Method for integrating novel coating photovoltaic module and building

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for integrating a novel coating photovoltaic module with a building. The method comprises the following steps: testing a solar cell applied in the existing photovoltaic module; carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the template, and then carrying out ozone oxidation on the template to improve the hydrophilicity, so that the template is easier to form a film; fixing the template substrate on a target position of magnetron sputtering equipment, introducing working gas argon, and controlling the quality and thickness of the required ZnO seed layer; zinc acetate dihydrate powder is put into a quantitative isopropanol solution to be stirred, an ethanolamine stabilizer is dropwise added to enhance the nucleation effect, and needed gel is formed after high-temperature heating; fixing the template on a spin coater, and dispensing the generated gel on the template to prepare a required seed layer; a ZnO nanowire precursor solution is generated; immersing the template into the precursor solution to obtain a micro-nano anti-reflection coating; testing efficiency, open-circuit voltage and power generation power factors; according to the invention, the defect of high battery efficiency loss is overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of solar cells, in particular to a method for integrating a photovoltaic component with a building using a novel coating. Background Art

[0002] As the global climate change problem becomes increasingly serious, the construction industry faces the challenge of improving energy efficiency. Building energy consumption occupies an important position in the overall energy consumption, and promoting the application of renewable energy has become an inevitable choice. The integration of photovoltaic modules can not only improve the sustainability of buildings, but also significantly reduce the degree of dependence on fossil energy. By improving the conversion efficiency of solar cells, photovoltaic technology can reduce system costs while shortening the investment recovery period, thereby effectively reducing the carbon emissions of buildings and contributing to the fight against climate change. Optical energy loss accounts for a large proportion of the efficiency loss of solar cells. Due to the incomplete absorption of incident light, the amount of photocurrent generated by the cell is small. At the same time, due to the band gap of the light absorption layer, part of the incident light cannot be effectively converted into current. It mainly includes light energy loss caused by reflection on the cell surface, light energy reflection loss caused by the difference in refractive index between layers, and transmission loss caused by insufficient thickness of the silicon cell absorption layer. Increasing the thickness of the cell will effectively reduce these losses, but increasing the weight affects the load and cost of the building.

[0003] Due to its special texture structure (including random or uniform structure), the anti-reflection coating can change the reflection, refraction and scattering of the incident light, and reflect it multiple times in the absorption layer. It effectively increases the optical path length, improves the performance of light capture, and improves the short-circuit current density of the battery, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the battery. The nanowire anti-reflection coating has the characteristics of low cost and easy preparation, and has the potential for practical application of photovoltaic modules and building integration of new coatings. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a method for integrating photovoltaic modules with buildings using a new coating, which solves the defect of high cell efficiency loss from an optical point of view and provides a feasible solution for improving the efficiency of solar cells.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for integrating a photovoltaic module with a building using a new coating, which comprises the following steps: Step 1, testing the efficiency, open circuit voltage, and power factor of solar cells used in existing photovoltaic modules; Step 2, ultrasonically clean the template to ensure the cleanliness of the template, and then ozone oxidize the template to improve its hydrophilicity and make it easier to form a film; Step 3, fix the template substrate on the target position of the magnetron sputtering equipment, introduce the working gas argon, and control the quality and thickness of the required ZnO seed layer by controlling the gas pressure and deposition time; Step 4, putting zinc acetate dihydrate powder into a certain amount of isopropanol solution and stirring, dropping ethanolamine stabilizer to enhance the nucleation effect, and heating at high temperature to form the desired gel; Step 5, fix the template on a gel-spinning machine, and drip the gel generated in step 4 onto the template at low and high speeds, respectively, and heat it in an oven to make it more membrane-friendly, and finally place the sample in a muffle furnace for annealing to obtain the desired seed layer; Step 6, placing a zinc source and an alkali source in a beaker to prepare a solution and stirring, and finally adding equal proportions into the beaker to generate a ZnO nanowire precursor solution; Step 7, immersing the template with the nanowire seed layer generated in step 5 into the ZnO nanowire precursor solution generated in step 6, placing it in a constant temperature oven for timed heating, and finally cleaning the seed layer with the nanowires, and then drying it with nitrogen to obtain a micro-nano anti-reflection coating; Step 8, the micro-nano anti-reflection coating generated in step 7 is attached to the solar cells of the existing photovoltaic module tested in step 1, and the efficiency, open circuit voltage, and power factor are tested to study the effect of the anti-reflection coating on the efficiency and power generation of the solar cells.

[0006] Preferably, in step 1, the instrument for testing the solar cell power includes Keithley 2400 and related equipment.

[0007] Preferably, in step 2, the template is ultrasonically cleaned using deionized water, ethanol and propanol reagents respectively.

[0008] Preferably, in step 5, the low speed is set to 500 r / min and rotates for 10 s.

[0009] Preferably, in step 5, the high speed is set to 3000 r / min, the rotation is 30 s, the temperature of the muffle furnace is 300° C., and the time is 2 hours.

[0010] Preferably, in step 6, the anti-reflection effect of the micro-nano anti-reflection coating is regulated by adjusting the concentrations of the alkali source and the zinc source and adjusting the length and density of the nanowires.

[0011] Preferably, the alkaline source is hexamethylenetetramine.

[0012] Preferably, the zinc source is zinc nitrate.

[0013] Preferably, in step 7, the anti-reflection effect of the micro-nano anti-reflection coating is regulated by adjusting the temperature of the oven and the heating time, and adjusting the length and density of the nanowires.

[0014] Preferably, in step 2, the template is made of high borosilicate glass material.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. The experimental method of the present invention grows a nanowire anti-reflection coating on a seed layer grown by a solution gel method and a magnetron sputtering method respectively based on a hydrothermal method. The method has the characteristics of strong stability, convenience and low cost. It solves the current defects of high battery efficiency loss and low efficiency of solar cells from an optical point of view. Finally, simulation software is used to perform simulation calculations to establish a solar cell model with a clear energy loss mechanism. From a microscopic perspective, it solves the problems of unclear planning of factors affecting battery efficiency, small dimensions and inaccurate analysis results, and provides a solution for improving the efficiency of solar cells in photovoltaic building integration.

[0016] 2. The prediction method of the present invention can precisely control the morphology (length, density, etc.) of the nanowires by adjusting factors such as the preparation conditions (precursor concentration, heating time, heating temperature), thereby affecting the anti-reflection effect of the micro-nano coating.

[0017] 3. The prediction method of the present invention is simple and efficient, has strong practicality and scalability, and is low in cost. It can control the effect of the anti-reflection coating on solar cells, provide a feasible solution for improving the efficiency of photovoltaic modules from an optical perspective, and provide technical guidance for the exploration of the application of new coating photovoltaic modules and building integration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a method for integrating a novel coated photovoltaic module with a building; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the prepared nanowires. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Example 1: Figure 1 As shown, a method for integrating a novel coated photovoltaic module with a building comprises the following steps: Step 1, testing the efficiency, open circuit voltage, and power factor of solar cells used in existing photovoltaic modules; Step 2, ultrasonically clean the template (using high borosilicate glass) with deionized water, ethanol and propanol reagents respectively to ensure the cleanliness of the template, and then ozone oxidize the template to improve the hydrophilicity and make it easier to form a film; in this embodiment, the size of the solar cell used for the test and the performance parameters are known numbers, and the bottom template of the new coating is selected, which is required to match the size of the solar cell and have the characteristics of high transmittance and high hardness, and high borosilicate glass meets the above characteristics. Step 3, fix the template substrate on the target position of the magnetron sputtering equipment, introduce the working gas argon, and control the quality and thickness of the required ZnO seed layer by controlling the gas pressure and deposition time; the target material selected by the magnetron sputtering method is ZnO target material (purity ≥99%), and the instrument used is a magnetron sputtering instrument.

[0021] Step 4, putting zinc acetate dihydrate powder into a quantitative isopropanol solution and stirring, dropping ethanolamine stabilizer to enhance the nucleation effect, and forming the desired gel after high temperature heating; the protonation ability of ethanolamine stabilizer makes ions more prone to reaction and enhances the nucleation effect.

[0022] Step 5, fix the template on a gel-spinning machine, and drip the gel generated in step 4 onto the template at low and high speeds, respectively, and heat it in an oven to make it more membrane-friendly, and finally place the sample in a muffle furnace for annealing to obtain the desired seed layer; Step 6, placing a zinc source and an alkali source in a beaker to prepare a solution and stirring, and finally adding equal proportions into the beaker to generate a ZnO nanowire precursor solution; Step 7, immersing the template with the nanowire seed layer generated in step 5 into the ZnO nanowire precursor solution generated in step 6, placing it in a constant temperature oven for timed heating, and finally cleaning the seed layer with the nanowires, and then drying it with nitrogen to obtain a micro-nano anti-reflection coating; Figure 2 As shown, the prepared nanowire material has a high aspect ratio, uniform distribution, strong chemical stability and good chemical properties; Step 8, the micro-nano anti-reflection coating generated in step 7 is attached to the solar cells of the existing photovoltaic module tested in step 1, and the efficiency, open circuit voltage, and power factor are tested to study the effect of the anti-reflection coating on the efficiency and power generation of the solar cells.

[0023] Preferably, in step 1, the instrument for testing the solar cell power includes Keithley 2400 and related equipment.

[0024] Preferably, in step 5, the low speed is set to 500 r / min, and the rotation is performed for 10 s, the high speed is set to 3000 r / min, and the rotation is performed for 30 s, the temperature of the muffle furnace is 300° C., and the time is 2 hours.

[0025] Preferably, in step 6, by adjusting the concentrations of the alkali source and the zinc source, the length and density of the nanowires can be adjusted to adjust the anti-reflection effect of the micro-nano anti-reflection coating.

[0026] Preferably, the alkali source is hexamethylenetetramine, and the zinc source is zinc nitrate.

[0027] Preferably, in step 7, the length and density of the nanowires can be adjusted by regulating the temperature of the oven and the heating time to adjust the anti-reflection effect of the micro-nano anti-reflection coating.

[0028] Preferably, in step 2, the template is made of high borosilicate glass material, which, as a base material, has the characteristics of high transmittance and high hardness.

[0029] The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrating a photovoltaic module with a building using a novel coating, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1, testing the efficiency, open circuit voltage, and power factor of solar cells used in existing photovoltaic modules; Step 2, ultrasonically clean the template to ensure the cleanliness of the template, and then ozone oxidize the template to improve its hydrophilicity and make it easier to form a film; Step 3, fix the template substrate on the target position of the magnetron sputtering equipment, introduce the working gas argon, and control the quality and thickness of the required ZnO seed layer by controlling the gas pressure and deposition time; Step 4, placing zinc acetate dihydrate powder into a certain amount of isopropanol solution and stirring, dropping ethanolamine stabilizer to enhance the nucleation effect, and heating at high temperature to form the desired gel; Step 5, fix the template on a gel-spinning machine, and drip the gel generated in step 4 onto the template at low and high speeds, respectively, and heat it in an oven to make it more membrane-friendly, and finally place the sample in a muffle furnace for annealing to obtain the desired seed layer; Step 6, placing a zinc source and an alkali source in a beaker to prepare a solution and stirring, and finally adding equal proportions into the beaker to generate a ZnO nanowire precursor solution; Step 7, immersing the template with the nanowire seed layer generated in step 5 into the ZnO nanowire precursor solution generated in step 6, placing it in a constant temperature oven for timed heating, and finally cleaning the seed layer with the nanowires, and then drying it with nitrogen to obtain a micro-nano anti-reflection coating; Step 8, the micro-nano anti-reflection coating generated in step 7 is attached to the solar cells of the existing photovoltaic module tested in step 1, and the efficiency, open circuit voltage, and power factor are tested to study the effect of the anti-reflection coating on the efficiency and power generation of the solar cells.

2. A method for integrating a photovoltaic module with a building using a novel coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the instruments for testing the solar cell power include Keithley 2400 and related equipment.

3. A method for integrating a photovoltaic module with a building using a novel coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the template is ultrasonically cleaned using deionized water, ethanol and propanol reagents respectively.

4. A method for integrating a photovoltaic module with a building using a novel coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the low speed is set to 500 r / min and rotates for 10 seconds.

5. The method of integrating a photovoltaic module with a building using a novel coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the high speed is set to 3000 r / min, the rotation is 30 seconds, the temperature of the muffle furnace is 300° C., and the time is 2 hours.

6. The method of integrating a photovoltaic module with a building using a novel coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6, the anti-reflection effect of the micro-nano anti-reflection coating is regulated by adjusting the concentration of the alkali source and the zinc source and adjusting the length and density of the nanowires.

7. A method for integrating a photovoltaic module with a building using a novel coating according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The alkaline source is hexamethylenetetramine.

8. A method for integrating a photovoltaic module with a building using a novel coating according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The zinc source is zinc nitrate.

9. The method of integrating a photovoltaic module with a building using a novel coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 7, the anti-reflection effect of the micro-nano anti-reflection coating is regulated by adjusting the temperature of the oven and the heating time, and adjusting the length and density of the nanowires.

10. The method of integrating a photovoltaic module with a building using a novel coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the template is made of high borosilicate glass material.

Images