Device for coating a carrier substrate with a powdery material

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (100; 100*) for coating a carrier substrate (006) with a powdery material (004), the device comprising at least one first application unit (101), the first application unit comprising a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103) adjacent to the first roller (102; 102'), the first roller and the second roller forming a first gap (104; 104') for film formation in a nip (107; 107') between their shell faces, through which the powdery material (004) can be fed in order to form a first dry film (003') there, wherein the second roller (103; 103') or a further roller downstream of the second roller (103) viewed in the direction of material flow forms a second gap (107) with a roller (103'; 106) serving as a nip roller (103'; 106), through which the carrier substrate (106) to be coated can be guided and can be loaded with the dry film (106) formed in the first gap (104; 104'), the first roller and the second roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') being able to be inclined to one another with respect to the relative course of their axes of rotation (R102; R103, R102'; R103') and being able to be varied in their relative inclination (a) in such a way that the first or the second roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') is pivotably supported in the device about an actual or imaginary pivot axis (S) which extends perpendicular to the axis of rotation (R102; R103, R102'; R103') of the pivotable roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') and / or of the other one of the two rollers (103; 102; 103'; 102').

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for coating, particularly dry coating, a carrier substrate with a powder material. Background Technology

[0002] In WO2020 / 150254A1, a film is produced by calendering a powder mixture and winding the film onto a roll to feed it into a further process in which the film can be laminated onto a current collector. In one embodiment, the powder mixture is placed on a belt and guided on the belt into the gap between two rollers.

[0003] KR102359521B1 discloses an apparatus for dry coating a current collector web with an active material layer, wherein a first roller and a second roller are provided for each side of the web, an active material layer is formed between the rollers, and the corresponding active material layer is applied to the current collector web at a pressing portion between the two second rollers. First and second devices for oscillating the roller spacing are provided, allowing the spacing between the first and second rollers to be adjusted respectively. The first and second devices include mechanical cylinders driven by servo motors. Furthermore, a third device is provided for adjusting the roller gap formed between the second rollers. Thus, the electrode thickness can be easily controlled by the gap width. In one embodiment, a cylinder may also be provided between the second rollers to maintain a constant spacing.

[0004] DE102008009341A1 relates to a method for grinding, mixing, dispersing, homogenizing, etc., of liquid to paste materials in a roller array having multiple rollers each supported at two ends in bearing housings, wherein the material is continuously conveyed from the first roller to the last take-off roller, where it is removed by a scraper. The spacing or proximity of two of the outermost rollers to the middle roller can be changed by pivoting the bearing housing. The bearing housings at the ends of at least one roller are independently and adjustably designed transversely to the roller axis by corresponding eccentric bearings, such that the position relative to the other rollers can be adjusted by opposite deflection of the eccentric wheels.

[0005] In WO2020 / 148410A2, in one of the illustrated embodiments, a film is formed in the gap between the first and second rollers, and the film is applied to a substrate web that is guided through the gap between the second and third rollers.

[0006] WO2022 / 169237A1 relates to a laminating apparatus for manufacturing electrode units using a roller pair, by which a first electrode, a diaphragm, a second electrode, a second diaphragm, and a third electrode can be pressed together. The rollers in the roller pair are individually pressed together at their ends by push rollers. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus for coating, particularly dry coating, a carrier substrate with powdered materials.

[0008] A particular advantage of this invention is that the apparatus can be used to reliably produce coated carrier substrates having a layer of active material that is as uniform and / or defined as possible.

[0009] In an embodiment of the invention particularly suitable for an apparatus for coating, in particular, a carrier substrate with powdered material, the apparatus has at least one first application unit comprising a first roller and a second roller, the first roller and the second roller forming a first slit for film formation in a pressing portion between their shell surfaces, through which powdered material can be fed to form a first dry film, and the apparatus has a roller serving as a pressing roller, which forms a second slit with the second roller of the first application unit or other rollers that follow the second roller downstream, either indirectly or directly, along the direction of material flow, through which the carrier substrate to be coated can be guided and loaded with the dry film formed in the first slit and, in particular, conveyed to the second slit via the second roller and, if necessary, additional rollers.

[0010] According to the invention, the first and second rollers can be inclined relative to each other in terms of their relative orientation of rotation axes, and their relative inclination can be variable, in such a way that the first or second roller is pivotally supported in the device about an actual or imaginary pivot axis that extends perpendicular to the rotation axis of the pivotable roller. Thus, the interlacing of the rollers can be achieved, thereby compensating for bending caused by the contact force and achieving a constant gap width.

[0011] For the tilted or pivotable design of the rollers, the tilted axes of rotation are preferably located in two planes that are parallel to each other, and / or the pivotable supports are arranged and / or designed such that the pivoting movement of the axes of rotation occurs in a plane perpendicular to the direction of adjustment of the distance and / or the contact force between the first or second roller and / or perpendicular to the plane extending from the pivot axis, without the plane moving along the direction of the pivot axis due to pivoting, and / or the pivot axis not changing its position in space.

[0012] By pivoting the axis of rotation advantageously in a plane that is perpendicular to the adjustment direction and / or relative to a fixed space, the adjustment movement and pivoting can be disconnected.

[0013] In a particularly advantageous embodiment with rollers that are inclined to each other, the first and second rollers of the associated application unit are supported in or on different subframes, and the subframe carrying the pivotable rollers is generally, together with the corresponding and interconnected frame walls on both sides and the rollers carried thereon, pivotable about a pivot axis.

[0014] In a particularly advantageous embodiment with a multi-part frame and sub-frame pivoting, the roller axes can be staggered to each other without additional shear forces acting on the end-side bearings, or even the risk of bearing damage due to tilting.

[0015] In a particularly advantageous embodiment for adjusting rollers or subframes, one or more adjusting devices with drive mechanisms are provided between two or more adjacent subframes. These adjusting devices engage with corresponding actuating ends on the subframes in such a way that they are designed to introduce, through the adjusting devices, a traction force that enables relative movement between the subframes and / or abutment between the rollers. That is, instead of pressing the bearings of the frame or roller against another roller from an external fixed bearing, the two adjacent frames are loaded with a traction force toward each other and, at least for abutment, move or be pulled toward each other. Thus, the force acts precisely and only between these two rollers, rather than through one of the two rollers to any potentially adjacent roller.

[0016] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the adjusting mechanism, the adjusting device having two working ends engages two or more adjacent subframes that are variable in distance and / or contact force between them, in such a way that the same plane, in particular an imaginary plane, extending perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of at least one of the rollers supported on the two adjacent subframes, intersects with at least one engagement surface constructed in the region of the working end of the corresponding subframe and the corresponding axially effective support width of the rollers supported on the two subframes.

[0017] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the coating apparatus, a dry film can be formed on both sides of the carrier substrate. In this advantageous embodiment, application units with corresponding laminating rollers are provided on both sides of the substrate path, the laminating rollers forming a double-sided application or lamination gap in the pressing portion between their shell surfaces. Here, two laminating rollers forming a gap between each other act as pressing rollers. Thus, the carrier substrate guided between these laminating rollers can be loaded with the dry film formed in the corresponding application units on both sides. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings and described in more detail below.

[0019] in:

[0020] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic of the product to be manufactured;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the generation and application of the dry film is provided.

[0022] Figure 3 An embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product by utilizing the application stage of an embodiment according to the first set of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate;

[0023] Figure 4 Show Figure 3 An enlarged view of the application stage of the first implementation scheme;

[0024] Figure 5 Alternative embodiments of the first set of embodiments are shown;

[0025] Figure 6 Further alternative embodiments of the first set of embodiments are shown;

[0026] Figure 7 Further alternative embodiments of the first set of embodiments are shown;

[0027] Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating an implementation scheme of the second set of embodiments is shown;

[0028] Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of the second set of embodiments is shown;

[0029] Figure 10 An embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product by utilizing the application stage of an embodiment according to the second set of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate;

[0030] Figure 11 This illustrates a design with two rollers connected in pairs, according to the first design. Figure 10 A magnified view of the application phase;

[0031] Figure 12 This illustrates a design according to the second specification, featuring two rollers connected in pairs. Figure 10 A magnified view of the application phase;

[0032] Figure 13 An illustration showing the removal device as viewed from a slightly below angle;

[0033] Figure 14 An oblique view showing a product segment with a slight excess of primer on the side;

[0034] Figure 15Another embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product by utilizing the application stage of an embodiment according to the second set of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate is shown;

[0035] Figure 16 Another embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product by utilizing the application stage of an embodiment according to the second set of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate is shown;

[0036] Figure 17 A perspective view showing an embodiment of an application unit having a multi-piece rack, particularly a dual application unit;

[0037] Figure 18 The basis for showing a multi-piece rack is shown. Figure 17 A perspective view of an embodiment of an application unit, particularly a dual application unit;

[0038] Figure 19 A cross-sectional view of a sub-rack of a multi-piece rack is shown;

[0039] Figure 20 A schematic cross-sectional view showing the storage area of ​​the sub-rack;

[0040] Figure 21 A cross-sectional view of a subframe having a stop mechanism for defining positioning movements is shown;

[0041] Figure 22 A schematic diagram of a roller having two mutually inclined axes of rotation is shown.

[0042] Figure 23 A front view of a subframe with bearings that enable pivoting is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The apparatus or machine described below relates to the manufacture of electrode unit 001 of an electrochemical energy storage device, particularly as it is used in a battery or accumulator, such as a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery, or especially a lithium-ion battery, and a solid-state battery.

[0044] The product to be manufactured by the machine can be formed, for example, from a workpiece still to be cut, such as a web-shaped intermediate product 002, such as a product strip designed as an electrode strip, or from a single sheet-like final product already cut in the machine, such as a product segment formed as an electrode unit 001 (hereinafter referred to as an electrode).

[0045] To manufacture such a product, which comprises a carrier substrate 006, preferably a carrier substrate web, such as a carrier substrate web, such as a current conductor substrate formed of, for example, a current conductor film, a material layer applied on one or both sides, particularly preferably an active material layer as a dry film, an apparatus 100; 100*, simply referred to as a coating apparatus, for coating, particularly dry coating, the aforementioned carrier substrate 006 with the aforementioned material layer, preferably a dry film, particularly a powder composite film, particularly a dry coating, includes at least a first application unit 101, through which a powder, preferably dry material, particularly preferably a solvent and / or a dry powder mixture, can first be processed into a dry film 003, particularly by pressing and / or using pressing force, and then the dry film can be applied to a first side of the carrier substrate 006, particularly by pressing and / or using pressing force. The dry film to be applied should, for example, have a thickness of 20 μm to 240 μm, preferably 40 μm to 100 μm after application and pressing.

[0046] The aforementioned powder mixture, particularly as a dry powder, is specifically intended for manufacturing electrode units 001 for lithium-ion battery packs or rechargeable batteries. It comprises, for example, more than 90% by weight of active materials, such as lithium compounds: lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, nickel-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese nickel oxide, and / or lithium titanate, including some, for example, 3% by weight of lead additives, some, for example, graphite or so-called carbon nanotubes (CNTs), i.e., multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and some, for example, 2% by weight of synthetic materials that act as binders in the subsequent powder composite material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0047] The carrier substrate 006, for example, also represents the current-conducting layer of the electrode unit 001, and is made of a conductive material, such as a thin film, nonwoven fabric, or woven material, for example, formed of metal. The conductive material is formed of aluminum or copper, particularly for manufacturing the electrode unit 001 for lithium-ion batteries or accumulators, and / or has a thickness d006 of, for example, 5 to 16 μm. In the case of manufacturing the anode, the conductive material is particularly made of copper, for example, with a thickness d006 in the range of 5 to 13 μm, and in the case of manufacturing the cathode, it is particularly made of aluminum, for example, with a thickness d006 in the range of 7 to 16 μm.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the carrier substrate 006 has a surface coating with a bonding aid or bonding agent 007; 007', such as an adhesive, primer, or binder, at least on the surface area of ​​the dry film to be coated. This medium can be formed from a thermoplastic or reactive adhesive or primer, and may include, for example, a thermoplastic component and / or have a thickness d007 of only a few micrometers, for example, at most 5 μm, particularly at most 3 μm.

[0049] The thickness d003 of the active material layer of the product (i.e., electrode unit 001 or electrode core wire); d003' is, for example, at most 240 μm, particularly at most 150 μm, preferably at most 100 μm and / or, for example, at least 20 μm, particularly at least 30 μm, preferably at least 40 μm.

[0050] If necessary, after a calendering process connected online or in another machine to the process of applying or coating a dry film onto the carrier substrate 006, the total thickness of the product coated on both sides is, for example, at most 500 μm, particularly at most 320 μm, preferably at most 220 μm and / or at least 50 μm, particularly at least 70 μm, preferably at least 90 μm. In this case, the density of the applied material is, for example, greater than 3000 kg / m³. 3 Preferably greater than or equal to 3500 kg / m 3 The intermediate product 002, which leaves the machine used for pure coating and is here also referred to as a pre-formed product, can have a lower density if necessary, but for example, a density of 2000 kg / m³. 3 Preferably, it should be at least 2500 kg / m 3 Especially for at least 2900 kg / m 3 In the case of single-sided coating only, the total thickness of the finished product, which is further compacted by at least one calendering process if necessary, reaches, for example, 255 μm, particularly 165 μm, preferably 65 μm and / or 30 μm, particularly at least 40 μm, preferably at least 50 μm.

[0051] If a sufficiently large force is provided during the coating process or simultaneously with the application of the dry film, or if such force can be applied in the lamination gaps, the aforementioned values ​​for the total thickness and / or density of the final product or, for example, the intermediate product 002 that only requires cross-cutting are also shown in the case of a subsequent calendering process following the coating process.

[0052] To ensure a highly efficient manufacturing process, the carrier substrate 006, preferably in the form of a strip, is preferably processed into the aforementioned final or intermediate product, having, for example, a width b006 of at least 300 mm, advantageously 500 mm, particularly at least 550 mm, or even 600 mm and greater, and in a particularly advantageous embodiment even reaching 1200 mm. Here, the carrier substrate 006 is not coated with a dry film over its entire width, but only in the exposed edge areas, where the surface of the metallic conductive carrier substrate 006 is exposed and remains accessible, for example, for wiring purposes. Such a width b003 of the coated portion reaches, for example, at least 200 mm, advantageously at least 230 mm, or even 300 mm and greater.

[0053] To manufacture the dry film 003 as described above, the first roller 102 of the first application unit 101, particularly the dispensing roller 102 and the second roller 103, particularly the laminating roller 103, are arranged such that a first gap 104, particularly a first film-forming gap, is formed between the rollers. To form the dry film 003, a powder mixture, for example conveyed by a device 700 (hereinafter referred to as the powder conveying device 700) for conveying powdered material to the pressing section, can be conveyed through the first film-forming gap (see, for example, see...). Figure 2 The net width of the first slit 104 at its narrowest point is even determined before the dry film passes through the application site, where the dry film is applied to the carrier substrate 006 under pressure, if necessary, to a greater thickness than the thickness in subsequent products.

[0054] Here, the application site is preferably formed directly in the pressing portion of the second roller 103, which in this case acts as a laminating roller 103, and the roller acting as a pressing roller 106; 103', or formed by the roller acting as a laminating roller and the roller acting as a pressing roller 106; 103' (not shown here), which cooperates directly with the second roller 103 or via one or more other rollers. A second gap 107 is formed in the pressing portion between the shell surfaces of the second or other roller acting as a laminating roller and the roller acting as a pressing roller 106; 103, particularly the application gap 107, which is referred to below as the lamination gap 107, for example, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided, and particularly on the side opposite to the pressing roller 106; 103, a dry film 003 with a thickness of, for example, at least 40µm, such as between 50µm and 200µm, particularly between 60 and 120µm, formed through the first film-forming gap, can be loaded.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the application phase includes a second application unit 101' (see, for example, see...). Figures 3 to 13 Through this second application unit, a powder mixture, particularly solvent-free and / or dry, conveyed, for example, by a second device 700' for conveying powdered materials (referred to as powder conveying device 700') in the pressing section, can first be processed, particularly by pressing and / or using pressing force, into a second dry film, and this second dry film can then be applied to another second side of the carrier substrate 006, particularly by pressing and / or using pressing force. In principle, this can be the same as or different from the first powder mixture.

[0056] Similarly, in the second application unit 101', preferably, the first roller 102', particularly the dispensing roller 102', and the second roller 103', particularly the laminating roller 103', are arranged such that the first roller and the second roller have a first gap 104', particularly a second film-forming gap, in the pressing portion between their shell surfaces, through which the powder mixture can be conveyed to form a second dry film 003'.

[0057] Here, the second roller of the second application unit 101', which directly or indirectly cooperates with the second roller or via one or more other rollers and acts as a laminating roller (not shown here), forms a gap 107'; 107 with the roller serving as the pressing roller 106'; 103 in the pressing portion between its shell surfaces. The substrate 006 can be guided through this gap and, particularly on the second side away from the second pressing roller 106'; 103, can be loaded with a second dry film 003' formed through the second film-forming gap.

[0058] In the first set of embodiments of the coating apparatus (see, for example, see...) Figures 3 to 7 The second application gap 107' is formed by a second roller, which is different from the first application gap or lamination gap 107, such as the lamination gap 107', and acts in particular as a pressure roller 106', which is different from the first application unit 101's first pressure roller 106 and / or the lamination roller 103'. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided through this gap, and particularly on the second side opposite to the second pressure roller 106', it can be loaded with a second dry film 003' formed by the second film-forming gap. In this embodiment, two independent application units 101; 101' are provided on both sides of the carrier substrate. Therefore, different conditions for the corresponding application process can be adjusted independently in the relevant lamination gaps 107; 107'. Here, for example, different pressing forces or linear forces and / or, if necessary, temperatures can be adjusted.

[0059] For such an implementation, for example, for a large wrapping degree, in the corresponding application unit 101; 101', the metering roller 102; 102', the laminating roller 103; 103', and the combining roller 106; 106' forming a lamination gap 107; 107' with the laminating roller, in a first embodiment variant, can be arranged relative to each other such that the planes connecting the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102' of their respective adjacent rollers intersect at an angle α, which is, for example, between 40° and 130°, particularly between 70° and 110°, and preferably between 80° and 100°. A large wrapping degree can achieve better heat transfer in the combining roller 106; 106', which can be temperature-adjustable if necessary, and / or better, for example, vibration-free upper and lower rollers (see, for example, [reference needed]).Figures 3 to 5 ).

[0060] Therefore, the corresponding pressing rollers 106 and 106' can be arranged, for example, below the laminating rollers 103 and 103', such that the plane connecting the rotation axes R103, R106, and R103' of the two rollers deviates from the vertical direction by a maximum of ±30°, and more particularly by a maximum of ±15°. The pressing force and gravity in the lamination gap act primarily in the same direction.

[0061] In a second implementation variant, which is advantageous in terms of the forces acting and the direction of loading, the metering roller 102; 102', the laminating roller 103; 103', and the combining roller 106; 106' forming the lamination gap 107; 107' with the laminating roller are arranged relative to each other, for example, such that the planes connecting the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of each pair of adjacent rollers intersect at most an acute angle α, which is at most 20°, and particularly at 0°, such that the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the three rollers of the same application unit 101; 101' lie in the same plane. Therefore, this arrangement is very rigid because the forces and reactions point at least primarily in opposite directions to each other.

[0062] Here, the two application units 101; 101' are arranged on different sides of the substrate path with their laminating rollers 103; 103', and can be arranged to overlap each other in such a way that the two lamination gaps 107; 107' are placed vertically overlapping each other in one embodiment (see, for example, [reference]). Figure 6 Or in another embodiment, they are staggered horizontally, particularly by at least half and at most one and a half times the diameter of the laminating rollers (see, for example, [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 7 ). With the help of Figure 7 For example, a substrate guiding scheme adapted to other embodiments can be indicated by dashed lines, which allows for a larger wrap angle and thus better heat transfer and / or a more stable upper roller. For this purpose, the substrate path is deflected by the attached substrate guiding element 121 in such a way that, when wrapped onto the subsequent roller, the conveying direction T... S The transmission direction T relative to the output carrier substrate 006 S Tilt at least 45°.

[0063] In addition to the dispensing rollers 102; 102', the second rollers 103; 103', or rollers that cooperate directly with the second rollers or indirectly through one or more other rollers and act as laminating rollers, in an advantageous improvement, additional rollers 118; 118' are provided (see, for example, see...). Figure 5(All embodiments of the first group in the text), the roller can abut against the dry film that can be conveyed or guided on the laminating roller 103; 103', in the distribution gap and the lamination gap 107; 107' of the laminating roller 103; 103' in the form of a calendering roller 118; 118', depending on the operating conditions, i.e. during the production process.

[0064] In the above-described embodiments, variations, and implementations, in the first configuration for roller support, the laminating rollers 103 and 103' of the corresponding application units 101 and 101' are fixed in position with their rotation axes R103 and R103' depending on the operating conditions, but are adjustable in position if necessary. The metering rollers 102 and 102' and the pressure rollers 106 and 106' are also adjustablely supported by their respective adjustment drive devices 109 and 109', 111 and 111', respectively, in a direction having at least one direction toward and / or away from the movement separation of the corresponding laminating rollers 103 and 103'. Herein and hereinafter, the term "adjustment drive" 109; 109'; 111; 111' refers to the entire structure that enables and / or allows direct or indirect adjustment of the roller, these mechanisms are also referred to hereinafter as adjustment devices 109; 109'; 111; 111', and include at least one adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' guiding the adjustment motion along the roller and one or more drive mechanisms 132; 132'; 133; 133' for achieving adjustment.

[0065] In order to adjust the corresponding dispensing roller 102; 102' onto the second roller 103; 103', the first design includes a position-based adjustment drive device 109; 109' or an adjustment mechanism 109; 109' for position-based adjustment, i.e., an adjustment drive device 109; 109' or an adjustment mechanism 109; 109', through which a position defined for the component to be adjusted can be achieved. The position-based adjustment drive device 109; 109' or the position-based adjustment drive mechanism 109; 109' is, for example, locating in a prescribed and / or defined position or capable of operating or adjusting in a position-controllable or even position-adjustable manner.

[0066] Such a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' can be implemented, for example, by the drive mechanism 132; 133, for example, the drive motor itself, occupying a defined, predetermined position, which is feasible for example, for a position-controllable servo drive or motor, or by the adjustment path being defined at least toward a critical side, for example, by means of an adjustable stop mechanism 119, such as an adjustable stop 119, which defines the end position and the part to be adjusted in position is adjusted or can be adjusted toward the stop by means of, for example, a force-based or non-position-controllable drive mechanism. Here, the roller 102; 102' is supported, for example, in or on the adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', which is formed by, for example, a bearing mechanism that precisely executes the adjustment path. This is particularly advantageous for small adjustment ranges under large forces, for example, by bearings including eccentric wheels, such as three-ring bearings. In cases where the adjustment is parallel to the direction of adjustment and therefore more direct in terms of the adjustment path, linear bearings 112 and 112' extending along the direction of adjustment may also be advantageous.

[0067] In order to adjust the corresponding pressure rollers 103; 106; 106', in this first advantageous embodiment, a force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111' or an adjustment mechanism 111; 111' for force-based adjustment is provided, that is, the adjustment drive device 111; 111' or adjustment mechanism 111, which can be abutted against the support with a defined force. The force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111' or the adjustment mechanism 111; 111' for force-based adjustment is, for example, adjustable in terms of specified and / or defined forces, or can operate or adjust in a force-controllable or even adjustable manner.

[0068] This force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111', particularly located at least on one side, can be implemented, for example, in such a way that the drive mechanism 132, such as the drive motor 132 itself, can apply a defined and predetermined force. This is feasible for, for example, a torque-adjustable or controllable servo drive or motor, particularly a torque-adjustable or controllable one. Alternatively, the roller to be adjusted can be brought into contact with the other roller 103; 103' by means of a pressure medium-operable drive mechanism, such as a pneumatically or hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132; 133, with the adjustment force directed toward the critical side. The pressure of the drive mechanism 132; 133 is preferably adjustable. Here, the pressure roller 106; 106' is supported, for example, in or on the adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', which is formed by a bearing mechanism 112; 112' that achieves the adjustment force force force based on force, i.e., without additional mechanical restrictions on the adjustment path. Therefore, for example, at least on one side, but preferably on both sides, the bearing mechanism 112; 112' designed as a linear bearing can be advantageously formed into such a bearing mechanism.

[0069] However, in the second embodiment, in the opposite manner, the dispensing rollers 102 and 102' can be adjusted based on force, and the pressure rollers 106 and 106' can be adjusted based on position. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the manner described above with corresponding solutions.

[0070] However, in the third design, the two rollers can be adjusted based on force, and in the fourth design, the two rollers can also be adjusted based on force. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding schemes described above.

[0071] In a particularly advantageous fifth design, a combination of adjustment mechanisms 112; 113; 112'; 113' and / or a combination of adjustment drives 109; 109'; 111; 111' or a combination of adjustment mechanisms 109; 109'; 111; 111' are provided for adjusting at least the dispensing rollers 102; 102' and / or at least the pressure rollers 106; 106', which selectively achieve position-based adjustment of the relevant rollers or force-based adjustment.

[0072] Such a combination of adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' is, for example, formed by adjustment drive devices 109; 111; 109'; 111' or adjustment mechanisms 109; 111; 109' having adjustment mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113', in which stops 119, for example, position-determining by the drive mechanism and / or adjustment mechanism, can be selectively inserted in the drive path of the adjustment mechanism to define the position. Alternatively, it is also advantageous for the adjustment drive device 109; 111; 109'; 111' to include, as drive mechanisms 132; 133; 132'; 133', a motor 132; 132'; 133', particularly a servo motor, capable of position-adjustable or controllable or torque-adjustable or controllable operation.

[0073] In the second configuration for the roller support, the pressure roller 106 106' of the corresponding application unit 101; 101' is fixedly positioned, but adjustable if necessary, along with the laminating roller 103; 103' and its respective assigned metering roller 102; 102' via a corresponding common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or adjustment drive 111; 111' in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding pressure roller 106; 106'. Additionally, the corresponding metering roller 102; 102' is adjustablely supported via a bearing mechanism and / or adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the respective assigned laminating roller 103; 103'.

[0074] In the first advantageous design, in order to adjust the corresponding metering rollers 102; 102', a position-based adjustment drive device 109; 109' is provided in the manner described above, for example, a bearing mechanism formed by a three-ring bearing or a linear bearing is provided on one or both sides. In order to adjust the laminating rollers 103; 103' having their respective metering rollers 102; 102' in pairs, a force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111' can be provided in the manner described above.

[0075] However, in the second design, in the opposite manner, the dispensing rollers 102 and 102' can be force-adjustable, and the roller pairs 103, 102, 103', and 102 are position-adjustable. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding scheme described above.

[0076] However, in the third design, the metering rollers 102; 102' and roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 are force-adjustable, while in the fourth design, the metering rollers 102; 102' and roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 are position-adjustable. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding schemes described above.

[0077] In a particularly advantageous fifth embodiment, in order to adjust at least the metering rollers 102; 102' and / or at least the oscillating roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102, a combination of adjustment mechanisms 112; 113; 112, 113 is provided in the manner described above and / or in the above embodiments. These adjustment mechanisms allow the roller pairs to be adjusted based on position or force toward the pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103.

[0078] In the second set of embodiments of the application device (see, for example, in...) Figures 8 to 12 , Figure 15 , Figure 16 , Figure 17 , Figure 18 As shown in the diagram, the second roller of the second application unit 101' or the roller of the second application unit 101' that directly or indirectly cooperates with the second roller 103' through one or more other rollers forms a common gap 107 in the pressing portion between the shell surfaces of the second or other rollers 103 of the first application unit 101 that act as laminating rollers 103, which functions as double-sided lamination gaps 107. The two laminating rollers 103' that form gaps 107 between each other act as pressing rollers 103'; 103. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided through the laminating rollers and, particularly on both sides, can be applied as a dry film formed respectively via the first and second film-forming gaps. This arrangement of two application units 101' that cooperate for simultaneous application on both sides is hereinafter also referred to as dual application units 101; 101'.

[0079] In the respective application units 101; 101', the planes formed by the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the metering rollers 102; 102' and the laminating rollers 103; 103' intersect at most an acute angle α, which is, for example, a maximum of 20°, advantageously a maximum of 5°, and particularly 0°, such that, in the case of 0°, the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the rollers of the two application units 101; 101' that cooperate in the lamination gaps 107 on both sides are located in the same plane or are parallel to each other but vertically staggered.

[0080] In the first embodiment, the two planes extend in a common horizontal plane or horizontally, but are vertically offset from each other (see, for example, [reference needed]). Figure 8 ).

[0081] In a second embodiment, which is advantageous for small wrapping, for example, the two planes extend in a common plane inclined to the horizontal plane, or in two planes inclined to the horizontal plane but offset from each other vertically. Here, the common plane or the two offset planes are inclined to the horizontal plane at an acute angle β of, for example, 2° to 15°, particularly 3° to 10° (see, for example, [reference needed]). Figure 9 ).

[0082] In addition to the corresponding metering rollers 102; 102' and second rollers 103; 103', in an advantageous improvement, an additional roller 118; 118' of the type of calendering roller 118; 118' can also be provided here (see, for example, see...). Figure 8 and Figure 9 (All implementation schemes of the second group are shown in dashed lines).

[0083] In the above-described variations and embodiments, in the first configuration for roller support, the first laminating roller of the two laminating rollers 103 or the other roller of the first application unit of the two application units 101 that acts as a laminating roller can be fixedly supported by its axis of rotation R103 according to the operating position, but may also be adjustable if necessary. The second laminating roller of the laminating roller 103' or the other roller that acts as a second laminating roller is paired with the corresponding metering roller 102; 102' via a shared bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or a shared adjustment drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111' along a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding metering roller 106; 106'. Additionally, the corresponding metering roller 102; 102' is also positioned via the bearing mechanism and / or adjustment drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111' along a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding metering roller 103. The direction of the motion component of roller 103' or another roller is adjustable. In the case where there are one or more additional rollers between the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller used as a laminating roller, these are also adjustable along the direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding pressing roller 106; 106', for example, via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or a common adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111'.

[0084] In the first advantageous design, a position-based adjustment drive device 109; 109' is provided for adjusting the corresponding metering rollers 102; 102', in accordance with the above-described manner and / or the above-described design. For the second layer pressure roller 103' to be adjusted in pairs with the corresponding metering roller 102', a force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111' can be provided for force-based adjustment in accordance with the above-described manner and / or the above-described design.

[0085] However, in the second design, in the opposite manner, the metering rollers 102 and 102' can be adjusted based on force, while the roller pairs 103, 102, 103', and 102 can be adjusted based on position. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding scheme described above.

[0086] However, in the third design, the two rollers can be adjusted based on force, and in the fourth design, the two rollers can be adjusted based on position. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding schemes described above.

[0087] In the advantageous fifth design, in order to adjust at least the metering rollers 102; 102' and / or at least the oscillating roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 in the manner described above and / or in the design described above, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' is provided. This combined adjustment mechanism selectively achieves position-based adjustment of the roller pairs toward the laminating rollers 103'; 103, which act as the pressure rollers 103'; 103, by means of a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109', and force-based adjustment by means of a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111'.

[0088] In the following combination, for example Figure 17 and Figure 18 In the advantageous sixth embodiment described in detail, for adjusting the first gap 104' of the corresponding metering rollers 102'; 102', a position-based adjustment drive device 109' is provided according to the manner described above and / or the embodiments described above, and for adjusting the second gap 107 or adjusting the closing roller 103, a force-based adjustment drive device 111' for force-based adjustment according to the manner described above is provided, wherein the two metering rollers 102'; 102' and the closing roller 103' to be adjusted are adjusted individually, i.e., without being paired. In a particularly advantageous improvement of this embodiment, here, for at least adjusting the metering rollers 102'; 102' and / or for adjusting the second roller 107 or adjusting the closing roller 103', a combined adjustment mechanism 112'; 113' according to the manner described above and / or the embodiments described above is provided.

[0089] For all embodiments of the two sets of examples having jointly adjustable rollers 103'; 102'; 103; 102, these rollers can be supported on both sides in carriers 122'; 122, particularly in the side components of the base frame, which themselves are supported in the frame accommodating the application unit 101; 101' by a bearing mechanism formed by linear bearings.

[0090] Alternatively, two jointly adjustable rollers 102; 103; 102; 102' can be supported on both sides in a carrier, particularly in side components of the base frame, and the carrier itself can be pivotally supported about a pivot axis parallel to the first fixedly supported layer rollers 103; 103' (see, for example, [reference needed]). Figure 12 ).

[0091] As already mentioned, in the corresponding application unit 101; 101', at least one additional roller, which serves as a laminating roller and forms a lamination gap 107; 107' with the collapsing roller 106; 103', can be provided between the second roller 103; 103' and the counter-pressing portion of the collapsing roller 106; 103'.

[0092] In all embodiments of both sets of examples, in a particularly advantageous improvement, the respective application unit 101; 101' is provided with a removal device, particularly a cleaning blade 114; 114', which is selectively abutted and retracted toward the shell surface of the first roller 102; 102' for cleaning purposes, and is included, for example, by a material removal member 127; 127'. This removal device, for example, covers at least the width of the roller shell surface that is effective in film formation.

[0093] Alternatively or advantageously additionally, the material removal unit 127; 127', when viewed parallel to the axis of the second roller 103; 103' in the corresponding application unit 101; 101', includes, spaced apart from each other, two axis-parallel adjustable removal devices, particularly side-edge scrapers 116; 116', which remove the dry film conveyed by the second roller 103; 103' in the region of its side edges, and can, for example, be discharged into the collection device 117; 117'. This removal is used, for example, as so-called edge trimming to obtain straight edges and / or a desired width b003; b003' of the dry film. The collected amount can, for example, be returned to the conveying section of the powder mixture. This removal device can also be used to remove edge stripes 008; 008', which, for example, are used to determine the density of the material layer.

[0094] For cleaning purposes, a removal device 129; 129' that can be attached to and removed from the shell surface of the second roller 103; 103' can be advantageously provided, in particular a cleaning scraper, the removal device for example covering at least the width of the roller shell surface that is effective for film formation, and if necessary, a suction section or collection device (not shown) can be provided.

[0095] In order to convey or introduce the powder mixture into the first gap, the powder conveying device 700; 700' is configured to convey powdered material, wherein, in the region of the wedge-shaped portion above the gap, i.e. in the gap constructed between the shell surfaces of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', in the space that is particularly wedge-shaped or triangular in profile, a filling and / or storage space 126 is preferably constructed and / or provided, which has a width extending in the axial direction of the second roller 103; 103'.

[0096] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, in the application unit 101; 101', two boundaries 124, particularly side plates 124, are provided above the first slit 104; 104', spaced apart from each other parallel to the axis of the first roller 102; 102' and adjustable, for example, in the direction parallel to the axis. These boundaries seal the area of ​​the upper wedge-shaped portion formed between the shell surfaces of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' toward the two end faces of the application unit 101; 101', thereby forming a filling and / or storage space 126 therebetween, preferably of variable width, for accommodating the powder mixture. Depending on the desired width and / or position of the dry film, the filling and / or storage space 126 can thus be changed and / or modified in terms of the position of its lateral boundaries 124 on at least one side, preferably on both sides. As an alternative to the filling and / or storage space 126 directly defined by the shell surface in the lower region, at least in principle, without contradicting other design features of the application unit 101; 101' or the powder conveying device 700; 700', the filling and / or storage space 126 in the form of a filling or storage funnel may also be provided. For example, similar to the introduction aid mentioned below, which is located directly in or above the wedge.

[0097] For all the above-described embodiments, variations, constructions, implementations, or designs, the bearing mechanism and / or adjusting drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111' of the first roller 102; 102' is preferably designed such that the gap width of the first slit 104; 104' is adjusted according to the operating conditions to a variable net width at the narrowest point, which is at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, and particularly at least 50 μm, and / or the gap width of the first slit 104; 104' is adjustable at least by the aforementioned position-based drive mechanism 132; 132' and / or by a stop mechanism 119 that defines the abutment position on at least one side, toward the pressing part, and is adjustable in its position, i.e., for example, the aforementioned particularly adjustable or positionable stop 119.

[0098] Alternatively or additionally, the bearing mechanism and / or adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' are advantageously designed to adjust and / or apply, for example, a linear force between the rollers 102; 102'; 102; 103' that form the first slit 104; 104', at least in the region of its width which contributes to film formation, within the first slit 104; 104'.

[0099] As described above, in order to shift the metering rollers 102 and 102' toward the second rollers 103 and 103', for example in the above-described embodiments and / or in the manner described above, a combined adjustment mechanism 112, 113, 112, 113 may be provided. The combined adjustment mechanism selectively achieves position-based adjustment, for example in one operating mode, by means of a position-based adjustment drive 109 and 109', and, for example in a second operating mode, achieves force-based adjustment by means of a force-based adjustment drive 111 and 111'.

[0100] Regardless of all the above-described embodiments, variations, configurations, implementations, or designs, and regardless of the above-described embodiments of the coating apparatus having a separate application unit 101; 101' with corresponding pressure rollers 106; 106' or an application unit 101; 101' with a combination of interacting pressure rollers 103'; 103, in a particularly advantageous design, the dispensing gap between the first and second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' can be adjusted based on a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109', for example, position-positionable, position-controllable, or position-adjustable, as described above. This adjustment is based on the gap width, is controllable by, for example, a control chain, or is adjustable by, for example, an adjustment loop, i.e., a constant and / or defined gap width can be adjusted, for example, position-based adjustment for the two rollers 102; 103; 102' in their working positions. The defined and constant relative position or gap width b104 of 103', and / or the second roller 103; 103' and the lamination gap 107 between the pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103' are adjustable in the manner described above based on a force-based, for example force-controlled or adjustable adjustment drive device 111; 111', for example, in terms of adjustment force, controlled by, for example, a pressure regulating valve or a control section including such a pressure regulating valve, or adjustable by, for example, a control section including such a pressure regulating valve, i.e., adjusting to a constant and / or defined abutment or linear force, for example, controlled or adjustable, wherein the force-based adjustment is particularly for the defined and / or constant abutment or linear force between the two rollers in their working position. Just to clarify, it should be noted that the linear or abutting force acting between the two rollers involved at the second slit 107; 107 does not act directly, but rather by guiding the material through the slit, for example, by powdered material 004; 004' in the case of film-forming slits, and by a strip of product with a dry film on one or both sides in the case of lamination slits 107; 107'.

[0101] Without limiting the embodiments defined above, either of the two rollers involved at the relevant gap can, in principle, be adjusted and / or supported by the corresponding adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111' on the corresponding adjustment mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' as described above. This also applies to one of the rollers involved in the relevant gap being adjustablely supported together with the other roller not involved in the gap in the following manner.

[0102] Similarly, regardless of the above-described embodiments of the coating apparatus having separate application units 101; 101' with corresponding pressure rollers 106; 106, or application units 101; 101' with combinations of interacting pressure rollers 103'; 103, in embodiments particularly advantageous for optimal adjustability, the dispensing gap between the first and second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' of the same application unit 101; 101' and / or the lamination gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the cooperating pressure rollers 106; 106; 103'; 103, is based, for example, not only on position or force, but also on a combined adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; Based on 111', selectively, particularly in accordance with the above-described manner, based on position adjustability, for example, positionability related to the gap width, controllable by, for example, a control chain or adjustable by, for example, an adjustment loop, i.e., in one operating mode, a constant and / or defined relative position and / or a constant and / or defined gap width of the two rollers can be adjusted, for example, positionable, controllable, or adjustable; or in another operating mode, based on force adjustability, for example, controllable by, for example, a pressure regulating valve or a control section including such a pressure regulating valve, or, for example, an adjustable design of a control section including such a pressure regulating valve, i.e., in another operating mode, a defined and / or constant contact force or linear force can be adjusted, for example, controllable or adjustable. Specifically, one of the rollers involving the relevant gap is selectively supported, either positionally or force-basedly, in the combined adjustment mechanisms 112; 113; 112; 113, and / or the relevant gap can be selectively adjusted, as described above, to a constant and / or defined gap width or a constant and / or defined contact force or linear force, particularly controllable or adjustable. It can also be construed here as limiting the embodiments defined above, that in principle either of the two rollers involving the relevant gap is adjusted and / or correspondingly supported on the combined adjustment mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' in this manner via the corresponding combined adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111'. This also applies to rollers involving the relevant gap being adjusted and supported together with another roller not involving the gap in this manner.

[0103] In an advantageous embodiment, the combined adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' is formed by a force-based, particularly force-controllable or adjustable, adjustment drive 111; 111' having adjustment mechanisms 113; 113'; 112; 112', selectively inserting stops 119, for example, positionable by drive and / or adjustment mechanisms 145; 146, in the adjustment path of the adjustment mechanism. Here, the drive mechanism 133 is preferably provided with a cylinder-piston system 133 operable using a pressure medium, particularly hydraulically.

[0104] For adjustment, the first roller 102; 102' is adjustablely supported by a bearing mechanism and / or, for example, a position- or force-based or selectively position- or force-based adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding second roller 103; 103'. Additionally or alternatively, the pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103 are adjustablely supported by a bearing mechanism and / or, for example, a position- or force-based or selectively position- or force-based adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the second or an additional roller 103; 103' located therebetween.

[0105] Alternatively, the first roller 103; 103' and the corresponding second roller 102; 102' are movably supported in pairs in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding pressure roller 106; 106' via a common bearing mechanism and / or a common adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example, based on position or force or selectively based on position or force. Additionally, the corresponding first roller 102; 102' is adjustablely supported in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding second roller 103; 103' via a bearing mechanism and / or an adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example, based on position or force or selectively based on position or force.

[0106] For all the above implementation schemes, variations, constructions, implementation methods or designs, the first roller 102; 102' and the second rollers 103, 103' forming the first gap 104; 104' with the first roller are driven or driven independently of each other mechanically in a rotational manner according to the operating conditions.

[0107] Here, the first roller 102; 102' operates at a lower speed, wherein the first roller 102; 102', particularly the metering roller 102; 102', and the corresponding second roller 103; 103', particularly the laminating roller 103; 103', can be operated or can be operated according to the operating conditions, for example, at a ratio of V102(102'):V103(103') of the circumferential speeds of the first roller and the second roller 102, 102'; 103; 103', which is in the range of 1:5 to 3:5, particularly 1:4.

[0108] The rollers forming a second gap 107; 107' are preferably driven or can be driven independently of each other mechanically at the same circumferential speed by a common drive motor 148, particularly a servo motor, or preferably by different drive motors 148, particularly servo motors 148, depending on the operating conditions.

[0109] In an advantageous implementation, the mechanically independent drive motors 148; 149 can be operated by a drive controller via an electronic, in particular virtual, control panel.

[0110] One improvement is particularly advantageous, wherein the first roller 102; 102' has a surface that is more repellent to the material and / or has a less favorable adhesion effect in its shell surface region that facilitates film formation, compared to the second roller 103; 103' in its shell surface region that facilitates film formation.

[0111] At least the second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' may have polished and / or chrome-plated or ceramic-coated surfaces, at least in their shell-side regions that facilitate film formation. The first rollers 102; 102' may have surfaces with structured or repellent materials, at least in their side regions that facilitate film formation.

[0112] For all the above-described embodiments, variations, constructions, implementations or designs, the first and / or second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' can be temperature-controlled, in particular heated, preferably such that their shell surfaces can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, and preferably to at least 120°C, at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0113] Alternatively or preferably additionally, the rollers of the first set of embodiments that serve only as pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103; 103 can also be temperature-controlled, particularly heated, preferably in such a way that their shell surfaces can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, and preferably to at least 120°C, for example at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0114] Temperature regulation or heating can in principle be achieved electrically, but in this advantageous embodiment, it is achieved by allowing the temperature-regulating or heating fluid to flow through the roller to be regulated. Here, the roller to be regulated allows the temperature-regulating fluid, such as correspondingly regulated water, to be introduced into or out of the relevant roller via temperature regulation conduit 134 and, for example, by rotational guide.

[0115] For all the above-described embodiments, variations, constructions, implementations, or designs, the two application units 101; 101', together with one or more substrate guide elements 121 arranged directly in front, behind, or between, if necessary, are supported in a common or, if necessary, multi-piece frame 128, on the two end frame walls 131 of the same or, if necessary, multi-piece frame 128. In the case of a common frame 128 with multi-piece frame walls 131, a particularly rigid arrangement of the application units 101; 101' in a lamination unit designed as an assembly, such as a lamination assembly, is possible.

[0116] If, in the substrate path, for example, directly downstream of the laminating unit, a calendering unit 600; 600*, also referred to as calendering unit 600, 600* as described below, is provided, the rolls 601; 601'; 602; 602* surrounded by the calendering unit 600; 600* may, in an improved embodiment, be supported in the frame 603 or, in an advantageous variant, for example as a separate assembly 600; 600*, such as the calendering unit 600; 600*, supported in the sidewall of a separate frame 603 directly arranged on and / or above the frame 128 bearing the application unit 101; 101'.

[0117] In machines, for example, in Figure 15 and Figure 16 In the embodiment shown, the machine is constructed to be longer if necessary, but this reduces the risk of vibration transmission, for example, between units, particularly at least the laminating unit and the calendering unit 600; 600*, where the laminating assembly and the calendering assembly 600 therein are arranged horizontally side by side, preferably completely housed in separate, for example, vibration-technically separated, racks 128; 603. In response to Figure 3 , Figure 10 , Figure 15 and / or Figure 16 In variations not shown, the calendering assembly 600; 600* may also be omitted.

[0118] For example in Figure 15 and Figure 16The calendering assembly 600 shown; 600* or calendering additionally arranged downstream after the application of dry film is not mandatory, and may be completely omitted in another embodiment of the machine used for coating. In the latter case, calendering may be completely omitted or performed or performed in a separate process and / or in a separate, for example, second machine. Here, the second machine includes, for example, a substrate uncoiler on the input side, from which the web-shaped intermediate product 002 can be unwound and guided along the substrate path through at least one calendering unit 600 to the winding unit on the output side or via a cross-cutting device to the take-up device.

[0119] In principle, independent of, but advantageously combined with, one of the above embodiments, variations, constructions, implementations, or designs of the application unit 101; 101' and / or coating apparatus and / or machine construction, the frame 128 of the coating apparatus for coating is designed in a multi-piece configuration in a particularly advantageous embodiment (see, for example, see...). Figure 17 , Figure 18 , Figure 19 , Figure 20 and Figure 21In this case, in an advantageous embodiment, at least two adjacent rollers of the applying unit 101; 101', which together form lamination gaps 107; 107' and / or act as pressure rollers 103; 103'; 106, are supported on both sides in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of two different sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. The rollers, in terms of their relative positions, extend along an adjustment direction perpendicular to the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106; R106' of at least one of the two adjacent rollers, such that: on the shell surface of the rollers or the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106; The distance between R106' and / or the adhesion force between the shell surfaces of two adjacent rollers, for example by the carrier substrate 006 applied or coated on at least one side or by powdered material, can be varied or adjusted. Here, in a preferred variant, one of the two sub-racks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 is spatially fixed, for example, on the placement surface of the coating apparatus or in or above a higher-level rack structure 145, such as a base plate 145, and the other sub-rack of adjacent sub-racks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 is adjustable by a bearing mechanism within at least one adjustment range along the relevant adjustment direction. In another variant, one and the other sub-racks of adjacent sub-racks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are adjustable along the adjustment direction. Subframes 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, and 128.4 specifically include two frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, and 131.4, respectively, which are rigidly connected to each other by one or more transverse connectors, such as one or more crossbeams 136 and 137, although they can be separated if necessary. Therefore, the subframes 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, and 128.4, adjustable in the manner described above, can move as a whole together with the rollers or rollers that support them.

[0120] In the above embodiment of the application unit 101 which applies only to one side, i.e., having a first roller 102, such as a dispensing roller 102, a second roller 103, such as a laminating roller 103, and a compounding roller 106, in a first, but not shown, embodiment variant, for example, the first and second rollers 102 and 103 may be supported together in or on the frame wall 131.1 of the first sub-frame 128.1, and the compounding roller 106 may be supported in or on the frame wall 131.2 of the second sub-frame 128.2. For this purpose, for example, the first roller 102 is supported in or on the first sub-frame 128.1 by the aforementioned adjustment mechanism 109; 111 in a force-based manner, such as force-limited, force-controllable, or force-adjustable as described above, and / or position-based, such as position-positionable, position-controllable, or position-adjustable as described above, adjustable in terms of its contact force or its distance from the second roller 103 (wherein, the variant of "and" in the expression represents a combination of adjustment drives that are selectively adjustable based on force or position). In an alternative variant, for example, the second roller 102; 103 and the pressure roller 106 are supported in or on the frame wall 131.1 of the first sub-frame 128.1, and the first roller 102, such as the metering roller 102, is supported on the frame wall 131.3 of a separate sub-frame 128.3. For this purpose, for example, the pressure roller 106 in or on the first subframe 128.1 is adjusted by the aforementioned adjustment device 109; 111 based on force, such as force-limited, force-controllable or force-adjustable and / or based on position, such as positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable, spaced adjustablely from the second roller 103.

[0121] In the above embodiment of the application unit 101 used only for single-sided coating, the first, second, and combined pressure rollers 102; 103; 106 are supported in or on the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3 of their respective sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3. Here, for example, one of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3, preferably the sub-frame 128.2 carrying the second roller 103, is fixedly arranged relative to space or frame, while the other two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3 are movably supported relative to this sub-frame in the adjustment direction. For example, in Figure 18 In this embodiment, for example, the right sub-frame 128.4 with frame wall 131.4 and roller 102' is omitted, and roller 103' is designed as a pure pressure roller 106.

[0122] In the preferred embodiment of the application unit 101; 101' as a dual application unit 101; 101' for simultaneous application on both sides, and for example in Figures 8 to 12 and Figure 15 , Figure 16 as well as Figure 17 andFigure 18 In the embodiment shown, in a first variant (not shown), two pairs of rollers consisting of a metering roller and a laminating roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' can be supported in pairs in each of a subframe 128.1; 128.2, wherein the two subframes 128.1; 128.2 are positionally variable relative to each other such that the distance between the rotation axes R103; R103' of the two rollers 103; 103' that form the lamination gap 107 and / or the contact force acting indirectly or directly between the shell surfaces can be changed. Here, one of the subframes 128.1; 128.2 can be fixedly supported relative to space or the frame, while the other subframe 128.1; 128.2 is movably supported in the adjustment direction. The dispensing rollers 102 and 102' are supported, for example, in the corresponding subframes 128.1 and 128.2, by means of the aforementioned adjustment mechanisms 109 and 111, which are adjusted based on force, such as force-limited, force-controllable, or force-adjustable, and / or based on position, such as positionable, position-controllable, or position-adjustable, at an adjustable distance from the adjacent laminating rollers 103. In an alternative variation not shown, a pair of rollers 103, 103' forming the lamination gaps 107; 107' may be supported in a first common subframe 128.1, and two metering rollers 102; 102' may each be supported in their own subframes 128.3; 128.4, wherein the first subframe 128.2 is fixed, for example, relative to space or frame, and the other two subframes 128.3; 128.4 are movable relative to the first subframe 128.1 in such a way that the distance between the rotation axes R102; 103; 102'; 103' of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or the contact force acting indirectly or directly between the shell surfaces can be changed. Here, one of the laminating rollers 103; 103' can be supported at a distance from the other laminating roller 103 by means of the aforementioned adjustment mechanism 109; 111 based on force, such as force-limited, force-controllable or force-adjustable, and / or based on position, such as positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable.

[0123] However, in the preferred embodiment of the application unit 101; 101' as a dual application unit 101; 101' for simultaneous application on both sides, all four, or in the case of additional intermediate rollers, all rollers 102; 103, 102'; 103' are supported in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of their respective sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. Here, for example, one of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, preferably the second or the sub-frame 128.1 carrying the laminating roller 103, particularly the laminating roller 103 of the first application unit 101, is fixedly arranged relative to the space or frame, while the remaining sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are adjustablely supported along the axis of rotation R103; R103' of the laminating roller 103, preferably perpendicular to the axis of rotation R103; R103' of the laminating roller 103, particularly the axis of rotation of the laminating roller 103, which is fixedly supported relative to the space or frame, and / or along a horizontally extending adjustment direction.

[0124] Preferably, at least the roller 103 of the first application unit 101, which is upstream of the roller 103 involved in forming the second gap 107, and / or the first roller 102, which is associated with the material flow, is supported in or on a third subframe 128.3, which may be displaced along an adjustment direction perpendicular to the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106; R106' of the roller 103 involved in forming the second gap 107 of the first application unit 101. In the case of dual application units 101; 101', in an advantageous embodiment, additionally, the laminating roller 103' of the second application unit 101', which forms the second gap 107; 107' with respect to the material flow, particularly the first roller 102, is supported in or on a fourth subframe 128.4, which is movable along an adjustment direction extending at least perpendicular to the axis of rotation R103 of the roller 103 supported in or on the subframe 128.1 fixed relative to space or frame.

[0125] For all the above embodiments having movable subracks 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, these subracks are preferably movable on linear guides 112; 112', where, for each movable subrack 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, it may be provided with its own guide segment 138, such as a track 138, or for two or more adjacent movable subracks 128.2; 128.4, a continuous guide 138 or track 138 may be provided. Subracks 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 may have support feet 139 designed on the bottom side corresponding to the guide segment 138 or guide 138 and including, for example, sliding or rolling elements.

[0126] The rollers can, in principle, be supported in a torsion-resistant manner on the corresponding shafts in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of the respective subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, via corresponding bearings 151, or advantageously, for example, as in... Figures 17 to 21 Visibly supported by a journal on the end side in a bearing 151, particularly a radial bearing 151, which is arranged in or on the relevant frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4.

[0127] In this preferred embodiment, the subracks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, arranged adjacent to each other and movable relative to each other, can move toward each other in the adjustment direction on each rack side via at least one drive mechanism 132; 132'; 133; 133', particularly via at least one adjustment device 141 including drive mechanisms 132; 132'; 133; 133', and if necessary via other mechanisms for transmitting adjustment movement or adjustment force, preferably via two or at least two adjustment devices 141, particularly via traction devices 141 in the form of clamping devices 141, and can move away from each other or at least loosen again. Here, the traction device 141 can be designed to apply not only the aforementioned traction force, but also, if necessary, forces pointing in opposite directions and / or moving the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 away from each other, such as thrust acting between the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. Here, the mutually facing sides of adjacent and relatively movable subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are constructed such that adjacent rollers carried by the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, for example, with the stop mechanism 119 adjusted accordingly, move their working shell surfaces into a relative position desired for operation, wherein, if necessary, a desired gap width or a gap width adjusted based on the load.

[0128] In an advantageous embodiment of the application unit 101; 101' with a multi-piece subframe 128, at least one adjustment drive 109; 109' that adjusts, for example, changes, the position and / or contact force between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and includes a drive mechanism 132; 133 is designed in a position-based manner, for example, position-positionable, position-controllable, or position-adjustable, or in a particularly advantageous embodiment, can optionally operate in a position-based manner, for example, force-limited, force-controllable, or force-adjustable, or in a position-based manner, for example, position-positionable, position-controllable, or position-adjustable.

[0129] Here, for example, as a drive mechanism 133, there is a drive mechanism 133 that engages with the subframes 128.3; 128.4 carrying the first roller 102; 102' and the subframes 128.1; 128.2 carrying the second roller, and is based on a force-operable or operable, particularly force-controllable or force-adjustable, cylinder-piston system 133 that is pressure-fluidly, particularly hydraulically, loaded, and at least one stop mechanism 119 that operates between the subframes 128.3; 128.4 carrying the first roller 102; 102' and the subframes 128.1; 128.2 carrying the second roller, and is adjustable or controllable, if necessary, in terms of its stopping effect, for example, by adjusting and / or by the drive mechanism 146 and / or by adjusting the motor, said stop mechanism may be selectively and / or introduced into the adjustment stroke in a manner that more or less defines the stroke. In principle, any preferred adjustable stop mechanism 119 can be provided as the stop mechanism 119, by which the abutment movement between two related subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be defined and preferably adjusted in relation to the end position. This can be, for example, one or more stops 119 based on corresponding threads, which can be moved, in particular rotated, to the desired position manually or by means of a remotely operated adjustment and / or drive mechanism 146 via a transmission and / or by an adjustment motor. In this preferred embodiment, as the stop mechanism 119, a stop mechanism 119 based on a wedge-shaped transmission is provided, for example, as a wedge-shaped slat in opposite directions, which engages in pairs with opposite sides and has a thickness that varies in opposite directions. For adjustment, it is sufficient that, for example, one of the wedge slats is displaced or movable relative to the other slat in the longitudinal direction of the pair of slats by a suitable adjustment and / or drive mechanism 146, such as a motor-driven adjustment drive device 146 consisting of a screw driver, or a motor-driven rack. Using such a stop mechanism 119, very sensitive changes in the end position to be defined by the stop mechanism 119 can be achieved by utilizing the large gradient in length and thickness of the mating sides.

[0130] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one adjusting drive 109; 109' that realizes the variation and / or contact force between the two rollers forming the second roller gap 107; 107' and includes a drive mechanism 132; 133 is designed based on force, or in a particularly advantageous embodiment, optionally operable based on force or position. Here, for example, the drive mechanism 133 is a subframe 128.1; 128.2 that indirectly or directly engages the two rollers forming the second 107; 107' therebetween and is operated or operable based on force, particularly force-controlled or force-adjustable, a cylinder-piston system 133 that is particularly loadable by pressure fluid, preferably hydraulically, and at least one stop mechanism 119 that operates between the two subframes 128.1; 128.2 and is adjustable by adjusting and / or drive mechanism 146. The stop mechanism 119 may be designed in the manner described above or in a different manner, but its stopping effect shall be at least adjustable, for example, controllable or adjustable.

[0131] The drive mechanism 133 can be indirectly or directly engaged with two adjacent subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, either directly or indirectly, by means of: on the one hand, an actuating end of each of the drive mechanisms 132; 133, for example, a cylinder-piston system 132; 133 whose piston or piston rod 142 of the extended piston is loadable by pressure fluid, particularly hydraulically, and / or on the other hand, one end of the cylinder is directly connected to the corresponding subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. However, the connection can also be indirect, for example, through another mechanism for transmitting and adjusting motion and / or adjusting force, such as a single-piece or multi-piece transmission element that extends or prolongs the piston or piston rod 142 on one hand and / or, if necessary, the cylinder body on the other hand, capable of withstanding traction and / or pushing loads, for example, in the form of a pull rod and / or push rod. Here, the corresponding connection of the adjustment device 141, including the drive mechanism 133, or directly the drive mechanism 133 itself, for example, via the push plate and / or traction plate 143; 144 defines the engagement surface for the action of the drive mechanism 132; 133 in this sense. Preferably, viewed from the adjustment direction, the two acting ends of the adjustment device 141, or the drive mechanism 133 included therein, are connected to the corresponding subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 not only in a tensile manner but also in a compressive manner. This also achieves active separation from each other, in addition to proximity.

[0132] In a preferred embodiment, between each pair of subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, at least one adjusting device 141, including a drive mechanism 132; 133, and realizing relative adjustment movement and / or traction force adjustment between the two subframes 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, particularly the aforementioned traction device 141, for example in the form of a clamping device 141, engages the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in such a way that the adjusting device engages the two rollers 102; 103; 103'; 103' or adjacent subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; Forces directed toward each other between subframes 128.4 are applied to their relative positions or abutment degrees in relation to a predetermined gap width and / or abutment force, and, if necessary, against the direction of adjustment of the powdered material or coated carrier substrate 006, thereby maintaining a constant relative position and / or abutment force, except for different specifications regarding the relative position and / or abutment force to be maintained. That is, traction force can be introduced between subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 by, for example, a position- or force-based adjustable or controllable drive mechanism 132, which adjusts the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' to the desired gap width or desired abutment force, and, if necessary, against the opposing force caused by the material or holding them at such a force. Compared to applying pure thrust from the outside to one of the two rollers 102; 103; 103'; 103' or subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, the advantage is that the abutment force acts only on the relevant roller gap, and additionally and uncontrolledly, force is applied to adjacent, additional, such as second gaps 107; 107', observed in the adjustment direction, substantially through the squeezing of the other rollers by the second roller 103. At least one drive mechanism 132 or an adjustment device 141 including the drive mechanism 132 engages adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with its two active sides or actuating ends. In particular, in order to adjust the associated gaps between adjacent rollers 102; 103; 103'; 103', the adjustment device applies an adjustment force toward each other to these rollers or their subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, i.e., directing a traction force that causes movement and / or abutment between the two subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which provides the aforementioned advantages.

[0133] Therefore, in the solution proposed here, between two or more adjacent subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, one or more adjusting devices 141 with drive mechanisms 132; 133 engage the adjacent subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with their respective actuating ends, i.e., the ends of the drive mechanisms 132; 133 or the adjusting devices 141 that can be changed by being spaced apart from each other or by the traction force applied between them. For example, for adjustments based on position or force, the adjusting device introduces the traction force between the two adjacent subframes to achieve relative movement between the subframes and / or the contact force between the rollers, such that the adjusting device 141 or the drive mechanism 132; 133 moves the two rollers 102; 103; 103'; 103' or the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 To adjust the pulling of each other closer, for example, based on position or force.

[0134] According to Figures 17 to 21 In the implementation scheme, for adjusting the first and second gaps, a drive mechanism 133 is preferably provided that operates based on force, particularly force-controllable or force-adjustable, and / or a drive mechanism 133 designed to be loaded by a pressurized fluid, particularly hydraulically. This cylinder-piston system 133 is preferably constructed or designed to be able to load a force of at least 20 kN, preferably at least 50 kN, in the relevant roll gap. Preferably, at least two such cylinder-piston systems 133 are provided on each frame side, acting between two adjacent sub-frames, wherein, through the integrity of these systems, force or linear force can be applied, for example.

[0135] The rollers can, in principle, be torsionally supported by corresponding bearings 151 on corresponding shafts in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of the corresponding subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, or advantageously, for example, as in Figures 17 to 21As shown, the roller journal on the end side is rotatably supported in a bearing 151 designed as a radial bearing 151, wherein the bearing 151 is disposed or arranged in or on the relevant frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4. In both cases, viewed from the axial direction, the roller or its roller journal or shaft is effectively supported radially on the width b151 of the bearing 151, which is determined by one or more rows of bearing elements supporting the roller journal or shaft toward the relevant sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. Where the radial bearing 151 is rotatable, this can be one or more rows of rolling elements or sliding surfaces arranged circumferentially. Here, the effective support width b151 is generated by the distance between the two outer edges of a single row of bearing elements or two rows of outer bearing elements.

[0136] In an embodiment particularly advantageous, for example, regarding the minimization of deformation, on two or more adjacent subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, whose distance from each other and / or the abutment force between them can be varied, the adjusting device 141 engages one of the two subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with its two actuating ends, which are variablely spaced from each other, in such a way that a plane G extending from the axis of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103' supported on at least one of the two adjacent subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, particularly extending within the width of the frame wall, is at least connected to the plane G supported on the two subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; The roller in 128.4 intersects with the corresponding effective support width b151 viewed axially, and also with the mating surfaces of the corresponding subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 constructed in the region of the working end, for example, the pushing and / or traction plates 143; 144 supported on or fixed to the corresponding subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 at the end side of the adjusting device 141, particularly the entire working cross section, that is, the effective piston or cylinder interior cross section in the cylinder of the drive mechanism 133 formed by the cylinder-piston system 133. This ensures that the traction stress acts in the alignment of the support and avoids tilting in the bearing 151 caused by the traction stress.

[0137] In a preferred embodiment, for all embodiments of the application unit 101; 101' or dual application units 101; 101' described in conjunction with subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, wherein the rollers are arranged relative to each other at least in the operating position such that their axes of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103' intersect the same connecting straight line in at least one radial guideline.

[0138] For force-based drive mechanisms 133 or adjusting drive devices 133, the force applied by drive mechanism 133 is preferably adjustable, particularly controllable or adjustable. In the case of cylinder-piston systems 133 using pressurized fluids, such as compressed air or preferably pressurized fluids (e.g., oil under overpressure), the pressure of the pressurized fluid supplied by a pressure source is particularly adjustable, especially controllable or adjustable, at least within the adjustment range required for operation, for example via a pressure control valve or a pump that can be controlled or adjusted with respect to the pressure to be supplied on the output side.

[0139] In the case of a second roll gap 107; 107' based on force adjustment or controllable or adjustable, and a first roll gap 104; 104' based on position adjustment or adjustment, control or adjustment, at least the corresponding first roll 102; 102' or its subframe 131.3; 131.4, viewed in the adjustment direction within the production operation range, is not fixed in position, but at least within an adjustment range of at least ±5µm, and can be moved or freely supported. Thus, the first roll 102; 102' can move forward when the distance d104; d104' between the first and second rolls 102; 103; 102' fluctuates due to slight fluctuations in material density.

[0140] In principle, independent of, but in conjunction with, one of the above-described designs, variations, constructions, implementations, or improvements of the application unit 101; 101' and / or coating apparatus and / or machine construction and / or frame 128, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, at least the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' are generally, or in at least one operating condition, supported or supported at an angle to each other, i.e., non-parallel (see, for example, see...). Figure 22 (The principle). However, in this case, these axes of rotation preferably extend in two parallel planes.

[0141] If such bearings are generally installed without the possibility of change, then when bearing 151 is arranged in a single-piece or multi-piece frame 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, an inclined arrangement can already be considered.

[0142] However, the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' are preferably tilted toward each other, that is, they can be tilted from a parallel position to opposite or different tilt angles α. Here, for example, one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', especially the second roller 103, 103', is fixed in space according to the spatial orientation of its R102; R102', R103; R103', although the roller can move parallel in space without changing its inclination, while the other rollers of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', especially the first roller 102; 102', are tilted and supported at an angle relative to the orientation of its rotation axis R102; R102' relative to its rotation axis R102; 102'; 103; 103' in space and / or relative to the orientation of the rotation axis R103; R103'; R102; R102' of the other rollers 103; 103'; 102; 102', especially the second roller 103; 103'. The pivoting here preferably takes place around an actual or imaginary pivot axis, which, for example, lies in the plane of the rotation axis R102; R102'; R103; R103' of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or preferably extends perpendicularly to and intersects with the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'.

[0143] This tilting can, in principle, be directly achieved through a special design of the support portion accommodating the tiltable rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' within the frame 128. Thus, bearings 151, such as bearings including eccentric wheels, can be provided, for example, on at least one side, preferably on both sides, through which the radial position of the relevant rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' within the bearing 151 can be varied. Alternatively, radially movable bearings can be provided on one side or preferably on both sides of the frame 128, through which the movement of these bearings can radially change the relevant support portion.

[0144] Preferably, the first and second rollers 102, 103, 102, 103' of the same application unit 101, 101' are supported in or on different sub-frames 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, for example on the first and / or second application units 101, 101', according to embodiments of the multi-sub-frame 128 described above or below, wherein one of the two sub-frames 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, preferably the sub-frame 128.3, 128.4 carrying the first roller 102, 102', is generally, i.e., connected with the corresponding frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4, one or more crossbeams 136, 137, and the rollers 102, 103, 102' supported therein. Together, 103' extends about a pivot axis S that is perpendicular to its axis of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103' and intersects the roller at least over the maximum effective width of the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', which is pivotable (see, for example, see...). Figure 17 , Figure 18 , Figure 19 , Figure 21 and Figure 23 ).

[0145] In an advantageous embodiment, the pivotable subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are supported on at least two spaced-apart support portions 153 extending in a circumferential direction about the pivot axis S in an arc K, wherein the support portions are at a radius R S The inner part lies on the arc K extending about the pivot axis S and / or determining the position of the pivot axis S (see, for example, the arc K). Figure 23 The support portion 153 is formed, for example, by a sliding body or preferably a rolling element 153, such as a roller, arranged in two spaced bearing seats 147. The roller can rotate about an axis parallel to the pivot axis S. The radius R of the arc K. S For example, it is greater than half the entire maximum available width of the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' that pivot together with subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. This allows for a large adjustment stroke even with minimal tilt changes.

[0146] The bearing housing 147 is supported, for example, on a guide 138 extending perpendicularly to the rotation axes R102, R103, R102', R103' of the rollers 102, 103, 102', 103' carried by the pivotable subframes 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, and on this guide, together with the subframes 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4 supported thereon, can move in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axes R102, R103, R102', R103'.

[0147] In a preferred embodiment, the support portion 153 for supporting the pivotable subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 mates with a support surface 154 facing the support portion 153. The support portion 153 is arranged in the lower region of the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, particularly in the region at the lower end of at least one of the two associated frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4, and / or at least within the adjustment range of the pivoting movement viewed along the circumferential direction of the arc K, and has a surface supported on at least one support portion 153, the surface having a profile that is curved in an arc shape at least within the adjustment range. The radius of curvature preferably corresponds to the aforementioned radius R. S .

[0148] In principle, pivoting can be performed manually, but preferably, in particular, a remotely operable drive mechanism is preferred, through which the relevant subracks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be pivoted.

[0149] The pivot angle or tilt angle α is, for example, between 0.1° and 2.0°, particularly between 0.5° and 1.5°, and preferably 1.0°. The range of adjustment for pivoting can be, for example, from 0° to at least 1°, advantageously from 0° to at least 1.5°, or even from 0° to 2.0° or possibly a larger range.

[0150] The above description of the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which are pivotable about the pivot axis S, applies to all embodiments proposed for the segmented frames 128; 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, provided that: the simple subframes 128.1; 128.3 or the subframes 128.1; 128.3 or the two application units 101; 101' of the dual application units 101; 101', and the application units 101 or the subframes 128.1; 128.3; 128.2; 128.4, which are pivotable in the manner described above, are advantageously designed with the above-described mechanism.

[0151] Regardless of whether rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' pivot together with or without subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, the pivot axis S is preferably located in the plane of the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or at least perpendicular to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the pivotable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', extending advantageously perpendicular to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', and / or at least with the pivotable rollers 102; 103; The rotation axes R102, R103, R102', and R103' of rollers 102' and 103' intersect, advantageously intersecting, with the rotation axes R102, R103, R102', and R103' of the first and second rollers 102' and 103'. The pivot axis S of the pivotable rollers 102', 102', 103' advantageously intersects, and advantageously intersects, the rotation axes R102, R103, and R102', and R103' of the pivotable rollers 102', 103', and 103'. The first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', with R103', preferably intersect the center interval in the intermediate region, i.e., at most 15% of the usable length, or particularly at the center level of the maximum usable roller width. In the preferred embodiment shown, the pivoting movement of the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' occurs in a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis S, during which the plane does not move in the direction of the pivot axis and / or the pivot axis does not change its position in space. This allows pivoting to be performed independently of contact and separation, and vice versa.

[0152] In a preferred embodiment, for all the combined subframes 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, and 128.4 described for the application unit 101; 101' or the dual application unit 101; 101', the rollers are arranged relative to each other, at least in the operating position, such that the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106 of these rollers intersect the same connecting line, which here extends horizontally, in at least one radial guideline along the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R106. In the case of one or more inclined rollers, this connecting line coincides, for example, with the corresponding pivot axis S. In the case where the rollers are not inclined, the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103'; R106 are advantageously arranged parallel, for example, as explained in the embodiments described above, and even lie in the same plane, which here extends horizontally.

[0153] For all the above-described embodiments, variations, configurations, implementations, or designs, the adjustment drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111' of at least the second slit 107; 107' and / or the bearing mechanism surrounding it are preferably designed to form a slit width of at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, and particularly at least 50 μm at the narrowest point, depending on the operating conditions, and / or particularly at least within the boundary defined by the maximum adjustment path, forming a slit width that is adjusted between the two rollers via the product strip to be formed and / or by the pressing force or linear force caused by at least one adjustment mechanism 112; 112' and / or at least one adjustment drive device 109; 109', and / or at least in the second slit 107; 107', at least in the area of ​​its width that facilitates film formation and / or film application, in forming the second slit 107; Adjusting and / or applying a linear force, for example, at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, preferably between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm, between the 107' rollers, and / or keeping the desired linear force constant even if the dry film thickness fluctuates, is achieved, for example, by autonomous or regulated tracking of at least one of the two rollers. Here, in contrast to tracking regulated via an adjustment loop, autonomous tracking is performed, for example, by a force-adjustable, particularly force-controllable or force-tunable drive mechanism or the force applied by it itself, without the need for post-adjustment via an additional adjustment loop.

[0154] In all the above-described designs, variations, constructions, implementations, or designs, in a particularly advantageous improvement, a suction section 123 is provided above one or more application units 101; 101', through which escaped gas or generated vapor can be suctioned out if necessary.

[0155] The rollers of the aforementioned application units 101 and 101' are preferably designed with a width in the range of 400 mm to 800 mm, particularly 500 mm to 700 mm, that can be used for film formation and / or application.

[0156] A machine for manufacturing multi-layered products, particularly in online processes (see e.g.) Figure 3 , Figure 10 , Figure 15 or Figure 16 The carrier substrate 006 has a dry film formed from the powder mixture on at least one side, preferably comprising: a substrate conveying section 200 through which the carrier substrate 006 can be conveyed to the machine on the input side; a first substrate path segment 300 through which the carrier substrate 006 is conveyed to the application stage for applying a dry film on at least one side of the carrier substrate 006; and a second substrate path segment 400 through which the carrier substrate 006 having a dry film 003 on at least one side of the carrier substrate 006 can be conveyed to a product receiving section 500 through which products can be assembled into a product assembly, such as a roll or stack.

[0157] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the application phase is implemented in the above-described embodiments, designs, configurations, implementation methods, or variations of the apparatus 100; 100*. (Alternatively) Figure 3 The application phase, as illustrated by example, can employ all implementations, modifications, configurations, embodiments, or variations of the first group of examples, and can be replaced by... Figure 10 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 The application phase shown employs all implementation schemes from the second group. In the machine's... Figure 15 and Figure 16 In the illustrated embodiment, alternative implementations, designs, configurations, methods, or variations for the first group of application phases may also be used, i.e., having separate application devices 101; 101'

[0158] In an advantageous embodiment, the substrate conveying section 200 is formed by a substrate unwinder, particularly a roll changer, preferably a roll changer comprising multiple roller positions and / or suitable for uninterrupted roll changing. Advantageously, it may be a substrate guide element 202 designed as a motor-driven roller 202, particularly a traction roller 202, and / or a substrate guide element 203, for example in the form of a tie rod, which is, for example, an oscillating roller 203 that is elastically biased or forcefully deflected transversely to the substrate path by the rod or guide.

[0159] The carrier substrate web is unwound on the substrate uncoiler and is conveyed at the input side to the substrate path that guides it through the machine from the unwound position.

[0160] In the case of the traction roller 202 included in and structurally assigned to the substrate uncoiler (see example). Figure 3 or Figure 10 In the middle, the traction roller may be included by a traction mechanism 207, particularly a pull-in mechanism 207, which, for example, includes a traction roller 202 in addition to the traction roller 202, particularly a drive mechanism that is independently driven from other traction rollers and can be adjusted and / or controlled in terms of speed, particularly a drive motor, for example in the form of a servo motor, and / or a pressure roller that can be adjusted toward the traction roller 202 to produce increased friction. The roller 202 or drive mechanism may also be operated in a generator-like manner or inhibit the forward movement of the carrier substrate web, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing before and after the roller 202, so as to establish or maintain a defined and / or desired web tension, for example in the next substrate path segment 300 and, for example, extending to the next clamping or web pulling section, or in a portion of the substrate path segment 300 formed by subsequent substrate path segments.

[0161] For example, in the substrate path structurally assigned to the roll changer or already assigned to the first substrate path segment 300, a substrate guide element 208 307 can be constructed in the substrate path; 307 serves as a measuring roller 208, such as a web tension measuring roller 208; 307 (as an example of all embodiments, for example in...) Figure 16 (As shown in the figure) The measuring roller, for example, web tension or at least a parameter representing web tension, can be used to adjust the web tension, for example, by means of the conveying speed of the individual units or one or more, particularly motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502.

[0162] The substrate conveying section 200, designed as a roll changer, advantageously includes a roll drive that is mechanically independent of the rest of the machine and / or driven by a single motor and / or lifting device to assist in the roll loading and / or roll unloading process.

[0163] In an advantageous embodiment, a device 204 for lateral web edge control may also be provided in the substrate path section of the substrate conveying section 200 and / or in the subsequent first substrate path 300 (as an example in all embodiments, for example in...). Figure 15 (As shown in the diagram) In particular, there are sensor components for detecting the edge of the web, and adjustment components for realizing the lateral displacement of the carrier substrate, for example, which can be arranged around a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction T. S A pair of rotating rods that pivot along an extended axis. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the web edge controller 204 is combined with an adhesive device 206, such as an adhesive table 206.

[0164] Alternatively or additionally, in an advantageous embodiment, a distributing device, particularly a single or multiple web guide elements having a convex shell surface, is provided in the substrate path section of the substrate transport section 200 and / or in the first substrate path 300.

[0165] In an advantageous improvement, a single-piece or multi-piece pretreatment station 302, particularly a cleaning and / or deionization station 302, is provided in the first substrate path 300, through which surface impurities, such as dust or cutting residues and / or charge carriers, are removed or can be removed from the carrier substrate 006 on one or both sides in a non-contact or contact manner.

[0166] In the first substrate path 300, particularly in the clean downstream section where necessary, a measuring station 303 is advantageously provided, in particular having a sound- or radiation-based measuring device 303, by which the material thickness of the carrier substrate 006 is checked in terms of its thickness and / or thickness uniformity and / or impurity condition, and, for example, if there is an unacceptable deviation from the target specification, optical and / or audible warning signals and / or error signals are transmitted to the machine controller and / or control center.

[0167] For all embodiments of the machine, in advantageous embodiments, a substrate guide element 208 may be provided in the substrate path segment structurally corresponding to the roll changer and / or in the substrate path segment following the first substrate path 300; 307 as measuring roller 307 (as an example in all embodiments, as shown in...). Figure 15 and Figure 16 In the middle section, the web tension can be determined, for example, by means of the substrate guiding element, so that the conveying speed of the web guiding element 202; 308; 401; 502, which is forcibly driven by the individual units or one or more, particularly motors, is used to adjust the web tension. Here, only one of the two measuring rollers 208; 307 may be provided, or advantageously both measuring rollers 208; 307 may be provided. In the latter case, for example, the downstream measuring roller 307 is used to determine and / or adjust the web tension in the substrate path segment before the first or only application site.

[0168] In an advantageous improvement, a pretreatment station 304, designed as an application station 304, is provided in the first substrate path 300, through which adhesive and / or primer can be applied to the carrier substrate 006 on one or both sides. In this case, a dryer (not shown), such as a hot air or radiation dryer, can preferably be provided directly downstream of the application station 304.

[0169] In a particularly preferred embodiment, observed in principle alone, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more other embodiments of the machine, a thermal pretreatment station 306, particularly a temperature control station 306, such as an infrared radiation source 306, is provided directly in the substrate path prior to the application stage, i.e., downstream of the final substrate guide element 301; 307 that mates with the carrier substrate web. This pretreatment station can heat the carrier substrate 006 to above ambient temperature, particularly to over 60°C, preferably to at least 80°C. This can be particularly advantageous, for example, for activating bonding aids or agents applied to the carrier substrate 006. Independent of this in principle, but advantageously in conjunction with such a temperature control station 306, a sensor 311 can be used to determine the temperature of the carrier substrate web, for example, a temperature sensor 311, particularly a non-contact and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311. For example, the sensor 311, as a temperature sensor 311, can be used together with the temperature control station 306, if necessary, as part of a regulating loop for regulating the temperature of the carrier substrate web.

[0170] Instead of the traction roller 202 or traction mechanism 207, which can be considered as a substrate unwinder, or additionally if necessary, the traction roller 308 or traction mechanism 309 may be provided after the substrate unwinder and / or at the first or only dry film application point, i.e., the substrate path segment 300 guiding to the first or only lamination gap 107; 107'. In the case where there is only one traction roller 202; 308 or only one traction mechanism 207; 309 in the substrate path between the unwinding portion on the roll 201 and the entrance to the first or only lamination gap 107; 107', such a traction roller 202; 308 or such a traction mechanism 207; 309 can, in principle, structurally correspond on the input side to the substrate path segment 300 extending between the substrate unwinder, particularly the unwinding portion, and the application stage, particularly the first or only application point, or structurally also well correspond on the input side to or may correspond to the application stage. Importantly, at the first application point, i.e., before the first or only lamination seam 107; 107', in the substrate path, there are traction rollers 202; 308 or traction mechanisms 207; 309 arranged to establish or maintain a defined and / or desired web tension, for example, in subsequent substrate path segments or in portions of a partial substrate path segment formed by the next substrate path segment. Corresponding to the traction mechanism 207 described above, the traction mechanism, for example, in addition to the traction roller 308, has a drive mechanism that drives the traction roller 308 particularly independently of other traction rollers and can be adjusted and / or controlled in terms of speed, for example in the form of a servo drive motor, and / or pressure rollers that can be directed toward the traction roller 308 to increase friction. Here, the roller 308 or drive mechanism can also operate or be operated in a generator-like manner or suppress the propulsion of the carrier substrate web, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing before and after the roller 308, so as to establish or maintain a defined and / or desired web tension, for example, in the substrate path segment that is behind and extends to the next clamping or web pulling part, or in the portion of the substrate path segment formed by the subsequent substrate path segment.

[0171] In an advantageous embodiment, the aforementioned calendering unit 600, or calendering unit 600 having two rollers 601; 602 forming a gap therebetween, such as a calendering gap, is provided in the second substrate path 400, particularly the calendering rollers 601; 602. This has the advantage, for example, that if the desired density is not achieved during the dry film application process, a final product with the desired density or an intermediate product 002 that only requires cutting can still be produced in the active material layer.

[0172] In alternative embodiments, mentioned above but not illustrated herein, advantages include, for example, process independence and optimization, and consequently, quality and / or lower fault sensitivity. For instance, in an apparatus or system with multiple machines, the first machine mentioned above is used to coat a dry film formed from powdered materials 004; 004' onto a carrier substrate 006, particularly the aforementioned carrier substrate web. This machine preferably includes, in the substrate path, a coating device according to one of the advantageous embodiments described above, and a separate second machine for compacting the dry film by at least one calendering unit 600; 600* disposed in the substrate path of the second machine. Although these machines can in principle be located in different places, they are preferably, for example, within the same plant, in an apparatus or machine structure for producing multilayer products, for manufacturing multilayer products having a dry film applied to the carrier substrate, particularly for producing electrode bundles or electrode units 001. In this case, a roll 501 of the primary product, for example using a product strip that has not been further compacted, is formed on the output side of a machine for coating in a product receiving section 500 specifically designed as a product winding machine 500. The roll 501 is then, or at a later point, supplied on the input side to a second machine, specifically to an uncoiler provided on the input side of that machine. The product strip composed of the primary product is then unwound, guided through calendering units 600; 600' arranged in the substrate path, and wound on the output side as a fully compacted product strip to form the product roll 501, or, if necessary, sent out after a cross-cut downstream of the calendering unit 600.

[0173] Whether the calendering process described above is carried out online in the same machine on which the dry film is applied to the carrier substrate 006, or separately from the application process in a second machine having calendering units 600; 600*, the calendering units 600; 600* include two rollers 601; 601*; 602; 602*, such as calendering rollers 601; 601*; 602; 602*, wherein, for example, at least one, preferably two, calendering rollers can be heated, in particular, such that their shell surfaces are heated, for example, at an ambient temperature of 25°C, to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C, and / or therebetween can be applied a pressure having a linear force that is preferably adjustable to at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, particularly at least 1000 N / mm, preferably up to at least 2000 N / mm, or preferably between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm. A strip of product coated on at least one side can pass through the calendering slit to further compact the dry film using pressing force and / or a temperature above ambient temperature. Calendering rolls 601; 601*; 602; 602* have a diameter of, for example, at least 400 mm, particularly at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm, and / or a usable width of, for example, at least 400 mm, particularly at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm. For the production of the aforementioned products, a maximum concentricity deviation of ±2 m, preferably ±1 mm, for each roll 601; 601*; 602; 602* is particularly advantageous.

[0174] In principle independent of one or more other implementations of the machine, but advantageously combined with them, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, in the second substrate path 400 after the application stage, if a calendering unit 600 is provided where necessary, a cooling device 402 is provided downstream of it, having one or more partially wrapped temperature-controlled cooling rollers 402.1; 402.2, through which the product strip guided through can be cooled, for example, by at least 20°C, particularly at least 50°C.

[0175] In principle, independent of one or more other implementation variations of the machine but advantageously combined with them, in an advantageous improvement, an inspection device 403; 403.1; 403.2, particularly based on optical and / or acoustic measurements, is present in the second substrate path 400. This device, for example, has a sensor 403.1 pointing to one side and a sensor 403.2 pointing to the other side, used to inspect the product surface for errors or defects, for example, to check the integrity of the surface and / or thickness of the applied dry film. The inspection devices 403; 403.1, 403.2 can, for example, be as follows: Figure 15 The substrate path shown is located downstream of the calendering unit 600, or for example, as... Figure 16As shown, it can be located downstream of the application stage but upstream of the calendering unit 600 in the substrate path. In the first case, errors caused by calendering can be detected, while in the second case, errors caused during the application stage can be identified as early as possible. The inspection device 403 can preferably have a camera, such as a line scan camera, as a sensor 403.1; 403.2 on each side, which captures or optically scans the corresponding surface and assesses the location of errors or defects by a downstream evaluation mechanism.

[0176] In principle, independent of one or more other implementation variations of the machine but advantageously combined with, particularly with, inspection devices 403; 403.1; 403.2 disposed in the substrate path, in an advantageous improvement, means for defect marking 412 is provided, which may be, for example, by a printing device, such as an inkjet printhead or an insertion device, the latter being, for example, a physical marking mechanism, such as a plurality of so-called marking flags or marking labels, which may be applied or disposed on the carrier substrate web.

[0177] In all embodiments of the machine, in an advantageous implementation, at least one substrate guide element 409 may be designed as a measuring roller 409 in the second substrate path 400, by which the web tension can be determined, for example, for use in adjusting the web tension, for example, by the relative conveying speed of the various assemblies or one or more, particularly motor-driven, web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502. Preferably, at least one substrate guide element 409 is designed as a measuring roller 409 in the substrate path section of the second substrate path segment 400 after the application stage, particularly the last or only application position, and preferably particularly before the calendering unit 600, which is necessary to be set in the second substrate path segment 400, particularly before the position where calendering may occur. Alternatively or additionally, the substrate guide element 507 structurally assigned to the product winder 500 may be designed as a measuring roller 507 arranged in the substrate path after the calendering unit 600.

[0178] To ensure optimal passage of the substrate through the application stage, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guiding element 401, designed to be forcibly driven by a motor, is provided in the second substrate path 400, preferably directly after the application stage but before the calendering unit 600 if necessary. This substrate guiding element may be included in a traction mechanism 411, for example, in addition to the traction roller 401 itself, the traction mechanism having a drive mechanism that drives the traction roller 401 particularly independently of other traction rollers and whose speed can be adjusted and / or controlled, for example in the form of a servo-driven motor, and / or having pressure rollers that can abut against the traction roller 401 to increase friction. Here, the roller 401 or drive mechanism, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing before and after the roller 401, can in principle also operate as a generator or in a manner that inhibits the feed of the carrier substrate web, but here it is used to construct and / or maintain the web tension in the upstream substrate path segment, i.e., by a motor, i.e., along the conveying direction T. S The conveyor substrate web may be operated or run ahead of schedule at a speed relative to, for example, the speed of the stretch roll 202; 301 immediately upstream and / or the circumferential speed of the last or only laminating roll 107; 107' or the pair of laminating rolls 107; 107'.

[0179] Alternatively or additionally, in a preferred embodiment, a web tension compensation and / or adjustment device 406 (e.g., in the second substrate path 400, downstream of the application stage, and if necessary, between the application stage and the calendering unit 600 provided in an advantageous embodiment) exists. Figure 15 (Examples are shown for all embodiments), for example, having an oscillating roller 407 that is elastically pre-tensioned or deflected by force, for example, on a rod or guide spring transverse to the substrate path. By means of the oscillating roller, fluctuations in web tension, for example, can be compensated, and / or particularly by means of the swinging out of the oscillating roller 407, the conveying speed of the front or rear assembly or one or more web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502, particularly driven by a motor, can be adjusted.

[0180] For all the designs and variations of the machine mentioned here, the following implementation is particularly advantageous, wherein, in the case of calendering units 600; 600 arranged in the substrate path after the application stage, after the single or last calendering unit 600; 600*, and before the product assembly 501 is formed in the product receiving section, a measuring station 408 is provided for determining the product strip thickness, particularly the total thickness (e.g., in...). Figure 15 and Figure 16 (As an example of all implementation schemes).

[0181] In place of or supplementing the aforementioned cooling device 402 in the second substrate path segment 400, such or additional cooling devices 402; 504 may also be provided in the substrate path segment considered as the product receiving portion 500 or on its frame. Such a cooling device 504 may, for example, be formed by a substrate guide element 504 designed as a cooling roller 504. Alternatively, such a cooling device 504, considered as the second substrate path segment 400 or structurally considered as the product receiving portion 500, may also be formed by one or more temperature-controlled cooling rollers 504.1; 504.2 that are partially wound sequentially around each other.

[0182] In the improved design, a sensor 508 may be provided, for example, downstream of the cooling device 504, for determining the temperature of the product, particularly the product strip, in the substrate path downstream of the calendering unit 600, but no later than before the take-up device, such as before winding in the product winding machine 500. The sensor 508 may be designed, for example, as a temperature sensor 508, particularly as a non-contact and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311, and / or may be incorporated into the cooling device 504 as part of a regulating loop for temperature control.

[0183] In an advantageous implementation, the product receiving section 500 is designed as a product winding device 500, and in particular a winding changer 500.

[0184] Preferably, the product winding machine 500 is suitable for uninterrupted roll changing and / or includes substrate guide elements 502 and / or substrate guide elements 503 designed as one of the motor-driven traction rollers 502, in the form of, for example, oscillating rollers 503 that are elastically biased or deflected by force transversely to the substrate path on a rod or guide.

[0185] To ensure optimal substrate operation between the calendering unit 600, which is provided when necessary, and the winding section on the product winding machine 500, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guiding element 401; 502, which is a motor-driven traction roller 401; 502, is provided in the substrate path 400 or in a substrate path section that can be considered as the product winding machine 500. This substrate guiding element can be included in a traction mechanism 411; 506, which, in addition to the traction roller 401; 502, also has a drive mechanism that drives the traction roller 401; 502 particularly independently of other traction rollers and can be adjusted and / or controlled in terms of speed drive, for example in the form of a servo-driven motor, and / or has pressure rollers that can abut against the traction roller 401; 502 to increase friction.

[0186] In embodiments, such as those including calendering unit 600, particularly advantageous for stable and low-interference continuous online operation, at least one forced-drive traction roller 202; 308; 401; 502 and / or at least one measuring roller 208; 307; 409 are provided for determining the web tension in a first substrate path section located between the unwinding position on the substrate roll 201 in the substrate uncoiler and the entrance to the single or first lamination gap 107; 107' into the application stage, at the exit position located where the carrier substrate web, which is then provided with dry film on at least one side, emerges from the single or downstream final lamination gap 107; 107' of the application stage, and in a second substrate path section located between the entrances to the calender gap between the two calendering rolls 601; 602, for embodiments with calendering unit 600; 600*. In an advantageous improvement to the design with calendering unit 600; 600*, a forced-drive traction roller 502 and / or measuring roller 409; 507 are provided in a third substrate path section between the exit position where the carrier substrate web with dry film on at least one side exits from the calendering gap and the position where it is wound onto the product roll 501 in the product winding machine 500, for determining the web tension.

[0187] Preferably, a web tension adjustment device (not shown here) is provided, which is connected on the input side to each of the measuring rollers 208; 307; 409 disposed in the first and second substrate path sections, and on the output side to the drive controller of a control roller drive device of each of the traction rollers 202; 308; 401 disposed in the first and second substrate path sections. The web tension adjustment device has, in particular, a data processing and / or electronic switching mechanism configured to establish and / or maintain a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference between the two substrate path extensions in each of the two substrate path extensions by appropriate control of the drives of one or more traction rollers 202; 308; 401. In the improved embodiment, the web tension adjustment device can also be connected on the input side to the measuring roller 409; 507 disposed in the aforementioned third substrate path section, and on the output side to the drive controller of the control-related traction roller 502 disposed in the aforementioned third substrate path section, and can thereby adjust, for example, with respect to a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference with respect to the upstream substrate path section.

[0188] Quite common, especially for embodiments of the machine that do not have a calendering unit downstream of the application stage, the content described above regarding the stretching rollers 202; 308; 401; 502 and measuring rollers 208; 307; 409, signal connections, and web tension adjustment devices can be adapted or used in embodiments where at least one measuring roller and / or at least one traction roller 208; 307; 202; 308 is present in the first substrate path between the unwinding section and the first application point of the application stage, and at least one traction roller 409; 507; 401; 502 is present in the substrate path section between the only or last point of dry film application and the winding section in the winding machine 500.

[0189] The fluctuations in roll paper tension can be compensated or adjusted by means of the aforementioned oscillating rollers 203; 407; 503 and the adjustment circuit including the oscillating rollers and, for example, incorporated into the aforementioned roll paper tension adjustment device. The conveying speed of the assembly or one or more, particularly motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502, such as the substrate unwinder arranged in the front or the winding machine 500 arranged in the rear, or the drive of the traction rollers 202; 308; 401; 502 arranged in the front or rear, can be adjusted, particularly by the swinging of the oscillating roller 407. The oscillating roller is elastically biased laterally to the substrate path, for example on the guide or on the rod, particularly by force pneumatic or elastic biasing opposite to the direction of action of the web tension of the substrate web or product strip wrapped around the roller.

[0190] The aforementioned traction rollers 203; 308; 401; 502 include, for example, a speed-adjustable and / or controllable drive motor, particularly a servo motor, and / or cooperate with one or more pressing elements, such as pressure rollers, to improve conveying performance, and / or, depending on their position in the substrate path, for example, to generate or maintain upstream web tension, operate by means of a motor or, for example, to generate or maintain downstream web tension, i.e., with a braking effect, and / or are included by an adjustment circuit, for example, as an adjustment element, that adjusts the web tension and is incorporated into the aforementioned web tension adjustment device.

[0191] As an alternative to designing the machine to have a product receiving section 500 designed as a winding machine 500, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, a cross-cutting device can be provided in the second substrate path 400 or at the entrance of the product receiving section 500, by which the product strips manufactured in the machine can be cross-cut into product segments. Here, the product receiving section 500 is designed, for example, as a stacking cantilever, and in particular, as a multi-stacking cantilever that feeds multiple stacks sequentially to each other.

[0192] In the aforementioned machine and / or apparatus 100; 100*, for example, a web-shaped carrier substrate 006 is continuously and preferably provided on both sides with a dry film with a width smaller than the width of the carrier substrate, such that the carrier substrate retains uncoated edges on both sides.

[0193] List of reference numerals

[0194] 001 Product, final product, product segment, electrode unit, electrode

[0195] 002 Product, Intermediate Product, Product Strip, Electrode Strip

[0196] 003 Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free)

[0197] 003' Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free)

[0198] 004 Powdered materials, powder mixtures (especially dry ones)

[0199] 004' Powdered materials, powder mixtures (especially dry ones)

[0200] 005-

[0201] 006 Carrier substrate in the form of a web, carrier substrate web, current conductor substrate, current conductor film

[0202] 007 The medium, primer, adhesive, or bonding agent that assists or enables the connection.

[0203] 007' A medium, primer, adhesive, or bonding agent that assists or enables the connection.

[0204] 008 components, material strips, edge strips

[0205] 100 Apparatus for coating, coating apparatus, application stage, assembly, lamination assembly, lamination unit

[0206] 100* Apparatus for coating, coating apparatus, application stage, assembly, lamination assembly, lamination unit

[0207] 101 First Application Unit

[0208] 101' Second Application Unit

[0209] 102 First Roller, Measuring Roller

[0210] 102' First Roller, Measuring Roller

[0211] 103 Second Roller, Laminating Roller, Combining Roller

[0212] 103' Second roll, laminating roll, and final pressing roll

[0213] 104 First gap, film-forming gap, dispensing gap, roller gap, counter-pressure section

[0214] 104' First gap, film-forming gap, dispensing gap, roller gap, counter-pressure section

[0215] 105-

[0216] 106 rolls, combined pressure rolls

[0217] 106' roller, pressure roller

[0218] 107 Second gap, application gap, lamination gap

[0219] 107' Second gap, application gap, lamination gap

[0220] 108-

[0221] 109 Position-based adjustment drive device, adjusting component

[0222] 109' Position-based adjustment drive and adjusting element

[0223] 110-

[0224] 111 Force-based adjustment drive device, adjusting component

[0225] 111' Force-based adjustment drive device, adjusting component

[0226] 112 Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing

[0227] 112' Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing

[0228] 113 Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing, linear bearing

[0229] 113' Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing, linear bearing

[0230] 114 Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0231] 114' Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0232] 115-

[0233] 116 Removal device, scraper, side scraper

[0234] 116' Removal device, scraper, side scraper

[0235] 117 Collection device, collection tank

[0236] 117' Collection device, collection tank

[0237] 118 Other rolls, calendering rolls

[0238] 118' Other rolls, calendering rolls

[0239] 119-

[0240] 120-

[0241] 121 Substrate guiding elements, guide rollers, deflection rollers

[0242] 122 Carrier, side components (base frame)

[0243] 122' Carrier, Side Components (Base Frame)

[0244] 123 Suction Section

[0245] 123' Suction Section

[0246] 124 boundary, side shield

[0247] 125-

[0248] 126 fill and / or storage space

[0249] 127 Material Removal Section

[0250] 127' Material Removal Section

[0251] 128 racks (application phase)

[0252] 128.1 First Subrack

[0253] 128.2 Second Subrack

[0254] 128.3 Third Subrack

[0255] 128.4 Fourth Subrack

[0256] 129 Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0257] 129' Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0258] 130-

[0259] 131 rack wall

[0260] 131.1 Frame Wall

[0261] 131.2 Frame Wall

[0262] 131.3 Frame Wall

[0263] 131.4 Frame Wall

[0264] 132 Path-based drive mechanisms, position-controllable and / or adjustable motors

[0265] 132' Path-based drive mechanism, position-controllable and / or adjustable motor

[0266] 133 Force-based drive mechanisms, cylinder-piston systems, and torque-controlled and / or adjustable motors

[0267] 133' Force-based drive mechanism, cylinder-piston system, torque-controllable and / or adjustable motor

[0268] 134 Temperature-Controlled Fluid Piping

[0269] 135-

[0270] 136 crossbeams and base plates

[0271] 137 crossbeams, transverse supports

[0272] 138 guide rail segments, rail components, guide components, rails

[0273] 139 load capacity

[0274] 140-

[0275] 141 Adjustment device, traction device, tensioning device

[0276] 142 piston rod

[0277] 143 Push and / or pull plate

[0278] 144 Push and / or pull plates

[0279] 145 frame structure, base plate

[0280] 146 Adjustment and / or drive mechanism, adjustment drive device

[0281] 147 Storage Blocks

[0282] 148 rotary drive mechanism, speed-adjustable or controllable drive motor, servo motor

[0283] 149 Rotary drive mechanism, speed-adjustable or controllable drive motor, servo motor

[0284] 150-

[0285] 151 bearing, radial bearing

[0286] 153 Support parts, rolling elements, sliding elements,

[0287] 154 support surface

[0288] 200 Substrate Conveying Section, Substrate Unwinder, and Roll Changing Device

[0289] 201 roll, substrate roll

[0290] 202 Forced-drive substrate guide element, roller, traction roller

[0291] 203 substrate guide element, oscillating roller

[0292] 204 Web Edge Controller

[0293] 205-

[0294] 206 Glue application device, glue application table

[0295] 207 Traction mechanism, pulling mechanism

[0296] 208 substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0297] 300 First substrate path segment and conveying section, located on the upstream side and conveying side

[0298] 301 substrate guide elements, rollers, guide rollers, deflection rollers

[0299] 302 pretreatment station, cleaning station, deionization station

[0300] 303 Measurement Station (Carrier Substrate Thickness)

[0301] 304 pretreatment station, application station

[0302] 305-

[0303] 306 Thermal Pretreatment Station, Temperature Control Station, Infrared Radiation Source

[0304] 307 substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0305] 308 forced drive substrate guide element, roller, traction roller

[0306] 309 traction mechanism

[0307] 310-

[0308] 311 sensor, temperature sensor

[0309] 400 Second substrate path segment, conveying section, located on the downstream side and discharge side

[0310] 401 Forced-drive substrate guide element, roller, traction roller

[0311] 402 Cooling Device

[0312] 402* Cooling device (alternative or additional)

[0313] 403 Inspection Device

[0314] 404 substrate guide elements, rollers, guide rollers, deflection rollers

[0315] 405-

[0316] 406 Spread tension compensation and / or adjustment device

[0317] 407 oscillating roller

[0318] 408 Measuring Station (Product Strip Thickness)

[0319] 409 Substrate Guide Element, Measuring Roller, Web Tension Measuring Roller

[0320] 410-

[0321] 411 Traction Mechanism

[0322] 412 Defect Marking

[0323] 500 Product receiving section, product winding machine, winding changer

[0324] 501 Product receiving section, reel, product reel

[0325] 502 forced drive substrate guide element, traction roller

[0326] 503 oscillating roller

[0327] 504 cooling device, substrate guiding element, roller, cooling roller

[0328] 504.1 Cooling Roller

[0329] 504.2 Cooling Roller

[0330] 505-

[0331] 506 traction mechanism

[0332] 507 substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0333] 508 sensor, temperature sensor

[0334] 600 calendering unit, assembly, calendering assembly

[0335] 600* Calendering Unit (Alternative or Additional), Assembly, Calendering Assembly

[0336] 601 The first heated roll and calendering roll

[0337] 601* First roll, calendering roll (alternative or additional)

[0338] 602 The heated second roll and calendering roll

[0339] 602* Second roll, calendering roll (alternative or additional)

[0340] 603 stand (calendering assembly)

[0341] 700 A device for conveying powdered materials, a powder conveying device

[0342] 700' Device for conveying powdered materials, powder conveying device

[0343] b width

[0344] b151 support width

[0345] d thickness, layer thickness

[0346] width of b003 (003; 003')

[0347] b006 (006) width

[0348] b008 (008) width

[0349] d003 (003) thickness, layer thickness

[0350] d003' (003') thickness, layer thickness

[0351] d006 (006) thickness

[0352] d008 (008) thickness, layer thickness

[0353] G plane

[0354] K-arc

[0355] α angle, tilt angle

[0356] R S (Radius of pivoting motion)

[0357] S pivot axis

[0358] T S (Conveying direction of product string 002 and carrier substrate 006)

Claims

1. An apparatus (100; 100*) for coating a carrier substrate (006) with a powdered material (004), the apparatus comprising at least one first application unit (101), the at least one first application unit comprising a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103) adjacent to the first roller (102; 102'), the first roller and the second roller forming a first slit (104; 104') for film formation in a pressing portion (107; 107') between their shell surfaces, through which the powdered material (004) can be fed to form a first dry film (003'), wherein, The second roller (103; 103') or another roller downstream of the second roller (103) in the material flow direction forms a second slit (107) with the roller (103'; 106) used as a pressure roller (103'; 106), through which the carrier substrate (006) to be coated can be guided and loaded with a dry film formed in the first slit (104; 104'). The first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') are characterized by being able to tilt relative to each other with respect to their relative orientation of rotation axes (R102; R103, R102'; R103'), and their relative tilt angle (α) can be changed in such a way that either the first or second roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') is pivotally supported in the device about an actual or imaginary pivot axis (S), the pivot axis being perpendicular to the axis of rotation (R102; R103, R102'; R103') of the pivotable roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') and the other of the two rollers (103; 102; 103'; 102'), and the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') of the first application unit (101; 101') are supported in or on different subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4), and the subframe (128.3; 128.4) carrying the pivotable roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') is also supported. 128.4) The entire assembly, together with the frame walls (131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4) arranged on both sides and connected to each other, and the rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') carried by these frame walls (131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4), is pivotally supported in the device about the pivot axis (S).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation axes (R102; R103, R102'; R103') that are inclined toward each other lie in two planes that are parallel to each other.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The pivotable support is configured and / or designed such that the pivoting movement of the rotation axis (R102; R103, R102'; R103') occurs in a plane that extends perpendicular to the pivot axis (S) and / or perpendicular to the direction of adjustment of the distance and / or the abutment force between the first or second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103'), and the plane does not move along the direction of the pivot axis (S) due to pivoting, and the pivot axis (S) does not change in its position in space.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) that carry pivotable rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') are rigidly connected to each other by one or more crossbeams (136; 137).

5. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Pivotable subracks (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) rest on at least two racks along a radius (R). S On the support portions (153) spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the arc (K) extending around the pivot axis (S).

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The support portion (153) is formed by a rolling element or a sliding element (153) arranged in two support blocks (147) spaced apart from each other on an arc (K).

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The support block (147) is supported on a guide (138) extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation (R102; R103, R102'; R103') of the rollers (102; 103; 102'; R103') carried by the non-pivotable subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4), and the support block is movable on the guide in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation (R102; R103, R102'; R103').

8. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The support portion (153) for supporting the pivotable subframe (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) cooperates with the support surface (154) facing the support portion (153), the support surface being arranged in the lower region of the subframe (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) and / or at least within the adjustment range for pivoting movement in the circumferential direction along the arc (K), the support surface having a surface supporting at least one support portion (153), the surface having a profile that is curved in an arc shape at least within the adjustment range.

9. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sub-racks (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) are pivotable via a drive mechanism.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The rollers (103'; 106) used as pressure rollers (103'; 106) can be adjusted radially toward the second roller or another roller (103), but are supported in the device in a fixed manner relative to the frame in terms of the inclination of their axis of rotation (R103'; R106).

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that, The roller (103'; 106) used as the pressure roller (103'; 106) is a component of the second application unit (101'), which forms an additional first roller gap (104'; 104) with the first roller (102'; 102) of the second application unit (101') as the second roller (103'; 103), or the roller forms a roller gap with the second roller (103'; 103) of the second application unit (101') upstream when viewed from the material flow direction, and the roller forms an additional first roller gap (104'; 104) with the first roller (102'; 102) of the second application unit (101').

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') of the second application unit (101'; 101) are supported in or on different subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4), and the subframe (128.3; 128.4) that carries the first or second roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') of the second application unit (101'; 101), together with the frame walls (131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4) and the rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') supported in the frame walls, can pivot about the pivot axis (S).

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that, The pivotable subframes (128.3; 128.4) of the second application unit (101'; 101) rest on at least two axes along a radius (R). S On the support portions (153) spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the arc (K) extending around the pivot axis (S).

14. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The pivot axis (S) extends perpendicularly to the rotation axis (R102; R103; R102'; R103') of the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') of the same application unit (101; 101') and / or intersects with the rotation axis (R102; R103; R102'; R103') of a pivotable roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') and / or another adjacent roller (102; 103; 102'; 103').

15. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The pivot axis (S) intersects the rotation axis (R102; R103; R102'; R103') of the pivotable and / or adjacent additional rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') at least in the middle region or at the height of the middle of their maximum usable width.

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