Routing communication method for efficient data transmission of Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention relates to a routing communication method for efficient data transmission of the Internet of Things, and aims to solve the problems of low communication efficiency, overlarge node load and data transmission delay caused by too many devices in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: a server carries initial information of an Internet of Things system, analyzes a network environment and calculates the number of routing packets; the Internet of Things devices in the communication range are notified to carry out random grouping, and all devices in the coverage system are recursively covered; the equipment randomly selects an initial group number from the received group numbers, and obtains a fixed group number through uniformity reconfiguration; and the devices with the same batch and the same routing group number share the data required by the system. Through grouping and uniform configuration, the load balance of data transmission is realized, the communication overhead is reduced, and the global benefit of data transmission is improved. The method is suitable for a large-scale Internet of Things system, the data transmission efficiency can be effectively improved, and the overall overhead of the system is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to Internet of Things communication and data transmission technology, and in particular to a routing communication method for efficiently transmitting data in the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] Existing IoT data transmission mostly adopts the following two methods. One is that the IoT device establishes a communication connection with all nearby communicable devices according to the communication coverage range. This method has complicated communication routing links. As the number of devices increases, the communication links grow exponentially. The data transmission process has a huge communication overhead for each device and the overall system, and the final aggregated global data benefits are low. This method is not applicable when there are too many devices in the IoT system, and the application scenarios are limited.

[0003] The second is that engineers debug all devices in the IoT system and establish accurate and fixed routing links to reduce the system communication overhead. This method realizes the final data aggregation through the relay of adjacent devices or groups according to the order of data transmission in the system. However, there are the following problems with this method: First, the fixed routing relationship routing path will inevitably have multiple devices with intersecting links, which bear the communication "node" function. If this type of "node" device and other devices are consistent in software and hardware, the computing power and storage space are the same, but the instantaneous data throughput of the "node" device is much greater than that of ordinary devices, which may cause data queuing, hedging failure, storage overflow failure and other functional loss situations. Second, when all device data in the IoT system are aggregated and uploaded, assuming that there are fewer server devices in the system that receive this type of data, it is necessary to request data back to the remote end in turn according to the routing link. The farther the device is, the lower the data transmission efficiency. Third, when the data is aggregated, it is assumed that multiple server devices are added and evenly distributed in the IoT system, which increases the overall equipment cost. Fourth, due to the fixed routing, different communication links and different devices lack interchangeability. If a certain device or group fails in the middle of a routing link, it may cause the remote communication of the routing link to be collectively disconnected. If there is a replacement or new equipment, the engineering staff will also need to reconfigure the routing information of the new equipment, which is not conducive to later maintenance. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology that too many devices affect the efficiency of traditional routing communications, the communication node equipment is overloaded and data transmission is lost, and the communication link is too long and the feedback of remote data from the link is slow, the following solution is designed.

[0005] A routing communication method for efficiently transmitting data in the Internet of Things includes an Internet of Things device that has formed and operated an Internet of Things system and a server that serves as a data terminal.

[0006] The method steps include: The server carries the initial information of the IoT system, analyzes the network environment after participating in the IoT system, and comprehensively calculates the number of routing groups; The server notifies the IoT devices within the communication range to start random grouping as the initial batch. After the grouping of the batch of devices is fixed, it notifies the ungrouped devices within its communication range to establish routing groups as the next batch, thereby recursively covering all devices in the system. Each device randomly selects a group number from all the group numbers received from the notification as a preliminary group number to be used; The preliminary group numbers are uniformly reconfigured to obtain fixed group numbers; Devices in the same batch and with the same routing group number share the system data they need to feedback.

[0007] Preferably, the initial information includes the total number of IoT devices, the available storage space of the IoT devices for routing communications, and analyzing the network environment refers to obtaining the number of communicative IoT devices around the server.

[0008] Preferably, the server divides the total number of IoT devices by the number of surrounding devices communicated with by the server to obtain the number of routing groups and sets the name of each group accordingly.

[0009] Preferably, the uniformity reconfiguration is to compare the total number of devices with different preliminary group numbers in the same batch, and assign the group number with a large number of devices to the group number with a small number of devices, so as to finally achieve uniform distribution of group numbers and fix the group number. Preferably, when the shared data of devices of the same batch and the same routing group number exceeds the storage space of each device, the devices with the same group number are further subdivided until the storage space can meet the shared data demand.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: improving the global benefits of Internet of Things data transmission, load balancing during network transmission, instantaneous data load balancing for individual devices, and reducing the overall system overhead. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is one of the conventional routing communication methods.

[0012] Figure 2 It is the second conventional routing communication method.

[0013] Figure 3 The present invention is an embodiment of a method for routing communication.

[0014] Figure 4 The present invention is a second embodiment of a routing communication method.

[0015] Figure 5 The present invention is an embodiment of a routing communication method three.

[0016] Figure 6 The present invention is an embodiment of a routing communication method four.

[0017] Figure 7 A fifth embodiment of a method for routing communications is provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The Internet of Things system and its affiliated equipment can independently operate the functions they possess. For example, an Internet of Things lighting system composed of Internet of Things smart lamps. The Internet of Things smart lamps include: radar sensors to sense the movement of people and vehicles, 2.4G wireless communication modules for Internet of Things networking and data communication interaction, and lighting control parts for controlling lighting lamp beads to achieve light and dark changes, duration, and linkage response functions according to networking relationships, communication interaction relationships between lamps, and program design. With the Internet of Things smart lamps as the main body, the Internet of Things system can be formed to comprehensively design the lighting plan for the system covering the building area. The method of the present invention is given as an example and further explained on this basis, which is an explanation of the technical solution but not a limitation. For the convenience of description and saving space, except for special statements, the system is used to refer to the Internet of Things system and the lamps are used to refer to the Internet of Things smart lamps.

[0019] The IoT system operates independently, which means that it has been put into operation and can realize its basic functions without the intervention of the technical methods involved in this method. When the IoT system needs to add some functions: for example, the number of radar triggers of each IoT smart lamp is used to analyze the efficiency of personnel use in the building area and further analyze user preferences, or the time corresponding to the operation of each lamp at different brightness is collected to calculate the energy consumption of the equipment and further analyze the energy saving rate of the building area. These functions have a common feature, which is that they need to collect independent data from each device in the system and upload and summarize it to devices such as servers for statistics, analysis, and display.

[0020] The more devices in the system, the greater the amount of data, and the higher the functional requirements for the devices involved in the data transmission process. For example, the instantaneous storage capacity of relay data in each device determines the system transmission data bandwidth and the data processing capacity of the device as a communication node. Therefore, it is necessary to consider making the network data transmission load of the IoT system as balanced as possible.

[0021] like Figure 1As shown, this is a traditional IoT routing communication method. That is, each device will transmit data to surrounding devices, and the device that receives the data will relay and forward it. In the case shown in the figure, IoT device 2 relatively needs to collect and relay data from 4 surrounding devices, while device 4 only needs to relay and forward data from 2 surrounding devices. It can be seen that the routing communication system using this method will cause a large change in the load of the device used as a relay router as the number of overall devices increases, or the density of device deployment per unit area increases. The load will also be unbalanced for the entire system. Therefore, this routing method is not suitable for IoT systems with too many devices.

[0022] like Figure 2 The figure shows an IoT system that has been debugged by construction personnel. After debugging, each communication route, such as device 7 to 6 to 5 to 4, and so on, can continue to extend to a more distant end. Except for the routing intersection device 7, basically each device on the routing line is only responsible for relaying the data of the upper-level device, so the load of each device is stable and small, and the overall system load is relatively balanced except for the intersection of the routing links. Figure 1 The routing communication method shown has a low overall system load, thus reducing the performance requirements for the device. However, there are still the following problems. First, the device as the communication route intersection node obviously bears a larger communication data load than other locations in the link. If there are too many intersecting communication links, then the intersection node needs to add functional components to enhance the ability to carry relay data. Second, data communication intersection is the transmission of data on each link one by one in sequence. Therefore, the longer the communication route link, the slower the request for the farthest end data, and the timeliness of system data collection is greatly affected. Third, as a communication intersection node for multiple links, as shown in device 7 in the figure, as the number of communication links that intersect device 7 increases, the process of transmitting its data to the server will inevitably increase the queuing time. If multiple link data are received at the same time, an overflow will occur, resulting in data loss and other situations.

[0023] After the Internet of Things system is running, when the aforementioned data needs to be collected and summarized, the server is introduced into the Internet of Things system. The operation of the server means that the method of the present invention starts to run in the system.

[0024] like Figure 3As shown, the server carries the total number of lamp installation information at the installation site of the IoT system and is added to the IoT system. The installation of lamps is generally based on drawings or purchased by the project party, and the quantity is fixed. Even if some conditions such as on-site installation change, a small increase or decrease will not affect the implementation of subsequent routing communication methods. It is recommended that the edge server be installed in a location where lamps are installed all around and are evenly distributed. According to the 2.4G wireless communication propagation characteristics, ordinary walls and building facilities have little effect on the range of its wireless communication functions. After the edge server is powered on, it sends a start instruction to the surrounding lamps to establish routing communication, and at the same time collects the number of lamps that can communicate in the surrounding area, which is used as the total number of routing groups. The total number of devices is divided by the total number of routing groups to obtain the number of devices in each routing group that will communicate.

[0025] by Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 All schematic diagrams are only for better description of the technical solution. The technical details and method steps not shown do not mean that they are not implemented. They are just omitted for clear display.

[0026] The server generates several group numbers according to the number of groups, hereinafter referred to as group numbers. The first group of lamps that receive the server group notification randomly select a group number from the several group numbers for preliminary binding. Figure 4 to Figure 5 , the lamps around the server are grouped into A, B, C, E, and F. Each lamp has a certain communication range, so the final effect of the devices grouped with the same number will be in the fan-shaped area indicated by the dotted line as shown in the figure. The examples listed in the figure mean that lamps E and F are on the other side of the server, and the communication of lamps in these two groups cannot reach the second batch of communication batches of lamp A. Therefore, the subsequent Figure 6 , Figure 7 When batches are grouped sequentially, group numbers E and F will not appear. Similarly, group numbers A, B, and C will not appear on the EF side.

[0027] The devices with the initially bound group numbers interact with the devices with the same batch of bound group numbers nearby to confirm that the randomly selected group numbers are evenly distributed. If there are too many individual group numbers that are not conducive to the continued implementation of the method, the devices with the group numbers are arranged according to the size of the device address data content, and the devices with large addresses are randomly assigned other group numbers until the group number even distribution condition is met.

[0028] like Figure 5 The group numbers A, B, and C in the first batch are randomly assigned to the second batch, and the number and position of each group number are basically uniform.

[0029] After all the lamps in the batch meet the group number uniform distribution conditions, each lamp device starts to notify the new batch of lamps, that is, the lamps that have not been bound to group numbers within the communication range begin to initially bind group numbers. Each lamp in the new batch may receive multiple non-repetitive group number information from the previous batch, and randomly select one of these supplementary group numbers as the group number for initial binding. After the initial binding, the same group number uniform distribution is performed, and the final group number fixation is completed.

[0030] like Figure 5 In the figure, group A is transferred from the second batch to the third batch. Groups B and C are similar in the third batch, so they are omitted.

[0031] And so on, until all the lamps in the system have completed the fixing of the group numbers. In this process, there will be obvious batch order differences between each batch, in terms of the distance to the server installation location, and in the communication transmission process. In the subsequent implementation of the invention method, the ranking priority of different batches will also be used to reduce the system communication overhead. For example, in the case of a loop connection in the building structure, when the nth batch of equipment receives the group selection group number notification, the source of its group number may be the n-1 batch in one direction and the n-2 batch in the other direction. For the sake of transmission efficiency, the device group number of the n-2 batch with a higher priority is selected for grouping.

[0032] In some IoT systems, the number of IoT devices is too large. It is possible that after the nth batch is grouped and fixed, it is found that there are still too many devices belonging to a specific group number, such as "Group A". This may cause the data of the devices with this group number in batch n to be transmitted back to the devices with the corresponding group number in batch n-1, exceeding the hardware storage space used for the implementation of the technical method. In this case where there is a risk of data overflow, a conclusion will be drawn when the uniformity of the devices in group A of batch n is determined and fed back to the devices with group A of batch n-1. All devices with group A of batch n-1 need to add grouping differentiation information, for example Figure 7 The original group number was named A. When allocating group numbers from the third batch to the fourth batch, it was found that the number of group numbers in the fourth batch A was too large, and there was a risk of data overflow during transmission. Therefore, starting from the third batch, the group numbers were changed to AA, AB, and AC and sent to the fourth batch A group devices to let them choose their grouping.

[0033] After the grouping stage is completed, the data transmission and use stage can be carried out. There are multiple parallel transmissions in this process, which achieves data load balancing, shortens transmission time and increases revenue. First, group the devices in batches 1, 2, ... n, and send data to the previous batch according to the batch number, so that each device only receives and stores the next batch of data, but multiple batches transmit data in parallel at the same time. For example, the devices in the first batch send their own first batch and data to the upper-level server, and at the same time receive and store the data of the second batch of devices, and the second batch of devices receive and store the data of the third batch; after completing the previous step, the first batch will send the received second batch of data to the server, and then the storage space will be released to continue to receive the 3 batches of device data forwarded by the second batch. And so on, multiple batches transmit data to the previous batch of devices in parallel at the same time. After a total of n parallel transmissions, all the lamp data in the system are summarized.

[0034] Secondly, all devices of the same batch and group number share data. For example, the third batch of group number A devices include lamps with n addresses A1, A2...An. Assuming that the radar trigger times of IoT smart lamps are collected every hour, the shared data of each lamp is its own address plus the trigger times data, and then sent to all the devices of group number A in the third batch, ensuring that each device of the third batch of group number A has the lamp addresses of A1, A2...An and their corresponding trigger times data, that is, after sharing, the data packet of the lamp address A2 collected separately also includes the lamp addresses of A1, A2...An and their corresponding trigger times data. Then the device of group number A in the second batch only needs to receive a data packet of group number A in the third batch, and it will receive all the data corresponding to the trigger times and lamp addresses of all group numbers A in the third batch. In this way, the devices of the same batch and group number can complete the data transmission by transmitting data to the devices of the same group number in the previous batch at the same time. This avoids queuing and bandwidth occupation during data transmission.

[0035] Again, the parallel sending and receiving confirmation of the above-mentioned data packets, for example, after the data packets of the third batch are sent to the second batch, they will wait for the second batch to confirm the receipt of the data packet instruction. As long as each group number of the third batch receives the confirmation instruction of the same group number of the second batch once, it will stop sending immediately. Each group number of the second batch will send a confirmation instruction immediately after receiving a data packet of the third group number, and will no longer receive the third batch of data packets within a certain period of time. In addition, the device data sharing mechanism within the same batch group number allows the overall data sending and receiving to present a parallel sending and receiving confirmation effect.

Claims

1. A routing communication method for efficiently transmitting data in the Internet of Things, including an Internet of Things device that has formed and operated an Internet of Things system, and a server as a data terminal, characterized in that: The server carries the initial information of the IoT system, analyzes the network environment after participating in the IoT system, and comprehensively calculates the number of routing groups; The server notifies the IoT devices within the communication range to start random grouping as the initial batch. After the grouping of the batch of devices is fixed, it notifies the ungrouped devices within its communication range to establish routing groups as the next batch, thereby recursively covering all devices in the system. Each device randomly selects a group number from all the group numbers received from the notification as a preliminary group number to be used; The preliminary group numbers are uniformly reconfigured to obtain fixed group numbers; Devices in the same batch and with the same routing group number share the system data they need to feedback.

2. According to claim 1, a routing communication method for efficiently transmitting data in the Internet of Things is characterized in that: The initial information includes the total number of IoT devices, the available storage space of IoT devices for routing communications, and the analysis of the network environment means obtaining the number of IoT devices that can communicate around the server.

3. According to claim 1, a routing communication method for efficiently transmitting data in the Internet of Things is characterized in that: The server divides the total number of IoT devices by the number of surrounding devices that the server communicates with to obtain the number of routing groups and sets the name of each group accordingly.

4. According to claim 1, a routing communication method for efficiently transmitting data in the Internet of Things is characterized in that: Uniformity reconfiguration is to compare the total number of devices with different preliminary group numbers in the same batch, and assign the group number with a large number of devices to the group number with a small number of devices, so as to finally achieve uniform distribution of group numbers and fix the group numbers.

5. According to claim 1, a routing communication method for efficiently transmitting data in the Internet of Things is characterized in that: When the shared data of devices in the same batch and with the same routing group number exceeds the storage space of each device, the devices with the same group number are further subdivided until the storage space can meet the shared data requirements.

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