air spring Stiffness due to displacement in the z direction; It is the stiffness generated by the high-pressure gas inside the air bag; It is the equivalent damping generated by the heat exchange between the high-pressure gas inside the air bag and the outside world; Indicates the pressure inside the air spring body volume; is the initial pressure of the gas inside the air spring; Indicates the atmospheric pressure of the external environment; is the gas polytropic index, which depends on the speed of spring deformation. It is 1.0 in static state for isothermal process and close to 1.4 in dynamic state for adiabatic process. is the initial airbag volume of the airbag; is the specific heat at constant volume; is the initial gas mass in the air bag; is the equivalent heat transfer coefficient; is the effective area of ​​the air spring The rate of change of displacement in the z direction, where the z direction is the vertical direction.

[0069] Storage modulus of the airbag structure of the membrane air spring The relationship between it and the excitation amplitude A is:

[0070] ; (10)

[0071] in, is the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material of the air spring at zero strain, is the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material under infinite strain, A is the excitation amplitude, is the characteristic amplitude of the rubber airbag; It is an empirical parameter related to the fractal dimension of rubber and is determined by experiments.

[0072] Because the Young's modulus of both the rubber and cord materials of the air conditioner springs changes when their performance degrades, this application, based on the rubber airbag structure, uses composite material theory and performance degradation theory to explain the physical mechanism of the device and conducts experimental verification.

[0073] First, under different times of fatigue loading, the Young's modulus of the cord and rubber material inside the air spring rubber airbag will usually change. It is generally believed that as the fatigue loading continues, the elastic modulus of the cord (also known as Young's modulus) will gradually decrease. This decrease indicates that the bearing capacity of the cord is weakened, resulting in the cord being unable to effectively support the rubber layer when the airbag inflates, making the air spring more likely to deform under the same load.

[0074] According to fatigue damage accumulation theory, materials gradually accumulate microscopic damage during fatigue loading, including the formation of microcracks, fiber breakage, and the expansion of internal defects. As the number of fatigue loading cycles (N) increases, this damage continues to accumulate, leading to a decrease in the material's mechanical properties, particularly its Young's modulus.

[0075] This application uses a continuous damage mechanics model based on damage variables to describe the material degradation during fatigue. The model characterizes the degradation of the material under fatigue loading by defining damage variables. The change with damage (i.e. fatigue loading times N) can be expressed as:

[0076] ; (11)

[0077] in, is the initial Young's modulus of the cord; N is the number of fatigue loading; c is the correction coefficient for the number of fatigue loading N.

[0078] Rubber materials and rubber composites can experience fatigue hardening under high-frequency, long-term fatigue loading, meaning the material's stiffness gradually increases within a specific fatigue stage. This phenomenon occurs due to the further orientation of the rubber's molecular chain structure after high stress and repeated loading.

[0079] This application normalizes the number of loading times N to facilitate the representation of the accelerated hardening of the material during the entire fatigue process. Assuming that the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material is The fatigue loading times N vary as follows:

[0080] ; (12)

[0081] in, is the initial Young's modulus of the rubber material; N is the number of fatigue loading; is the total fatigue life of the rubber material (i.e., the limit value of the fatigue loading times), which is used to reflect the rate at which Young's modulus changes with the fatigue loading times; a is the growth exponent of accelerated growth; b is the hardening coefficient related to the rubber material and loading conditions, which is used to describe the degree of hardening of the material.

[0082] Next, based on the airbag structure design, the relationship between dynamic stiffness and performance degradation law is established. This application assumes that the dynamic stiffness generated by the airbag is mainly composed of the drop ear bending moment. Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the airbag cross section.

[0083] like Figure 4 As shown, the internal bending moment (perpendicular to the cross section) at the angle θ of the ear section airbag is , the vertical tension on the airbag is P, the radius of the ear is r, and the piston inclination angle is , is the equivalent Young's modulus (the Young's modulus of all materials in the entire airbag layer). Using the principle of minimum complementary energy, the internal bending moment due to the ear can be derived. The additional displacement generated The expression:

[0084] ; (13)

[0085] in, It is the moment of inertia of the cross section along the bending direction at the lug, generated by the interaction of the cord and the rubber material; is the equivalent Young's modulus; is the bending stiffness; is the internal bending moment of the airbag at the angle θ in the ear section; P is the vertical tension on the airbag; r is the radius of the ear; is the piston inclination angle; θ is the angle between the vertical line and the lug bending moment. In addition, Figure 4 middle, It represents the tangential force on the ear; It is the vertical force transmitted by the air spring.

[0086] When calculating the stiffness of the drop ear caused by bending moment, it is necessary to clarify the bending stiffness The design structure of the air spring shows that the rubber airbag structure has rubber layers on both the inside and outside, which provide protection; the middle layer is a cord-rubber reinforced composite material layer, which mainly stabilizes the structure and provides tensile stiffness. Therefore, the cross-sectional bending stiffness cannot be analyzed simply using material mechanics methods. Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the airbag structure and cord layer is shown. Assume that the total thickness of the airbag is The thickness of the reinforced composite material layer inside the airbag layer is ;

[0087] According to the definition of cross-sectional bending stiffness EI (where E is the elastic modulus of the material and I is the moment of inertia of the cross section about the neutral axis, which is related to the shape and size of the cross section), combined with the physical meaning and actual situation, the influence of Poisson's ratio on displacement and elastic modulus is ignored here. The expression of cross-sectional bending stiffness can be obtained based on elastic mechanics as follows:

[0088] ; (14)

[0089] in, is the bending stiffness, is the elastic modulus of the airbag rubber material, is the moment of inertia about the central axis in the interface; is the Young's modulus along the central axis of the air spring; z is the air spring stroke; A is the excitation amplitude; is the effective radius of the air spring; is the volume fraction of the cord; is the initial Young's modulus of the cord; N is the number of fatigue loading; c is the correction coefficient for the number of fatigue loading N; is the cord inclination angle; is the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material of the air spring at zero strain; b is the hardening coefficient related to the rubber material and loading conditions; is the total fatigue life of the rubber material; The growth exponent of accelerated growth is an empirical parameter and is a constant; is the total thickness of the airbag; It is the thickness of the reinforced composite material layer inside the airbag layer.

[0090] Substituting Equation (14) into Equation (13), we can obtain the additional stiffness generated by the ear bending moment of the airbag: By further integrating the piston inclination angle, we can obtain the expression for the dynamic stiffness generated by the rubber airbag. This expression comprehensively considers the structural design, performance degradation characteristics, material and structural parameters of the airbag, and can accurately represent the contribution of the airbag to the dynamic stiffness in addition to the gas stiffness (i.e., the additional stiffness generated by the airbag's ear bending moment). Some of the parameters in the formula can be directly measured, while some parameters need to be determined through experiments.

[0091] ; (15)

[0092] in, is the additional stiffness generated by the droop bending moment of the airbag; P is the vertical tension on the airbag; is the internal bending moment due to the drop ear The additional displacement generated (see formula (13)); is the effective radius; The thickness of the reinforced composite material layer inside the airbag layer; is the volume fraction of the cord; is the Young's modulus of the cord during performance degradation; is the cord inclination angle; is the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material of the air spring at zero strain; is the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material under infinite strain; A is the excitation amplitude; is the characteristic amplitude (which can be measured experimentally); It is an empirical parameter related to the fractal dimension of rubber and is determined by experiments; is the total thickness of the rubber airbag; r is the radius of the ear; is the piston inclination angle; is the initial Young's modulus of the cord; c is the correction factor for the number of fatigue loading N; N is the number of fatigue loading; b is the hardening coefficient related to the rubber material and loading conditions; is the total fatigue life of the rubber material.

[0093] This formula can be used to calculate the dynamic stiffness contributed by the airbag in the early stages of manufacturing and testing.

[0094] In summary, the dynamic stiffness of the membrane air spring at low amplitude should be composed of the dynamic stiffness generated by the gas and the dynamic stiffness generated by the rubber airbag. Based on the actual design, the two should be in parallel in structure. Therefore, combined with the dynamic stiffness expressions (6)-(9) generated by the gas, the overall dynamic stiffness expression of the membrane air spring can be obtained as follows:

[0095] ; (16)

[0096] in, is the additional stiffness caused by the ear bending moment of the airbag; is the effective area of ​​the air spring Stiffness due to vertical displacement changes; is the stiffness generated by the high-pressure gas inside the airbag; It is the equivalent damping generated by the heat exchange between the high-pressure gas inside the airbag and the outside world; is the excitation frequency; is the overall dynamic stiffness of the membrane air spring.

[0097] From a structural point of view, the storage modulus generated by the airbag can be equivalent to a spring element, but the effect of the loss modulus cannot be equivalent to damping. This is because it is only a function of the excitation amplitude and has nothing to do with the frequency. The above analysis reflects the frequency correlation and amplitude correlation of the dynamic stiffness of the membrane air spring. This section of the theory decouples these two parts and proposes clear analytical expressions for each part. Next, we will introduce the method for processing the test data. After the hysteresis curve is obtained by performing the air spring dynamometer test, the dynamic stiffness of the air spring must first be calculated based on the curve characteristics. Assume that the hysteresis characteristic diagram of the air spring dynamometer test is as follows Figure 6 As shown, the coordinate origin is the initial equilibrium position, Indicates the air spring travel.

[0098] According to the general calculation method of hysteresis characteristics, the maximum and minimum values ​​of force F and displacement z (subscript max, min) and the area enclosed by the hysteresis curve are used. Real part of dynamic stiffness and the imaginary part Identify. Use the experimental hysteresis curve to analyze the real part and imaginary part of the dynamic stiffness of the air spring, and then compare and analyze it with the theory. The real part of the dynamic stiffness is similar to the stiffness of a spring, and the imaginary part of the dynamic stiffness represents the damping characteristics, which is why the hysteresis curve is not a slant line. Its hysteresis area is the lost energy. The identification method is shown in Equation (17):

[0099] ; (17)

[0100] in, is the dynamic stiffness of the air spring; Dynamic stiffness The real part of Dynamic stiffness The imaginary part of is the maximum vertical force relative to the equilibrium position of the air spring; is the minimum vertical force relative to the air spring equilibrium position; is the damping hysteresis angle; is the area enclosed by the hysteresis curve; is the maximum value of the air spring stroke z; is the minimum value of the air spring travel z.

[0101] Step 203: Determine the fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated based on the fatigue loading parameter.

[0102] Specifically, the fatigue parameters are compared with a pre-constructed fatigue life mapping relationship table to obtain the fatigue life that matches the fatigue parameters; wherein the pre-constructed fatigue life mapping relationship table is used to characterize the mapping relationship between different fatigue lives and fatigue loading parameters of different sizes.

[0103] In the above embodiment, the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated are obtained; these dynamic stiffness and structural parameters are input into an air spring performance degradation model to obtain fatigue loading parameters output by the air spring performance degradation model. The air spring performance degradation model is a pre-constructed mathematical relationship model between the fatigue loading parameters and the dynamic stiffness of the air spring; and based on the fatigue loading parameters, the fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated is determined. This method can pre-estimate the fatigue characteristics of air springs based on the actual application scenarios of the vehicle during the initial stages of vehicle design. This can help design stable and reliable air springs, improve product reliability, and shorten the development cycle, eliminating the need for companies to conduct extensive testing to design air springs, thus saving development costs.

[0104] The air spring performance degradation analysis device based on structural characteristics provided by the present invention is described below. The air spring performance degradation analysis device based on structural characteristics described below and the air spring performance degradation analysis method based on structural characteristics described above can refer to each other.

[0105] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the air spring performance degradation analysis device based on structural characteristics provided by the present invention includes:

[0106] Parameter acquisition module 701, used to obtain the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated;

[0107] a fatigue loading parameter calculation module 702 for inputting the dynamic stiffness and the structural parameters into an air spring performance degradation model to obtain fatigue loading parameters output by the air spring performance degradation model; wherein the air spring performance degradation model is a pre-constructed model of the mathematical relationship between the fatigue loading parameters of the air spring and the dynamic stiffness of the air spring;

[0108] The fatigue life determination module 703 is configured to determine the fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated based on the fatigue loading parameters.

[0109] In one embodiment, the fatigue life determination module 703 is further configured to: compare the fatigue parameter with a pre-built fatigue life mapping relationship table to obtain the fatigue life that matches the fatigue parameter;

[0110] The pre-built fatigue life mapping relationship table is used to characterize the mapping relationship between different fatigue lives and fatigue loading parameters of different sizes.

[0111] In one embodiment, the parameter acquisition module 701 is further configured to: acquire the dynamic stiffness of the air spring to be evaluated using a frequency response analyzer; and acquire structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated.

[0112] In one embodiment, the air spring performance degradation model is as shown in the above formulas (1)-(5), which will not be repeated here.

[0113] In one embodiment, the parameter acquisition module 701 is further configured to:

[0114] The dynamic stiffness of the air spring to be evaluated is obtained by analyzing the air spring hysteresis curve.

[0115] In one embodiment, the air spring to be evaluated is a membrane air spring.

[0116] Figure 8 An example of a physical structure diagram of an electronic device is shown below. Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 810, a communications interface 820, a memory 830, and a communications bus 840, wherein the processor 810, the communications interface 820, and the memory 830 communicate with each other via the communications bus 840. The processor 810 may call logic instructions in the memory 830 to execute an air spring performance degradation analysis method based on structural characteristics. The method includes: obtaining the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated; inputting the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters into an air spring performance degradation model to obtain fatigue loading parameters output by the air spring performance degradation model; wherein the air spring performance degradation model is a pre-constructed model of the mathematical relationship between the fatigue loading parameters and the dynamic stiffness of the air spring; and determining the fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated based on the fatigue loading parameters.

[0117] Furthermore, the logic instructions in the aforementioned memory 830 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product, stored in a storage medium, includes instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0118] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program, which can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the air spring performance degradation analysis method based on structural characteristics provided by the above methods, and the method includes: obtaining the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated; inputting the dynamic stiffness and the structural parameters into the air spring performance degradation model to obtain the fatigue loading parameters output by the air spring performance degradation model; wherein the air spring performance degradation model is a pre-constructed model of the mathematical relationship between the fatigue loading parameters of the air spring and the dynamic stiffness of the air spring; based on the fatigue loading parameters, determining the fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated.

[0119] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to execute the air spring performance degradation analysis method based on structural characteristics provided by the above-mentioned methods, the method comprising: obtaining the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated; inputting the dynamic stiffness and the structural parameters into an air spring performance degradation model to obtain fatigue loading parameters output by the air spring performance degradation model; wherein the air spring performance degradation model is a pre-constructed model of the mathematical relationship between the fatigue loading parameters of the air spring and the dynamic stiffness of the air spring; based on the fatigue loading parameters, determining the fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated.

[0120] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one location or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected based on actual needs to achieve the objectives of the present embodiment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will be able to understand and implement the present invention without inventive effort.

[0121] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented using software plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, hardware. Based on this understanding, the essence of the above technical solution, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and includes a number of instructions for causing a computer device (such as a personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or certain portions of the embodiments.

[0122] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing air spring performance degradation based on structural characteristics, characterized in that: include: Obtain the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated; Inputting the dynamic stiffness and the structural parameters into an air spring performance degradation model to obtain fatigue loading parameters output by the air spring performance degradation model; wherein the air spring performance degradation model is a pre-constructed model of the mathematical relationship between the fatigue loading parameters of the air spring and the dynamic stiffness of the air spring; Wherein, the air spring performance degradation model is: ；（1） ；（2） ；（3） ；（4） ；（5） in, is the dynamic stiffness of the air spring, is the excitation frequency, is the effective area of ​​the air spring, is the effective area of ​​the air spring Stiffness due to vertical displacement changes; It is the stiffness generated by the high-pressure gas inside the air bag; It is the equivalent damping generated by the heat exchange between the high-pressure gas inside the air bag and the outside world; Indicates the pressure inside the air spring body volume; is the initial pressure of the gas inside the air spring; Indicates the atmospheric pressure of the external environment; is the gas polyvariability index; is the initial airbag volume of the airbag; is the specific heat at constant volume; is the initial gas mass in the air bag; is the equivalent heat transfer coefficient; is the additional stiffness generated by the lug bending moment; N is the number of fatigue loading; is the effective radius of the air spring; The thickness of the internal reinforcement composite material between the inner and outer rubber layers in the airbag structure; is the volume fraction of the cord; is the initial Young's modulus of the cord; c is the correction coefficient for the number of fatigue loading N; is the cord inclination angle; is the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material of the air spring at zero strain; is the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material under infinite strain; b is the hardening coefficient related to the rubber material and loading conditions; is the total fatigue life of the rubber material, measured by test or specified artificially; is the piston inclination angle; A is the excitation amplitude, is the characteristic amplitude of the rubber airbag; is the total thickness of the airbag; The thickness of the reinforced composite material layer inside the airbag layer; is an empirical parameter related to the fractal dimension of rubber; The fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated is determined based on the fatigue loading parameter.

2. The air spring performance degradation analysis method based on structural characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining the fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated based on the fatigue loading parameter includes: The fatigue loading parameters are compared with a pre-constructed fatigue life mapping relationship table to obtain the fatigue life that matches the fatigue loading parameters.

3. The air spring performance degradation analysis based on structural characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated includes: Using a frequency response analyzer to collect the dynamic stiffness of the air spring to be evaluated; Structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated are collected.

4. The air spring performance degradation analysis method based on structural characteristics according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The collecting the dynamic stiffness of the air spring to be evaluated by using a frequency response analyzer includes: The dynamic stiffness of the air spring to be evaluated is obtained by analyzing the air spring hysteresis curve.

5. The air spring performance degradation analysis method based on structural characteristics according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The air spring to be evaluated is a membrane air spring.

6. An air spring performance degradation analysis device based on structural characteristics, characterized in that: include: A parameter acquisition module is used to obtain the dynamic stiffness and structural parameters of the air spring to be evaluated; a fatigue loading parameter calculation module, configured to input the dynamic stiffness and the structural parameters into an air spring performance degradation model to obtain fatigue loading parameters output by the air spring performance degradation model; wherein the air spring performance degradation model is a pre-constructed model of the mathematical relationship between the fatigue loading parameters of the air spring and the dynamic stiffness of the air spring; wherein the air spring performance degradation model is: ；（1） ；（2） ；（3） ； （4） ；（5） in, is the dynamic stiffness of the air spring, is the excitation frequency, is the effective area of ​​the air spring, is the effective area of ​​the air spring Stiffness due to vertical displacement changes; It is the stiffness generated by the high-pressure gas inside the air bag; It is the equivalent damping generated by the heat exchange between the high-pressure gas inside the air bag and the outside world; Indicates the pressure inside the air spring body volume; is the initial pressure of the gas inside the air spring; Indicates the atmospheric pressure of the external environment; is the gas polyvariability index; is the initial airbag volume of the airbag; is the specific heat at constant volume; is the initial gas mass in the air bag; is the equivalent heat transfer coefficient; is the additional stiffness generated by the lug bending moment; N is the number of fatigue loading; is the effective radius of the air spring; The thickness of the internal reinforcement composite material between the inner and outer rubber layers in the airbag structure; is the volume fraction of the cord; is the initial Young's modulus of the cord; c is the correction coefficient for the number of fatigue loading N; is the cord inclination angle; is the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material of the air spring at zero strain; is the Young's modulus of the airbag rubber material under infinite strain; b is the hardening coefficient related to the rubber material and loading conditions; is the total fatigue life of the rubber material, measured by test or specified artificially; is the piston inclination angle; A is the excitation amplitude, is the characteristic amplitude of the rubber airbag; is the total thickness of the airbag; The thickness of the reinforced composite material layer inside the airbag layer; is an empirical parameter related to the fractal dimension of rubber; A fatigue life determination module is used to determine the fatigue life of the air spring to be evaluated based on the fatigue loading parameter.

7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the air spring performance degradation analysis method based on structural characteristics as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the air spring performance degradation analysis method based on structural characteristics as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

9. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the air spring performance degradation analysis method based on structural characteristics as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

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