Design method for controlling 5G WIFI coexistence interference to improve data rate

Abstract

A mobile communication device is provided comprising a first radio configured to process a first signal in a first frequency band. Also included is a second radio configured to process a second signal in a second frequency band, where the first frequency band and the second frequency band at least partially overlap. The communication device further comprises an antenna multiplexer circuit coupled to the first radio and the second radio, the antenna multiplexer circuit comprising at least one shared antenna to transmit the first signal and the second signal, the antenna multiplexer circuit further comprising a combining circuit coupling the first radio and the second radio with the shared antenna, wherein the combining circuit includes at least one bulk acoustic wave filter configured as a band rejection filter having an attenuation slope at a cutoff frequency of at least about 0.15 dB / MHz.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to European patent application No. EP22 206 081.6 filed on November 8, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to communications between multiple communication devices having multiple radios. Background Art

[0004] With the current hybrid work model, more and more people are working from home, where the home connection is not strong and often needs to switch to other connection sources. Unstable wireless network connections often result in a poor user experience and require the end user to manually switch to a backup (wireless) network. Mobile hotspots are a common alternative to wireless connections if the primary connection fails. Existing wireless connection solutions are designed to provide instant hotspots, such as persistent Bluetooth (BT) or WiFi peer-to-peer (P2P) connections, through manual intervention or the need to maintain dedicated polling / scanning. Instant hotspots allow a mobile communication device to switch to the hotspot of another mobile communication device when it is disconnected from the primary network. However, the disadvantage of this instant hotspot functionality is that it relies on the mobile communication device being in a constant Bluetooth (BLE) advertising and scanning state while waiting for the primary connection of the mobile communication device to be lost, and is therefore not power efficient. Therefore, existing solutions are not power optimized and seamless.

[0005] Furthermore, in mobile communication devices that communicate using WiFi and 5G (5th generation 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) communication), there is a sensitivity degradation problem in WiFi channel throughput due to interference from 5G adjacent frequency bands. The 2.4GHz WiFi channel is adjacent to the n41, n40, and n7 bands of the 5G spectrum, while the n79 band of the 5G spectrum is adjacent to the 5GHz WiFi. The sensitivity degradation occurs due to poor isolation between the antennas of the adjacent frequency bands of the two radios (5G and WiFi). Due to the proximity of cellular and WiFi channels in the 2.4GHz spectrum and the 5GHz spectrum, the use of WiFi and 5G spectrum may cause interference during operation. This may pose a serious interference threat due to the transmit (Tx) leakage and adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of the respective frequency bands. This may greatly affect the data rate. In addition, there is a potential risk of hardware damage due to the high power signal reaching the receive (Rx) path. Existing recommendations and guidelines implement bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters in the WiFi front end to suppress adjacent frequency bands. However, current BAW filters add 2-3dB of insertion loss in the WiFi path. A coexistence manager is also used, which can send commands so as not to operate the two radios (5G and WiFi) on the same or adjacent channels.

[0006] Furthermore, in current applications, multiple communication devices and multiple hard disks can be connected to share content, such as photos, documents, within a closed group, regardless of the user's physical location. However, there is currently no solution to enable easy and remote access to any content across multiple devices using a wireless communication link. That is, the devices must be physically close to access the device's content. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] In the accompanying drawings, similar reference characters generally refer to the same parts in different views. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, but emphasis is generally placed on illustrating the principles of the invention. In the following description, various embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the following drawings, in which:

[0008] Figures 1A to 1C A schematic diagram of a wireless communication system is shown;

[0009] Figure 2 shows a frequency diagram of a wireless communication system;

[0010] FIG. 3A to FIG. 3D A schematic diagram of a wireless communication system is shown;

[0011] FIG. 4A to FIG. 4B A schematic diagram of a wireless communication system is shown;

[0012] FIG. 5A to FIG. 5B A schematic diagram showing a wireless communication system; and

[0013] FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C A schematic diagram of a wireless communication system is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings that show, by way of illustration, specific details and embodiments in which the invention may be practiced.

[0015] The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs.

[0016] The present disclosure addresses various scenarios that rely on different communication links between various communication devices to improve the user experience of mobile communication devices, for example, WiFi communication combined with Bluetooth communication and / or 3GPP wireless wide area network (WWAN) communication. The various described features of the illustrated wireless communication system described below can be combined to provide a further improved communication system, for example, using antenna multiplexing circuits ( Figure 1A and FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C ) network conversion (see Figure 1B , Figure 4A and Figure 4B ).

[0017] As an example, a shared antenna cascaded with one or more band rejection filters (band rejection filter) (having an injection loss of at least about -20dB to achieve out-of-band suppression) improves the possible interference of WiFi and 5G communications of mobile communication devices. One or more shared antennas may be configured to support WiFi signals, for example, in a radio frequency signal range of about 2.4GHz to about 2.5GHz, and about 5.15GHz to about 7.125GHz. One or more shared antennas may be configured to support 5G communications-multiple input multiple output (MIMO) of 3GPP WWAN, for example, in a frequency signal range of about 1.7GHz to about 2.7GHz, and about 3.3GHz to about 5.0GHz. The filtering using (one or more) duplexers and (one or more) shared antennas can improve the coexistence performance of 5G radios and WiFi radios. The shared antenna can also be integrated with a radio frequency (RF) switch, such as an optimal antenna selection function, in a communication system. A coexistence management circuit (also represented as a Coex manager) can control the RF switch. This allows two radios, for example, 5G radios and WiFi radios, to be operated on adjacent channels. Coexistence can provide higher throughput, which can directly translate into faster data rates. Externally implemented band rejection filters can also provide flexibility in some stock keeping units (SKUs) that may not require certain frequency bands. Therefore, products can be designed or developed for different regions, so each design can have a unique SKU.

[0018] In another example, a first wireless communication device connected to a first network of a communication system may use an alternate network provider (e.g., a mobile hotspot provided by a second wireless communication device) to switch to a second network. Note that, in general, it may not be power efficient for a second wireless communication device to keep its hotspot enabled for a long time without being used to service a switch request from a first wireless communication device (e.g., a laptop computer). In a wireless communication system, a second wireless communication device may proactively predict a switch request from a first wireless communication device to switch from a first network to a second network by monitoring a connection metric between the first wireless communication device and the first network to which it is connected. Thus, if the first wireless communication device may intend to switch to a hotspot, the second wireless communication device may activate the hotspot. The proactive prediction of the second wireless communication device may significantly reduce the switch time of the first wireless communication device to switch to an alternate network (e.g., from a first network to a second network) while being power efficient. A cross-transport security protocol may be used to meet the security requirements of the network switch. Thus, the communication system may provide a seamless, secure, and low-latency method for the first wireless communication device to improve the quality of a communication link using a mobile hotspot without maintaining a dedicated control channel, such as a persistent Bluetooth or WiFi peer-to-peer (P2P) connection, as in previous solutions. Thus, the communication system can provide instant hotspots without manual intervention or the need to maintain dedicated polling / scanning, and can facilitate seamless and secure transitions with minimal impact on user experience, latency, and power.

[0019] In another example, a wireless communication system can provide a secure way to access a remote wireless communication device with an embedded SIM (eSIM) and using Class 2 SMS (Short Message Service) 3GPP WWAN messages based on a hash key concept. A software application installed and running on a first wireless communication device and a second wireless communication device can upgrade (e.g., wake up) the second wireless communication device from a reduced power mode (e.g., sleep, airplane mode, sleep, or shutdown state) to an active mode. The upgrade can include switching the antenna from a single active antenna (e.g., main antenna) to multiple active antennas, such as main antenna, MIMO antenna, diversity antenna, based on the state of the second wireless communication device. As an example, the upgrade can be a switch between the category of the WWAN module from Cat M1 to Cat 12. The low power mode of the second wireless communication device can be a reduced capability (RedCap) of the WWAN device. In addition, a battery-powered second wireless communication device can provide information about its battery life indication to the first wireless communication device. This can improve the user experience of the first wireless communication device and allow content to be retrieved from any wireless communication device remotely placed in any remote location accessible from sleep, airplane mode, or shutdown state. Exemplarily, the wireless communication system provides a private cloud within a group of shared wireless communication devices so that data is secure and can be maintained in a structured manner and easily accessed at any time.

[0020] Figure 1A A schematic diagram of a wireless communication system 150 having a first wireless communication device 100 is shown, which may have a first wireless communication link 108 between the first wireless communication device 100 and a first wireless communication network 102 (also represented as a first network or a first radio network), and a second communication link 106 between the first wireless communication device 100 and a second wireless communication network 114 (also represented as a second network or a second radio network). For example, the first wireless communication device 100 may be a laptop computer or a smart phone.

[0021] The first wireless communication device 100 may be communicatively coupled to the first network 104 via the first wireless communication link 108 using the first radio 112. The first wireless communication device 100 may be communicatively coupled to the second network 114 via the second communication link 106 using the second radio 110. The first radio 112 may be configured to transmit a first signal in a first frequency band and the second radio 110 may be configured to transmit a second signal in a second frequency band. The first frequency band and the second frequency band may at least partially overlap.

[0022] The first radio 112 may be a WiFi radio and the second radio 110 may be a 5G radio. The first frequency band and the second frequency band may include one or more frequency bands in the range of 2.4 GHz to 7 GHz, respectively. The first frequency band may include a first sub-band with a frequency of about 2.4 GHz and a second sub-band in the range of about 5 GHz to about 7 GHz. The second frequency band may include one or more frequency bands in the range of about 1.7 GHz to about 5 GHz. The second frequency band may include a first sub-band in the range of about 1.7 GHz to about 3.3 GHz and a second sub-band in the range of about 3.3 GHz to about 5 GHz.

[0023] The first wireless communication device 100 may include a first radio 112 and a second radio 110 coupled to an antenna duplexer circuit 304. The antenna duplexer circuit 304 may include at least one shared antenna configured to transmit and / or receive the first signal and the second signal. FIG. 3A to FIG. 3D Antenna duplexer circuit 304 is shown in greater detail.

[0024] Antenna duplexer circuit 304 may include combining circuitry to couple first radio 112 and second radio 110 to a shared antenna.

[0025] The combined circuit may include at least one band reject filter having an injection loss of at least -15 dB for out-of-band frequencies, for example, at least -20 dB. The band reject filter may be configured to have an attenuation slope of 0.15 dB / MHz at a cut-off frequency, for example, at least -15 dB per 100 MHz. The out-of-band frequencies may be outside the first frequency band and the second frequency band. The band reject filter may be configured to include an insertion loss of about 0.5 dB for the first signal and the second signal. The band reject filter may be a bulk acoustic wave filter.

[0026] The cut-off frequency may be the point in the response of the band reject filter where the transition band and the pass band intersect, e.g. defined by the half-power point, e.g. a frequency for which the output of the band reject filter is -3 dB of the nominal pass band value of the band reject filter. Alternatively, the cut-off frequency may be defined as the stop band corner frequency where the transition band and the stop band of the band reject filter intersect, e.g. a frequency for which the attenuation of the band reject filter is greater than the desired stop band attenuation, e.g. at least 15 dB.

[0027] The shared antenna may be a broadband antenna configured for a frequency range of about 1.7 GHz to about 7 GHz. Alternatively or additionally, the antenna multiplexer circuit 304 may include a first shared antenna and a second shared antenna, the first shared antenna being configured for a first sub-band of a first frequency band overlapping with a second frequency range, and the second shared antenna being configured for a second sub-band of the first frequency band overlapping with the second frequency range. Each of the first radio 112 and the second radio 110 may be coupled to the first shared antenna and the second shared antenna. The first sub-band and the second sub-band may not overlap. The first sub-band may include, for example, a frequency range of about 1.7 GHz to about 2.7 GHz. The second sub-band may include, for example, a frequency range of about 3.3 GHz to about 7.2 GHz.

[0028] The combining circuit may include a quadplexer including an antenna port coupled to the shared antenna, a first radio port coupled to the first radio 112 , and a second radio port coupled to the second radio 110 .

[0029] Alternatively or additionally, the combining circuit may include a first duplexer coupling the first shared antenna to the first radio 112 and the second radio 110, and a second duplexer coupling the second shared antenna to the first radio 112 and the second radio 110. Each of the first duplexer and the second duplexer may include a band rejection filter having an injection loss of at least -15 dB for out-of-band frequencies, for example, at least -20 dB. At least one of the band rejection filters of the first duplexer and the second duplexer may be configured to include an insertion loss of about 0.5 dB for the first signal and the second signal. At least one of the band rejection filters of the first duplexer and the second duplexer may be a bulk acoustic wave filter. At least one of the first duplexer may include a band pass filter and a band stop filter. The band stop filter may be configured to allow a signal having a frequency other than a predetermined frequency band to pass, and the band pass filter may be configured to allow a signal having a predetermined frequency band to pass. The first signal in the first sub-band may include a predetermined frequency band. The first signal in the first sub-band may substantially not contain out-of-band frequencies of the predetermined frequency band.

[0030] Alternatively or additionally, the combined circuit may further include a coexistence management circuit. The combined circuit may include a radio frequency switch coupled to each of the at least one shared antenna, the first radio 112, the second radio 110, and the coexistence management circuit. The coexistence management circuit may be configured to control the radio frequency switch based on the frequency of the first signal and the second signal. The first band rejection filter may couple the first radio 112 to the radio frequency switch, and the second band rejection filter may couple the second radio 110 to the radio frequency switch.

[0031] The RF switch may be configured to: couple the first radio 112 to at least one shared antenna; couple the second radio 110 to at least one shared antenna; couple each of the first radio 112 and the second radio 110 to at least one shared antenna; and not couple either of the first radio 112 and the second radio 110 to at least one shared antenna.

[0032] Figure 1B A schematic diagram of a wireless communication system 160 is shown having a first wireless communication device 100, a second wireless communication device 104, a first network 102, and a second network 114. The first wireless communication device 100 and the second wireless communication device 104 can be coupled to the first network 102, for example, the same network service set identifier (SSID). The first wireless communication device 100 can be a laptop or a personal computer. The second wireless communication device 104 can be a smart phone, a tablet, a phone, or a laptop. The first network 102 can be a broadcast network, for example, a WiFi network. The second network 114 can be a WiFi network or a cellular WWAN, for example, a 3GPP WWAN. Figure 1B The wireless communication system 160 can be connected with Figure 1A Combined with the wireless communication system 150 in.

[0033] The first wireless communication device 100 may include a first radio 112 and a second radio 120. The first radio 112 of the first wireless communication device 100 may be a W-Fi radio 112 that establishes a WiFi communication link 108p (also indicated as a first communication link) between the first wireless communication device 100 and a first network 102 (a WiFi network in this example).

[0034] The second radio 120 of the first wireless communication device 100 may be any type of radio, such as a Bluetooth radio, a WiFi radio, or a 3GPP WWAN radio. The second radio 120 of the first wireless communication device 100 may establish a third wireless communication link 126 between the first wireless communication device 100 and the second wireless communication device 104. The second wireless communication device 104 may have a second radio 122 corresponding to the second radio 120 of the first communication device 100.

[0035] The second wireless communication device 104 may additionally include a first radio 118 and (optionally)

[0036] A third radio 130 .

[0037] The first radio 118 of the second wireless communication device 104 may be a WiFi radio 118 that establishes a second communication link 128, e.g., a WiFi communication link 128, between the second wireless communication device 104 and the first network 102 (a WiFi network in this example). The second wireless communication device 104 may receive a quality value of the first communication link 108p via the second communication link 128. Exemplarily, the first wireless communication device 100 may be communicatively coupled to the first network 102 via the first wireless communication link 108p using its first radio 112. The second wireless communication device 104 may be communicatively coupled to the first network 102 via the second communication link 128 using its first radio 118. If the quality of the first wireless communication link 108p drops below a predetermined threshold (e.g., determined by an expected minimum RSSI value), the first wireless communication device 100 may form a fifth communication link 108s with the second wireless communication device 104 using the respective first radios 112, 118 of the wireless communication devices 100, 104. The second wireless communication device 104 may pass on the communications of the first wireless communication device 100 to the first network 102 or to the second network 114 using the third radio 130 .

[0038] The third radio 130 of the second wireless communication device 104 may be a 3GPP radio that establishes a fourth communication link 132, e.g., a 3GPP WWAN communication link 132, between the second wireless communication device 104 and a second network 114 (in this example, a 3GPP WWAN, e.g., a 4G, 5G, or 6G network). However, the third radio may also be a WiFi radio for connecting to another WiFi having a different SSID than the first network.

[0039] In other words, the second wireless communication device 104 can form a hotspot for the first wireless communication device 100. The second wireless communication device 104 can communicate the communications of the first communication device 100 to the first network 102 using the second communication link 128. Alternatively or additionally, the second wireless communication device 104 can communicate the communications of the first communication device 100 to the second network 114 using the fourth communication link 132.

[0040] As an example, the second wireless communication device 104 may determine a first received signal strength indication (RSSI) value of the second communication link 128 and a second RSSI value of the fourth communication link 132, compare the first RSSI value with the second RSSI value, and pass the communication from the first wireless communication device 100 using the communication link having the higher RSSI value of the second communication link 128 and the fourth communication link 132. Therefore, the communication connection of the first wireless communication device 100 can be improved.

[0041] Furthermore, if the first RSSI value and the second RSSI value are worse than the RSSI value of the first communication link 108p, the second wireless communication device 104 may (optionally) refuse to establish the fifth communication link 108s, for example, by not enabling a hotspot.

[0042] In other words, in the wireless communication system 160, the first wireless communication device 100 may be configured to establish a first wireless communication link 108p to the first network 102, and to establish a fifth wireless communication link 108s to the second wireless communication device 104. The second wireless communication device 104 may be configured to determine the quality of the first wireless communication link 108p, and to establish the fifth wireless communication link 108s when the determined quality of the first wireless communication link 108p drops below a predetermined threshold. The quality of the first wireless communication link 108p may be determined using an RSSI value of the first wireless communication link 108p. The first network 102 may provide the RSSI value of the first wireless communication link 108p to the second communication device 104.

[0043] The second wireless communication device 104 may be configured to determine the quality of the first wireless communication link 108p at a predetermined frequency. If the quality of the first wireless communication link 108p drops below a predetermined threshold, the second wireless communication device may increase the frequency of determining the quality of the first wireless communication link 108p from a first frequency value to a second frequency value. If the first wireless communication device 100 does not establish a fifth wireless communication link 108s within a predetermined time period after the quality of the first wireless communication link 108p drops below the predetermined threshold, the second wireless communication device 104 may reduce the frequency of determining the quality of the first wireless communication link 108p from the second frequency value to the first frequency value. Alternatively or additionally, for example, optionally, if the quality of the first wireless communication link 108p drops below a predetermined threshold, the second wireless communication device 104 may enable its hotspot function or establish a fifth wireless communication link 108s.

[0044] In addition, the wireless communication system 160 may include at least one third communication device (not shown) that is communicatively coupled to the first network 102 and the second wireless communication device 104 (e.g., via the first network 102). The third communication device may provide an RSSI value of its communication link with the first network to the second wireless communication device 104, for example, using a user datagram protocol (UDP) socket. The second wireless communication device 104 may use the RSSI value of the communication link of the third communication device with the first network as an indication of the performance of the first network, and may use the RSSI value as an indication to predict whether the first wireless communication device 100 is about to switch network connections, for example, whether the second wireless communication device 104 is about to be used as a hotspot. Thus, the second wireless communication device 104 may enable the hotspot, for example, a short period of time earlier than the first wireless communication device 100 actually requests the hotspot, or may actively establish the fifth communication link 108s.

[0045] Before the fifth communication link 108s is established for the first time, an encryption key for the fifth communication link 108s may be negotiated between the first wireless communication device 100 and the second wireless communication device 104 using the third communication link 126 (e.g., a Bluetooth message or a 3GPP message between the first wireless communication device 100 and the second wireless communication device 104). Alternatively, an encryption key for the fifth communication link 108s may be negotiated between the first wireless communication device 100 and the second wireless communication device 104 via the first network 102. In this case, the second radios 120, 122 and the third communication link 126 may not be used for this feature.

[0046] Therefore, if the quality of the first communication link 108p indicates a poor WiFi connection, the communication device 160 can provide a smooth and seamless transition from the first communication link 108p to the fifth communication link 108s. In this way, the user experience and the wireless communication capability of the first communication can be improved.

[0047] Figure 1C A schematic diagram of a communication system 170 having a first wireless communication device 100 and a second wireless communication device 104 is shown. Figure 1C The wireless communication system 170 shown may be used with Figure 1A The wireless communication system 150 and / or Figure 1B The wireless communication system 160 shown or any combination thereof.

[0048] The first wireless communication device 100 may include a first radio 112 and a second radio 120, and the second wireless communication device 104 may include a first radio 118 and a second radio 122. The first wireless communication device 100 may be communicatively coupled to the second wireless communication device 104 via a first communication link 124 between the first wireless communication device 100 and the second wireless communication device 104, using their first radios 112, 118. In addition, the first wireless communication device 100 may be communicatively coupled to the second wireless communication device 104 via a second communication link 126 between the first wireless communication device 100 and the second wireless communication device 104, using their second radios 120, 122.

[0049] The first wireless communication device 100 may have a processor configured to: generate a hash key; send the hash key to the second wireless communication device 104 using a type 2 message in a cellular WWAN, for example, via a first communication link 124; receive a confirmation message from the second wireless communication device 104; and after receiving the confirmation message, provide the first wireless communication device 100 with access to the second communication device 104, for example, generate a virtual memory of the second communication device 104 on the first wireless communication device 100, for example, via a second communication link 126. For example, the cellular WWAN may be a 3GPP WWAN. The 3GPP WWAN may be one of a 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G communication network.

[0050] Type 2 messages in 3GPP WWAN messages may include data about a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card or an embedded SIM (eSIM). The SIM data may have been successfully transmitted before an acknowledgement is sent.

[0051] The hash key may be a unique hash key for at least a portion of the cellular WWAN. The hash key may be based on personal user information. The personal user information may include at least one of a password, a gesture, a face print, and a fingerprint. The unique hash key may be generated in the software application. The Class 2 message may be a Class 2 Short Message Service (SMS) message. The Class 2 short message may be submitted via the wireless communication network. The software application of the first wireless communication device 100 may use the physical memory of the second communication device 104 to generate a virtual memory in the software application.

[0052] The second wireless communication device 104 may have a processor configured to: receive a Class 2 message in a cellular WWAN from the first wireless communication device 100 in a low power mode, the Class 2 message including a hash key, the low power mode including a first number of active antennas; verify the hash key; after verifying the hash key, activate an active mode of the second wireless communication device 104, the active mode including a second number of active antennas, wherein the second number is greater than the first number; send an acknowledgment (ACK) message to the first communication device 100; and establish a first communication link 124 between the first wireless communication device 100 and the second wireless communication device 104 for a memory of the second communication device 104 to use the physical memory of the second wireless communication device 104 on the first wireless communication device 100. However, if the second wireless communication device 104 is in an active mode when receiving the Class 2 message, the second wireless communication device 104 may also provide access to the first wireless communication device 100.

[0053] After the second wireless communication device 104 sends the confirmation message, the second wireless communication device 104 may log into the software application. Access to the second communication device 104 (eg, virtual memory) may be generated in the software application of the first wireless communication device 100.

[0054] The processor of the second wireless communication device 104 may be at least one of an embedded controller and a board management controller. The processor may be a microcontroller. The processor may be configured for at least one of the functions of power sequencing, reset sequencing, thermal management, debug interface, and firmware loading of the communication device. The antennas in the first number of active antennas may include one or more main antennas of the communication device. If the communication device can be located in a home location, a WiFi link may be used to route data between the communication device and the terminal communication device. The second wireless communication device 100 may include a screen, and in the active mode, the screen may be turned off in the low power mode. The screen may be turned off in the active mode.

[0055] Thus, in the communication system 170, data can be easily shared between the first wireless communication device 100 and the second wireless communication device 104 using the first communication link 124, for example, to activate the second wireless communication device 104 from a low power mode, and the second communication link 126 is used to transfer data between the physical memory of the second communication device 104 and the physical memory of the first communication device 100, for example, using a virtual memory on the first communication device 100.

[0056] Figure 2 A wireless communication system having a WiFi communication link 106 and a 5G communication link 108 is shown (eg, corresponding to Figure 1A2 , illustrating a frequency diagram 200 of a communication system (shown) showing an overlap of frequency bands of the first radio 112 and the second radio 110 depending on a signal frequency 202.

[0057] In previous solutions, if 5G and WiFi are operating in adjacent frequencies, a lookup table based coexistence manager (Coex manager) will prioritize either the 5G communication link or the WiFi communication link and switch one of them to a different frequency band. For example, if the 5G radio and the WiFi radio will operate in the 2.4GHz band and the 5G communication link must be prioritized, the WiFi communication link will be switched to the 5GHz channel in this case.

[0058] exist FIG. 3A to FIG. 3D In the wireless communication system shown, the 5G communication link and the WiFi communication link can coexist without switching operating frequencies, even if the communication links operate at very adjacent frequencies. Therefore, the 5G radio and WiFi radio of the first wireless communication device are allowed to operate simultaneously at adjacent frequencies. Therefore, Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3D The communication systems 300, 350, 360 shown implement 5G-WiFi coexistence. FIG. 3A to FIG. 3D In , a radio can also be represented as a modem.

[0059] exist Figure 3A In the communication system 300 shown, the WiFi radio 112 and the 5G radio 110 use a shared broadband antenna 306 in the antenna multiplexer circuit 304 and a quadplexer as a combining circuit 302 (see also FIG. Figure 1A ).

[0060] The 5G-MIMO antenna 314 and the WiFi auxiliary antenna 312 can be combined into a shared broadband antenna 306. In addition, the 5G radio 110 can have more antennas 316, 318 that are not shared with the antenna of WiFi. The shared broadband antenna 306 can be configured to support frequencies in the range of 1.7 GHz to about 7 GHz. The quadplexer 302 can be configured to have an insertion loss of about 0.5 dB for the operating frequency band and an insertion loss of -20 dB for out-of-band frequencies. As an example, the quadplexer 302 can include a bulk acoustic wave filter as a band rejection filter. The band rejection filter can be configured to have an attenuation slope of at least 15 dB / 100 MHz, such as -0.15 dB / MHz, for example, at least -15 dB for out-of-band frequencies.

[0061] exist Figure 3BIn the illustrated communication system 350, the WiFi radio 112 and the 5G radio 110 use a first shared antenna 306-1 coupled to a first duplexer 302-1 and a second shared antenna 306-2 coupled to a second duplexer 302-2. The combined circuit may include the first duplexer 302-1 and the second duplexer 302-2. Figure 3C The structure of an exemplary duplexer 302-1 is shown, which has a band stop filter (BSF) 320 for allowing each frequency 326 except 2.4 GHz to pass through and a band pass filter 322 for allowing only a frequency 328 of 2.4 GHz to pass through. Therefore, an input signal 324 can be divided into a first signal 326 and a second signal 328 that does not overlap with the first signal 326.

[0062] The duplexers 302-1 and 302-2 can be used together with a shared broadband antenna. Alternatively or additionally, a first shared antenna 306-1 coupled to the first duplexer 302-1 and a second shared antenna 306-2 coupled to the second duplexer 302-2 can be used. The first shared antenna 306-1 can be configured to support a radio frequency bandwidth of 1.7 GHz to 2.7 GHz. The second shared antenna 306-2 can be configured to support a radio frequency bandwidth of 3.3 GHz to 7.125 GHz. Figure 3C The illustrated band rejection filter (BSF) 320 may be used to implement the first duplexer 302-1. The duplexers 302-1, 302-2 may be configured to have an insertion loss of approximately 0.5 dB for the operating frequency band and an insertion loss (also denoted as rejection) of at least approximately -20 dB for out-of-band frequencies.

[0063] exist Figure 3D In the illustrated communication system 360, the WiFi radio 112 and the 5G radio 110 are coupled to a coexistence management circuit 330 (also shown as a coexistence manager 330), which is coupled to a radio frequency (RF) switch 336, which is coupled to a shared broadband antenna 306. Alternatively or additionally, a first shared antenna and a second shared antenna may be used, for example, see Figure 3B The band reject filter 334 may have an out-of-band frequency rejection of at least −15 dB (eg, at least −20 dB) and may be coupled between the RF switch 336 and the respective radio 110 , 112 .

[0064] The operating frequency of the received RF signal can be sent to the coexistence management circuit 330 in the operating system through a universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) interface. The coexistence manager 330 can control the RF switch 336 via a system on chip (SOC) 332 that provides a general purpose input output (GPIO) to achieve the various switch states shown in table 340. Therefore, if the 5G communication link and the WiFi communication link operate at very adjacent frequencies, they can coexist without switching the operating frequency of the 5G radio or the WiFi radio. The coexistence management circuit 330 can send commands regarding antenna selection / switching based on antenna placement / isolation in the communication system 360 to obtain better connection.

[0065] As an example, by default, the RF signal received by the shared broadband antenna 306 can be sent to the 5G radio 110 and the WiFi radio 112 without any band rejection filter, for example, the state of the RF switch 336 can be "11" (also represented as RF4 in table 340).

[0066] If the 5G radio 110 and the WiFi radio 112 operate at adjacent frequencies, the coexistence management circuit 330 can drive a high level on the GPIO1 port and the GPIO2 port. The RF switch 336 can change the path to the band rejection filter 334. The band rejection filter 334 can have an out-of-band rejection of -20dB respectively. In this way, for example, the WiFi radio 112 only receives RF signals in the WiFi band and rejects RF signals in all 5G bands, and vice versa. Therefore, the 5G radio 110 and the WiFi radio 112 can operate simultaneously at adjacent frequencies.

[0067] If only the WiFi radio 112 is operating, the RF switch state may be "01" (also indicated as RF2 in table 340). Similarly, if only the 5G radio 110 is operating, the RF switch state may be "10" (also indicated as RF3 in table 340). In addition, the RF switch 336 may also be configured to cause neither radio 110, 112 to operate by selecting the state of the RF switch 336 to be "00" (also indicated as RF1 in table 340). For example, in this case, the RF switch 336 may be switched to a stub.

[0068] Further for Figure 1BIn the communication system shown, intermittent primary connections in a WiFi communication link or a WWAN communication link may result in a less than ideal user experience. This problem may occur in both fixed and mobile scenarios. As an example, a user may be traveling and facing connection issues with a first network at a hotel, conference, or airport. As another example, a user may be at home but facing WiFi connection issues, for example, due to network maintenance, performance fluctuations. The bandwidth and performance of a 3GPP mobile communication network (e.g., 4G, 5G, or 6G) may be superior to home WiFi. Therefore, the user can switch the first wireless communication device to a backup network (e.g., a mobile hotspot) provided by the second wireless communication device to maintain the connectivity of the first communication device. The first wireless communication device can seamlessly implement network switching with minimal delay in a secure manner without user intervention. However, keeping the mobile hotspot of the second wireless communication device enabled at all times while waiting for a connection request from the first communication device may not be power efficient. On the other hand, the lack of immediate availability of a backup network (e.g., a mobile hotspot of the second communication device) will result in a delay in the transition from the first network to the second communication device. Therefore, Figure 4A and Figure 4B The illustrated communication systems 400, 420 provide a nearly seamless transition for a first wireless communication device to a backup second wireless communication device when disconnected from a first network, while being power efficient and secure for the second communication device.

[0069] The second wireless communication device may anticipate the connection request from the first wireless communication device to improve power efficiency, such as Figure 4A As shown. The second wireless communication device monitors (402) the link quality between the first wireless communication device and the first network, for example, the RSSI of the SSID beacon of the first network (e.g., a WiFi network). Note that considering that the wireless communication devices may be used by the same user and will be located in the same location most of the time, the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device may actually be expected to connect to the same first network (e.g., the same WiFi SSID), the monitoring is feasible and may incur little or no overhead for the second wireless communication device. Therefore, a communication system with power-efficient, low-latency real-time network switching capability can be provided to achieve seamless connection. In other words, the communication system can provide seamless transition without a dedicated control channel. The second wireless communication device can perform collaborative link quality connection prediction. The second wireless communication device can monitor the link quality of the first wireless communication device to trigger network switching of the first communication device.

[0070] The core module of network switching can be run on the second wireless communication device (404), which actively monitors the quality of the first communication link. As an example, the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device can be connected to the same first network, for example, the same WiFi SSID, and can be located at the same location. The monitoring algorithm running on the second wireless communication device can be expected to generate minimal overhead from the perspective of the second wireless communication device while being accurate. Optionally, the first wireless communication device can periodically provide information about the quality of its communication link with the WiFi network at a lower frequency. The second wireless communication device can also receive a public multi-point Bluetooth device RSSI, for example, a multi-point Bluetooth device paired or connected to the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device, to determine the quality of the communication link between the first wireless communication device and the WiFi network.

[0071] Other trusted devices (also represented as third communication devices) connected to the same first network (e.g., the same WiFi SSID) can make a best effort to periodically communicate (416) their observations of the quality of the WiFi network to the second wireless communication device (e.g., via a UDP socket). Alternatively or additionally, the first wireless communication device can send low-frequency updates about the quality of its first wireless communication link to the second communication device. Thus, the second wireless communication device can receive (416) RSSI inputs from other trusted devices (e.g., other mobile communication devices or laptops) connected to the same first network (e.g., the same WiFi SSID). Since the first, second, and third communication devices may be connected to the same first network, the (one or more) third communication devices can make a best effort to periodically send this data to the second wireless communication device using a UDP socket. The RSSI input of the third communication device can be used as an indication of the current performance of the WiFi network.

[0072] In the case where multiple communication devices contribute to the network switching prediction, the second wireless communication device may employ a voting-based decision algorithm to predict the quality of the communication link between the first communication device and the first network.

[0073] The core module of network switching can determine (406) whether the WiFi connection between the first wireless communication device and the WiFi network is poor, for example, by comparing the determined RSSI value of the communication link between the first wireless communication device and the first network with a predetermined threshold. If it is determined that the RSSI value is lower than the threshold (406-Yes), the second wireless communication device can increase its scanning frequency (408) to determine whether the first wireless communication device intends to switch networks (410). Therefore, the second wireless communication device can maintain a state of increased scanning rate for a predetermined time period to periodically check whether the first communication device requests a communication link with the second communication device. If the first communication device does not send a request to the second wireless communication device (410-No), the second communication device can reduce the scanning rate (414) and the process can start over. If the second communication device receives a hotspot request from the first communication device (410-Yes), the second wireless communication device activates (412) the hotspot. Alternatively ( Figure 4A ), the second wireless communication device may directly activate the mobile hotspot (412) after the second wireless communication device determines that the RSSI value of the communication link between the first wireless communication device and the first network drops below a predetermined threshold.

[0074] A link quality metric for a first communication link between a first wireless communication device and a first network may be maintained from the perspective of each communication device using an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) based averaging scheme, as shown in Equation 1.

[0075] LQ(t,i)=α i R(t,i)+(1-α i )LQ(t-1,i) (1)

[0076] Where LQ(t,i) is the average quality of the corresponding wireless communication link between the (first) WiFi network and the i-th communication device, R(t,i) is the instantaneous link quality between the (first) WiFi network and the i-th communication device, and α i is the weighted parameter of the quality of the first communication link of the i-th communication device, and 0≤α i ≤1.

[0077] In general, if more weight is given to the instantaneous measurement, i.e., R(t,i), then α i ≥ 0.5, and vice versa. Therefore, if the i-th communication device corresponds to a mobile communication device, then α i ≤0.5 to account for mobility and smooth outliers. Accordingly, if the i-th communication device is a personal computer (PC) or a laptop, a higher weight can be given to the instantaneous measurement, i.e., α i ≥0.5.

[0078] For network switching, a transport authentication protocol can be used, such as Figure 4B As shown. The transmission authentication protocol can prevent malicious agents from hijacking network switching. The malicious agent can be prevented from hijacking the network switching function by authenticating the first wireless communication device and the second communication in the connection request payload.

[0079] As an example, a cross-transport security protocol (e.g., utilizing a WiFi key in a Bluetooth payload) can be used to prevent hijacking. The Bluetooth payload can utilize a second wireless communication device hotspot WiFi shared key 422, 428, which can be generated when the first wireless communication device first connects to the hotspot of the second wireless communication device. User confirmation 424 may be required only for this step. Subsequent handover requests 430 from the first wireless communication device (via Bluetooth notifications) can be encrypted using a WiFi WPA (WiFi Protected Access) shared key. An advantage of this protocol may be that the user does not need to create a separate account in the cloud for this functionality. Therefore, functional security can be guaranteed in a manner independent of the underlying operating system.

[0080] However, the Bluetooth communication shown is merely exemplary, and any of a Bluetooth connection, a WiFi connection to a (first) WiFi network, and a cellular WWAN message may be used to negotiate a WiFi WPA shared key between the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device for a communication link with the hotspot of the second wireless communication device and the first wireless communication device.

[0081] Further for Figure 1C In the communication system shown in FIG. 1 , the second communication device (eg, as previously described) may be in a low power mode and may be activated for data transmission by the first wireless communication device using a cellular WWAN message. Figure 5A and Figure 5B A schematic diagram of a corresponding wireless communication system 500 is shown. Figure 5A and Figure 5B In the embodiment, the first wireless communication device can be represented as a main device and the second communication device can be represented as an auxiliary device. The first wireless communication device 100 can be any type of mobile or fixed communication device, such as a mobile phone or a personal computer (PC). The second wireless communication device 104 can be any type of mobile or fixed communication device, such as a user's personal PC or any PC from a trusted person. The second wireless communication device 104 can be connected to a first network (e.g., a wireless wide area network (WWAN)), a second network (e.g., a WiFi network), and a connection module for exchanging files can be installed on the first wireless communication device and the second communication device. The second wireless communication device 104 can be connected to one or more physical memories to store and / or retrieve data files to be exchanged.

[0082] The second wireless communication device 104 may be configured to be in any of a sleep mode 502, a connected standby mode 502, a power off mode, an airplane mode, and a dormant state 504, or an active mode. 3GPP SMS2 type communications 510, 512 may be used between the communication devices 100, 104 to upgrade the second wireless communication device from a low power mode to an active mode, for example, waking up from sleep, waking up from dormancy, waking up from airplane mode, or waking up from power off.

[0083] The first wireless communication device 100 may access the secondary device in a secure manner using a software application installed and executed (506, 508) on the first wireless communication device 100 and installed and (optionally) executed (514) on the second wireless communication device 104.

[0084] Any type of files, documents, photos required can be exchanged between the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device using the software application. Thus, as an example, since data files can be pushed to the second wireless communication device 104, the program execution problem caused by exceeding the memory of the first wireless communication device 100 no longer exists.

[0085] The software application can be extended to connect to the second wireless communication device 104 from multiple communication devices to instantly share files and / or documents. Similarly, the first wireless communication device 100 can be accessed on the second wireless communication device 104, for example, via reverse authentication as described below. This can allow content to be copied back and forth between the communication devices 100, 104, for example, for synchronizing files, data and folders, or for mirroring partitions of the memory of the communication devices.

[0086] Specifically, when the software application (506) is active on the first wireless communication device 100, the first communication device generates a hash key, for example, based on a password, face print or fingerprint. The hash key can be unique in the 3GPP WWAN. After the first wireless communication device 100 logs in (508) to the software application (for example, intending to transfer a file), the hash key will be shared (510) with the second wireless communication device 104 as a Class 2 SMS in the 3GPP WWAN.

[0087] The second wireless communication device 104 (e.g., a SIM toolkit of the second wireless communication device 104) may process the received Class 2 SMS and pass it to a processor. The processor may be an embedded controller (EC) or a board management controller (BMC), for example, formed as a microcontroller. The processor may be configured to handle power sequencing, reset sequencing, thermal management, debug interface, firmware loading, etc. Once the hash key is matched (e.g., accepted), the second wireless communication device sends a confirmation message to the first wireless communication device 100 (512).

[0088] Note that before entering the dormant, sleep or airplane mode state (504), the processor of the second communication device can reduce the user equipment (UE) capabilities (524), for example, by reducing the number of active antennas, for example, only the primary antenna (526), ​​through a downgrade procedure (522) after the dormant, airplane mode or shutdown procedure (520) is initiated to save power, see Figure 5B For example, when the second wireless communication device 104 transitions to a sleep, airplane mode, or power-off state (504), the WWAN M.2 module may be downgraded to a lower UE capability, such as CAT M1 or RedCap (524, 526). Therefore, the antenna configuration may be reduced (526) to monitor only the primary antenna (Primary Ant) of the second wireless communication device in the power-off and sleep, airplane mode, or power-off state (504) to save power.

[0089] In active mode, the second wireless communication device logs into the software application after verifying the hash key. The software application presents the login of the second wireless communication device on the first communication device, for example, including a username and password. Thus, the software application is active on the first wireless communication device and the second communication device (514). The software application can display the second wireless communication device, for example, its virtual memory, on the first communication device.

[0090] For example, once the system is in the awake state 534, the WWAN M.2 module capabilities will be upgraded to CATx based on the module type used, and all antennas will become active for better performance. Once the second wireless communication device moves to the active state, e.g., the wake-up logic is initiated (520) and the WWAN initiates the registration process (532), resulting in a WWAN upgrade (534), the processor of the second wireless communication device 104 can upgrade (534) the UE capabilities and the number of active antennas, e.g., to a main antenna, a diversity antenna, and a MIMO antenna, as shown. Figure 5B If the second wireless communication device is located at a home location, the data may also be routed to WiFi instead of WWAN. This may be different from a manageability perspective relative to degrading antenna configuration or UE capabilities before moving to sleep, airplane mode, or off state 504 for paging monitoring.

[0091] The processor may first be turned on in the second wireless communication device, which may help start the boot process (530). The processor may help wake up the system from a shutdown, airplane mode, or sleep state 504. Thus, only when the full registration process 532 is completed and when the user actually wants to move data to or from the second wireless communication device, the antenna configuration and UE capabilities may be upgraded back to a higher configuration. Then, as Figure 5AThe software application login procedure 500 shown may begin. The processor of the second wireless communication device 104 may access the software application login procedure 500 directly from the sleep or connected standby state 502, such as Figure 5B shown.

[0092] Fig. 6A A schematic diagram of a communication system is shown. The communication system may be executed on a communication device 600. The communication device 600 may include a device 610 for transmitting a first signal in a first frequency band, and a device 612 for transmitting a second signal in a second frequency band. The first frequency band and the second frequency band may at least partially overlap; an antenna multiplexing device 614 is used to send and receive the first signal and the second signal using at least one shared antenna, the antenna multiplexing device including the shared antenna and a combining device, the combining device being used to couple the device 610 for transmitting the first signal and the device 612 for transmitting the second signal to the shared antenna. The combining device may include a band reject device having an injection loss of at least -15 dB for out-of-band frequencies, for example, at least -20 dB.

[0093] The device 610 for transmitting the first signal may be a WiFi radio, and the device 612 for transmitting the second signal may be a 5G radio. The first frequency band and the second frequency band may respectively include one or more frequency bands in the range of about 2.4 GHz to about 7 GHz. The first frequency band may include a first sub-band with a frequency of about 2.4 GHz and a second sub-band in the range of about 5 GHz to about 7 GHz. The second frequency band may include one or more frequency bands in the range of about 1.7 GHz to about 5 GHz. The second frequency band may include a first sub-band in the range of about 1.7 GHz to about 3.3 GHz and a second sub-band in the range of about 3.3 GHz to about 5 GHz.

[0094] The band rejector may include an insertion loss of about 0.5 dB for the first signal and the second signal. The band rejector may include a bulk acoustic wave filter. The out-of-band frequency may be outside the first frequency band and the second frequency band. The out-of-band frequency may be outside at least one of the first frequency band and the second frequency band. The out-of-band frequency may be outside an overlapping frequency band of the first frequency band and the second frequency band.

[0095] The shared antenna may be a broadband antenna for use in a frequency range of about 1.7 GHz to about 7 GHz.The combining means may include quadplexing means for coupling the shared antenna to each of the means for transmitting the first signal and the means for transmitting the second signal.

[0096] The antenna multiplexer device 614 may include a first shared antenna and a second shared antenna, the first shared antenna being configured for a first sub-band of a first frequency band overlapping with a second frequency range, and the second shared antenna being configured for a second sub-band of the first frequency band overlapping with the second frequency range. Each of the means for transmitting the first signal and the means for transmitting the second signal may be coupled to the first shared antenna and the second shared antenna. The first sub-band and the second sub-band may not overlap. The first sub-band may include a frequency range of about 1.7 GHz to about 2.7 GHz. The second sub-band may include a frequency range of about 3.3 GHz to about 7.2 GHz.

[0097] The combination device may include a first duplex device for coupling a first shared antenna to a device for transmitting a first signal and a device for transmitting a second signal, and a second duplex device for coupling a second shared antenna to a device for transmitting the first signal and a device for transmitting the second signal. Each of the first duplex device and the second duplex device may include a band rejection device having an injection loss of at least -15 dB for out-of-band frequencies, for example, at least -20 dB. At least one of the band rejection devices of the first duplex device and the second duplex device includes an insertion loss of about 0.5 dB for the first signal and the second signal. At least one of the band rejection devices of the first duplex device and the second duplex device may be a bulk acoustic wave filter. At least one of the first duplex device may include a band pass device and a band stop device. The band stop device allows signals having frequencies other than a predetermined frequency band to pass through, and the band pass device allows signals having a predetermined frequency band to pass through. The first signal in the first sub-band may include a predetermined frequency band. The first signal in the first sub-band may substantially not contain out-of-band frequencies of the predetermined frequency band.

[0098] The communication device 600 may include a coexistence manager means for switching between at least one antenna and at least one of the first radio, the second radio and the stub according to the frequencies of the first signal and the second signal. The communication device 600 may be a laptop or a smart phone.

[0099] Figure 6B 6 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system 620. The communication system 620 may include a first communication device 622 for establishing a first wireless communication connection with a first network 626 and for establishing a second wireless communication connection with a second communication device 624. The wireless communication system 620 may also include a second communication device 624 for establishing a third wireless communication connection with the first network 626 or the second network 628 and for establishing a second wireless communication connection with the first communication device 622. The second communication device 624 may determine the quality of the first wireless communication connection and establish the second wireless communication connection when the determined quality of the first wireless communication connection drops below a predetermined threshold.

[0100] When the second wireless communication connection is established, the second communication device transfers the communication from the first communication device to the first network 626 or the second network 628 via the second communication connection.

[0101] The first network 626 may be a broadcast network, such as a WiFi network. The second network 628 may be a 3GPP WWAN.

[0102] The second wireless communication connection may be a directional communication connection. The second wireless communication connection may be one of a WiFi connection or a Bluetooth connection.

[0103] The first communication device 622 may be a laptop or a personal computer. The second communication device 624 may be a smartphone, a tablet, a phone, or a laptop.

[0104] The second communication device 624 may determine the quality of the first wireless communication connection at a predetermined frequency. If the quality of the first wireless communication connection drops below a predetermined threshold, the second communication device increases the frequency of determining the quality of the first wireless communication connection from a first frequency value to a second frequency value. If the first communication device 622 does not establish a second wireless communication connection within a predetermined time period after the quality of the first wireless communication connection drops below the predetermined threshold, the second communication device 624 decreases the frequency of determining the quality of the first wireless communication connection from the second frequency value to the first frequency value. If the quality of the first wireless communication connection drops below the predetermined threshold, the second communication device 624 may establish a second wireless communication connection.

[0105] The quality of the first wireless communication connection may be determined using a received signal strength indication (RSSI) value of the first wireless communication connection. The first network 626 may provide the RSSI value of the first wireless communication connection to the second communication device 624.

[0106] The wireless communication system 620 may also include at least one third communication device communicatively coupled to the first network 626 and the second communication device 624. The third communication device may be communicatively coupled to the first communication device 622 and the second communication device 624 via a Bluetooth connection. The third communication device may provide an RSSI value of its wireless communication connection to the second communication device 624. The third communication device may provide the quality of its wireless communication connection to the second communication device 624 using a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) socket.

[0107] Figure 6CA flow chart of a communication system is shown. The communication system 640 may be executed on a communication device. The communication device may include: means 642 for generating a hash key in a first communication device; means 644 for transmitting the hash key to a second communication device using a Class 2 message in a cellular wide area network; means 646 for verifying the hash key in the second communication device; means 648 for confirming the verified hash key to the first communication device; means 650 for upgrading the number of active antennas in the second communication device; and means 652 for providing access to a memory of the second communication device on the first communication device.

[0108] The hash key may be a unique hash key of at least part of the 3GPP WWAN. The hash key may be based on personal user information. The 3GPP WWAN may be one of 3G, 4G, 5G, and 6G communication networks. The personal user information may include at least one of a password, a gesture, a face print, and a fingerprint. The unique hash key may be generated in the software application, and after the terminal communication device submits the confirmation message, the terminal communication device logs into the software application. Access (e.g., virtual memory) may be generated in the software application of the terminal communication device.

[0109] The type 2 message may be a type 2 short message service (SMS) message. The type 2 short message may be submitted via a wireless communication network.

[0110] The processor may be at least one of an embedded controller and a board management controller. The processor may be a microcontroller. The processor may be configured for at least one of the functions of power sequencing, reset sequencing, thermal management, debug interface, and firmware loading of the communication device.

[0111] The antennas in the first number of active antennas may include one or more primary antennas of the communication device.

[0112] Where the communication devices may be located at a home location, a WiFi connection may be used to route data between the first communication device and the second communication device.

[0113] The communication device may include a screen for displaying information, and the screen may be turned off in the low power mode. If the communication device is only used for data transmission, the screen may also be turned off in the active mode.

[0114] The hash key may be generated in a software application installed on the other communication device and the communication device, respectively. Access to the physical memory of the communication device may be provided to the other communication device as an access point, or a virtual memory may be generated in a software application of the other communication device to provide access to the other communication device. When a Class 2 message is received, the communication device may be in an active mode or a low power mode. The low power mode may include a first number of active antennas, and after verifying the unique hash key, the communication device may be in an active mode. The active mode may include a second number of active antennas, wherein the second number is higher than the first number. In the case where the second communication device may be located at a home location, a WiFi connection may be used to route data between other communication devices and the communication device.

[0115] In the following, various aspects of the present disclosure will be described:

[0116] Example 1a is a mobile communication device comprising: a first radio configured to process a first signal in a first frequency band, and a second radio configured to process a second signal in a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band and the second frequency band at least partially overlap; and an antenna multiplexer circuit coupled to the first radio and the second radio and comprising at least one shared antenna to transmit the first signal and the second signal, and the antenna multiplexer circuit further comprising a combining circuit coupling the first radio and the second radio with the shared antenna, wherein the combining circuit comprises at least one bulk acoustic wave filter, the bulk acoustic wave filter being configured as a band rejection filter, the band rejection filter having an injection loss gradient / attenuation slope in a range of at least less than about -15 dB / 100 MHz (e.g., -0.15 dB / MHz) from a cutoff frequency, for example, the rejection loss may be at least -15 dB for out-of-band frequencies.

[0117] In Example 2a, the subject matter of Example 1a can optionally include the first radio being a WiFi radio and the second radio being a 5G radio.

[0118] In Example 3a, the subject matter of Example 1a or 2a may optionally include that the first frequency band and the second frequency band each include one or more frequency bands within a range of about 2.4 GHz to about 7 GHz.

[0119] In Example 4a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1a to 3a may optionally include that the first frequency band includes a first sub-band having a frequency of about 2.4 GHz and a second sub-band ranging from about 5 GHz to about 7 GHz.

[0120] In Example 5a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1a to 4a may optionally include that the second frequency band includes one or more frequency bands in a range from about 1.7 GHz to about 5 GHz.

[0121] In Example 6a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1a to 5a may optionally include that the second frequency band includes a first sub-band in a range of about 1.7 GHz to about 2.7 GHz and a second sub-band in a range of about 3.3 GHz to about 5 GHz.

[0122] In Example 7a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1a to 6a can optionally include the band rejection filter being configured to have an insertion loss of less than about 0.5 dB for the first signal and the second signal.

[0123] In Example 8a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1a to 7a may optionally include the band rejection filter having an injection loss of at least -15 dB for out-of-band frequencies, for example, at least -20 dB.

[0124] In Example 9a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1a to 8a can optionally include that the shared antenna is a broadband antenna configured for a frequency range of about 1.7 GHz to about 7 GHz.

[0125] In Example 10a, the subject matter of any of Examples 1a to 9a may optionally include the combining circuit comprising a quadplexer including an antenna port coupled to the shared antenna, a first radio port coupled to the first radio, and a second radio port coupled to the second radio.

[0126] In Example 11a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1a to 10a may optionally include an antenna multiplexer circuit comprising: a first shared antenna configured for a first sub-band of a first frequency band that overlaps with a second frequency band; and a second shared antenna configured for a second sub-band of the first frequency band that overlaps with the second frequency band.

[0127] In Example 12a, the subject matter of Example 11a can optionally include each of the first radio and the second radio being coupled to a first shared antenna and a second shared antenna.

[0128] In Example 13a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11a to 12a may optionally include that the first subband and the second subband do not overlap.

[0129] In Example 14a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11a to 13a may optionally include the first sub-band including a frequency range of about 1.7 GHz to about 2.7 GHz.

[0130] In Example 15a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11a to 14a may optionally include the second sub-band including a frequency range of about 3.3 GHz to about 7.2 GHz.

[0131] In Example 16a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1a to 15a can optionally include the combining circuit comprising a first duplexer coupling the first shared antenna to the first radio and the second radio and a second duplexer coupling the second shared antenna to the first radio and the second radio.

[0132] In Example 17a, the subject matter of Example 16a can optionally include each of the first duplexer and the second duplexer including at least one bulk acoustic wave filter, the bulk acoustic wave filter being configured as a band rejection filter, the band rejection filter having an injection loss gradient / attenuation slope in a range from about -15 dB / 100 MHz to about a certain value starting from a cutoff frequency.

[0133] In Example 18a, the subject matter of Example 16a or 17a can optionally include at least one of the band rejection filters of the first duplexer and the second duplexer being configured to have an insertion loss of less than about 0.5 dB for the first signal and the second signal.

[0134] In Example 19a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 16a to 18a may optionally include at least one of the band rejection filters of the first duplexer and the second duplexer having an injection loss of at least -15 dB for out-of-band frequencies, for example, -20 dB.

[0135] In Example 20a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 17a to 19a may optionally include the first duplexer comprising a bandpass filter and a bandstop filter, wherein the bandstop filter is configured to allow signals having frequencies other than a predetermined frequency band to pass through, and the bandpass filter is configured to allow signals having a predetermined frequency band to pass through.

[0136] In Example 21a, the subject matter of Example 20a may optionally include the first signal in the first sub-band comprising a predetermined frequency band.

[0137] In Example 22a, the subject matter of Example 20a or 21a may optionally include the first signal in the first sub-band substantially containing no out-of-band frequencies of the predetermined frequency band.

[0138] In Example 23a, the subject matter of any of Examples 1a to 22a may optionally further include a coexistence management circuit, wherein the combination circuit includes a radio frequency switch coupled to each of the at least one antenna, the first radio, the second radio, and the coexistence management circuit, wherein the coexistence management circuit is configured to control the radio frequency switch based on the frequencies of the first signal and the second signal.

[0139] In Example 24a, the subject matter of Example 23a can optionally include a first band reject filter coupling the first radio with the radio frequency switch and a second band reject filter coupling the second radio with the radio frequency switch.

[0140] In Example 25a, the subject matter of Example 23a or 24a can optionally include the RF switch being configured to: couple the first radio to at least one shared antenna; couple the second radio to at least one shared antenna; couple each of the first radio and the second radio to at least one shared antenna; and not couple either of the first radio and the second radio to at least one shared antenna.

[0141] In Example 26a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1a to 25a may optionally include that the mobile communication device is a laptop or a smart phone.

[0142] In Example 27a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1a to 26a may optionally include the out-of-band frequency being outside the first frequency band and the second frequency band.

[0143] In Example 28a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1a to 27a may optionally include the out-of-band frequency being outside at least one of the first frequency band and the second frequency band.

[0144] In Example 29a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1a to 28a may optionally include the out-of-band frequency being outside an overlapping frequency band of the first frequency band and the second frequency band.

[0145] Example 30a is a mobile communication device, comprising: a device for processing a first signal in a first frequency band, and a device for processing a second signal in a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band and the second frequency band at least partially overlap; an antenna multiplexing device for processing the first signal and the second signal using at least one shared antenna, the antenna multiplexing device comprising the shared antenna and a combining device for coupling the device for transmitting the first signal and the device for transmitting the second signal to the shared antenna, wherein the combining device comprises at least one bulk acoustic wave filter, the bulk acoustic wave filter being configured as a band rejection filter, the band rejection filter having an injection loss gradient / attenuation slope of at least -15dB / 100MHz (e.g., -0.15dB / MHz) from a cutoff frequency.

[0146] In Example 31a, the subject matter of Example 30a can optionally include the means for transmitting the first signal being a WiFi radio and the means for transmitting the second signal being a 5G radio.

[0147] In Example 32a, the subject matter of Example 30a or 31a can optionally include the first frequency band and the second frequency band each including one or more frequency bands within a range of about 2.4 GHz to about 7 GHz.

[0148] In Example 33a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 30a to 32a may optionally include that the first frequency band includes a first sub-band having a frequency of about 2.4 GHz and a second sub-band ranging from about 5 GHz to about 7 GHz.

[0149] In Example 34a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 30a to 33a may optionally include that the second frequency band includes one or more frequency bands in the range of about 1.7 GHz to about 5 GHz.

[0150] In Example 35a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 30a to 34a may optionally include that the second frequency band includes a first sub-band in a range of about 1.7 GHz to about 2.7 GHz and a second sub-band in a range of about 3.3 GHz to about 5 GHz.

[0151] In Example 36a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 30a to 35a may optionally include the band rejector comprising an insertion loss of approximately 0.5 dB for the first signal and the second signal.

[0152] In Example 37a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 30a to 36a may optionally include the band rejector having an injection loss of at least -15 dB for out-of-band frequencies, for example, at least -20 dB.

[0153] In Example 38a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 30a to 37a may optionally include the shared antenna being a broadband antenna for a frequency range of about 1.7 GHz to about 7 GHz.

[0154] In Example 39a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 30a to 38a may optionally include the combination means comprising a quadplexing means for coupling the shared antenna to each of the means for transmitting the first signal and the means for transmitting the second signal.

[0155] In Example 40a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 30a to 39a may optionally include an antenna multiplexer device comprising: a first shared antenna configured for a first sub-band of a first frequency band that overlaps with a second frequency band; and a second shared antenna configured for a second sub-band of the first frequency band that overlaps with the second frequency band.

[0156] In Example 41a, the subject matter of Example 40a can optionally include each of the means for transmitting the first signal and the means for transmitting the second signal being coupled to the first shared antenna and the second shared antenna.

[0157] In Example 42a, the subject matter of Example 40a or 41a may optionally include that the first subband and the second subband do not overlap.

[0158] In Example 43a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 40a to 42a may optionally include the first sub-band including a frequency range of about 1.7 GHz to about 2.7 GHz.

[0159] In Example 44a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 40a to 43a may optionally include the second sub-band including a frequency range of about 3.3 GHz to about 7.2 GHz.

[0160] In Example 45a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 30a to 44a may optionally include a combined device comprising a first duplex device for coupling a first shared antenna to a device for transmitting a first signal and a device for transmitting a second signal, and a second duplex device for coupling a second shared antenna to a device for transmitting the first signal and a device for transmitting the second signal.

[0161] In Example 46a, the subject matter of Example 45a can optionally include each of the first duplex device and the second duplex device comprising a band rejector having an injection loss of at least -15 dB, for example, at least -20 dB, for out-of-band frequencies.

[0162] In Example 47a, the subject matter of Example 46a can optionally include at least one of the band rejector of the first duplex device and the second duplex device having an insertion loss of less than about 0.5 dB for the first signal and the second signal.

[0163] In Example 48a, the subject matter of Example 46a or 47a may optionally include at least one of the band rejection devices of the first duplex device and the second duplex device comprising at least one bulk acoustic wave filter, the bulk acoustic wave filter being configured as a band rejection filter, the band rejection filter having an attenuation slope at a cutoff frequency of at least 0.15 dB / MHz, for example, -15 dB / 100 MHz.

[0164] In Example 49a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 46a to 48a may optionally include that at least one of the first duplex devices includes a bandpass device and a bandstop device, wherein the bandstop device allows signals having frequencies other than a predetermined frequency band to pass through, and the bandpass device allows signals having a predetermined frequency band to pass through.

[0165] In Example 50a, the subject matter of Example 49a may optionally include the first signal in the first sub-band comprising a predetermined frequency band.

[0166] In Example 51a, the subject matter of Examples 49a to 50a may optionally include the first signal in the first sub-band being substantially free of out-of-band frequencies of the predetermined frequency band.

[0167] In Example 52a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 33a to 51a may also optionally include a coexistence manager device for switching between at least one antenna and at least one of the first radio, the second radio, and the short line based on the frequency of the first signal and the second signal.

[0168] In Example 53a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 30a to 52a may optionally include that the mobile communication device is a laptop computer or a smart phone.

[0169] In Example 54a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 30a to 53a may optionally include the out-of-band frequency being outside the first frequency band and the second frequency band.

[0170] In Example 55a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 30a to 54a may optionally include the out-of-band frequency being outside at least one of the first frequency band and the second frequency band.

[0171] In Example 56a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 30a to 55a may optionally include the out-of-band frequency being outside an overlapping frequency band of the first frequency band and the second frequency band.

[0172] Example 57a is a mobile communication device comprising: a first radio configured to process a first signal in a first frequency band; a second radio configured to process a second signal in a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band and the second frequency band at least partially overlap; and an antenna multiplexer circuit coupled to the first radio and the second radio and comprising at least one shared antenna to receive the first signal and the second signal, and the antenna multiplexer circuit also comprises a combining circuit coupling the first radio and the second radio to the shared antenna, wherein the combining circuit comprises at least one bulk acoustic wave filter, the bulk acoustic wave filter being configured as a band rejection filter, the band rejection filter having an attenuation slope at a cutoff frequency of at least approximately 0.15 dB / MHz, for example, -15 dB / 100 MHz.

[0173] In Example 58a, the subject matter of Example 57a can optionally include the first radio being a WiFi radio and the second radio being a 5G radio.

[0174] In Example 59a, the subject matter of Example 57a or 58a may optionally include the first frequency band and the second frequency band respectively including one or more frequency bands in a range of about 2.4 GHz to about 7 GHz.

[0175] In Example 60a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 57a to 59a may optionally include that the first frequency band includes a first sub-band having a frequency of about 2.4 GHz and a second sub-band ranging from about 5 GHz to about 7 GHz.

[0176] In Example 61a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 57a to 60a may optionally include the second frequency band comprising one or more frequency bands in a range of about 1.7 GHz to about 5 GHz.

[0177] In Example 62a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 57a to 61a may optionally include that the second frequency band includes a first sub-band in a range of about 1.7 GHz to about 2.7 GHz and a second sub-band in a range of about 3.3 GHz to about 5 GHz.

[0178] In Example 63a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 57a to 62a may optionally include the band rejection filter being configured to have an insertion loss of less than about 0.5 dB for the first signal and the second signal.

[0179] In Example 64a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 57a to 63a may optionally include the band rejection filter having an injection loss of at least -15 dB for out-of-band frequencies, for example, at least -20 dB.

[0180] In Example 65a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 57a to 64a may optionally include the shared antenna being a broadband antenna configured for a frequency range of about 1.7 GHz to about 7 GHz.

[0181] In Example 66a, the subject matter of any of Examples 57a to 65a may optionally include the combining circuit comprising a quadplexer comprising an antenna port coupled to the shared antenna, a first radio port coupled to the first radio, and a second radio port coupled to the second radio.

[0182] In Example 67a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 57a to 66a may optionally include an antenna multiplexer circuit comprising: a first shared antenna configured for a first sub-band of a first frequency band that overlaps with a second frequency band; and a second shared antenna configured for a second sub-band of the first frequency band that overlaps with the second frequency band.

[0183] In Example 68a, the subject matter of Example 67a can optionally include each of the first radio and the second radio being coupled to a first shared antenna and a second shared antenna.

[0184] In Example 69a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 67a to 68a may optionally include the first subband and the second subband not overlapping.

[0185] In Example 70a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 67a to 69a may optionally include the first sub-band including a frequency range of about 1.7 GHz to about 2.7 GHz.

[0186] In Example 71a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 67a to 70a may optionally include the second sub-band including a frequency range of about 3.3 GHz to about 7.2 GHz.

[0187] In Example 72a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 57a to 71a may optionally include the combining circuit comprising a first duplexer coupling the first shared antenna to the first radio and the second radio and a second duplexer coupling the second shared antenna to the first radio and the second radio.

[0188] In Example 73a, the subject matter of Example 72a can optionally include each of the first duplexer and the second duplexer including at least one bulk acoustic wave filter, the bulk acoustic wave filter being configured as a band rejection filter, the band rejection filter having an attenuation slope at a cutoff frequency having a magnitude of at least about 0.15 dB / MHz, for example, -15 dB / 100 MHz.

[0189] In Example 74a, the subject matter of Example 72a or 73a can optionally include at least one of the band rejection filters of the first duplexer and the second duplexer being configured to have an insertion loss of less than about 0.5 dB for the first signal and the second signal.

[0190] In Example 75a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 72a to 74a may optionally include at least one of the band rejection filters of the first duplexer and the second duplexer having an injection loss of at least 20 dB for out-of-band frequencies.

[0191] In Example 76a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 72a to 75a may optionally include the first duplexer comprising a bandpass filter and a bandstop filter, wherein the bandstop filter is configured to allow signals having frequencies other than a predetermined frequency band to pass through, and the bandpass filter is configured to allow signals having a predetermined frequency band to pass through.

[0192] In Example 77a, the subject matter of Example 76a may optionally include the first signal in the first sub-band comprising a predetermined frequency band.

[0193] In Example 78a, the subject matter of Example 76a or 77a may optionally include the first signal in the first sub-band being substantially free of out-of-band frequencies of the predetermined frequency band.

[0194] In Example 79a, the subject matter of any of Examples 57a to 78a may also optionally include a coexistence management circuit, wherein the combination circuit includes an RF switch coupled to each of the at least one antenna, the first radio, the second radio, and the coexistence management circuit, wherein the coexistence management circuit is configured to control the RF switch based on the frequencies of the first signal and the second signal.

[0195] In Example 80a, the subject matter of Example 79a can optionally include a first band reject filter coupling the first radio with the radio frequency switch and a second band reject filter coupling the second radio with the radio frequency switch.

[0196] In Example 81a, the subject matter of Example 79a or 80a can optionally include the RF switch being configured to: couple the first radio to at least one shared antenna; couple the second radio to at least one shared antenna; couple each of the first radio and the second radio to at least one shared antenna; and not couple either of the first radio and the second radio to at least one shared antenna.

[0197] In Example 82a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 57a to 81a may optionally include the mobile communication device being a laptop computer or a smart phone.

[0198] In Example 83a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 57a to 82a may optionally include the out-of-band frequency being outside the first frequency band and the second frequency band.

[0199] In Example 84a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 57a to 83a may optionally include the out-of-band frequency being outside at least one of the first frequency band and the second frequency band.

[0200] In Example 85a, the subject matter of any one of Examples 57a to 84a may optionally include the out-of-band frequency being outside an overlapping frequency band of the first frequency band and the second frequency band.

[0201] Example 1b is a communication device having a processor configured to: generate a hash key; send the hash key to a terminal communication device using a Class 2 message in a cellular wireless wide area network (WWAN); receive a confirmation message from the terminal communication device; and after receiving the confirmation message, provide the communication device with access to a physical memory of the terminal communication device, for example, using the physical memory of the terminal communication device to generate a virtual memory for the communication device. For example, the cellular WWAN can be a 3GPP WWAN.

[0202] In Example 2b, the subject matter of Example 1b may optionally include that the communication device further includes a memory having instructions stored therein, which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to implement the features of Example 1b.

[0203] In Example 3b, the subject matter of Example 1b or 2b can optionally include the hash key being a unique hash key in at least a portion of the 3GPP wireless wide area network.

[0204] In Example 4b, the subject matter of any of Examples 1b to 3b may optionally include the hash key being based on personal user information.

[0205] In Example 5b, subject Example 4b may optionally include that personal user information includes at least one of a password, a gesture, a face print, and a fingerprint.

[0206] In Example 6b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1b to 5b may optionally include generating the hash key in the software application.

[0207] In Example 7b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1b to 6b may optionally include that the Class 2 message is a Class 2 Short Message Service (SMS) message.

[0208] In Example 8b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1b to 7b may optionally include the communication device sending the Class 2 message via the wireless wide area communication network.

[0209] In Example 9b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1b to 8b may optionally include the 3GPP wireless wide area network being one of a 3G, 4G, 5G, or 6G communication network.

[0210] In Example 10b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1b to 9b may optionally include access (eg, virtual memory) being generated in a software application of the communication device.

[0211] Example 11b is a communication device having a processor configured to: receive a Class 2 message in a cellular wireless wide area network from a terminal communication device in a low power mode, the Class 2 message including a hash key, the low power mode including a first number of active antennas of the communication device; verify the hash key; after verifying the hash key, activate an active mode of the communication device, the active mode including a second number of active antennas of the communication device, wherein the second number is greater than the first number; and send a confirmation message to the terminal communication device to allow access to be generated for the terminal communication device using a physical memory of the communication device, for example, a virtual memory.

[0212] In Example 12b, the subject matter of Example 11b can optionally include that the communication device further includes a memory having instructions stored therein, which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to implement the features of Example 11b.

[0213] In Example 13b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 12b may optionally include the hash key being a unique hash key in at least a portion of the 3GPP wireless wide area network.

[0214] In Example 14b, the subject matter of any of Examples 11b to 13b may optionally include the hash key being based on personal user information.

[0215] In Example 15b, the subject matter of Example 14b may optionally include that the personal user information includes at least one of a password, a gesture, a faceprint, and a fingerprint.

[0216] In Example 16b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 15b may optionally include the hash key being generated in the software application, and the terminal communication device logging into the software application before or after the terminal communication device submits the confirmation message.

[0217] In Example 17b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 16b may optionally include the software application of the terminal communication device generating access, for example, to the virtual memory in the software application of the terminal communication device.

[0218] In Example 18b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 17b may optionally include that the Class 2 message is a Class 2 Short Message Service (SMS) message.

[0219] In Example 19b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 18b may optionally include the communication device receiving the Class 2 short message via the wireless wide area communication network.

[0220] In Example 20b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 19b may optionally include the 3GPP wireless wide area network being one of a 3G, 4G, 5G, or 6G communication network.

[0221] In Example 21b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 20b may optionally include the processor being at least one of an embedded controller and a board management controller.

[0222] In Example 22b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 21b can optionally include that the processor is a microcontroller.

[0223] In Example 23b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 22b may optionally include the processor being configured for at least one of power sequencing, reset sequencing, thermal management, debug interface, and firmware loading of the communication device.

[0224] In Example 24b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 23b may optionally include that the antennas in the first number of active antennas include one or more main antennas of the communication device.

[0225] In Example 25b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 24b may optionally include routing data between the communication device and the terminal communication device using a WiFi link if the communication device is located at a home location.

[0226] In Example 26b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 25b may optionally include the communication device comprising a screen that is turned off in the low power mode.

[0227] In Example 27b, the subject matter of Example 26b can optionally include the screen being turned off in active mode.

[0228] In Example 28b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 27b may optionally include that the low power mode comprises a sleep state or a connected standby state.

[0229] In Example 29b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 28b may optionally include that the low power mode comprises a sleep state, an airplane mode state, or a power off state.

[0230] In Example 30b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 11b to 29b may optionally include prior to entering the low power mode, the number of active antennas of the communication device being reduced to primary antennas.

[0231] Example 31b is a communication device comprising: a device for generating a hash key in a first communication device; a device for transmitting the hash key to a second communication device using a Class 2 message in a cellular wireless wide area network; a device for verifying the hash key in the second communication device; a device for confirming the verified hash key to the first communication device; and a device for upgrading the number of active antennas in the second communication device; a device for generating access for the first communication device using a physical memory provided by the second communication device, for example, generating a virtual memory for the first communication device using the physical memory provided by the second communication device.

[0232] In Example 32b, the subject matter of Example 31b can optionally include the hash key being a unique hash key in at least a portion of the 3GPP wireless wide area network.

[0233] In Example 33b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31b to 32b may optionally include the hash key being based on personal user information.

[0234] In Example 34b, the subject matter of Example 33b may optionally include that the personal user information includes at least one of a password, a gesture, a faceprint, and a fingerprint.

[0235] In Example 35b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31b to 34b may optionally include the hash key being generated in the software application, and the terminal communication device logging into the software application before or after the terminal communication device submits the confirmation message.

[0236] In Example 36b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31b to 35b may optionally include the software application of the terminal communication device generating access to, for example, the virtual memory in the software application of the terminal communication device.

[0237] In Example 37b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31b to 36b may optionally include that the Class 2 message is a Class 2 Short Message Service (SMS) message.

[0238] In Example 38b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31b to 32b may optionally include the first communication device sending the Class 2 message via the wireless wide area communication network, and the second communication device receiving the Class 2 message via the wireless wide area communication network.

[0239] In Example 39b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31b to 38b may optionally include the 3GPP wireless wide area network being one of a 3G, 4G, 5G, or 6G communication network.

[0240] In Example 40b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31b to 39b may optionally include the second communication device comprising at least one of an embedded controller and a board management controller.

[0241] In Example 41b, the subject matter of Example 40b can optionally include the controller being a microcontroller.

[0242] In Example 42b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 40b to 41b may optionally include the controller being configured for at least one of the functions of power sequencing, reset sequencing, thermal management, debug interface, and firmware loading of the communication device.

[0243] In Example 43b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31b to 42b may optionally include antennas in the first number of active antennas comprising one or more main antennas of the communication device.

[0244] In Example 44b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31b to 43b may optionally include routing data between the first communication device and the second communication device using a WiFi link if the communication devices are located at a home location.

[0245] In Example 45b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31b to 44b may optionally include the second communication device comprising a screen, and the screen being turned off in the low power mode.

[0246] In Example 46b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31b to 45b may optionally include access to the memory of the second communication device being provided to the first communication device as a virtual memory generated in a software application of the first communication device.

[0247] In Example 47b, the subject matter of any of Examples 31b to 46b may optionally include: when receiving a Class 2 message, the second communication device is in a low power mode, wherein the low power mode includes a first number of active antennas, and after verifying the unique hash key, the second communication device is in an active mode, wherein the active mode includes a second number of active antennas greater than the first number.

[0248] In Example 48b, the subject matter of Example 47b may optionally include that the low power mode includes a sleep state or a connected standby state.

[0249] In Example 49b, the subject matter of any of Examples 47b or 48b may optionally include that the low power mode includes a sleep state, an airplane mode state, or a powered off state.

[0250] In Example 50b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 47b to 49b may optionally include before entering the low power mode, the second communication device reducing the number of active antennas to primary antennas.

[0251] In Example 51b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 47b to 50b may optionally include the second communication device comprising a display device, eg, a screen, that is turned off in the low power mode.

[0252] In Example 52b, the subject matter of Example 51b may optionally include the display device being turned off in the active mode.

[0253] In Example 53b, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31b to 52b may optionally include the hash key being generated in software applications installed on the first communication device and the second communication device, respectively.

[0254] Example 1c is a wireless communication device configured to: determine the quality of a first wireless communication link between another communication device and a radio network; when the quality of the determined first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold, provide a second wireless communication link between the other communication device and the communication device; and establish a third wireless communication link between the communication device and the radio network or another radio network, thereby establishing a communication connection between the other communication device and the radio network or another radio network; the communication connection includes the second wireless communication link and the third wireless communication link.

[0255] In Example 2c, the subject matter of Example 1c can optionally include that the radio network is a WiFi network.

[0256] In Example 3c, the subject matter of Example 1c or 2c may optionally include that the communication device is further configured to establish a third communication link between the communication device and the radio network and a fourth communication link between the communication device and another radio network. The other radio network may be isolated from the radio network. The communication connection may include the second wireless communication link and the fourth wireless communication link.

[0257] In Example 4c, the subject matter of Example 3c can optionally include that the radio network is a WiFi network and the other radio network is a cellular wireless wide area network (WWAN). The cellular WWAN can be a 3GPP network, for example, a 4G, 5G, or 6G network.

[0258] In Example 5c, the subject matter of Example 1c or 4c may optionally include that the communication device is further configured to: determine a third quality of the third communication link and a fourth quality of the fourth communication link, compare the third quality with the fourth quality, and determine the communication link with a higher quality value between the third communication link and the fourth communication link. The communication connection may include the second wireless communication link and the communication link with a higher quality value between the third communication link and the fourth communication link.

[0259] In Example 6c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 5c may optionally include that the quality of the first wireless communication link is a first quality, and the communication device is further configured to: determine a third quality of the third communication link, compare the first quality with the third quality, and determine a communication link with a higher quality value between the first communication link and the third communication link. If the first quality is equal to or higher than the third quality, the other communication device may not provide the second communication link.

[0260] In Example 7c, the subject matter of Example 6c can optionally include the communication device being further configured to provide the second communication link if the third quality is higher than the first quality.

[0261] In Example 8c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 5c to 7c may optionally include the communication device being further configured to: select a network corresponding to a communication link having a higher quality value among the radio network and the other radio network to pass communication of the other communication device via the second communication link.

[0262] In Example 9c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 5c to 8c can optionally include the communication device being further configured to provide the second communication link if any one of the third quality and the fourth quality is higher than the first quality.

[0263] In Example 10c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 3c to 9c may optionally include if the second wireless communication link is formed, the communication device passing the communication from the other communication device to a network corresponding to the communication link having a higher quality.

[0264] In Example 11c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 3c to 10c may optionally include if the second wireless communication link is formed, the communication device passing the communication from the other communication device to the other radio network via a fourth communication link.

[0265] In Example 12c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 3c to 11c may optionally include if the second wireless communication link is formed, the communication device passing the communication from the other communication device to the radio network via the third communication link.

[0266] In Example 13c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 12c may optionally include the radio network being a broadcast network.

[0267] In Example 14c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 12c may optionally include the radio network being a first WiFi network having a first SSID, and the other network being a second WiFi network having a second SSID different from the first SSID.

[0268] In Example 15c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 14c may optionally include the second wireless communication link being a directional communication link.

[0269] In Example 16c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 14c may optionally include the second wireless communication link being one of a WiFi link or a Bluetooth link.

[0270] In Example 17c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 16c can optionally include that the other communication device is a laptop or a personal computer.

[0271] In Example 18c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 17c can optionally include the communication device being a smartphone, a tablet, a phone, or a laptop.

[0272] In Example 19c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 18c may optionally include the communication device being configured to determine the quality of the first wireless communication link at a predetermined frequency.

[0273] In Example 20c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 19c may optionally include if the quality of the first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold, the communication device being configured to increase the frequency of determining the quality of the first wireless communication link from a first frequency value to a second frequency value.

[0274] In Example 21c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 20c may optionally include if another communication device does not establish a second wireless communication link within a predetermined time period after the quality of the first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold, the communication device is configured to reduce the frequency of determining the quality of the first wireless communication link from the second frequency value to the first frequency value.

[0275] In Example 22c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 21c may optionally include the communication device being configured to establish a second wireless communication link if the quality of the first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold.

[0276] In Example 23c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 22c may optionally include the communication device being configured to determine the quality of the first wireless communication link using a received signal strength indication (RSSI) value of the first wireless communication link.

[0277] In Example 24c, the subject matter of Example 23c can optionally include the radio network providing the RSSI value of the first wireless communication link to the communication device.

[0278] In Example 25c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 24c may optionally further include at least one third communication device communicatively coupled to the radio network and the communication device.

[0279] In Example 26c, the subject matter of Example 25c can optionally include the third communication device being communicatively coupled to the other communication device and the communication device via a Bluetooth connection.

[0280] In Example 27c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 25c to 26c may optionally include the third communication device providing, to the communication device, an RSSI value of its wireless communication link with the radio network.

[0281] In Example 28c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 25c to 27c may optionally include the third communication device providing, to the communication device, a quality of its wireless communication link with the radio network using a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) socket.

[0282] In Example 29c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1c to 28c may optionally include that the communication device further includes a processor configured to compare the quality of the first communication link with the quality of the third communication link and establish the second communication link based on a result of the comparison.

[0283] In Example 30c, the subject matter of Example 29c can optionally include the communication device further comprising a memory having instructions stored therein, which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the process of Example 29c.

[0284] Example 31c is a wireless communication system, comprising: a first wireless communication device, configured to establish a first wireless communication link between the first wireless communication device and a first radio network, and to establish a second wireless communication link between the first wireless communication device and a second communication device; and a second wireless communication device, configured to establish a third wireless communication link between the second wireless communication device and the first radio network or the second network, and to provide a second wireless communication link between the second wireless communication device and the first communication device, wherein the second wireless communication device is configured to determine the quality of the first wireless communication link, and to provide the second wireless communication link when the quality of the determined first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold, thereby establishing a communication connection between the first wireless communication device and the first radio network or the second radio network; the communication connection includes the second wireless communication link and the third wireless communication link.

[0285] In Example 32c, the subject matter of Example 31c can optionally include the first radio network being a WiFi network.

[0286] In Example 33c, the subject matter of Example 31c or 32c may optionally include that the second wireless communication device is further configured to establish a third communication link between the communication device and the radio network and a fourth communication link between the communication device and another radio network. The second radio network may be isolated from the first radio network. The communication connection may include the second wireless communication link and the fourth wireless communication link.

[0287] In Example 34c, the subject matter of Example 33c can optionally include that the first radio network is a WiFi network and the second radio network is a cellular wireless wide area network (WWAN). The cellular WWAN can be a 3GPP network, for example, a 4G, 5G, or 6G network.

[0288] In Example 35c, the subject matter of Example 33c or 34c may optionally include the second wireless communication device being further configured to: determine a third quality of the third communication link and a fourth quality of the fourth communication link, compare the third quality with the fourth quality, and determine the communication link with a higher quality value among the third communication link and the fourth communication link. The communication connection may include the second wireless communication link and the communication link with a higher quality value among the third communication link and the fourth communication link.

[0289] In Example 36c, the subject matter of Example 35c may optionally include that the quality of the first wireless communication link is the first quality, and the second wireless communication device is further configured to: determine a third quality of the third communication link, compare the first quality with the third quality, and determine a communication link with a higher quality value between the first communication link and the third communication link. If the first quality is equal to or higher than the third quality, the second wireless communication device may not provide the second communication link.

[0290] In Example 37c, the subject matter of Example 35c can optionally include the second wireless communication device being further configured to provide the second communication link if the third quality is higher than the first quality.

[0291] In Example 38c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 35c to 37c may optionally include the second wireless communication device being further configured to: select a network among the first radio network and the second radio network corresponding to a communication link having a higher quality value to transmit the communication of the first wireless communication device via the second communication link.

[0292] In Example 39c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 35c to 38c may optionally include the second wireless communication device being further configured to provide the second communication link if any one of the third quality and the fourth quality is higher than the first quality.

[0293] In Example 40c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 33c to 39c may optionally include if the second wireless communication link is formed, the second wireless communication device passing the communication from the first wireless communication device to a network corresponding to the communication link having a higher quality.

[0294] In Example 41c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 33c to 40c may optionally include if the second wireless communication link is formed, the second wireless communication device passing the communication from the first wireless communication device to the second radio network via a fourth communication link.

[0295] In Example 42c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 33c to 41c may optionally include if the second wireless communication link is formed, the second wireless communication device passing the communication from the first wireless communication device to the first radio network via the third communication link.

[0296] In Example 43c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 42c may optionally include the first radio network being a broadcast network.

[0297] In Example 44c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 42c can optionally include the first radio network being a first WiFi network having a first SSID, and the other network being a second WiFi network having a second SSID different from the first SSID.

[0298] In Example 45c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 44c may optionally include the second wireless communication link being a directional communication link.

[0299] In Example 46c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 44c may optionally include the second wireless communication link being one of a WiFi link or a Bluetooth link.

[0300] In Example 47c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 46c may optionally include the first wireless communication device being a laptop computer or a personal computer.

[0301] In Example 48c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 47c may optionally include the second wireless communication device being a smartphone, a tablet, a phone, or a laptop.

[0302] In Example 49c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 48c may optionally include the second wireless communication device being configured to determine the quality of the first wireless communication link at a predetermined frequency.

[0303] In Example 50c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 49c may optionally include if the quality of the first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold, the second wireless communication device increasing the frequency of determining the quality of the first wireless communication link from a first frequency value to a second frequency value.

[0304] In Example 51c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 50c may optionally include if the first wireless communication device does not establish a second wireless communication link within a predetermined time period after the quality of the first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold, the second wireless communication device reducing the frequency of determining the quality of the first wireless communication link from the second frequency value to the first frequency value.

[0305] In Example 52c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 51c may optionally include the second wireless communication device establishing a second wireless communication link if the quality of the first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold.

[0306] In Example 53c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 52c may optionally include the quality of the first wireless communication link being determined using a received signal strength indication (RSSI) value of the first wireless communication link.

[0307] In Example 54c, the subject matter of Example 53c can optionally include the first radio network providing the RSSI value of the first wireless communication link to the second communication device.

[0308] In Example 55c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 54c may optionally further include at least one third communication device communicatively coupled to the first radio network and the second communication device.

[0309] In Example 56c, the subject matter of Example 55c can optionally include the third communication device being communicatively coupled to the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device via a Bluetooth connection.

[0310] In Example 57c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 55c to 56c may optionally include the third communication device providing an RSSI value of its wireless communication link with the first radio network to the second communication device.

[0311] In Example 58c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 55c to 57c may optionally include the third communication device providing, to the second wireless communication device, a quality of its wireless communication link with the first radio network using a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) socket.

[0312] In Example 59c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 58c may optionally include the second wireless communication device further comprising a processor configured to compare the quality of the first communication link with the quality of the third communication link and establish the second communication link based on a result of the comparison.

[0313] In Example 60c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 31c to 58c may optionally include that the second wireless communication device also includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to compare the quality of the first communication link with the quality of the third communication link and establish a second communication link based on the comparison result.

[0314] Example 61c is a wireless communication device, comprising: a first communication device, used to establish a first wireless communication connection between the first communication device and a first radio network, and to establish a second wireless communication connection between the first communication device and a second communication device; and a second communication device, used to establish a third wireless communication link between the second communication device and the first radio network or the second network, and to provide a second wireless communication link between the second communication device and the first communication device, wherein the second communication device is also used to determine the quality of the first wireless communication link, and to provide a second wireless communication link when the determined quality of the first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold, thereby establishing a communication connection between the first communication device and the first radio network or the second radio network; the communication connection includes the second wireless communication link and the third wireless communication link.

[0315] In Example 62c, the subject matter of Example 61c can optionally include the first radio network being a WiFi network.

[0316] In Example 63c, the subject matter of Example 61c or 62c may optionally include that the second communication device is further configured to establish a third communication link between the second communication device and the first radio network and a fourth communication link between the second communication device and the second radio network. The second radio network may be isolated from the first radio network. The communication connection may include the second wireless communication link and the fourth wireless communication link.

[0317] In Example 64c, the subject matter of Example 63c can optionally include the first radio network being a WiFi network and the second radio network being a cellular wireless wide area network (WWAN). The cellular WWAN can be a 3GPP network, for example, a 4G, 5G, or 6G network.

[0318] In Example 65c, the subject matter of Example 63c or 64c may optionally include the second communication device being further configured to: determine a third quality of the third communication link and a fourth quality of the fourth communication link, compare the third quality with the fourth quality, and determine the communication link with a higher quality value between the third communication link and the fourth communication link. The communication connection may include the second wireless communication link and the communication link with a higher quality value between the third communication link and the fourth communication link.

[0319] In Example 66c, the subject matter of Example 65c may optionally include that the quality of the first wireless communication link is the first quality, and the second communication device is further configured to: determine a third quality of the third communication link, compare the first quality with the third quality, and determine the communication link with a higher quality value between the first communication link and the third communication link. If the first quality is equal to or higher than the third quality, the other communication device may not provide the second communication link.

[0320] In Example 67c, the subject matter of Example 65c can optionally include the second communication device being further configured to provide the second communication link if the third quality is higher than the first quality.

[0321] In Example 68c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 65c to 67c may optionally include the second communication device being further configured to: select a network of the first radio network and the second radio network corresponding to a communication link having a higher quality value to deliver the communication of the first communication device via the second communication link.

[0322] In Example 69c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 65c to 68c may optionally include the second communication device being further configured to provide the second communication link if any one of the third quality and the fourth quality is higher than the first quality.

[0323] In Example 70c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 63c to 69c may optionally include if the second wireless communication link is formed, the second communication device passing the communication from the first communication device to a network corresponding to the communication link having a higher quality.

[0324] In Example 71c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 63c to 70c may optionally include if the second wireless communication link is formed, the second communication device passing the communication from the first communication device to the second radio network via the fourth communication link.

[0325] In Example 72c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 63c to 71c may optionally include if the second wireless communication link is formed, the second communication device passing the communication from the first communication device to the first radio network via the third communication link.

[0326] In Example 73c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 72c may optionally include the first radio network being a broadcast network.

[0327] In Example 74c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 72c can optionally include the first radio network being a first WiFi network having a first SSID, and the other network being a second WiFi network having a second SSID different from the first SSID.

[0328] In Example 75c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 74c may optionally include the second wireless communication link being a directional communication link.

[0329] In Example 76c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 74c may optionally include the second wireless communication link being one of a WiFi link or a Bluetooth link.

[0330] In Example 77c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 76c may optionally include the first communication device being a laptop or a personal computer.

[0331] In Example 78c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 77c may optionally include the second communication device being a smartphone, a tablet, a phone, or a laptop.

[0332] In Example 79c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 78c may optionally include the second communication device being configured to determine the quality of the first wireless communication link at a predetermined frequency.

[0333] In Example 80c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 79c may optionally include if the quality of the first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold, the second communication device increasing the frequency of determining the quality of the first wireless communication link from a first frequency value to a second frequency value.

[0334] In Example 81c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 80c may optionally include if the first communication device does not establish a second wireless communication link within a predetermined time period after the quality of the first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold, the second communication device reducing the frequency of determining the quality of the first wireless communication link from the second frequency value to the first frequency value.

[0335] In Example 82c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 81c may optionally include the second communication device establishing a second wireless communication link if the quality of the first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold.

[0336] In Example 83c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 82c may optionally include the quality of the first wireless communication link being determined using a received signal strength indication (RSSI) value of the first wireless communication link.

[0337] In Example 84c, the subject matter of Example 63c may optionally include the first radio network providing the RSSI value of the first wireless communication link to the second communication device.

[0338] In Example 85c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 84c may further optionally include at least one third communication device communicatively coupled to the first radio network and the second communication device.

[0339] In Example 86c, the subject matter of Example 85c may optionally include the third communication device communicatively coupling the first communication device and the second communication device via a Bluetooth connection.

[0340] In Example 87c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 85c to 86c may optionally include the third communication device providing an RSSI value of its wireless communication link with the first radio network to the second communication device.

[0341] In Example 88c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 85c to 87c may optionally include the third communication device providing, to the second communication device, a quality of its wireless communication link with the first radio network using a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) socket.

[0342] In Example 89c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 88c may optionally include that the second communication device further includes a processor configured to compare the quality of the first communication link with the quality of the third communication link and establish the second communication link based on a result of the comparison.

[0343] In Example 90c, the subject matter of any one of Examples 61c to 88c may optionally include that the second communication device also includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to compare the quality of the first communication link with the quality of the third communication link and establish a second communication link based on the comparison result.

[0344] Example 1d is a communication device including one or more of the subject matter of any of Examples 1a to 85a, 1b to 53b, and 1c to 90c.

[0345] In Example 2d, the subject matter of Example 1d may optionally include a mobile communication device comprising: a first radio configured to process a first signal in a first frequency band, and a second radio configured to process a second signal in a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band and the second frequency band at least partially overlap; and an antenna multiplexer circuit coupled to the first radio and the second radio and comprising at least one shared antenna to transmit the first signal and the second signal, and the antenna multiplexer circuit further comprising a combining circuit coupling the first radio and the second radio with the shared antenna, wherein the combining circuit comprises at least one bulk acoustic wave filter, the bulk acoustic wave filter being configured as a band rejection filter, the band rejection filter having an attenuation slope at a cutoff frequency having a magnitude of at least about 0.15 dB / MHz, for example, -15 dB / 100 MHz.

[0346] In Example 3d, the subject matter of Example 2d can optionally include the first radio being a WiFi radio and the second radio being a 5G radio.

[0347] In Example 4d, the subject matter of any one of Examples 2d to 3d may optionally include that the first frequency band and the second frequency band each include one or more frequency bands within a range of about 2.4 GHz to about 7 GHz.

[0348] In Example 5d, the subject matter of any of Examples 2d to 4d can optionally include the combining circuit comprising a quadplexer comprising an antenna port coupled to the shared antenna, a first radio port coupled to the first radio, and a second radio port coupled to the second radio.

[0349] In Example 6d, the subject matter of any one of Examples 2d to 5d can optionally include the combination circuit comprising a first duplexer coupling the first shared antenna to the first radio and the second radio and a second duplexer coupling the second shared antenna to the first radio and the second radio.

[0350] In Example 7d, the subject matter of Example 6d can optionally include each of the first duplexer and the second duplexer including at least one bulk acoustic wave filter, the bulk acoustic wave filter being configured as a band rejection filter, the band rejection filter having an attenuation slope at a cutoff frequency having a magnitude of at least about 0.15 dB / MHz, for example, -15 dB / 100 MHz.

[0351] In Example 8d, the subject matter of any one of Examples 6d to 7d may optionally include the first duplexer including a bandpass filter and a bandstop filter, wherein the bandstop filter is configured to allow signals having frequencies other than a predetermined frequency band to pass through, and the bandpass filter is configured to allow signals having a predetermined frequency band to pass through.

[0352] In Example 9d, the subject matter of any of Examples 2d to 8d may optionally further include a coexistence management circuit, wherein the combination circuit includes an RF switch coupled to each of the at least one antenna, the first radio, the second radio, and the coexistence management circuit, wherein the coexistence management circuit is configured to control the RF switch based on the frequencies of the first signal and the second signal.

[0353] In Example 10d, the subject matter of Example 9d can optionally include a first band reject filter coupling the first radio to the radio frequency switch and a second band reject filter coupling the second radio to the radio frequency switch.

[0354] In Example 11d, the subject matter of Example 9d or 10d can optionally include the RF switch being configured to: couple the first radio to at least one shared antenna; couple the second radio to at least one shared antenna; couple each of the first radio and the second radio to at least one shared antenna; and not couple either of the first radio and the second radio to at least one shared antenna.

[0355] In example 12d, the subject matter of any one of examples 2d to 11d may optionally further include a processor configured to: generate a hash key; send the hash key to a terminal communication device using a Class 2 message in a cellular wireless wide area network (WWAN); receive a confirmation message from the terminal communication device; and after receiving the confirmation message, provide the communication device with access to a physical memory of the terminal communication device, for example, using the physical memory of the terminal communication device to generate a virtual memory for the communication device. For example, the cellular WWAN may be a 3GPP WWAN.

[0356] In Example 13d, the subject matter of any one of Examples 2d to 12d may optionally also include a processor configured to: receive a Class 2 message in a 3GPP wireless wide area network from a terminal communication device in a low power mode, the Class 2 message including a hash key, the low power mode including a first number of active antennas of the communication device; verify the hash key; after verifying the hash key, activate an active mode of the communication device, the active mode including a second number of active antennas of the communication device, wherein the second number is greater than the first number; send a confirmation message to the terminal communication device to allow generation of access to a physical memory of the communication device, for example, using the physical memory of the communication device to generate a virtual memory for the terminal communication device.

[0357] In Example 14d, the subject matter of any one of Examples 12d to 13d may optionally further include the communication device sending the Class 2 message via the wireless wide area communication network.

[0358] In Example 15d, the subject matter of any one of Examples 12d to 14d may optionally also include the 3GPP wireless wide area network being one of a 3G, 4G, 5G, or 6G communication network.

[0359] In Example 16d, the subject matter of any one of Examples 2d to 15d may optionally be further configured to: determine the quality of a first wireless communication link between another communication device and a radio network; when the quality of the determined first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold, provide a second wireless communication link between the other communication device and the communication device; and establish a third wireless communication link between the communication device and the radio network or another radio network, thereby establishing a communication connection between the other communication device and the radio network or another radio network; the communication connection includes the second wireless communication link and the third wireless communication link.

[0360] In Example 17d, the subject matter of any one of Examples 2d to 16d may further optionally include that the first radio network is a WiFi radio and the second radio is a cellular wireless wide area network (WWAN). The cellular WWAN may be a 3GPP network, such as a 4G, 5G, or 6G network.

[0361] In Example 18d, the subject matter of any one of Examples 2d to 17d can optionally include that the mobile communication device is a laptop computer or a smart phone.

[0362] Although the present invention has been specifically shown and described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is indicated by the appended claims, and therefore it is intended to cover all changes within the equivalent meaning and scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A mobile communication device, comprising: a first radio configured to process a first signal in a first frequency band; a second radio configured to process a second signal in a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band and the second frequency band at least partially overlap; and an antenna duplexer circuit coupled to the first radio and the second radio, the antenna duplexer circuit comprising: at least one shared antenna for transmitting the first signal and the second signal; and a combining circuit coupling the first radio and the second radio to the shared antenna, wherein the combining circuit includes at least one BAW filter configured as a band reject filter having an attenuation slope of at least about 0.15 dB / MHz at a cutoff frequency.

2. The mobile communication device according to claim 1, wherein: The first radio is a WiFi radio and the second radio is a 5G radio.

3. The mobile communication device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein: The first frequency band and the second frequency band respectively include one or more frequency bands ranging from about 2.4 GHz to about 7 GHz.

4. The mobile communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The combining circuit includes a quadplexer including an antenna port coupled to the shared antenna, a first radio port coupled to the first radio, and a second radio port coupled to the second radio.

5. The mobile communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The combining circuit includes a first duplexer coupling a first shared antenna to the first radio and the second radio, and a second duplexer coupling a second shared antenna to the first radio and the second radio.

6. The mobile communication device according to claim 5, wherein: Each of the first duplexer and the second duplexer includes at least one BAW filter configured as a band reject filter having an attenuation slope having a magnitude of at least about 0.15 dB / MHz at the cutoff frequency.

7. The mobile communication device according to any one of claims 5 or 6, wherein: The first duplexer includes a band pass filter and a band stop filter, wherein the band stop filter is configured to allow signals having frequencies other than a predetermined frequency band to pass therethrough, and the band pass filter is configured to allow signals having the predetermined frequency band to pass therethrough.

8. The mobile communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a coexistence management circuit, wherein: The combination circuit includes a radio frequency switch coupled to each of the at least one antenna, the first radio, the second radio, and the coexistence management circuit, wherein the coexistence management circuit is configured to control the radio frequency switch based on frequencies of the first signal and the second signal.

9. The mobile communication device according to claim 8, comprising: A first band reject filter couples the first radio to the radio frequency switch, and a second band reject filter couples the second radio to the radio frequency switch.

10. The mobile communication device according to any one of claims 8 or 9, wherein: The RF switch is configured as: coupling the first radio to the at least one shared antenna; coupling the second radio to the at least one shared antenna; coupling each of the first radio and the second radio to the at least one shared antenna; as well as Neither the first radio nor the second radio is coupled to the at least one shared antenna.

11. The mobile communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a processor, wherein the processor is configured to: generate a hash key; send the hash key to a terminal communication device using a Class 2 message in a cellular wireless wide area network (WWAN); receive a confirmation message from the terminal communication device; and after receiving the confirmation message, provide the communication device with access to a physical memory of the terminal communication device.

12. The mobile communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a processor, the processor being configured to: receive a Class 2 message in a 3GPP wireless wide area network from a terminal communication device in a low power mode, the Class 2 message comprising a hash key, the low power mode comprising a first number of active antennas of the communication device; verifying the hash key; After verifying the hash key, activating an active mode of the communication device, the active mode comprising a second number of active antennas of the communication device, wherein the second number is greater than the first number; A confirmation message is sent to the terminal communication device to allow the terminal communication device to be provided with access to the physical memory of the communication device.

13. The mobile communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 12 is also configured to: determine the quality of a first wireless communication link between another communication device and a radio network; when the determined quality of the first wireless communication link drops below a predetermined threshold, provide a second wireless communication link between the other communication device and the communication device; and establish a third wireless communication link between the communication device and the radio network or another radio network, thereby establishing a communication connection between the other communication device and the radio network or another radio network; the communication connection includes the second wireless communication link and the third wireless communication link.

14. A communication device, comprising: means for generating a hash key in the first communication device; means for transmitting the hash key to a second communication device using a type 2 message in a cellular wireless wide area network; means for verifying the hash key in the second communication device; means for confirming the verified hash key to the first communication device; and means for upgrading the number of active antennas in said second communication device; Means for generating, for the first communication device, access to use physical memory provided by the second communication device.

15. The communication device according to claim 14, wherein: The hash key is a unique hash key in at least part of the 3GPP wireless wide area network.

16. The communication device according to any one of claims 14 or 15, wherein: The hash key is based on personal user information.

17. The communication device according to claim 16, wherein: The personal user information includes at least one of a password, a gesture, a face print, and a fingerprint.

18. The communication device according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein: The hash key is generated in a software application, and the terminal communication device logs into the software application before or after the terminal communication device submits the confirmation message.

19. The communication device according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein: The software application of the terminal communication device generates the access in the software application of the terminal communication device.

20. The communication device according to any one of claims 14 to 19, wherein: The Class 2 message is a Class 2 Short Message Service (SMS) message.

21. The communication device according to any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein: The first communication device is configured to send the type 2 message via a wireless wide area communication network, and the second communication device is configured to receive the type 2 message via the wireless wide area communication network.

22. The communication device according to any one of claims 14 to 21, wherein: The antennas in the first number of active antennas include one or more primary antennas of the communication device.

23. The communication device according to any one of claims 14 to 22, wherein: If the communication devices are located in a home location, data is routed between the first communication device and the second communication device using a WiFi link.

24. The communication device according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein: Access to the memory of the second communication device is provided to the first communication device as a virtual memory generated in a software application of the first communication device.

25. The communication device according to any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein: Upon receiving the Class 2 message, the second communication device is in a low power mode, wherein the low power mode includes a first number of active antennas, and after verifying the unique hash key, the second communication device is in an active mode, wherein the active mode includes a second number of active antennas greater than the first number.

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