Fully-immersed electrochemical energy storage safety structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a fully-immersed electrochemical energy storage safety structure, and relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage. Comprising an immersed cabinet, an electrochemical battery assembly mounted at the bottom of the immersed cabinet, an insulating cooling liquid heat dissipation structure which is loaded in the immersed cabinet and immerses the electrochemical battery assembly, a circulating cooling system for cooling the insulating cooling liquid heat dissipation structure, a combustible gas puncture structure and a gas collection structure, a combustible gas exhaust structure and a combustible gas fire-fighting structure; the electrochemical battery assembly is located below the combustible gas puncturing structure, the gas gathering structure is located at the top of the combustible gas puncturing structure and gathers combustible gas to the combustible gas exhausting structure, and the gas fire fighting structure is matched with the combustible gas exhausting structure to be used for reducing the concentration of the combustible gas. According to the invention, even if thermal runaway is caused by internal faults of the battery, combustible gas generated by thermal runaway of the battery can be cooled, oxygen can be isolated, combustion is avoided, and the safety of the energy storage system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and more specifically to the technical field of a fully immersed electrochemical energy storage safety structure. Background Art

[0002] Electrochemical cells refer to devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. They can be divided into two categories: primary cells and electrolytic cells. Primary cells can spontaneously convert chemical energy into electrical energy; electrolytic cells require external power to provide electrical energy to cause chemical reactions inside the battery. For many batteries, primary cells and electrolytic cells can convert into each other when experimental conditions change. Existing patents disclose the following technologies:

[0003] The patent with the publication number CN110474114B and the patent name "An electrochemical energy storage device" discloses the following contents: including a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator and an electrolyte, the positive electrode plate includes a positive current collector, a positive active material layer located on at least one side of the positive current collector, and a safety layer located between the positive active material layer and the positive current collector, the positive active material layer includes a positive active material, the safety layer includes a binding material, a conductive material and an overcharge sensitive material; the overcharge sensitive material is a polymer including a monosaccharide structural unit and including at least one of a carbonate group and a phosphate group; the electrolyte includes a solvent and an electrolyte, and the solvent includes a carbonate solvent. The electrochemical energy storage device provided by the present invention uses a safety layer including an overcharge sensitive material, has better reliability, and thus can make the electrochemical energy storage device have better safety.

[0004] The patent with publication number CN109103495A and patent name "Slurry energy storage structure with heat dissipation structure" discloses the following content: A slurry energy storage structure with a heat dissipation structure, which includes an electrochemical reactor, the electrochemical reactor includes a positive electrode chamber, a negative electrode chamber, a diaphragm structure arranged between the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber, and a positive electrode collector and a negative electrode collector; it also includes a heat dissipation structure for dissipating heat from the chamber; the heat dissipation structure can timely lead out the internal heat in the electrochemical reactor, so that the temperature distribution inside the electrochemical reactor is uniform; the electrochemical environment and temperature environment of the active slurry are significantly better than those of semi-solid liquid flow batteries, and have higher safety and longer service life.

[0005] The above patents and existing electrochemical energy storage batteries generally use air cooling or liquid cooling plates to dissipate heat, which results in uneven heat dissipation of the battery, affecting the battery life. At the same time, there is a risk that the battery will be difficult to control once thermal runaway occurs. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fully submerged electrochemical energy storage safety structure in order to solve the above technical problems.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a fully submerged electrochemical energy storage safety structure, comprising an submerged cabinet, an electrochemical battery assembly installed at the bottom of the submerged cabinet, an insulating cooling liquid heat dissipation structure loaded in the submerged cabinet and submerging the electrochemical battery assembly, a circulating cooling system for cooling the insulating cooling liquid heat dissipation structure, a combustible gas piercing structure, a gas collecting structure, a combustible gas exhaust structure and a combustible gas fire fighting structure;

[0009] The electrochemical cell assembly is located below the combustible gas puncture structure, the gas collection structure is located on the top of the combustible gas puncture structure to collect the combustible gas to the combustible gas exhaust structure, and the gas fire fighting structure cooperates with the combustible gas exhaust structure to reduce the concentration of combustible gas.

[0010] Specifically, this solution uses a circulating cooling system, a combustible gas puncture structure, and a combustible gas exhaust structure in an immersed electrochemical energy storage structure to achieve combustion suppression of the electrochemical cell. In detail, this solution can effectively control the temperature difference of the electrochemical cell of the energy storage system within 2°C and effectively suppress thermal runaway of the battery. Even if thermal runaway is caused by internal battery failure, the combustible gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery can be cooled and isolated from oxygen to avoid combustion and improve the safety of the energy storage system. Insulating coolant is used as a liquid cooling medium for electrochemical cells to dissipate heat and isolate oxygen.

[0011] In one embodiment, the submerged cabinet includes a battery compartment, which is divided into a gas mixing compartment on the top left, an electrical compartment on the top right, and an insulating coolant chamber at the bottom; the electrical compartment is used to install electrical equipment, such as inverters, protective switches, etc.

[0012] A combustible gas puncture structure is horizontally arranged in the insulating cooling liquid cavity, and the combustible gas puncture structure divides the battery immersion compartment into a battery compartment at the bottom and a gas cooling layer at the top; the insulating cooling liquid heat dissipation structure includes an insulating coolant located inside the battery compartment and the gas cooling layer;

[0013] The gas cooling layer is communicated with the interior of the gas mixing chamber.

[0014] Specifically, this solution adopts an immersion heat dissipation method, immersing the battery in an insulating coolant to cool the battery, and setting up a cold pipe structure to dissipate the heat of the insulating coolant. Set up structures such as combustible gas cooling, gas collection, and exhaust to cool down the combustible gas generated by battery thermal runaway and isolate oxygen.

[0015] In one embodiment, the insulated cooling liquid heat dissipation structure includes a radiator horizontally arranged on the top of the battery compartment and a refrigeration unit located in the electrical compartment. Serpentine cooling tubes are evenly arranged in the radiator. The air inlet and air return port of the refrigeration unit are connected to the two ends of the serpentine cooling tube through cooling medium pipes respectively. The radiator is provided with a hole structure that allows the medium to flow up and down.

[0016] Specifically, the radiator is used to cool the liquid cooling medium. There are sealed serpentine cooling tubes inside the radiator for the circulation of refrigerant. The radiator has a porous structure that allows the cooling medium and gas to flow up and down.

[0017] The cooling medium pipeline is a refrigerant cold circulation pipeline used to connect the refrigeration unit and the radiator; the refrigeration unit is used for cooling, and the refrigerant is sent to the radiator. The refrigerant cools the liquid-cooled insulating medium and then flows back to the refrigeration unit.

[0018] In one embodiment, an expansion joint is provided at the connection between the gas cooling layer and the gas mixing chamber, an exhaust valve connecting the gas cooling layer and the gas mixing chamber is provided on the expansion joint, and a safety valve and a breathing tube connected to the outside are provided in the gas mixing chamber.

[0019] In one embodiment, the combustible gas fire fighting structure includes a fire fighting controller and a fire fighting agent conduit located in the electrical compartment. The fire fighting agent conduit is arranged at the material outlet of the fire fighting controller and communicates with the interior of the gas mixing compartment.

[0020] Specifically, the expansion joint is used to compensate for the volume change of the liquid cooling medium due to thermal expansion and contraction; the exhaust valve removes the gas generated during the operation of the electrochemical cell; the gas mixing chamber is used to mix combustible gases and fire extinguishing agents to reduce the concentration of combustible gases, thereby suppressing combustion and reducing the amount of fire extinguishing gas used.

[0021] In one embodiment, the electrochemical battery assembly is a battery cell or a battery module, and a battery management system is integrated on the battery cell or the battery module.

[0022] In one embodiment, the gas collection structure is an inclined plate obliquely arranged on the top of the gas cooling layer, the higher end of the inclined plate is connected to the bottom of the gas mixing chamber, and the lower end of the inclined plate is connected to the inner wall of the gas cooling layer.

[0023] Specifically, the gas gathering structure is used to guide the gas and gather the gas to one place, that is, to the gas mixing chamber.

[0024] In one embodiment, the battery compartment is provided with a sealing structure for preventing liquid leakage and a heat-insulating structure for heat preservation and insulation.

[0025] In one embodiment, the combustible gas puncturing structure is a bubble puncturing plate, which includes a plurality of bubble through holes evenly distributed on the bubble puncturing plate and a bubble puncturing rod disposed inside each bubble through hole.

[0026] Specifically, after the combustible gas bubbles pass through the puncture plate, they are punctured into smaller bubbles, thereby increasing the overall heat dissipation area of ​​the bubbles.

[0027] In one embodiment, a combustible gas detector is provided in the gas mixing chamber, and the combustible gas detector is connected to the fire controller via a wiring harness.

[0028] Specifically, the combustible gas detector is used to detect fire information such as the concentration and temperature of combustible gas; the fire extinguishing agent conduit is responsible for transmitting the fire extinguishing agent from the fire extinguishing system to the gas mixing chamber; the wiring harness is used for the detector signal transmission cable, which is responsible for transmitting the detector signal to the fire controller; the fire controller is responsible for fire signal processing and control, and contains a fire extinguishing system.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. The present invention adopts a circulating cooling system, a combustible gas puncture structure and a combustible gas exhaust structure in an immersed electrochemical energy storage structure to achieve combustion suppression of electrochemical cells. In detail, this solution can effectively control the temperature difference of the electrochemical cells of the energy storage system within 2°C and effectively suppress thermal runaway of the battery. Even if thermal runaway is caused by internal battery failure, the combustible gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery can be cooled and oxygen can be isolated to avoid combustion and improve the safety of the energy storage system. Insulating coolant is used as a liquid cooling medium for electrochemical cells to dissipate heat and isolate oxygen.

[0031] 2. After the combustible gas bubbles pass through the puncture plate, they are punctured into smaller bubbles, increasing the overall heat dissipation area of ​​the bubbles.

[0032] 3. Immerse the battery in insulating coolant to cool the battery, and set up a cooling pipe structure to dissipate the heat of the insulating coolant. Set up structures such as combustible gas cooling, gas collection, and exhaust to cool down the combustible gas generated by battery thermal runaway and isolate oxygen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure numerals: 1-insulating coolant, 2-radiator, 3-combustible gas piercing structure, 4-expansion joint, 5-exhaust valve, 6-gas mixing chamber, 7-breathing tube, 8-safety valve, 9-combustible gas detector, 10-fire extinguishing agent conduit, 11-wiring harness, 12-fire controller, 13-electrical chamber, 14-refrigeration unit, 15-gas gathering structure, 16-gas cooling layer, 17-cooling medium pipeline, 18-battery compartment, 19-electrochemical battery assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0037] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a fully submerged electrochemical energy storage safety structure, including an submerged cabinet, an electrochemical battery assembly 19 installed at the bottom of the submerged cabinet, an insulating coolant 1 body heat dissipation structure loaded in the submerged cabinet and submerging the electrochemical battery assembly 19, a circulating cooling system for cooling the insulating coolant 1 body heat dissipation structure, a combustible gas piercing structure 3, a gas collecting structure 15, a combustible gas exhaust structure and a combustible gas fire fighting structure;

[0042] The electrochemical cell assembly 19 is located below the combustible gas puncturing structure 3, and the gas collecting structure 15 is located on the top of the combustible gas puncturing structure 3 to collect the combustible gas to the combustible gas exhaust structure. The gas fire fighting structure cooperates with the combustible gas exhaust structure to reduce the concentration of combustible gas.

[0043] Specifically, this solution is to use a circulating cooling system, a combustible gas puncture structure 3 and a combustible gas exhaust structure in an immersed electrochemical energy storage structure to achieve combustion suppression of the electrochemical cell. In detail, this solution can effectively control the temperature difference of the electrochemical cell of the energy storage system within 2°C and effectively suppress the thermal runaway of the battery. Even if the thermal runaway is caused by an internal fault in the battery, the combustible gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery can be cooled and isolated from oxygen to avoid combustion and improve the safety of the energy storage system. The insulating coolant 1 is used as a liquid cooling medium for the electrochemical cell to dissipate heat and isolate oxygen.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a fully submerged electrochemical energy storage safety structure, including an submerged cabinet, an electrochemical battery assembly 19 installed at the bottom of the submerged cabinet, an insulating coolant 1 body heat dissipation structure loaded in the submerged cabinet and submerging the electrochemical battery assembly 19, a circulating cooling system for cooling the insulating coolant 1 body heat dissipation structure, a combustible gas piercing structure 3, a gas collecting structure 15, a combustible gas exhaust structure and a combustible gas fire fighting structure;

[0046] The electrochemical cell assembly 19 is located below the combustible gas puncturing structure 3, and the gas collecting structure 15 is located on the top of the combustible gas puncturing structure 3 to collect the combustible gas to the combustible gas exhaust structure. The gas fire fighting structure cooperates with the combustible gas exhaust structure to reduce the concentration of combustible gas.

[0047] The submerged cabinet includes a battery compartment 18, which is divided into a gas mixing compartment 6 on the top left, an electrical compartment 13 on the top right, and an insulating coolant chamber 1 at the bottom; the electrical compartment 13 is used to install electrical equipment, such as inverters, protective switches, etc.

[0048] A combustible gas puncture structure 3 is horizontally arranged in the insulating coolant 1 cavity, and the combustible gas puncture structure 3 divides the battery immersion compartment into a battery compartment at the bottom and a gas cooling layer 16 at the top; the insulating coolant 1 heat dissipation structure includes the insulating coolant 1 located inside the battery compartment and the gas cooling layer 16;

[0049] The gas cooling layer 16 is communicated with the interior of the gas mixing chamber 6 .

[0050] Specifically, this solution adopts an immersion heat dissipation method, immersing the battery in the insulating coolant 1 to cool the battery, and setting a cold pipe structure to dissipate the heat of the insulating coolant 1. Combustible gas cooling, gas collection, exhaust and other structures are set to cool the combustible gas generated by battery thermal runaway and isolate oxygen.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of embodiment 2, specifically:

[0053] The heat dissipation structure of the insulating coolant 1 includes a radiator 2 horizontally arranged on the top of the battery compartment and a refrigeration unit 14 located in the electrical compartment 13. Serpentine cooling tubes are evenly arranged in the radiator 2. The air inlet and the air return port of the refrigeration unit 14 are connected to the two ends of the serpentine cooling tube through the cooling medium pipeline 17 respectively. A hole structure is provided on the radiator 2 to allow the medium to flow up and down.

[0054] Specifically, the radiator 2 is used to cool the liquid cooling medium. There is a sealed serpentine cooling pipe inside the radiator 2 for the circulation of the refrigerant. The radiator 2 has a hole structure that allows the cooling medium and gas to flow up and down.

[0055] The cooling medium pipeline 17 is a refrigerant cold circulation pipeline, which is used to connect the refrigeration unit 14 and the radiator 2; the refrigeration unit 14 is used for refrigeration, and the refrigerant is sent into the radiator 2, and the refrigerant cools the liquid-cooled insulating medium and then flows back to the refrigeration unit.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of embodiment 3, specifically:

[0058] An expansion joint 4 is provided at the connection between the gas cooling layer 16 and the gas mixing chamber 6. An exhaust valve 5 connecting the gas cooling layer 16 and the gas mixing chamber 6 is provided on the expansion joint 4. A safety valve 8 and a breathing tube 7 connected to the outside are provided in the gas mixing chamber 6.

[0059] The combustible gas fire fighting structure includes a fire fighting controller 12 and a fire fighting extinguishing agent conduit 10 located in an electrical compartment 13 . The fire fighting extinguishing agent conduit 10 is arranged at the material outlet of the fire fighting controller 12 and is communicated with the interior of the gas mixing compartment 6 .

[0060] Specifically, the expansion joint 4 is used to compensate for the volume change of the liquid cooling medium due to thermal expansion and contraction; the exhaust valve 5 removes the gas generated during the operation of the electrochemical cell; the gas mixing chamber 6 is used to mix combustible gas and fire extinguishing agents to reduce the concentration of combustible gas, thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing combustion and reducing the amount of fire extinguishing gas used.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of embodiment 4, specifically:

[0063] The electrochemical battery assembly 19 is a battery cell or a battery module, and a battery management system is integrated on the battery cell or the battery module.

[0064] The gas collecting structure 15 is an inclined plate obliquely arranged on the top of the gas cooling layer 16 , the higher end of the inclined plate is connected to the bottom of the gas mixing chamber 6 , and the lower end of the inclined plate is connected to the inner wall of the gas cooling layer 16 .

[0065] Specifically, the gas collecting structure 15 is used to guide the gas and collect the gas into one place, that is, into the gas mixing chamber 6 .

[0066] The battery compartment 18 is provided with a sealing structure for preventing liquid leakage and a heat-insulating structure for heat preservation and insulation.

[0067] The combustible gas puncturing structure 3 is a bubble puncturing plate, which includes a plurality of bubble through holes evenly distributed on the bubble puncturing plate and a bubble puncturing rod arranged inside each bubble through hole.

[0068] Specifically, after the combustible gas bubbles pass through the puncture plate, they are punctured into smaller bubbles, thereby increasing the overall heat dissipation area of ​​the bubbles.

[0069] Example 6

[0070] This embodiment is further optimized on the basis of Embodiment 5, specifically:

[0071] A combustible gas detector 9 is arranged in the gas mixing chamber 6 , and the combustible gas detector 9 is connected to a fire controller 12 via a wiring harness 11 .

[0072] Specifically, the combustible gas detector 9 is used to detect firefighting information such as the concentration and temperature of combustible gas;

[0073] The fire extinguishing agent conduit 10 is responsible for transmitting the fire extinguishing agent from the fire extinguishing system to the gas mixing chamber 6; the wiring harness 11 is used for the detector signal transmission cable, which is responsible for transmitting the detector signal to the fire controller 12; the fire controller 12 is responsible for fire signal processing and control, and contains a fire extinguishing system.

[0074] The working project is as follows:

[0075] The electrochemical battery is immersed in the insulating coolant 1, which can be a fluorinated liquid, silicone oil, transformer-grade insulating liquid, etc. The battery generates heat during the charging and discharging process, and the heat is dissipated into the insulating coolant 1 through the battery shell. The insulating coolant 1 flows upward by heat diffusion. A refrigerator is arranged above the battery, and the refrigerator cools the insulating coolant 1. The refrigeration unit 14 dissipates the heat in the refrigerator into the air. During the entire operation, the average temperature of the insulating coolant 1 is controlled within 25°C to ensure the safe operation of the battery.

[0076] Battery thermal runaway safety control process: If thermal runaway occurs during the operation of the battery, combustible gas will be ejected from the battery, and the temperature of the ejected gas is usually greater than 300°C. The insulating coolant 1 around the battery cools down the combustible gas and isolates it from oxygen to avoid heat accumulation and combustion of combustible gas, while cooling the battery and slowing down thermal runaway; the combustible gas goes up, and the temperature will be further reduced after passing through the refrigerator. The combustible gas continues to go up and passes through the puncture plate, which punctures the combustible gas, and the combustible gas becomes a smaller volume of gas, which is conducive to gas heat dissipation. The small volume of combustible gas passes through the cooling layer and continues to cool down. The combustible gas continues to go up, through the gas gathering structure 15, and gathers at the expansion joint 4. When the gas increases, the gas is discharged from the exhaust valve 5 into the gas mixing chamber 6. When the combustible gas detector 9 detects that the concentration and temperature of the combustible gas reach the conditions for releasing the fire extinguishing agent, the fire is started and the fire extinguishing agent is released. The fire extinguisher can be carbon dioxide, inert gas, halogenated hydrocarbon, aerosol, etc. The fire extinguishing agent reduces the concentration of the combustible gas and prevents the combustion of the combustible gas. The combustible gas mixed with the fire extinguishing agent is discharged into the air through the air duct.

Claims

1. A fully immersed electrochemical energy storage safety structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises an immersion cabinet, an electrochemical battery assembly (19) installed at the bottom of the immersion cabinet, an insulating cooling liquid (1) heat dissipation structure loaded in the immersion cabinet and immersing the electrochemical battery assembly (19), a circulating cooling system for cooling the insulating cooling liquid (1) heat dissipation structure, a combustible gas piercing structure (3), a gas collecting structure (15), a combustible gas exhaust structure and a combustible gas fire fighting structure; The electrochemical cell assembly (19) is located below the combustible gas puncturing structure (3), the gas collecting structure (15) is located on the top of the combustible gas puncturing structure (3) to collect the combustible gas to the combustible gas exhaust structure, and the gas fire fighting structure cooperates with the combustible gas exhaust structure to reduce the concentration of the combustible gas.

2. A fully submerged electrochemical energy storage safety structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The submerged cabinet comprises a battery compartment (18), wherein the battery compartment (18) is divided into a gas mixing compartment (6) on the top left, an electrical compartment (13) on the top right, and an insulating coolant (1) chamber at the bottom; A combustible gas piercing structure (3) is horizontally arranged in the insulating coolant (1) cavity, and the combustible gas piercing structure (3) divides the battery immersion chamber into a battery chamber at the bottom and a gas cooling layer (16) at the top; the insulating coolant (1) heat dissipation structure includes an insulating coolant (1) located inside the battery chamber and the gas cooling layer (16); The gas cooling layer (16) is in communication with the interior of the gas mixing chamber (6).

3. A fully submerged electrochemical energy storage safety structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The insulating coolant (1) heat dissipation structure comprises a radiator (2) horizontally arranged at the top of the battery compartment and a refrigeration unit (14) located in the electrical compartment (13), serpentine cooling pipes are evenly arranged in the radiator (2), an air inlet and an air return port of the refrigeration unit (14) are respectively connected to the two ends of the serpentine cooling pipe through a cooling medium pipeline (17), and a hole structure is provided on the radiator (2) to allow the medium to flow up and down.

4. A fully submerged electrochemical energy storage safety structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: An expansion joint (4) is provided at the connection between the gas cooling layer (16) and the gas mixing chamber (6); an exhaust valve (5) connecting the gas cooling layer (16) and the gas mixing chamber (6) is provided on the expansion joint (4); a safety valve (8) and a breathing tube (7) communicating with the outside are provided in the gas mixing chamber (6).

5. A fully submerged electrochemical energy storage safety structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The combustible gas fire fighting structure comprises a fire fighting controller (12) and a fire fighting extinguishing agent conduit (10) located in the electrical compartment (13); the fire fighting extinguishing agent conduit (10) is arranged at the material outlet of the fire fighting controller (12) and is connected to the inside of the gas mixing compartment (6).

6. A fully submerged electrochemical energy storage safety structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrochemical battery assembly (19) is a battery cell or a battery module, and a battery management system is integrated on the battery cell or the battery module.

7. A fully submerged electrochemical energy storage safety structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas collecting structure (15) is an inclined plate obliquely arranged on the top of the gas cooling layer (16), the higher end of the inclined plate is connected to the bottom of the gas mixing chamber (6), and the lower end of the inclined plate is connected to the inner wall of the gas cooling layer (16).

8. A fully submerged electrochemical energy storage safety structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The battery compartment (18) is provided with a sealing structure for preventing liquid leakage and a heat-insulating structure for heat preservation and insulation.

9. A fully submerged electrochemical energy storage safety structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The combustible gas puncturing structure (3) is a bubble puncturing plate, which comprises a plurality of bubble through holes evenly distributed on the bubble puncturing plate and a bubble puncturing rod arranged inside each of the bubble through holes.

10. A fully submerged electrochemical energy storage safety structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A combustible gas detector (9) is arranged in the gas mixing chamber (6), and the combustible gas detector (9) is connected to the fire controller (12) via a wiring harness (11).

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