Tilapia mossambica bionic roe and application thereof
Bionic fish eggs prepared by embedding dimethyl dithiophosphate by sodium alginate and protamine sulfate, the hazards of tilapia to the landscape water ecosystem were solved, and the efficient and low-toxic tilapia killing effect was achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411971793.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-16
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology is difficult to effectively control the harm of tilapia to landscape water ecosystems, and physical fishing cannot cure the problems of fast reproduction and strong adaptability. At the same time, chemical drugs also have risks of harm and resistance to other organisms in landscape water environments.
Bionic fish eggs are prepared by embedding dimethyldithiophosphate with sodium alginate and protamine sulfate. During the tilapia breeding season, the bionic fish eggs are sprinkled to their nests. After swallowing them, the tilapia dies quickly to prevent the fertilized eggs from hatching.
It has achieved efficient killing of tilapia, with a mortality rate of 80%, quick effect and little impact on landscape water bodies and other organisms. It can effectively control the number of tilapia within 3-5 days.
Smart Images
Figure CN119999698A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of water body ecological restoration, and more specifically, relates to a tilapia bionic fish egg and its application. Background Art
[0002] Aquatic plants such as emergent plants and submerged plants play an important role in beautifying the landscape, inhibiting algae growth, improving the water ecological environment, and enhancing the self-purification capacity of landscape water. Tilapia is an alien species from Africa with strong reproductive capacity. Once it invades, it will devour aquatic plants. If it is not thoroughly disinfected, the function of the landscape water ecosystem will decline sharply.
[0003] Currently, there are many measures such as physical fishing, chemical poisoning and biological methods to control the number of tilapia. For example, the Chinese patent (application number: 2023113519650) discloses an efficient capture device for Tilapia chinensis. By luring with bait, limiting the flexible sheet and limiting the side door, a large number of Tilapia chinensis are concentrated in the lower part of the pocket, which can achieve more efficient trapping of Tilapia chinensis. However, this method is only effective for some tilapia that are larger than the mesh. Due to the strong adaptability and fast reproduction rate of tilapia (tilapia spawns many times a year, and a female fish lays 1,000 to 6,000 eggs at a time), physical fishing cannot completely cure the harm of tilapia to the landscape water ecosystem. In addition, the dorsal and pelvic fins of tilapia have spines, and they have strong defense and environmental adaptability. Usually, carnivorous fish will give priority to killing other fish in the landscape water environment other than tilapia, which will cause great harm to other fish in the landscape water environment. Therefore, the method of adding carnivorous fish to control tilapia is very ineffective.
[0004] There is a document reporting a specific killing drug for tilapia called "Miefeiling" (Gu Dang'en, Yu Fandong, Yang Yexin, etc. The killing effect of "Miefeiling" on the alien species Nile tilapia in ornamental fish breeding ponds [J]. Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(10): 2985-2988.), the main component of "Miefeiling" is dimethyl dithiophosphate. Miefeiling with dimethyl dithiophosphate as the main component is expensive, the dosage is small, and the effect is not obvious at low concentration. If the dosage is increased, it will harm other aquatic organisms in the landscape water environment and easily make tilapia resistant to drugs. Summary of the invention
[0005] The invention aims to provide a bionic fish egg which has low use cost and high efficiency and can kill both adult tilapia and fry at the same time.
[0006] The first object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing bionic fish eggs.
[0007] The second object of the present invention is to provide bionic fish eggs prepared by the above preparation method and applications thereof.
[0008] The third object of the present invention is to provide a method for poisoning tilapia.
[0009] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0010] The invention utilizes the habit of tilapia to defend its territory and not allow other fish to approach when building nests and laying eggs in shallow waters with sand and silt. Female and male tilapia jointly swallow and clean other fish eggs and unfertilized eggs produced by themselves. Female tilapia breeds and protects fertilized eggs by mouth-incubation. The invention prepares bionic fish eggs by embedding dimethyl dithiophosphate with sodium alginate and protamine sulfate. During the breeding season of tilapia, a small amount of bionic fish eggs are scattered into the nests and vicinity of tilapia. Tilapia quickly dies after swallowing the bionic fish eggs, and the fertilized eggs contained in the mouth of the female fish cannot hatch and survive. The bionic fish eggs are used to remove tilapia in a targeted manner, which has little impact on landscape water bodies and other organisms, and is quick to take effect. Tilapia can be efficiently killed within 3-5 days, and the mortality rate of tilapia reaches 80%. Therefore, the invention claims to protect the following schemes:
[0011] The present invention provides a method for preparing bionic fish eggs, comprising the following steps:
[0012] (1) soaking the roasted millet in a dimethyl dithiophosphate ethanol solution;
[0013] (2) soaking the millet treated in step (1) in a sodium alginate solution (sodium alginate film adheres to the surface);
[0014] (3) soaking the millet treated in step (2) (with a sodium alginate film attached to the surface) in a protamine sulfate solution (a double-layer film of sodium alginate and protamine sulfate is formed on the surface of the millet);
[0015] (4) Drying the millet (covered with a double-layer film) treated in step (3) to obtain bionic fish eggs.
[0016] As an optional embodiment, the baking in step (1) is baking at 100-110° C. for 20-28 hours. This step is to dehydrate the millet and make it fluffy, thereby increasing its porosity.
[0017] Specifically, the millet baked in step (1) is cooled in a dryer and then soaked in a dimethyl dithiophosphate ethanol solution.
[0018] As an optional embodiment, the drying is vacuum drying.
[0019] As an optional embodiment, the millet particle size is 1-5 mm.
[0020] As an optional embodiment, the soaking time in step (1) is 8-16 hours.
[0021] As an optional embodiment, the soaking time in step (1) is 12 hours.
[0022] As an optional embodiment, the concentration of the sodium alginate solution in step (2) is 6-10 mg / mL.
[0023] As an optional embodiment, the concentration of the sodium alginate solution in step (2) is 8 mg / mL.
[0024] As an optional embodiment, the solvent of the sodium alginate solution is a NaCl aqueous solution.
[0025] As an optional embodiment, the concentration of the NaCl aqueous solution is 2-4 mg / mL.
[0026] As an optional embodiment, in step (2), after the millet is soaked in the sodium alginate solution, it is shaken for 15-25 minutes (preferably, shaken for 20 minutes).
[0027] As an optional embodiment, in step (3), the concentration of the protamine sulfate solution is 6-10 mg / mL.
[0028] As an optional embodiment, the concentration of the protamine sulfate solution is 8 mg / mL.
[0029] As an optional embodiment, the solvent of the protamine sulfate solution is an aqueous solution containing NaCl and CaCl2.
[0030] As an optional embodiment, the NaCl concentration in the solvent is 2-4 mg / mL, and the CaCl2 concentration is 3-5 mg / mL.
[0031] As an optional embodiment, in step (3), after the millet is soaked in the protamine sulfate solution, it is shaken for 15-25 minutes (preferably, shaken for 20 minutes).
[0032] As an optional embodiment, the method for preparing the bionic fish eggs comprises the following steps:
[0033] (1) selecting millet with a particle size between 1 and 2 mm for baking, and soaking the baked millet in a dimethyl dithiophosphate ethanol solution for 12 hours;
[0034] (2) After taking out the millet and draining it, soak it in a sodium alginate solution, shake it for 20 minutes, and then centrifuge it. Discard the supernatant, add protamine sulfate solution, shake it for 20 minutes, take out the millet and dry it to obtain bionic fish eggs.
[0035] The bionic fish eggs prepared by the above bionic fish egg preparation method should also be within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0036] The present invention also provides the use of the bionic fish eggs in poisoning tilapia, or in preparing poisoning tilapia products.
[0037] The invention provides a method for poisoning tilapia, which utilizes the bionic fish eggs to poison and kill tilapia.
[0038] As an optional implementation scheme, the bionic fish eggs are placed in the nests of tilapia to poison the tilapia.
[0039] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0040] The present invention provides a method for preparing bionic fish eggs. The method uses yellow granular millet grains adsorbing dimethyl dithiophosphate as a core, sodium alginate and protamine sulfate as a coating, and the bionic fish eggs prepared by the method are similar in shape, size, color and texture to real tilapia eggs. In the process of co-incubation of bionic fish eggs mixed with fertilized tilapia eggs, adult tilapia and seedlings can be poisoned at the same time. The bionic fish eggs are used to remove tilapia in a targeted manner, which has little impact on landscape water bodies and other organisms, and has a quick effect. Tilapia can be efficiently killed within 3-5 days, and the mortality rate of tilapia reaches 80%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0041] Figure 1 Yellow millet particles before drying (rough surface).
[0042] Figure 2 This is the appearance of the bionic fish eggs in the experimental group.
[0043] Figure 3 This is a picture of the state of the bionic fish eggs in the experimental group under a microscope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but the examples do not limit the present invention in any form. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the art.
[0045] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
[0046] The yellow millet particles are ordinary millet with a particle size of less than 5 mm.
[0047] Sodium alginate, CAS number: 9005-38-3.
[0048] Protamine sulfate, CAS number: 98001-69-5.
[0049] Dimethyl dithiophosphate, CAS number: 756-80-9, structural formula: Example 1 Preparation of bionic fish eggs
[0050] (I) Solution preparation
[0051] 1. Dimethyl dithiophosphate ethanol solution
[0052] The dimethyl dithiophosphate was dissolved in anhydrous ethanol at a volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare a dimethyl dithiophosphate ethanol solution.
[0053] 2. Sodium alginate solution
[0054] Use 3 mg / mL NaCl solution as solvent and sodium alginate as solute to prepare 8 mg / mL sodium alginate solution. Then adjust the pH value of the sodium alginate solution to 6.5 with 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid or 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution and set aside.
[0055] 3. Protamine sulfate solution
[0056] Prepare 8 mg / mL protamine sulfate solution using 3 mg / mL NaCl and 4 mg / mL CaCl2 solution as solvent and protamine sulfate as solute. Then adjust the pH value of the protamine sulfate solution to 6.5 with 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid or 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution and set aside.
[0057] (II) Preparation process of bionic fish eggs in the experimental group
[0058] (1) Select yellow millet particles with a particle size between 1 and 2 mm and bake them in an oven at 105°C for 24 hours. Cool them in a dryer and set them aside for later use. The surface of the yellow millet particles before the coating treatment after baking is rough and looks like Figure 1 shown.
[0059] (2) Soak the baked and cooled yellow millet grains in a dimethyl dithiophosphate ethanol solution overnight (8-16 hours), remove them, drain and set aside.
[0060] (3) The yellow millet particles were soaked and drained in dimethyl dithiophosphate ethanol solution and then soaked in sodium alginate solution. After gentle shaking for 20 min, they were centrifuged (2000 r / min, 1.5 min). The supernatant was discarded and protamine sulfate solution was added. After gentle shaking for 20 min, the particles were removed and drained and then placed in a vacuum drying oven at 30 °C for 48 h to obtain the bionic fish eggs of the experimental group.
[0061] (III) Observation of bionic fish eggs in the experimental group
[0062] The bionic fish eggs in the experimental group were double-coated with sodium alginate and protamine sulfate, and their surface was smooth and looked like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the state of the bionic fish eggs in the experimental group under the microscope is as follows Figure 3 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the bionic fish eggs are very similar to tilapia eggs.
[0063] (IV) Preparation process of bionic fish eggs in the control group
[0064] The dimethyl dithiophosphate ethanol solution was replaced with anhydrous ethanol, and the baked yellow millet particles were immersed in anhydrous ethanol. The other steps were referred to the bionic fish egg preparation process (1) to (3) of the test group, and the bionic fish eggs of the control group were obtained.
[0065] Example 2 Bionic fish eggs poisoning tilapia test
[0066] (1) Purpose of the test
[0067] To verify the effect of bionic fish eggs containing dimethyl dithiophosphate in killing tilapia and evaluate its killing efficiency.
[0068] (2) Test materials
[0069] ① Test fish tank: 1000mL beaker, filled with 800mL tap water. Before the test, the tap water was stored in the open air for 24 hours.
[0070] ② Experimental fish: Purchase 12 healthy tilapia for the experiment, each 6 cm long, and place 3 in each fish tank to avoid the influence of density differences on the results.
[0071] ③ Bionic fish eggs: experimental group bionic fish eggs: bionic fish eggs containing dimethyl dithiophosphate (each bionic fish egg contains 25 mg of dimethyl dithiophosphate); control group bionic fish eggs: bionic fish eggs without dimethyl dithiophosphate.
[0072] (3) Test methods
[0073] Experimental group 1: Each tilapia was fed one bionic fish egg from the experimental group;
[0074] Experimental group 2: Each tilapia was fed two bionic fish eggs from the experimental group;
[0075] Control group 1: Each tilapia was fed one control group bionic fish egg;
[0076] Control group 2: Each tilapia was fed two control group bionic fish eggs.
[0077] (4) Test results
[0078] The lethal efficiency of bionic fish eggs was calculated according to the following formula.
[0079]
[0080] ·T 死亡 is the lethal time for each fish;
[0081] D is the number of dead fish.
[0082] The results showed that in the experimental group 1, each tilapia was fed one bionic fish egg from the experimental group, and the average lethal time was 43 hours; in the experimental group 2, each tilapia was fed two bionic fish eggs from the experimental group, and the average lethal time was 26 hours. After 72 hours of continuous testing, all the tilapia in the experimental group died. No tilapia died in the control group 1, and one tilapia died in the control group 2.
[0083] We observed and dissected the dead fish in the control group 2 and found that compared with the tilapia that died of poisoning in the experimental group, the tilapia that died accidentally in the control group 2 had a shiny white body color and obvious adhesion between the gill filaments. We suspected that the fish had an emergency reaction during the control experiment.
[0084] Example 3 Bionic fish eggs poisoning tilapia pond test
[0085] The research team contracted a 600m2 2 , a water pollution ecological control project for ponds with a water depth of 0.5-1.5m. At the beginning of the project, due to the nibbling and destruction of tilapia, the growth of the Vallisneria planted by the research team was frustrated and could not play its due water purification function.
[0086] The research team added dimethyl dithiophosphate directly to the water at a concentration of 0.2 mg / L (1.2L was added at a time). As a result, within 24 hours, a large number of tilapia and other aquatic organisms died in the pond. In addition, the strong smell of dimethyl dithiophosphate caused strong dissatisfaction among local villagers. Moreover, less than a month after the direct application of the pesticide, the pond was flooded with tilapia again.
[0087] The research group used the bionic tilapia eggs of the test group in Example 1 for dosing, and the dosage was about more than 400 bionic fish eggs (after conversion, the dosage of dimethyl dithiophosphate was less than 1% of the dosage of the direct dosing method). The results showed that a large area of tilapia died in the pond after the first dosing. After that, dosing once every two weeks could completely avoid the flooding of tilapia. At the same time, there was no phenomenon of large-scale death of other aquatic organisms in the pond, and the dimethyl dithiophosphate in the bionic tilapia eggs was coated inside the bionic fish eggs, and there was no complaint due to the strong smell.
[0088] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing bionic fish eggs, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) soaking the roasted millet in a dimethyl dithiophosphate ethanol solution; (2) soaking the millet treated in step (1) in a sodium alginate solution; (3) soaking the millet treated in step (2) in a protamine sulfate solution; (4) Drying the millet processed in step (3) to obtain bionic fish eggs.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The baking in step (1) is baking at 100-110° C. for 20-28 hours.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soaking time in step (1) is 8-16 hours.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the sodium alginate solution in step (2) is 6-10 mg / mL.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the millet is soaked in the sodium alginate solution and then shaken for 15-25 minutes.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the concentration of the protamine sulfate solution is 6-10 mg / mL.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the millet is soaked in the protamine sulfate solution and then shaken for 15-25 minutes.
8. The bionic fish eggs obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of the bionic fish eggs according to claim 8 in poisoning tilapia, or in preparing poisoned tilapia products.
10. A method for poisoning tilapia, characterized in that: The bionic fish eggs described in claim 8 are used to poison tilapia.