Laser-triggered multi-path high-voltage spark switch system
By designing a laser triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system, combining the laser triggered spark main switch circuit and the electrical triggered spark sub-switch circuit, the problems of plasma gun jitter and delay in magnetic inertia constraint fusion are solved, and efficient synchronous triggering is achieved, reducing operational difficulty and cost.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510121615.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-13
AI Technical Summary
In magnetic inertial constrained fusion, the electrically triggered plasma gun has a large jitter and delay, which affects the implosion efficiency in fusion. Although the laser triggered spark switch has a small jitter and delay, it faces complex transmission optical path problems and damage to optical fibers by high-energy lasers, which increases the difficulty and cost of operation.
A laser triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system was designed. Through the combination of laser triggered spark main switch circuit and electrical triggered spark sub-switch circuit, efficient plasma gun synchronous triggering is achieved, avoiding the coupling difficulty and high-energy laser damage in fiber transmission.
The system has smaller delay and jitter, and the noise signal collected by the Roche coil is small. It is suitable for research on the synchronous triggering of plasma guns under different environmental conditions, especially in magnetic inertia-constrained fusion vacuum cavity, reducing operation difficulty and cost.
Smart Images
Figure CN119993568A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field The invention relates to the field of laser technology, in particular to a laser-triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system. Background Art Magneto-inertial confinement fusion is a controllable nuclear fusion method between magnetic confinement fusion and inertial confinement fusion [1]. The most important scheme in magneto-inertial confinement fusion is the plasma jet driven magneto-inertial confinement fusion using a coaxial plasma accelerator as an automatic driver [2]. Plasma jet driven magneto-inertial confinement fusion is a spherical implosion plasma liner formed by the merging of a hypersonic plasma jet array, which repeatedly compresses the magnetized target plasma under the action of momentum inertia to achieve fusion conditions [3]. The key component in plasma jet driven magneto-inertial confinement fusion is the plasma gun that generates the plasma jet. The synchronization of multiple array plasma guns affects the uniformity of the implosion plasma liner. The delay and jitter of the plasma gun trigger switch determine the synchronization of multiple array plasma guns. Therefore, the trigger switch of the plasma gun has important applications in plasma jet driven magneto-inertial confinement fusion. At present, in magnetic inertial confinement fusion, the plasma gun is mainly controlled by electric triggering to emit plasma, but the electric triggering has large jitter and delay, which affects the implosion efficiency in fusion. The laser-triggered spark switch has been proven to have smaller jitter and delay, and has better synchronization for multiple plasma guns in a spherical array. However, the use of laser-triggered switches requires solving the problem of complex transmission optical paths on the one hand, and on the other hand, the use of optical fiber to transmit high-energy nanosecond lasers requires solving the problems of coupled transmission and damage to optical fibers by high-energy lasers. At the same time, the difficulty and cost of operating laser-triggered switches will be greatly increased.
[0001] SCHsu,SJLangendorf,KCYates,JPDunn,S.Brockington,A.Case,E.Cruz,FDWitherspoon,MAGilmore,JTCassibry,R.Samulyak,P.Stoltz,K.Schillo,W.Shih,K.Beckwith,and YCFThio,Experiment to form and characterize a section of a spherically imploding plasma liner,IEEETransactions on Plasma Science 46,1951–1961(2018).
[0002] Sergei.V.Ryzhkov.Magneto-Inertial Fusion and Powerful PlasmaInstallations,Appl.Sci.13,6658,2023.
[0003] SCHsu; SJ Langendorf, Magnetized Plasma Target for Plasma-Jet-Driven Magneto-Inertial Fusion. J. Fusion Energy 2019, 38, 182–198. Summary of the invention In view of the problems existing in the application of the above laser trigger in multiple array plasma guns of magnetic inertial confinement fusion, a laser-triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system is proposed. The system has a scientific structure design, convenient operation, low price, small delay and jitter, and low noise signal collected by Rogowski coil. It is suitable for research on synchronous triggering of multiple plasma guns in magnetic inertial confinement fusion vacuum chamber under different environmental conditions, especially. It solves the complex problems of high cost and difficulty in coupling when using high-energy nanosecond pulse laser for optical fiber transmission to achieve laser triggering, and can simultaneously realize the research work of multiple high-power pulse trigger switch synchronization. The technical solution of the present invention is: a laser-triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system, including a laser-triggered spark main switch circuit and an electric-triggered spark sub-switch circuit, the laser-triggered spark main switch circuit including a first high-voltage power supply, a laser, a first insulating cavity, a first electrode, a second electrode, a first protective resistor, a first voltage-dividing resistor, a first capacitor, a first electric trigger connection point and a second electric trigger connection point; One end of the first high-voltage power supply is connected in series with the first protection resistor, the first voltage-dividing resistor, the first capacitor, and the other end of the first high-voltage power supply; the first electrode and the second electrode are placed in the first insulating cavity, the first electrode is grounded through a wire, and the second electrode is connected to the first protection resistor and the first voltage-dividing resistor series connection line through a wire; the laser is placed outside the first insulating cavity; the first electrical trigger connection point is located on the first voltage-dividing resistor and the first capacitor series connection line, and the second electrical trigger connection point is located on the first protection resistor and the first voltage-dividing resistor series connection line; The first high-voltage power supply charges the first capacitor, and after charging, the first high-voltage power supply is turned off; the laser output by the laser enters the first insulating cavity through a focusing lens and is focused between the coaxial first electrode and the second electrode, ionizing the gas medium in the first insulating cavity to generate plasma, and the generated plasma serves as seed electrons. In the electric field, through collision ionization and avalanche ionization, the first electrode and the second electrode are broken down and connected, and the fully charged first capacitor is discharged instantly, and the current flowing through the first voltage-dividing resistor is sent into the electrically triggered spark sub-switch circuit through the first electrical trigger connection point and the second electrical trigger connection point. The instantaneous high voltage generated in the electrically triggered spark sub-switch circuit triggers the high-voltage sub-switch in the electrically triggered spark sub-switch circuit to be turned on and closed. Preferably, the first electrode and the second electrode are both hemispherical electrodes; the centers of the first electrode and the second electrode are coaxial. Preferably, the laser-triggered main switch circuit is simultaneously connected in parallel with multiple electrically triggered spark sub-switch circuits, and one laser-triggered main switch is used to simultaneously trigger multiple high-voltage sub-switches to turn on and off. Preferably, the electrically triggered spark sub-switch circuit comprises a second high-voltage power supply, a second protection resistor, a second capacitor, a second voltage-dividing resistor, a second insulating cavity, a third electrode, a fourth electrode and a fifth electrode; The second capacitor and the second voltage-dividing resistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel to the second high-voltage power supply and the second protection resistor connected in series; the two points of the parallel connection are connected to the third electrode and the fifth electrode respectively; the first electrical trigger connection point and the second electrical trigger connection point are connected to the fifth electrode and the fourth electrode respectively through wires; the fourth electrode is located between the third electrode and the fifth electrode facing each other; The second high-voltage power supply charges the second capacitor, and after charging, the second high-voltage power supply is turned off; the fourth electrode and the fifth electrode are respectively connected to the second electrical trigger connection point and the first electrical trigger connection point in the laser triggered spark main switch circuit, and an instantaneous high voltage is generated between the fourth electrode and the fifth electrode. The field distorts the electric field around it, thus The third electrode and the fifth electrode are broken down and turned on, and the fully charged second capacitor is discharged, thereby achieving the closure of the third electrode and the fifth electrode as an electric spark switch. Preferably, the third electrode and the fifth electrode are both hemispherical electrodes; the fourth electrode is a pancake-shaped electrode with a circular hole in the middle; the centers of the third electrode, the fourth electrode and the fifth electrode are coaxial, and the fourth electrode is located at the center of the line connecting the centers of the third electrode and the fifth electrode. A method for using a laser-triggered spark switch in a plurality of array plasma guns for magnetic inertial confinement fusion. The laser output by the laser enters an insulating cavity through a focusing lens and is focused between two coaxially facing electrodes, ionizing a gas medium in the insulating cavity to generate plasma. The generated plasma is used as seed electrons. In an electric field, the two electrodes are broken down and turned on through collision ionization and avalanche ionization. The fully charged capacitor connected to the two electrodes is discharged instantaneously, generating an instantaneous high voltage to trigger the closure of a multi-channel electric spark switch, thereby realizing the synchronous emission of plasma by controlling the plurality of array plasma guns in magnetic inertial confinement fusion. The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the laser-triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system of the present invention is composed of two circuits, a laser-triggered spark main switch circuit and an electrically triggered spark sub-switch circuit; the laser-triggered spark main switch can simultaneously trigger multiple electrically triggered sub-switch circuits; the system can be applicable to different environmental conditions, especially the research on synchronous triggering of multiple plasma guns in a magnetic inertial confinement fusion vacuum chamber, effectively solving the problem of using laser-triggered spark switches in special environmental scenes that are not suitable for spatial optical path transmission, while avoiding the laser-triggered spark switch through optical fiber transmission, and the triggering system is simple, easy to operate and low in cost; because laser triggering is used as the main switch to trigger the multi-channel switch, it has the characteristics of small delay and low jitter of the laser-triggered spark switch, and the characteristics of clean and low noise of the current signal collected by the Rogowski coil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser-triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a synchronous trigger current signal diagram collected by the Rogowski coil when the laser-triggered multi-channel (six-channel) high-voltage spark switch of the present invention is turned on. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. like Figure 1The structure diagram of the laser-triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system of the present invention is shown, the system includes a laser-triggered spark main switch circuit and an electrically triggered spark sub-switch circuit, the laser-triggered spark main switch circuit includes a first high-voltage power supply 1, a laser 2, a first insulating cavity 3, a first electrode 4, a second electrode 5, a first protective resistor 6, a first voltage-dividing resistor 7, a first capacitor 8, a first electrical trigger connection point 19 and a second electrical trigger connection point 20; one end of the first high-voltage power supply 1 is connected in series with the first protective resistor 6, the first voltage-dividing resistor 7, the first capacitor 8 in sequence, and the other end of the first high-voltage power supply 1 is returned to the ground; the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 are placed in the first insulating cavity 3, the first electrode 4 is grounded through a wire, and the second electrode 5 is connected to the first protective resistor 6 and the first voltage-dividing resistor 7 series connection line through a wire; the laser 2 is placed outside the first insulating cavity 3; the first electrical trigger The connection point 19 is located on the series connection line of the first voltage-dividing resistor 7 and the first capacitor 8, and the second electric trigger connection point 20 is located on the series connection line of the first protection resistor 6 and the first voltage-dividing resistor 7; the electric trigger spark sub-switch circuit includes a second high-voltage power supply 9, a second protection resistor 10, a second capacitor 11, a second voltage-dividing resistor 12, a second insulating cavity 13, a third electrode 14, a fourth electrode 15 and a fifth electrode 16; the second capacitor 11 and the second voltage-dividing resistor 12 are connected in series and then connected in parallel at both ends of the second high-voltage power supply 9 and the second protection resistor 10 connected in series; the two points of parallel connection are connected to the third electrode 14 and the fifth electrode 16 respectively; the first electric trigger connection point 19 and the second electric trigger connection point 20 are connected to the fifth electrode 16 and the fourth electrode 15 respectively through wires; the fourth electrode 15 is located between the third electrode 14 and the fifth electrode 16 facing each other; The first insulating cavity 3 is provided with a focusing lens 21, an air inlet 22 and an air outlet 23; the second insulating cavity 13 is provided with an air inlet 17 and an air outlet 18; The first electrode 4, the second electrode 5, the third electrode 14, and the fifth electrode 16 are all hemispherical electrodes; the fourth electrode 15 is a circular pie-shaped electrode with a circular hole in the middle; the centers of the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 are coaxial; the centers of the third electrode 14, the fourth electrode 15, and the fifth electrode 16 are coaxial, and the fourth electrode 15 is located at the center of the line connecting the centers of the third electrode 14 and the fifth electrode 16; Before the laser is emitted, the laser-triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system charges the first capacitor 8 and the second capacitor 11 respectively through the first high-voltage power supply 1 and the second high-voltage power supply 9, and after charging, turns off the first high-voltage power supply and the second high-voltage power supply; The laser output by the laser 2 is injected into the first insulating cavity 3 through the focusing lens 21 and focused between the coaxial first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5, ionizing the gas medium in the first insulating cavity 3 to generate plasma. The generated plasma serves as seed electrons. In the electric field, through collision ionization and avalanche ionization, the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 are broken down and connected, and the first capacitor 8 with full charge is discharged instantly. At the same time, the current flowing through the first voltage-dividing resistor 7 causes instantaneous high voltage to be generated between the fourth electrode 15 and the fifth electrode 16 connected at both ends thereof. The fourth electrode 15 distorts the electric field around it, thereby causing the third electrode 14 and the fifth electrode 16 to break down and connect, and the second capacitor 11 with full charge is discharged, thereby realizing the closure of the third electrode 14 and the fifth electrode 16 as the electric spark switch. In the laser-triggered multi-way high-voltage spark switch system, the laser-triggered main switch circuit and the electric-triggered sub-switch circuit are connected by wires via the first electric-triggered connection point 19 and the second electric-triggered connection point 20; In the laser-triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system, the laser-triggered main switch circuit can be connected in parallel with multiple channels of electrically triggered spark sub-switch circuits, thereby realizing the use of one laser-triggered main switch to simultaneously trigger the conduction and closing of multiple channels of high-voltage sub-switches. Figure 2 The figure shows the synchronous trigger current signal collected by the Rogowski coil when the laser-triggered multi-channel (six-channel) high-voltage spark switch is turned on. The invention has scientific structural design, convenient operation and low price. Its functions have small delay and jitter, and the Rogowski coil has the characteristics of clean current signal acquisition and small noise signal. It is suitable for research on synchronous triggering of multiple plasma guns under different environmental conditions, especially in the magnetic inertial confinement fusion vacuum chamber. The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific implementation of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be based on the attached claims.
Claims
1. A laser-triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system, characterized in that: It includes a laser-triggered spark main switch circuit and an electric-triggered spark sub-switch circuit, wherein the laser-triggered spark main switch circuit includes a first high-voltage power supply, a laser, a first insulating cavity, a first electrode, a second electrode, a first protective resistor, a first voltage-dividing resistor, a first capacitor, a first electric trigger connection point, and a second electric trigger connection point; One end of the first high-voltage power supply is connected in series with the first protection resistor, the first voltage-dividing resistor, the first capacitor, and the other end of the first high-voltage power supply; the first electrode and the second electrode are placed in the first insulating cavity, the first electrode is grounded through a wire, and the second electrode is connected to the first protection resistor and the first voltage-dividing resistor series connection line through a wire; the laser is placed outside the first insulating cavity; the first electrical trigger connection point is located on the first voltage-dividing resistor and the first capacitor series connection line, and the second electrical trigger connection point is located on the first protection resistor and the first voltage-dividing resistor series connection line; The first high-voltage power supply charges the first capacitor, and after charging, the first high-voltage power supply is turned off; the laser output by the laser enters the first insulating cavity through a focusing lens and is focused between the coaxial first electrode and the second electrode, ionizing the gas medium in the first insulating cavity to generate plasma, and the generated plasma serves as seed electrons. In the electric field, through collision ionization and avalanche ionization, the first electrode and the second electrode are broken down and connected, and the fully charged first capacitor is discharged instantly, and the current flowing through the first voltage-dividing resistor is sent into the electrically triggered spark sub-switch circuit through the first electrical trigger connection point and the second electrical trigger connection point. The instantaneous high voltage generated in the electrically triggered spark sub-switch circuit triggers the high-voltage sub-switch in the electrically triggered spark sub-switch circuit to be turned on and closed.
2. The laser-triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first electrode and the second electrode are both hemispherical electrodes; the centers of the first electrode and the second electrode are coaxial.
3. The laser-triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser-triggered main switch circuit is connected in parallel with multiple electrically triggered spark sub-switch circuits, and one laser-triggered main switch is used to simultaneously trigger multiple high-voltage sub-switches to conduct and close.
4. The laser-triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The electrically triggered spark sub-switch circuit comprises a second high-voltage power supply, a second protective resistor, a second capacitor, a second voltage-dividing resistor, a second insulating cavity, a third electrode, a fourth electrode and a fifth electrode; the second capacitor and the second voltage-dividing resistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel at both ends of the second high-voltage power supply and the second protective resistor connected in series; the two points of the parallel connection are connected to the third electrode and the fifth electrode respectively; the first electrical trigger connection point and the second electrical trigger connection point are connected to the fifth electrode and the fourth electrode respectively through wires; the fourth electrode is located between the third electrode and the fifth electrode directly opposite; The second high-voltage power supply charges the second capacitor, and after charging, the second high-voltage power supply is turned off; the fourth electrode and the fifth electrode are respectively connected to the second electrical trigger connection point and the first electrical trigger connection point in the laser triggered spark main switch circuit, and an instantaneous high voltage is generated between the fourth electrode and the fifth electrode. The fourth electrode field distorts the surrounding electric field, thereby causing the third electrode and the fifth electrode to break down and conduct, and the fully charged second capacitor discharges, thereby realizing the closure of the third electrode and the fifth electrode as a spark switch.
5. The laser-triggered multi-channel high-voltage spark switch system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The third electrode and the fifth electrode are both hemispherical electrodes; the fourth electrode is a circular plate-shaped electrode with a circular hole in the middle; the centers of the third electrode, the fourth electrode and the fifth electrode are coaxial, and the fourth electrode is located at the center of the line connecting the centers of the third electrode and the fifth electrode.
6. A method for using a laser-triggered spark switch in a magnetic inertial confinement fusion multiple array plasma gun, characterized in that: The laser output by the laser enters the insulating cavity through a focusing lens and is focused between two coaxially facing electrodes, ionizing the gas medium in the insulating cavity to generate plasma. The generated plasma serves as seed electrons. In the electric field, through collision ionization and avalanche ionization, the two electrodes are broken down and turned on. The fully charged capacitor connected to the two electrodes is discharged instantly, generating an instantaneous high voltage to trigger the closure of the multi-channel electric trigger spark switch, thereby realizing the synchronous emission of plasma by multiple array plasma guns in the control of magnetic inertial confinement fusion.