Bidirectional flowing fire simulation device capable of adjusting longitudinal wind speed of tunnel

Abstract

The invention discloses a bidirectional flow fire simulation device capable of adjusting the longitudinal wind speed of a tunnel, which is specially designed for a tunnel environment and integrates a tunnel module, a data acquisition module, a flow table, a fan regulation and control system and an oil supply system. The simulation device aims to simulate a flowing fire scene caused by fuel leakage in a tunnel, and especially can simulate the experiment process of two-way spreading and combustion of flame along the tunnel ground under the condition of different longitudinal wind speeds. By means of the device, researchers can deeply analyze dynamic changes of key parameters such as the spreading distance and the combustion rate of the flowing fire in the tunnel, and then the spreading and combustion rules of the flowing fire are revealed. Compared with a traditional full-size simulation experiment, the device effectively solves the problems that experimental variables are difficult to accurately control and the resource consumption is large; meanwhile, compared with a micro-size model, the visual performance of the experiment effect and the comprehensiveness of data are remarkably improved, and the conditions that the experiment phenomenon is not obvious and the data is insufficient due to the fact that the size of the model is too small are avoided. Besides, the design of the device pays attention to practicability and convenience, the device is simple to operate and easy to assemble and disassemble, and the experiment efficiency and flexibility are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a simulation device for simulating a flowing fire in a tunnel and observing its burning rate and spreading distance, and in particular to a bidirectional flowing fire simulation device capable of adjusting the longitudinal wind speed of the tunnel. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous increase in energy demand, the safety issues of oil in various links such as production, transportation, storage and use have become increasingly prominent, especially the risk of leakage and fire has increased significantly. In the transportation of petrochemical products, especially in semi-enclosed spaces such as tunnels, the risk of fire caused by the leakage of flammable liquids is extremely serious. If the leaked fuel encounters a fire source, it is very easy to ignite and cause a fire. Driven by gravity, the leaked fuel will flow and spread rapidly on the ground, forming a rapidly burning flowing fire, which poses a major risk to the life safety of surrounding personnel and also causes serious damage to adjacent equipment and facilities. In addition, the strong thermal radiation and thermal convection effects generated by tunnel fires often trigger chain disaster reactions, further worsening the overall disaster situation. Due to the continuous expansion of the scale of oil storage and transportation and the increase in large-scale oil storage facilities, the risk of flowing fire has become a focus of urgent attention. Effective measures must be taken to strengthen safety management to ensure the safety and stability of storage and transportation operations. Studying how longitudinal wind affects the spread and combustion characteristics of tunnel flowing fires and analyzing the specific effects of longitudinal wind on the key characteristic parameters of flowing fires under different conditions are of great significance for formulating effective flowing fire prevention and emergency response strategies. However, there is currently no research on the combustion laws and consequences of running fires caused by fuel leakage under the action of longitudinal wind in tunnels. Summary of the invention

[0003] The existing simulation device has obvious limitations. It can only simulate a single tunnel unidirectional flow fire situation, and cannot truly reproduce the actual scene of the tunnel longitudinal wind acting on the forward and reverse flow fire at the same time. Therefore, there is a large gap between the simulation results and the actual situation. To make up for this defect, it is urgent to develop an advanced device that can comprehensively and accurately simulate the combined effect of the tunnel longitudinal wind on the bidirectional flow fire.

[0004] In view of the above reasons, the present invention provides a bidirectional flowing fire simulation device capable of adjusting the longitudinal wind speed of a tunnel, which is used to study the spread and combustion characteristics of a flowing fire in a tunnel.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention includes:

[0006] The simulation device comprises a tunnel module, a data acquisition module, a flow table, a fan module and an oil supply module.

[0007] The tunnel module is characterized in that the tunnel is divided into five sections, with lengths of rectifying section (1 meter), tunnel extension section (3 meters), observation section (2 meters), tunnel extension section (3 meters) and tunnel extension section (2.5 meters) respectively; among them, the first section is the rectifying section, which is a prism structure, and the side in contact with the outside world is a square with a side length of 1 meter, and the side connected to the second section is a square with a side length of 0.4 meters; the cross-sections of the rectifying section and the tunnel extension section are both squares with a side length of 0.4 meters, and are both made of stainless steel; the side walls of the second observation section are made of fire-proof glass for easy observation, and the ceiling and bottom are paved with fire-proof gypsum boards to ensure safety.

[0008] The data acquisition module includes a tunnel ceiling thermocouple group (311), a computer (312), a camera (313), a bottom plate thermocouple group (315), a radiation heat flow meter group (314), and an igniter (321); a camera (Sony FDR-AX700) is arranged on the side of the glass wall area to shoot and record the process of the flow fire experiment; 15 K-type thermocouples are installed on the tunnel ceiling to monitor and record the temperature change of the ceiling; among these thermocouples, the first one corresponds to the center point of the leakage port below, and the interval between each two adjacent thermocouples is 10 cm; the position of the thermocouple just matches the layout of the flowing fire experimental platform below; at the bottom of the glass plate, along the central axis of the flow trough, starting from a position 10 cm away from the oil overflow, along the direction of the spreading of the flowing fire, a total of 10 T-type patch thermocouples (range 0-400℃, accuracy 0.1℃) are installed every 10 cm; in addition, a Gordon heat flux radiometer (model STT-25-20-RWF) is placed under the glass bottom plate at 30, 60 and 90 cm away from the oil overflow respectively; a remote-controlled ceramic arc igniter is placed at the oil overflow to facilitate the ignition operation.

[0009] The flow platform (320) includes an oil overflow port (321) and a flow trough (321); the flow platform is composed of three layers of fireproof glass, from top to bottom: the upper layer is two pieces of glass with a size of 15cm×200cm×1cm, the middle layer is two pieces of glass with a size of 45cm×99.5cm×1cm, and the bottom layer is a piece of glass with a size of 45cm×200cm×1cm; the three pieces of glass are bonded together using high temperature resistant glue to ensure their stability and heat resistance. By precisely splicing the three pieces of glass, a 15cm×200cm×1cm flow trough and a 15cm×1cm×2cm oil overflow port are formed in the middle; this ensures that the fuel spreads evenly to both sides in the flow trough.

[0010] The fan module comprises a rectifier grid (101) and a fan (102). The rectifier grid is located inside the rectifier section. The rectifier grid is a mesh grid made of fine iron wires and is installed at one end of the air duct to ensure that the wind generated by the fan is evenly transported to the tunnel. The fan is located at the other side of the tunnel. The fan is an air-suction axial flow fan. The fan can simulate different wind speeds by adjusting the power.

[0011] The oil supply module (330) comprises a peristaltic pump (331), an oil barrel (332), and an oil pipeline (333); the peristaltic pump and the oil barrel are arranged outside the tunnel to avoid high temperature baking and ensure safety; the oil barrel, the peristaltic pump and the oil overflow port can be connected in sequence through the oil pipeline, and the oil pipeline and the oil overflow port are connected with high temperature resistant glue, and the oil pipeline is a high temperature resistant flexible pipe.

[0012] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0013] (1) In this simulation device, the total length of the tunnel model reaches 11.5m, which makes up for the shortcomings of the full-scale model, such as the difficulty in controlling experimental variables and the high experimental consumption, and the shortcomings of the micro-scale model, such as the unclear experimental effect and insufficient data.

[0014] (2) In this simulation device, the flow trough is a high-temperature resistant glass structure, which will not deform when encountering high temperatures compared to steel structures, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0015] (3) In this simulation device, the oil spill port is located in the middle of the flow table, and the fuel spreads to both sides at the same time. The suction fan is located on one side of the tunnel, so that when the wind enters the tunnel from the opposite side of the fan, the two sides of the flow fire will be affected by the downwind and headwind respectively. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a bidirectional flow fire simulation device under the action of longitudinal wind in a tunnel;

[0017] Figure 2 It is the structure diagram of the observation section;

[0018] Figure 3 It is the structural diagram of the flow platform;

[0019] Figure 4 It is the front view of the rectifier;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of an air-suction axial flow fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

[0021] The present invention provides a bidirectional flow fire simulation device capable of adjusting the longitudinal wind speed of a tunnel, and its overall structural schematic diagram is shown as follows: Figure 1-5 As shown, it consists of a rectifying section 1, a tunnel extension section 2 (including 201, 202, and 203), an observation section 3, a rectifying network 101, a fan 102, a tunnel ceiling thermocouple group 311, a computer 312, a camera 313, a radiation heat flow meter group 314, a bottom plate thermocouple group 315, an igniter 321, an oil overflow port 321, a flow trough 321, a peristaltic pump 331, an oil barrel 332, and an oil pipeline 333.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown in the structure diagram of the observation section and the structure diagram of the bidirectional flow fire simulation device under the action of longitudinal wind in the tunnel, the tunnel is divided into five sections with lengths of 1, 3, 2, 3 and 2.5m respectively; among them, the first section is the rectifying section 1, which is a prism structure, and the side in contact with the outside world is a square with a side length of 1m, and the side connected to the second section is a square with a side length of 0.4m; the rectifying section 1 and the tunnel extension section (including 201, 202 and 203) are all made of stainless steel; the side walls of the second observation section are made of fireproof glass material for easy observation, while the ceiling and bottom are paved with fireproof gypsum boards to ensure safety; each section interface is first fixed with screws to ensure its stability, and then sealed with fireproof tape to ensure its airtightness; the fan 102 and the extension section 203 are connected with high-temperature resistant and airtight fireproof cloth.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown in the structure diagram of the observation section, the ceiling thermocouple group 311 is a group of 15 K-type thermocouples installed on the tunnel ceiling to monitor and record the temperature changes of the ceiling; among these thermocouples, the first one corresponds to the center point of the leakage port below, and the interval between each two adjacent thermocouples is 10 cm; the position of the thermocouples just matches the layout of the flowing fire experimental platform below, and the flowing platform 320 is located in the middle of the tunnel observation section 3.

[0024] like Figure 3As shown in the flow platform structure diagram, the data acquisition module includes a tunnel ceiling thermocouple group 311, a computer 312, a camera 313, a bottom plate thermocouple group 315, a radiation heat flow meter group 314, and an igniter 321; a camera (Sony FDR-AX700) is arranged on the side of the glass wall area to shoot and record the process of the flow fire experiment; 15 K-type thermocouples are installed on the tunnel ceiling to monitor and record the temperature changes of the ceiling; among these thermocouples, the first one corresponds to the center point of the leakage port below, and the interval between each two adjacent thermocouples is 10 cm; the position of the thermocouple is exactly corresponding to the center point of the leakage port below. The layout of the flowing fire experimental platform is matched; at the bottom of the glass plate, along the central axis of the flowing trough, starting from the position 10 cm away from the oil spill, along the direction of the spreading of the flowing fire, a total of 10 T-type patch thermocouples (range 0-400℃, accuracy 0.1℃) are installed every 10 cm; in addition, a Gordon heat flux radiometer (model STT-25-20-RWF) is placed under the glass bottom plate at 30, 60 and 90 cm away from the oil spill respectively. The flowing platform 320 includes an oil spill 321 and a flowing trough 321; the flowing platform is composed of three layers of fireproof glass, from top to bottom: the upper layer is Two pieces of glass with a size of 15cm×200cm×1cm, two pieces of glass with a size of 45cm×99.5cm×1cm in the middle layer, and a piece of glass with a size of 45cm×200cm×1cm in the bottom layer. The three pieces of glass are bonded together with high temperature resistant glue to ensure their stability and heat resistance. By precisely splicing the three pieces of glass, a 15cm×200cm×1cm flow groove and a 15cm×1cm×2cm oil overflow port are formed in the middle, so that the fuel can be evenly spread to both sides in the flow groove; the fan module includes a rectifier network 101, a fan 102, a rectifier network Located inside the rectification section, the rectification net is a mesh grid made of fine iron wires and installed at one end of the air duct to ensure that the wind generated by the fan is evenly transported to the tunnel. The fan is located on the other side of the tunnel. The fan is an air-suction axial flow fan. The fan simulates different wind speeds by adjusting the power. The oil supply module 330 includes a peristaltic pump 331, an oil barrel 332, and an oil pipeline 333. The peristaltic pump and the oil barrel are arranged outside the tunnel to avoid high-temperature baking and ensure safety. The oil barrel, the peristaltic pump and the oil overflow port can be connected in sequence through the oil pipeline. The oil pipeline and the oil overflow port are connected with high-temperature resistant glue, and the oil pipeline is a high-temperature resistant flexible pipe.

[0025] In order to describe the present invention in more detail, a more detailed process is listed below:

[0026] Before starting the experiment, adjust the wind speed to the preset value according to the experimental requirements and maintain it stable for three minutes to ensure that the wind speed conditions are constant before starting the experiment.

[0027] Before the formal experiment, it is necessary to perform preliminary experimental steps and use alcohol to test various working conditions without ignition to verify whether the alcohol can be evenly spread in the flow trough and not overflow the edge of the trough, so as to ensure the safety and accuracy of the experiment.

[0028] After the preliminary experiment is successfully verified, first start all the data acquisition equipment, then turn on the peristaltic pump and slowly inject alcohol into the oil overflow tank; once the fuel begins to flow out of the oil overflow tank, immediately use the igniter to ignite it and start timing at the same time; when the fuel leakage time reaches the specified time of the experimental design, turn off the peristaltic pump; after the fuel on the flow tank is completely burned and the flame is extinguished, stop data acquisition.

[0029] After the experiment, wait for the glass to cool to a safe temperature, clean it, and prepare for the next round of experiments. Given the importance of temperature change data, the thermocouple measurement data must be carefully checked after each experiment to ensure that there is no damage, in order to ensure the continuity and reliability of the experimental results.

Claims

1. A bidirectional flow fire simulation device capable of adjusting the longitudinal wind speed of a tunnel, characterized in that: The simulation device includes a tunnel module, a data acquisition module, a flow table, a fan module and an oil supply module; The tunnel module comprises a rectifying section (1), a tunnel extension section (2), and an observation section (3); The data acquisition module (310) includes a tunnel ceiling thermocouple group (311), a computer (312), a camera (313), a bottom plate thermocouple group (315), a radiation heat flow meter group (314), and an igniter (321); The flow platform (320) comprises an oil overflow port (321) and a flow trough (321); The fan module comprises a rectifier network (101) and a fan (102); The oil supply module (330) comprises a peristaltic pump (331), an oil barrel (332), and an oil delivery pipe (333).

2. The simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel module is characterized in that the tunnel is divided into five sections with lengths of 1, 3, 2, 3 and 2.5m respectively; the first section is the rectifying section, which is a prism structure, and the side in contact with the outside world is a square with a side length of 1m, and the side connected to the second section is a square with a side length of 0.4m; the rectifying section and the tunnel extension section are both made of stainless steel; the side walls of the second observation section are made of fireproof glass for easy observation, while the ceiling and bottom are paved with fireproof gypsum boards to ensure safety.

3. The simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module includes a tunnel ceiling thermocouple group (311), a computer (312), a camera (313), a bottom plate thermocouple group (315), a radiation heat flow meter group (314), and an igniter (321); a camera (Sony FDR-AX700) is arranged on the side of the glass wall area to shoot and record the process of the flow fire experiment; Fifteen K-type thermocouples were installed on the tunnel ceiling to monitor and record the temperature changes of the ceiling. Among these thermocouples, the first one corresponds to the center point of the leak below, and the interval between each two adjacent thermocouples is 10 cm. The position of the thermocouples matches the layout of the flowing fire experimental platform below. At the bottom of the glass plate, along the central axis of the flow trough, starting from a position 10 cm away from the oil spill, along the direction of the spreading of the flowing fire, 10 T-type patch thermocouples (range 0-400°C, accuracy 0.1°C) are installed every 10 cm. In addition, a Gordon heat flux radiometer (model STT-25-20-RWF) is placed under the glass bottom plate at 30, 60 and 90 cm away from the oil spill, respectively.

4. The simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow platform (320) comprises an oil overflow port (321) and a flow trough (321); the flow platform is composed of three layers of fireproof glass, which are respectively: the upper layer is two pieces of glass with a size of 15cm×200cm×1cm, the middle layer is two pieces of glass with a size of 45cm×99.5cm×1cm, and the bottom layer is a piece of glass with a size of 45cm×200cm×1cm. The three pieces of glass are bonded together using high temperature resistant glue to ensure their stability and heat resistance. By precisely splicing the three pieces of glass, a 15cm×200cm×1cm flow trough and a 15cm×1cm×2cm oil overflow port are formed in the middle.

5. The simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fan module comprises a rectifier grid (101) and a fan (102). The rectifier grid is located inside the rectifier section. The rectifier grid is a mesh grid made of fine iron wires and is installed at one end of the air duct to ensure that the wind generated by the fan is evenly transported to the tunnel. The fan is located at the other side of the tunnel. The fan is an air-suction axial flow fan. The fan can simulate different wind speeds by adjusting the power.

6. The simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil supply module (330) comprises a peristaltic pump (331), an oil barrel (332), and an oil pipeline (333); the peristaltic pump and the oil barrel are arranged outside the tunnel to avoid high temperature baking and ensure safety; the oil barrel, the peristaltic pump and the oil overflow port can be connected in sequence through the oil pipeline, and the oil pipeline and the oil overflow port are connected with high temperature resistant glue, and the oil pipeline is a high temperature resistant flexible pipe.

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