Polymer-based particles, consumer electronic

Abstract

The invention relates to polymer-based portions, consumer electronics and methods of manufacture. The polymer-based portion includes an elastic modulus of 0.005 MPa to 0.20 MPa and a refractive index of 1.4 to 1.6. The polymer-based moiety may include one or more chains having at least a polyether block and a polyurethane block. A consumer electronic product includes a housing having a front surface, a back surface, and side surfaces, and an electronic assembly including a display on or facing the front surface of the housing. The consumer electronic product also includes a collapsible substrate having a polymer-based portion attached to the collapsible substrate. A method of making a polymer-based partial or consumer electronic product includes curing a composition having from 50 to 90% by weight of an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyurethane, from 6 to 40% by weight of an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether, from 4 to 20% by weight of an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated siloxane, and a curing agent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to polymer-based parts, consumer electronic products containing the same, and methods of manufacturing, and more particularly, to polymer-based parts containing a low elastic modulus, consumer electronic products containing the same, and methods of manufacturing the same. Background Art

[0002] Glass-based substrates are commonly used, for example, in display devices such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), electrophoretic displays (EPDs), organic light emitting diode displays (OLEDs), or plasma display panels (PDPs).

[0003] It is desirable to develop a foldable version of a display and a foldable protective cover mounted on the foldable display. The foldable display and cover should have good impact resistance and puncture resistance. At the same time, the foldable display and cover should have a small minimum bending radius (e.g., about 10 millimeters (mm) or less). However, plastic displays and covers with a small minimum bending radius tend to have poor impact resistance and / or puncture resistance. In addition, common sense suggests that ultra-thin glass-based sheets with a small minimum bending radius (e.g., about 75 microns (μm or micrometers) thick or thinner) tend to have poor impact resistance and / or puncture resistance. In addition, sheets based on thicker glass (e.g., greater than 125 microns) with good impact resistance and / or puncture resistance tend to have a larger minimum bending radius (e.g., about 30 mm or more). Mechanical instability can weaken folding and / or bending performance. Therefore, there is a need to develop foldable devices including consumer electronic products, which have a low minimum bending radius and good impact resistance and puncture resistance, reducing the probability of mechanical instability. Summary of the invention

[0004] Described herein are polymer-based portions (e.g., adhesive layers), foldable devices and consumer electronic products containing them, and methods for making the same, including elastic moduli of about 20 megapascals (MPa) or less. Providing a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) with an elastic modulus of about 0.005 MPa to about 0.20 MPa (e.g., about 0.01 MPa to about 0.07 MPa) can reduce the bending-induced mechanical instability of the resulting foldable device and / or consumer electronic product. For example, a polymer-based portion can form a neutral plane (i.e., a series of positions containing essentially zero strain when folded as part of a larger device or product), which can decouple adjacent layers of the larger device or product (i.e., reduce or avoid stress coupling), which otherwise may combine to exceed a bending-induced strain threshold (exceeding this threshold is the starting point of mechanical instability). Providing a peel adhesion of about 100 N / m or greater (e.g., about 100 N / m to about 2000 N / m or about 300 N / m to about 1200 N / m) can enable a polymer-based portion (e.g., an adhesive layer) to provide good adhesion between components of a larger device or product.

[0005] The polymer-based part can include a polymer chain with a polyurethane block and a polyether block. Providing a polyurethane block and a polyether block in a polymer chain can promote good cohesion and / or good adhesion based on the polymer part (e.g., adhesive layer) itself and / or even with adjacent layers when subjected to strain. Without being bound by theory, the oxygen atoms in the main chain of the polyether block can promote the flexibility of the chain to alleviate the strain that will be restored later, and the polyurethane block can give additional elasticity to the polymer (e.g., by making the intermolecular forces that the polyurethane blocks attract each other).

[0006] In addition, polymer chain can include polysiloxane blocks except polyurethane and polyether blocks.Providing molecular weight Mn is about 100 dalton to about 1000 dalton or about 400 dalton to about 700 dalton siloxane blocks can improve the adhesion based on polymer part (for example, adhesive layer) without weakening transparency or increasing haze.In addition, the amount of polysiloxane provided is about 5 wt % or more (for example, about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % or about 7 wt % to about 12 wt %) can realize that the elastic modulus of about 0.005MPa to about 0.20MPa (for example, about 0.01MPa to about 0.07MPa) based on polymer part (for example, adhesive layer) shows good adhesion simultaneously, as demonstrated by the embodiments herein.

[0007] The blocks of polymer chains may contain silane linkages therebetween. The method of the present disclosure includes curing a composition comprising an alkoxysilane end-capping and / or silanol end-capping reactant, which can achieve free association and reaction of different components to form a polymer chain based on a polymer portion. In addition, silane (e.g., alkoxysilane or silanol) end-capping can promote good adhesion to glass-based substrates and / or ceramic-based substrates. Providing a coating without a photoinitiator (e.g., a heat-curable composition) can eliminate the yellowing problem. Providing a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) that is substantially free of and / or free of silica nanoparticles can reduce processing issues (e.g., agglomeration, aggregation, phase separation) in forming the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer), improve the optical properties of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) (e.g., maintaining low haze and / or high transmittance, even after aging at elevated temperature and / or humidity), and reduce the mechanical properties of the resulting polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) (e.g., hardness, modulus, strain, impact resistance) compared to a corresponding polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) without silica nanoparticles.

[0008] Some exemplary aspects of the present disclosure are described below, and it is to be understood that any features of the various aspects may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0009] Aspect 1: Consumer electronics products, including:

[0010] a housing including a front surface, a back surface, and a side surface;

[0011] an electronic assembly at least partially located within the housing, the electronic assembly including a controller, a memory, and a display, the display being located at or facing the front surface of the housing;

[0012] a cover substrate disposed over the display,

[0013] Wherein at least one of a portion of the housing or a portion of the covering substrate comprises a foldable device comprising:

[0014] A foldable substrate comprising a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material;

[0015] A polymer-based portion attached to a foldable substrate, the polymer-based portion comprising:

[0016] A refractive index in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.6, wherein the difference between the refractive index of the polymer-based portion and the refractive index of the foldable substrate is about 0.1 or less;

[0017] An elastic modulus at 23° C. ranging from about 0.005 MPa to about 0.20 MPa; and

[0018] One or more chains comprising at least polyether blocks and polyurethane blocks.

[0019] Aspect 2: The consumer electronic product of Aspect 1, wherein the elastic modulus of the polymer-based portion ranges from about 0.01 megapascals to about 0.07 megapascals.

[0020] Aspect 3: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein the one or more chains comprise silane linkages between polyether blocks and polyurethane blocks.

[0021] Aspect 4: The consumer electronic product of any one of Aspects 1-3, wherein the one or more chains comprise at least a random arrangement of polyether blocks and polyurethane blocks.

[0022] Aspect 5: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the one or more chains further comprise a polysiloxane block.

[0023] Aspect 6: The consumer electronic product of Aspect 5, wherein the polysiloxane block comprises polydimethylsiloxane.

[0024] Aspect 7: The consumer electronic product of any one of Aspects 1-6, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises a curing catalyst.

[0025] Aspect 8: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the polymer-based portion is free of a photoinitiator.

[0026] Aspect 9: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a peel adhesion of about 100 N / m or greater.

[0027] Aspect 10: The consumer electronic product of Aspect 8, wherein the peel adhesion range is from about 300 N / m to about 1200 N / m.

[0028] Aspect 11: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises an average transmittance of about 90% or greater measured in the range of 400 nanometers to 760 nanometers of light wavelength.

[0029] Aspect 12: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises a haze of about 0.2% or less.

[0030] Aspect 13: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-12, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises an ultimate elongation of about 50% or greater.

[0031] Aspect 14: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein the polymer-based portion can withstand 200,000 bending cycles for a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm in a dynamic cycling test for polymers at 23°C and 50% relative humidity.

[0032] Aspect 15: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a warpage of approximately 20 mm or less immediately following 200,000 bending cycles at 23°C and 50% relative humidity with a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm, and the bending cycles are performed according to a dynamic cycle test for polymers.

[0033] Aspect 16: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein the consumer electronic product can withstand 2,000,000 bending cycles for a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm at 23°C and 50% relative humidity in a dynamic cycle test for devices.

[0034] Aspect 17: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-16, wherein the polymer-based part can withstand a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm for 7 days at 23°C and 50% relative humidity in a parallel plate test for polymers.

[0035] Aspect 18: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-16, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a warpage of about 20 mm or less in a parallel plate test for polymers immediately after being maintained at 23°C and 50% relative humidity with a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm for 7 days.

[0036] Aspect 19: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-16, wherein the consumer electronic product can achieve a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm in a parallel plate test for the device.

[0037] Aspect 20: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-19, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a puncture resistance of about 4 kgf or greater in a quasi-static puncture test for polymers.

[0038] Aspect 21: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 1-19, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a pen-down threshold height of about 20 centimeters or greater in a pen-down test for polymers.

[0039] Aspect 22: The consumer electronic product of any one of Aspects 1-21, wherein the polymer-based product comprises a product obtained by curing a composition, the composition comprising:

[0040] 50-90 wt. % alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated polyurethane;

[0041] 6-40 wt. % of alkoxy-silane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether;

[0042] 4-20 wt% alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane; and

[0043] 0.5-5 wt% of a curing catalyst.

[0044] Aspect 23: The consumer electronic product of Aspect 22, wherein curing the composition consists of moisture curing at a temperature range of 20°C to 40°C.

[0045] Aspect 24: The consumer electronic product of any of Aspects 22-23, wherein the molecular weight Mn of the alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane ranges from about 100 Daltons to about 1000 Daltons.

[0046] Aspect 25: The consumer electronic product of Aspect 24, wherein the molecular weight Mn ranges from about 400 Daltons to about 700 Daltons.

[0047] Aspect 26: The consumer electronic product of any one of Aspects 22-25, wherein the composition comprises:

[0048] 55-85 wt. % alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated polyurethane;

[0049] 7-35 wt. % of alkoxy-silane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether;

[0050] 7-12 wt% alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane; and

[0051] 0.5-2 wt% of a curing catalyst.

[0052] Aspect 27: A method for manufacturing a consumer electronic product, comprising:

[0053] disposing the composition on a substrate comprising a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material; and

[0054] allowing the composition to cure to form a polymer-based part,

[0055] Among them, consumer electronics products include displays,

[0056] Wherein, taking the composition excluding the curing agent as 100 wt %, the composition comprises:

[0057] 50-90 wt. % alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated polyurethane;

[0058] 6-40 wt. % of alkoxy-silane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether;

[0059] 4-20 wt% alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane; and

[0060] 0.5-5 wt % of a curing agent; and

[0061] Among them, the polymer-based part includes:

[0062] a refractive index in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.6; and

[0063] The elastic modulus ranges from about 0.005 MPa to about 0.20 MPa at 23°C.

[0064] Aspect 28: The method of Aspect 27, wherein curing the composition consists of moisture curing at a temperature in the range of 20°C to 40°C.

[0065] Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 27-28, wherein the molecular weight Mn of the alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane ranges from about 100 Daltons to about 1000 Daltons.

[0066] Aspect 30: The method of Aspect 29, wherein the molecular weight Mn ranges from about 400 Daltons to about 700 Daltons.

[0067] Aspect 31: The method of any one of Aspects 27-30, wherein the composition comprises:

[0068] 55-85 wt. % alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated polyurethane;

[0069] 7-35 wt. % of alkoxy-silane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether;

[0070] 7-12 wt% alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane; and

[0071] 0.5-5% by weight of curing agent.

[0072] Aspect 32: The method of any of Aspects 27-31, wherein the elastic modulus of the polymer-based portion ranges from about 0.01 megapascals to about 0.07 megapascals.

[0073] Aspect 33: The method of any of Aspects 27-32, wherein the composition comprises a viscosity range of about 3 Pascal-seconds to about 30 Pascal-seconds at 23°C.

[0074] Aspect 34: The method of any of Aspects 27-33, wherein the composition is free of a photoinitiator.

[0075] Aspect 35: The method of any of Aspects 27-34, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a peel adhesion of about 100 N / m or greater.

[0076] Aspect 36: The method of Aspect 35, wherein the peel adhesion ranges from about 300 N / m to about 1200 N / m.

[0077] Aspect 37: The method of any of Aspects 27-36, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises an average transmittance of about 90% or greater measured over a wavelength range of light from 400 nanometers to 760 nanometers.

[0078] Aspect 38: The method of any of Aspects 27-37, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises a haze of about 0.2% or less.

[0079] Aspect 39: The method of any of Aspects 27-38, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises an ultimate elongation of about 50% or greater.

[0080] Aspect 40: The method of any of Aspects 27-39, wherein the polymer-based part can withstand 200,000 bending cycles for a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm in a dynamic cyclic test for polymers at 23°C and 50% relative humidity.

[0081] Aspect 41: The method of any of Aspects 27-39, wherein the polymer-based part exhibits a warpage of about 20 mm or less immediately after 200,000 bending cycles at 23°C and 50% relative humidity with a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm.

[0082] Aspect 42: The method of any of Aspects 27-41, wherein the polymer-based part can withstand a parallel plate separation of 3 mm in a parallel plate test for polymers at 23°C and 50% relative humidity for 7 days.

[0083] Aspect 43: The method of any of Aspects 27-41, wherein the polymer-based part exhibits a warpage of about 20 mm or less in a parallel plate test for polymers immediately after being maintained at 23°C and 50% relative humidity with a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm for 7 days.

[0084] Aspect 44: The method of any of Aspects 27-43, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a puncture resistance of about 4 kgf or greater in a Quasi-Static Puncture Test for Polymers.

[0085] Aspect 45: The method of any of Aspects 27-44, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a pen-down threshold height of about 20 centimeters or greater in a pen-down test for polymers.

[0086] Aspect 46: A polymer-based moiety comprising:

[0087] a refractive index in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.6;

[0088] An elastic modulus at 23° C. ranging from about 0.005 MPa to about 0.20 MPa; and

[0089] One or more chains comprising at least polyether blocks and polyurethane blocks.

[0090] Aspect 47: The polymer-based portion of Aspect 46, wherein the polymer-based portion has an elastic modulus ranging from about 0.01 megapascals to about 0.07 megapascals.

[0091] Aspect 48: The polymer-based moiety of any of Aspects 46-47, wherein the one or more chains comprise silane linkages between polyether blocks and polyurethane blocks.

[0092] Aspect 49: The polymer-based moiety of any of Aspects 46-48, wherein the one or more chains comprise at least a random arrangement of polyether blocks and polyurethane blocks.

[0093] Aspect 50: The polymer-based moiety of any of Aspects 46-49, wherein the one or more chains further comprise a polysiloxane block.

[0094] Aspect 51: The polymer-based portion of Aspect 50, wherein the polysiloxane block comprises polydimethylsiloxane.

[0095] Aspect 52: The polymer-based portion of any of Aspects 46-51, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises a curing catalyst.

[0096] Aspect 53: The polymer-based portion of any of Aspects 46-52, wherein the polymer-based portion is free of a photoinitiator.

[0097] Aspect 54: The polymer-based portion of any of Aspects 46-53, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a peel adhesion of about 100 N / m or greater.

[0098] Aspect 55: The polymer-based portion of Aspect 54, wherein the peel adhesion ranges from about 300 N / m to about 1200 N / m.

[0099] Aspect 56: The polymer-based portion of any of Aspects 46-55, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises an average transmittance of about 90% or greater measured over a wavelength range of 400 nm to 760 nm.

[0100] Aspect 57: The polymer-based portion of any of Aspects 46-56, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises a haze of about 0.2% or less.

[0101] Aspect 58: The polymer-based portion of any of Aspects 46-57, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises an ultimate elongation of about 50% or greater.

[0102] Aspect 59: The polymer-based portion of any of Aspects 46-58, wherein the polymer-based portion can withstand 200,000 bending cycles for a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm in a dynamic cycling test for polymers at 23°C and 50% relative humidity.

[0103] Aspect 60: The polymer-based part of any of Aspects 46-58, wherein the polymer-based part exhibits a warpage of about 20 mm or less in a dynamic cyclic test for polymers following 200,000 bending cycles to a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm at 23°C and 50% relative humidity.

[0104] Aspect 61: The polymer-based portion of any of Aspects 46-60, wherein the polymer-based portion can withstand a parallel plate separation of 3 mm for 7 days at 23°C and 50% relative humidity in a parallel plate test for polymers.

[0105] Aspect 62: The polymer-based portion of any of Aspects 46-60, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a warp of about 20 mm or less in a parallel plate test for polymers immediately after being maintained at 23°C and 50% relative humidity with a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm for 7 days.

[0106] Aspect 63: The polymer-based portion of any of Aspects 46-62, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a puncture resistance of about 4 kgf or greater in a quasi-static puncture test for polymers.

[0107] Aspect 64: The polymer-based portion of any of Aspects 46-63, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a pen-down threshold height of about 20 centimeters or more in a pen-down test for polymers.

[0108] Aspect 65: The polymer-based portion of any one of Aspects 46-64, wherein the polymer-based product comprises a cured product of a composition, based on 100 wt. % of the composition excluding a curing catalyst, the composition comprising:

[0109] 50-90 wt. % alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated polyurethane;

[0110] 6-40 wt. % of alkoxy-silane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether;

[0111] 4-20 wt% alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane; and

[0112] 0.5-5 wt% of a curing catalyst.

[0113] Aspect 66: The polymer-based portion of Aspect 65, wherein curing the composition consists of moisture curing at a temperature ranging from 20°C to 40°C.

[0114] Aspect 67: The polymer-based moiety of any of Aspects 65-66, wherein the molecular weight Mn of the alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane ranges from about 100 Daltons to about 1000 Daltons.

[0115] Aspect 68: The polymer-based moiety of Aspect 67, wherein the molecular weight Mn ranges from about 400 Daltons to about 700 Daltons.

[0116] Aspect 69: The polymer-based portion of any one of Aspects 65-68, wherein the composition comprises:

[0117] 55-85 wt. % alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated polyurethane;

[0118] 7-35 wt. % of alkoxy-silane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether;

[0119] 7-12 wt% alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane; and

[0120] 0.5-2 wt% of a curing catalyst.

[0121] Aspect 70: A method of making a polymer-based part, comprising curing a composition,

[0122] Wherein, taking the composition excluding the curing agent as 100 wt %, the composition comprises:

[0123] 50-90 wt. % alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated polyurethane;

[0124] 6-40 wt. % of alkoxy-silane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether;

[0125] 4-20 wt% alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane; and

[0126] 0.5-5 wt % of a curing agent; and

[0127] Among them, the polymer-based part includes:

[0128] a refractive index in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.6; and

[0129] The elastic modulus ranges from about 0.005 MPa to about 0.20 MPa at 23°C.

[0130] Aspect 71: The method of Aspect 70, wherein curing the composition consists of moisture curing at a temperature in the range of 20°C to 40°C.

[0131] Aspect 72: The method of any of Aspects 70-71, wherein the molecular weight Mn of the alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane ranges from about 100 Daltons to about 1000 Daltons.

[0132] Aspect 73: The method of Aspect 72, wherein the molecular weight Mn ranges from about 400 Daltons to about 700 Daltons.

[0133] Aspect 74: The method of any one of Aspects 70-73, wherein the composition comprises:

[0134] 55-85 wt. % alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated polyurethane;

[0135] 7-35 wt. % of alkoxy-silane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether;

[0136] 7-12 wt% alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane; and

[0137] 0.5-5% by weight of curing agent.

[0138] Aspect 75: The method of any of Aspects 70-74, wherein the elastic modulus of the polymer-based portion ranges from about 0.01 megapascals to about 0.07 megapascals.

[0139] Aspect 76: The method of any of Aspects 70-75, wherein the composition comprises a viscosity range of about 3 Pascal-seconds to about 30 Pascal-seconds at 23°C.

[0140] Aspect 77: The method of any of Aspects 70-76, wherein the composition is free of a photoinitiator.

[0141] Aspect 78: The method of any of Aspects 70-77, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a peel adhesion of about 100 N / m or greater.

[0142] Aspect 79: The method of Aspect 78, wherein the peel adhesion ranges from about 300 N / m to about 1200 N / m.

[0143] Aspect 80: The method of any of Aspects 70-79, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises an average transmittance of about 90% or greater measured over a wavelength range of light from 400 nanometers to 760 nanometers.

[0144] Aspect 81: The method of any of Aspects 70-80, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises a haze of about 0.2% or less.

[0145] Aspect 82: The method of any of Aspects 70-81, wherein the polymer-based portion comprises an ultimate elongation of about 50% or greater.

[0146] Aspect 83: The method of any of Aspects 70-82, wherein the polymer-based part can withstand 200,000 bending cycles for a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm in a dynamic cyclic test for polymers at 23°C and 50% relative humidity.

[0147] Aspect 84: The method of any of Aspects 70-82, wherein the polymer-based part exhibits a warpage of about 20 mm or less immediately after 200,000 bending cycles at 23°C and 50% relative humidity with a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm.

[0148] Aspect 85: The method of any of Aspects 70-84, wherein the polymer-based part can withstand a parallel plate separation of 3 mm in a parallel plate test for polymers at 23°C and 50% relative humidity for 7 days.

[0149] Aspect 86: The method of any of Aspects 70-84, wherein the polymer-based part exhibits a warp of about 20 mm or less in a parallel plate test for polymers immediately after being maintained at 23°C and 50% relative humidity with a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm for 7 days.

[0150] Aspect 87: The method of any of Aspects 70-86, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a puncture resistance of about 4 kgf or greater in a Quasi-Static Puncture Test for Polymers.

[0151] Aspect 88: The method of any of Aspects 70-87, wherein the polymer-based portion exhibits a pen-down threshold height of about 20 centimeters or greater in a pen-down test for polymers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0152] The above features and advantages and other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be better understood by reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0153] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary foldable device in a flat configuration according to aspects, wherein a schematic diagram of the folded configuration can be seen in FIG. Figure 4 As shown;

[0154] Figure 2-3 Is the foldable device based on the aspect along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of line 2-2;

[0155] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary foldable device in a folded configuration according to aspects of the present disclosure, wherein a schematic diagram of a flat configuration can be seen in FIG. Figure 1 As shown;

[0156] Figure 5-6 is a cross-sectional view of a test device used to determine the shape of an exemplary foldable device along the Figure 4 The minimum parallel plate spacing of line 5-5;

[0157] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a polymer-based portion according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0158] Figure 8 is a schematic plan view of an exemplary consumer electronic product according to aspects;

[0159] Fig. 9 yes Figure 8 A perspective schematic diagram of an exemplary consumer electronic product;

[0160] Figure 10-11 schematically showing steps in a method of manufacturing a polymer-based portion and / or foldable device;

[0161] Fig.12 Schematic showing the warpage measurement performed by the test equipment;

[0162] Fig.13 Schematically shows a test apparatus for performing a pen drop test for polymers and / or a quasi-static puncture test for polymers;

[0163] Fig.14 is a perspective schematic diagram of a pen-dropping device; and

[0164] Fig.15 is a perspective schematic diagram of foldable consumer electronics.

[0165] Throughout this disclosure, the drawings are used to emphasize certain aspects. Thus, unless otherwise explicitly stated, it should be assumed that the relative sizes of the various regions, parts, and substrates shown in the drawings are not proportional to their actual relative sizes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0166] Aspects will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary aspects are shown. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

[0167] Figure 2-3 5-7 show articles comprising an adhesive layer 261. The adhesive layer comprises a polymer-based material. Therefore, as used herein, when the adhesive layer 261 is discussed independently (e.g., when discussing the properties of the adhesive layer (or polymer-based portion) and / or its method of manufacture), the adhesive layer 261 will be used interchangeably with the "polymer-based portion".

[0168] In the full text of the present disclosure, ASTM D638 is adopted, using a tensile testing machine (e.g., Instron 3400 or Instron 6800), at 23 ° C and 50% relative humidity, to determine the tensile strength, ultimate elongation (e.g., failure strain) and yield point of a polymer material (e.g., based on a polymer part, an adhesive layer). As used herein, a sample bar having a size of 100 millimeters (mm) (length) multiplied by 10 mm (width) multiplied by 2 mm (length) is fixed between fixtures with a lengthwise spacing of 50 mm, and a strain rate of 50 mm / min is applied until failure. In the full text of the present disclosure, ISO 527-1:2019 is used to measure the elastic modulus and / or Poisson's ratio of polymer materials. Unless otherwise stated, the elastic modulus is measured after 7 days of curing the composition to form a polymer-based material (e.g., adhesive layer) of the present disclosure, but the scope described herein is intended to be applicable to the polymer-based part after it is cured for any period of time (e.g., 3 days, 14 days).

[0169] In aspects, the elastic modulus (e.g., Young's modulus) of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be: about 0.005 megapascals (MPa) or greater, about 0.007 MPa or greater, about 0.009 MPa or greater, about 0.01 MPa or greater, about 0.02 MPa or greater, about 0.03 MPa or greater, about 0.04 MPa or greater, about 0.05 MPa or greater, about 0.06 MPa or greater, about 0.20 MPa or less, about 0.17 MPa or less, about 0.15 MPa or less, about 0.12 MPa or less, about 0.10 MPa or less, about 0.07 MPa or less, about 0.06 MPa or less, about 0.05 MPa or less, about 0.04 MPa or less, about 0.03 MPa or less, or about 0.02 MPa or less. In aspects, the elastic modulus of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be in the range of about 0.005 MPa to about 0.20 MPa, about 0.005 MPa to about 0.17 MPa, about 0.007 MPa to about 0.15 MPa, about 0.007 MPa to about 0.12 MPa, about 0.009 MPa to about 0.10 MPa, about 0.01 MPa to about 0.07 MPa, about 0.02 MPa to about 0.06 MPa, about 0.03 MPa to about 0.05 MPa, about 0.03 MPa to about 0.04 MPa, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the range of the elastic modulus can be: about 0.02 MPa to about 0.07 MPa, about 0.03 MPa to about 0.06 MPa, about 0.04 MPa to about 0.05 MPa, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the elastic modulus can be in the range of about 0.005 MPa to about 0.07 MPa, about 0.005 MPa to about 0.05 MPa, about 0.007 MPa to about 0.03 MPa, about 0.007 MPa to about 0.02 MPa, about 0.007 MPa to about 0.01 MPa, or any range or sub-range therebetween. Providing a polymer-based portion (e.g., an adhesive layer) with an elastic modulus of about 0.005 MPa to about 0.20 MPa (e.g., about 0.01 MPa to about 0.07 MPa) can reduce the bending-induced mechanical instability of the resulting foldable device and / or consumer electronic product. For example, the polymer-based portion can form a neutral plane (i.e., a series of locations containing substantially zero strain when folded as part of a larger device or product), which can decouple adjacent layers of the larger device or product (i.e., reduce or avoid stress coupling), which otherwise may combine to exceed a bending-induced strain threshold (exceeding this threshold is the beginning of mechanical instability).

[0170] In aspects, the ultimate elongation (e.g., strain to failure) of a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be about 50% or more, about 70% or more, about 100% or more, about 150% or more, or about 200% or more. In aspects, the ultimate elongation (e.g., strain to failure) of a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be in the range of about 50% to about 1000%, about 70% to about 500%, about 100% to about 300%, about 150% to about 250%, about 150% to about 200%, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0171] The polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) may include a glass transition (Tg) temperature. As used herein, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is used, using, for example, TA Instruments' DMA 850 to measure glass transition temperature, storage modulus, and loss modulus. The sample for DMA analysis includes a film fixed by a tension clamp. As used herein, storage modulus refers to the in-phase component of a polymer or polymer-based material response to a dynamic test. As used herein, loss modulus refers to the out-of-phase component of a response polymer or polymer-based material during a dynamic test. As used herein, glass transition temperature corresponds to the maximum value of tgΔ, which is the ratio of loss modulus to storage modulus.

[0172] In aspect, the polymer-based part (e.g., adhesive layer) can be optically transparent. In aspect, the polymer-based part (e.g., adhesive layer) can be measured over a wavelength range of 400nm to 700nm including the following average transmittance: about 90% or higher, about 91% or higher, about 92% or higher, about 93% or higher, 100% or lower, about 96% or lower, about 95% or lower, or about 94% or lower. In the full text of this disclosure, the transmittance (and average transmittance) is measured according to ASTM C1649-14 (2021). The transmittance and haze values ​​recorded herein are measured using a LAMBDA 650 spectrophotometer purchased from Perkin Elmer. For polymer-based parts (e.g., adhesive layers), the transmittance (e.g., average transmittance) is measured by a 1.0mm sheet of the corresponding material. In other aspects, the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can include an average transmittance range of about 90% to 100%, about 91% to about 96%, about 92% to about 95%, about 92% to about 94%, about 93% to about 94%, or any range or sub-range therebetween, measured over an optical wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm. In aspects, the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be substantially free of crystals and / or air bubbles that are visually visible at 100 times magnification.

[0173] As used herein, haze refers to the transmission haze measured according to ASTM E430 when light is directly incident on a surface (e.g., the first contact surface of the adhesive layer, the second contact surface of the adhesive layer, or the main surface of the polymer-based part) in a direction normal to the corresponding surface. The haze is measured using a LAMBDA 650 spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere purchased from Perkin Elmer. The light source is a tungsten halogen lamp source included in the LAMBDA 650 spectrophotometer. The haze of the coating is measured in a manner where the coating is mounted on a glass-based substrate comprising a thickness of 1.0 millimeters (mm). In aspect, the haze of the polymer-based part (e.g., adhesive layer) can be: about 0.01% or greater, about 0.1% or greater, about 0.2% or greater, about 1% or less, about 0.5% or less, about 0.4% or less, or about 0.3% or less. In other aspects, the haze of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be in the range of about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.4%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, or any range or sub-range therebetween. Providing a low haze substrate can achieve good visibility through the polymer-based portion and / or the resulting consumer electronic product.

[0174] As used herein, the refractive index is measured according to ASTM E1967-19, wherein the first wavelength includes 589 nm. In aspects, the refractive index of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be: about 1.4 or greater, about 1.45 or greater, about 1.47 or greater, about 1.48 or greater, about 1.49 or greater, about 1.50 or greater, about 1.53 or greater, about 1.6 or less, about 1.55 or less, about 1.54 or less, or about 1.52 or less. In aspects, the refractive index of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be the following range: about 1.4 to about 1.6, about 1.45 to about 1.55, about 1.47 to about 1.55, about 1.48 to about 1.54, about 1.49 to about 1.53, about 1.50 to about 1.52, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the refractive index of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be about 1.5 or greater, such as the following range: about 1.5 to about 1.6, about 1.5 to about 1.55, about 1.51 to about 1.54, about 1.52 to about 1.53, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the refractive index of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be about 1.5 or less, such as the following range: about 1.4 to about 1.5, about 1.45 to about 1.49, about 1.47 to about 1.48, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0175] As used herein, the peel adhesion of the polymer-based part is measured via a 180° peel adhesion test according to ASTM D3330 Test Method D, with 2.04 kfg (4.5 lbg) pressing a 76 micron (0.003 inch) thick PET onto the polymer-based part and Corning Gorilla Glass at a constant speed of 200 mm / min (7.9 inches / min) in a 23°C environment and 50% relative humidity. Unless otherwise specified, peel adhesion is measured using a Poweroll PR-1000 (IMASS Corporation). Unless otherwise specified, samples are allowed to stay in an environment maintained at 23°C and 50% relative humidity for 1 day before testing. In aspects, the peel adhesion of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be: about 100 Newtons per meter (N / m) or greater, about 200 N / m or greater, about 250 N / m or greater, about 300 N / m or greater, about 400 N / m or greater, about 500 N / m or greater, about 600 N / m or greater, about 750 N / m or greater, about 900 N / m or greater, about 1,000 N / m or greater, about 2,000 N / m or less, about 1,500 N / m or less, about 1,200 N / m or less, about 1,100 N / m or less, about 1,000 N / m or less, about 900 N / m or less, about 800 N / m or less, about 700 N / m or less, about 600 N / m or less, or about 500 N / m or less. In aspects, the peel adhesion of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be in the range of about 100 N / m to about 2,000 N / m, about 200 N / m to about 1,500 N / m, about 250 N / m to about 1,200 N / m, about 300 N / m to about 1,200 N / m, about 400 N / m to about 1,100 N / m, about 500 N / m to about 1,000 N / m, about 600 N / m to about 900 N / m, about 750 N / m to about 800 N / m, or any range or sub-range therebetween. Providing a peel adhesion of about 100 N / m or greater (e.g., about 100 N / m to about 2000 N / m or about 300 N / m to about 1200 N / m) can achieve good adhesion between components of a device or product that provides a greater polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer).

[0176] The polymer-based part (e.g., adhesive layer) includes multiple polymer chains. In aspects, the polymer-based part (e.g., adhesive layer) may include one or more polymer chains comprising at least a polyether block and a polyurethane block. For example, the main chain of the polymer chain (e.g., one or more chains) may have a polyether link (e.g., COC or CH2-O-CH2) associated with the polyether block and a polyurethane link (e.g., NCOC, NH-(C=O)-OC and / or carbamate) associated with the polyurethane block along the main chain of the polymer chain. For example, a polyurethane link can be formed by the reaction between an isocyanate and a polyol. As used herein, the "main chain" of a polymer is the longest atomic chain in a polymer that extends linearly (i.e., continuously and sequentially) from one end of the polymer to the other end of the polymer. In other aspects, the one or more polymer chains of the multiple polymer chains may include random arrangements of polyether blocks and polyurethane blocks (it is to be understood that additional blocks may be randomly mixed in one or more chains and / or terminated with one or more chains). In other aspects, the one or more polymer chains based on the part of the polymer may include a silane bond between at least one of the polyether blocks and at least one of the polyurethane blocks. As used herein, "silane bond" refers to the "Si-O-Si" bond along the main chain of the corresponding polymer chain. For example, the silane bond can be formed as a product of the condensation reaction of silane (e.g., alkoxysilane and / or silanol). Providing polyurethane blocks and polyether blocks in the polymer chain can promote good cohesion and / or good adhesion based on the polymer part (e.g., adhesive layer) itself and / or even with adjacent layers when subjected to strain. Without being limited to theory, the oxygen atoms in the main chain of the polyether block can promote the flexibility of the chain to alleviate the strain that will be restored later, and the polyurethane block can give additional elasticity to the polymer (e.g., by making the intermolecular forces that the polyurethane blocks attract each other).

[0177] In other aspects, one or more polymer chains of a polymer-based portion (e.g., an adhesive layer) may include polysiloxane blocks in addition to polyether blocks and polyurethane blocks. In even other aspects, the polysiloxane blocks may include poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). In aspects, the molecular weight Mn of the polysiloxane blocks (e.g., PDMS) may be: about 100 Daltons or greater, about 200 Daltons or greater, about 300 Daltons or greater, 400 Daltons or greater, about 500 Daltons or greater, about 600 Daltons or greater, about 1,000 Daltons or less, about 900 Daltons or less, about 800 Daltons or less, about 700 Daltons or less, about 600 Daltons or less, or about 500 Daltons or less. In aspects, the molecular weight Mn of the polysiloxane block (e.g., PDMS) can be in the range of about 100 Daltons to about 1,000 Daltons, about 200 Daltons to about 900 Daltons, about 300 Daltons to about 800 Daltons, about 400 Daltons to about 700 Daltons, about 500 Daltons to about 600 Daltons, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In even other aspects, the link between the polysiloxane block and the polyether block or the polyurethane block can be a silane link (as described above). In even other aspects, the polysiloxane block can terminate one of the multiple polymer chains (e.g., at the end of its main chain). Providing a siloxane block having a molecular weight Mn of about 100 Daltons to about 1000 Daltons or about 400 Daltons to about 700 Daltons can improve adhesion based on the polymer portion (e.g., adhesive layer) without impairing transparency or increasing haze. In addition, providing the polysiloxane in an amount of about 5 wt % or greater (e.g., about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % or about 7 wt % to about 12 wt %) can achieve a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) exhibiting an elastic modulus of about 0.005 MPa to about 0.20 MPa (e.g., about 0.01 MPa to about 0.07 MPa) while exhibiting good adhesion, as demonstrated in the examples herein.

[0178] Throughout the present disclosure, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) can be used to determine the proportion (e.g., weight %) of the coating comprising organic materials. In aspects, the weight % of organic materials (e.g., polyethers, polyurethanes) in the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be: about 70 weight % or greater, about 75 weight % or greater, about 80 weight % or greater, about 85 weight % or greater, about 87% or greater, about 90 weight % or greater, about 92% or greater, about 94% or greater, 100 weight % or less, about 98 weight % or less, about 95 weight % or less, about 93 weight % or less, about 90 weight % or less, about 88% or less, or about 86% or less. In aspects, the weight percent of organic material in the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be in the range of about 70% to 100% by weight, about 75% to about 98% by weight, about 80% or greater to about 95% by weight, about 85% to about 93% by weight, about 87% to about 90% by weight, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the weight percent of organic material in the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be about 80% by weight or greater, such as in the range of about 80% to 100%, about 85% to about 98%, about 87% to about 95%, about 90% to about 93%, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0179] In aspect, the polymer-based part (e.g., adhesive layer) may include a curing catalyst. As used herein, a curing catalyst refers to a material configured to facilitate moisture curing (moisture curing) of the composition (e.g., hydrolysis and condensation, or condensation) to form a polymer-based part. For example, a curing catalyst may include a transition metal-containing material. A curing catalyst is different from a photoinitiator (which needs to absorb light to react to produce one or more free radicals or ionic species that can initiate a reaction). As used herein, a photoinitiator is a compound that is sensitive to one or more wavelengths, and reacts after absorbing light containing the one or more wavelengths to produce one or more free radicals or ionic species that can initiate a reaction. For example, a photoinitiator may be sensitive to one or more wavelengths of ultraviolet (UV) light. In aspect, the polymer-based part (e.g., adhesive layer) may be substantially free of and / or free of a photoinitiator. Providing a coating (e.g., a heat-curable coating) that does not contain a photoinitiator can eliminate the yellowing problem.

[0180] Throughout this disclosure, a composition or polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) is "substantially free of" a component if the composition or polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) is "substantially free of" a component in an amount of about 0.25% by weight or less (except for the case of being substantially free of solvent as defined below). In aspects, the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be substantially free of nanoparticles. In aspects, the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) can be substantially free of and / or free of silica nanoparticles. As used herein, silica nanoparticles refer to particles comprising an effective diameter of at least 20 nm and comprising silica. Silica nanoparticles may include solid particles or mesoporous particles. Silica nanoparticles may be larger (e.g., comprising a larger effective diameter) than the functionalized oligomeric silsesquioxanes in the plurality of functionalized oligomeric silsesquioxanes. Silica nanoparticles may be formed from colloidal silica and / or formed via a sol-gel process. Without wishing to be bound by theory, silica nanoparticles may aggregate (especially at elevated temperatures), which can compromise the mechanical and / or optical properties of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer). Providing a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) that is substantially free of and / or free of silica nanoparticles can reduce processing issues (e.g., agglomeration, aggregation, phase separation) in forming the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer), improve the optical properties of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) (e.g., maintaining low haze and / or high transmittance, even after aging at elevated temperature and / or humidity), and reduce the mechanical properties of the resulting polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) (e.g., hardness, modulus, strain, impact resistance) compared to a corresponding polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) without silica nanoparticles.

[0181] The manufacturing method of the polymer-based part (e.g., adhesive layer) will now be discussed. In aspect, the method may include forming a composition comprising: an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyurethane, an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether, and an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated siloxane. Alternatively, the composition may be provided by purchase. As used herein, an "alkoxysilane" compound refers to a compound comprising at least "R1-O-Si-R2", wherein R1 is an alkyl chain (e.g., C2 to C32, C3 to C16, C4 to C8, or any range or sub-range therebetween), and R2 is the remainder of the compound. For example, an alkylsilane may be a trialkoxysilane, wherein the silicon atom is combined with three alkoxy groups in addition to being combined with the remainder of the compound, wherein R1-O is an alkoxy compound. Without wishing to be bound by theory, (a) one or more alkoxy groups of the alkoxysilane may be hydrolyzed to form a hydroxyl compound, and / or (b) one or more of the alkoxy groups may act as a leaving group when the alkoxysilane reacts with another alkoxysilane compound or a silanol compound. As used herein, a "silanol" compound refers to a compound comprising at least "HO-Si-R2", wherein R2 is the remainder of the compound. For example, a silanol may be a trisilanol compound comprising three hydroxyl (OH) groups bonded to a silicon atom in addition to being bonded to the remainder of the compound. In other aspects, the silicon atom of an alkoxysilane-terminated compound or a silanol-terminated compound may include both alkoxy compounds and silanol compounds (e.g., alkoxydisilanol, dialkoxysilanol).

[0182] In one aspect, both ends of the alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyurethane may be terminated by alkoxysilane, silanol, or a combination thereof. In aspects, the composition may include an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyurethane in an amount of about 50 wt % or more, about 52 wt % or more, about 55 wt % or more, about 57 wt % or more, about 60 wt % or more, about 62 wt % or more, about 65 wt % or more, about 67 wt % or more, about 70 wt % or more, about 72 wt % or more, about 75 wt % or more, about 77 wt % or more, about 80 wt % or more, about 90 wt % or less, about 88 wt % or less, about 86 wt % or less, about 85 wt % or less, about 83 wt % or less, about 80 wt % or less, about 78 wt % or less, about 75 wt % or less, about 73 wt % or less, about 70 wt % or less, about 65 wt % or less, or about 60 wt % or less, based on 100 wt % of the composition (excluding the curing catalyst). In aspects, the composition may include an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyurethane in an amount ranging from about 50 wt % to about 90 wt %, from about 52 wt % to about 88 wt %, from about 52 wt % to about 86 wt %, from about 55 wt % to about 85 wt %, from about 60 wt % to about 82 wt %, from about 60 wt % to about 80 wt %, from about 62 wt % to about 78 wt %, from about 65 wt % to about 75 wt %, from about 67 wt % to about 73 wt %, from about 70 wt % to about 73 wt %, or any range or sub-range therebetween, based on 100 wt % of the composition (excluding the curing catalyst). In one aspect, based on 100% by weight of the composition (excluding the curing catalyst), the amount of the alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyurethane included in the composition can be about 75% by weight or less, such as the following range: about 50% by weight to 75% by weight, about 52% by weight to about 72% by weight, about 55% by weight to about 70% by weight, about 57% by weight to about 67% by weight, about 60% by weight to about 65% by weight, about 60% by weight to about 63% by weight, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In one aspect, based on 100% by weight of the composition (excluding the curing catalyst), the amount of the alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyurethane included in the composition can be about 75% by weight or more, such as the following range: about 75% by weight to about 90% by weight, about 77% by weight to about 88% by weight, about 80% by weight to about 86% by weight, about 83% by weight to about 85% by weight, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0183] In one aspect, both ends of the alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether can be terminated by alkoxysilane, silanol or a combination thereof. In one aspect, based on 100 wt % of the composition (excluding the curing catalyst), the amount of the alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether included in the composition can be: about 6 wt % or more, about 7 wt % or more, about 9 wt % or more, about 10 wt % or more, about 12 wt % or more, about 15 wt % or more, about 17 wt % or more, about 19 wt % or more, about 30 wt % or less, about 40 wt % or less, about 35 wt % or less, about 32 wt % or less, about 30 wt % or less, about 27 wt % or less, about 25 wt % or less, about 22 wt % or less, about 20 wt % or less, about 17 wt % or less, about 15 wt % or less, about 12 wt % or less, or about 10 wt % or less. In one aspect, the composition may include an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether in an amount ranging from about 6 wt % to about 40 wt %, from about 7 wt % to about 35 wt %, from about 9 wt % to about 32 wt %, from about 10 wt % to about 30 wt %, from about 12 wt % to about 27 wt %, from about 15 wt % to about 25 wt %, from about 17 wt % to about 22 wt %, and from about 17 wt % to about 20 wt %, based on 100 wt % of the composition (excluding the curing catalyst).

[0184] In one aspect, both ends of the alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated siloxane can be terminated by alkoxysilane, silanol or a combination thereof. In one aspect, based on 100 wt % of the composition (excluding the curing catalyst), the amount of the alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated siloxane contained in the composition can be: about 4 wt % or more, about 5 wt % or more, about 6 wt % or more, about 7 wt % or more, about 8 wt % or more, about 9 wt % or more, about 10 wt % or more, about 11 wt % or more, about 12 wt % or more, about 15 wt % or more, about 20 wt % or less, about 18 wt % or less, about 16 wt % or less, about 15 wt % or less, about 14 wt % or less, about 13 wt % or less, about 12 wt % or less, about 11 wt % or less, about 10 wt % or less, about 9 wt % or less, about 8 wt % or less, about 7 wt % or less, or about 6 wt % or less. In aspects, the composition may include an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated siloxane in an amount ranging from about 4 wt % to about 20 wt %, from about 5 wt % to about 18 wt %, from about 6 wt % to about 15 wt %, from about 7 wt % to about 15 wt %, from about 7 wt % to about 14 wt %, from about 8 wt % to about 13 wt %, from about 8 wt % to about 12 wt %, from about 9 wt % to about 11 wt %, from about 9 wt % to about 10 wt %, or any range or sub-range therebetween, based on 100 wt % of the composition (excluding the curing catalyst).

[0185] Throughout this disclosure, the "molecular weight" of a polymer chain is measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) calibrated with a polystyrene (PS) standard. As used herein, the term "molecular weight" means the number average molecular weight (Mn). The number average molecular weight is calculated by summing the product of the molecular weight and the portion of the polymer having the molecular weight. In aspects, the molecular weight Mn of an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated siloxane may be about 100 Daltons or greater, about 200 Daltons or greater, about 300 Daltons or greater, 400 Daltons or greater, about 500 Daltons or greater, about 600 Daltons or greater, about 1,000 Daltons or less, about 900 Daltons or less, about 800 Daltons or less, about 700 Daltons or less, about 600 Daltons or less, or about 500 Daltons or less. In aspects, the molecular weight Mn of the alkoxysilane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane can be in the range of about 100 Daltons to about 1,000 Daltons, about 200 Daltons to about 900 Daltons, about 300 Daltons to about 800 Daltons, about 400 Daltons to about 700 Daltons, about 500 Daltons to about 600 Daltons, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the siloxane in the alkoxysilane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane can be PDMS.

[0186] The method may include adding a curing catalyst to the composition. Without being limited by theory, the curing reaction will start and / or accelerate after the curing catalyst is added. Therefore, the curing catalyst may be added slightly before the composition is used (e.g., arranged in a foldable device or cured in any other way). In aspect, the curing catalyst may include a transition metal compound. For example, the curing catalyst may be tetrabutyl titanate. In aspect, based on 100% by weight of the composition (excluding the curing catalyst), the amount of the curing catalyst added to the composition may be: about 0.5% by weight or more, about 0.7% by weight or more, about 0.9% by weight or more, about 1.0% by weight or more, about 1.2% by weight or more, about 1.5% by weight or more, about 1.8% by weight or more, about 2.0% by weight or more, about 5% by weight or less, about 4% by weight or less, about 3.0% by weight or less, about 2.5% by weight or less, about 2.0% by weight or less, about 1.8% by weight or less, about 1.5% by weight or less, about 1.2% by weight or less, or about 1.0% by weight or less. In aspects, the amount of curing catalyst added to the composition can be in the range of about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt %, about 0.5 wt % to about 4 wt %, about 0.5 wt % to about 3.0 wt %, about 0.5 wt % to about 2.5 wt %, about 0.5 wt % to about 2.0 wt %, about 0.6 wt % to about 1.8 wt %, about 0.7 wt % to about 1.5 wt %, about 0.8 wt % to about 1.2 wt %, about 0.9 wt % to about 1.0 wt %, or any range or sub-range therebetween, based on 100 wt % of the composition (excluding the curing catalyst).

[0187] like Figure 10-11 As shown, composition 1003 can be dispensed from container 1001 (e.g., a catheter, a hose, a micropipette, or a syringe) onto a surface (e.g., first major surface 203 or 303 of foldable substrate 201 or 307) to form a composition that can be cured to form a polymer-based portion (e.g., Figure 2-3 In the aspect, as shown, the composition can be dispensed onto a component surface of a foldable device (described below) and / or a consumer electronic product (described below), but the composition can also be dispensed onto a mold (e.g., into a mold) for curing (e.g., when removed from the mold after curing to form a Figure 7 Adhesive layer 261 shown).

[0188] Throughout this disclosure, the viscosity of the composition is measured according to ASTM D562. Unless otherwise stated, the viscosity of the composition is measured at 23°C (1 minute after adding the curing catalyst to the remainder of the composition) using a DV Plus viscometer (model DVPLLV from Ametek Brookfield), which roughly represents the viscosity of the composition dispensed as described in the previous paragraph. In aspects, the viscosity of the composition can be: about 3 Pascal-seconds (Pa-s) or greater, about 4 Pa-s or greater, about 5 Pa-s or greater, about 6 Pa-s or greater, about 8 Pa-s or greater, about 10 Pa-s or greater, about 15 Pa-s or greater, about 20 Pa-s or greater, about 30 Pa-s or less, about 25 Pa-s or less, about 20 Pa-s or less, about 15 Pa-s or less, about 12 Pa-s or less, about 10 Pa-s or less, or about 7 Pa-s or less. In aspects, the viscosity of the composition can be in the range of about 3 Pa-s to about 30 Pa-s, about 4 Pa-s to about 25 Pa-s, about 5 Pa-s to about 20 Pa-s, about 6 Pa-s to about 15 Pa-s, about 8 Pa-s to about 12 Pa-s, about 8 Pa-s to about 10 Pa-s, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0189] After the composition (including the curing catalyst) is dispensed, the composition can be cured to form a polymer-based portion (e.g., an adhesive layer). In aspects, the curing of the composition can include and / or consist of moisture curing. In other aspects, the curing of the composition can not involve heating the composition (e.g., exceeding 40°C) and / or impinging the composition with a predetermined wavelength of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., activating a photoinitiator). In aspects, the curing of the composition occurs in an environment maintained at a temperature of about 20°C or more, about 23°C or more, about 25°C or more, about 27°C or more, about 30°C or more, about 40°C or less, about 37°C or less, about 35°C or less, about 33°C or less, about 30°C or less, about 27°C or less, or about 25°C or less. In aspects, curing of the composition occurs in an environment maintained at a temperature in the range of about 20°C to about 40°C, about 20°C to about 37°C, about 23°C to about 35°C, about 23°C to about 33°C, about 25°C to about 30°C, about 25°C to about 27°C, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, curing of the composition may include waiting for a predetermined period of time, for example, about 10 minutes or more, about 30 minutes or more, about 1 hour or more, about 2 hours or more, about 48 hours or less, about 24 hours or less, about 8 hours or less, about 4 hours or less, about 2 hours or less, or about 1 hour or less. In aspects, curing of the composition may include waiting for a predetermined period of time in the range of about 10 minutes to about 48 hours, about 30 minutes to about 24 hours, about 1 hour to about 8 hours, about 2 hours to about 4 hours, or any range or sub-range therebetween. After the composition is cured to form a polymer-based part (e.g., adhesive layer), the method can be completed. Alternatively, the method can also include assembling to obtain a foldable device and / or a consumer electronic product. Without being limited to theory, curing may include condensation reactions of alkylsilanes and / or silane-terminated groups from components of the composition, which may form silane bonds between polyether blocks (corresponding to the case of alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyethers), silane bonds between polyurethane blocks (corresponding to the case of alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyurethanes), and / or silane bonds between siloxane blocks (corresponding to the case of alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated siloxanes). In aspect, the resulting polymer-based part (e.g., adhesive layer) may include any (or all) properties discussed above for the polymer-based part (e.g., adhesive layer), falling within one or more ranges discussed above (e.g., elastic modulus, transmittance, haze, ultimate elongation, etc.).

[0190] Table 1 presents compositions AF containing components that can react to form a polymer-based portion (e.g., an adhesive layer) according to aspects of the present disclosure. It is understood that the amount of the corresponding blocks in the resulting polymer-based portion will be proportional and / or approximately the same as in the compositions set forth in Table 1. As shown, in compositions AF, the composition includes: (1) an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyurethane, (2) an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether, (3) an alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated siloxane, and (4) a curing catalyst. Composition A is the broadest, while composition F is the narrowest, with compositions BE being in between. As shown, for compositions AF, the alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyurethane will be the major component of the composition. As shown in composition F (and may also be true in compositions AE), there will be more alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether than alkoxysilane-terminated or silanol-terminated siloxane, but in other aspects, the opposite or equivalent may be the case. It is to be understood that Examples AF are illustrative and not exhaustive of all combinations of compositions for polymer-based portions (e.g., adhesive layers) that fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0191] Table 1: Composition of polymer-based fractions

[0192]

[0193] As used herein, a parallel plate apparatus 501 (see FIG. 506 ) is used to measure the “parallel plate spacing” of a polymer-based portion (e.g., an adhesive layer) in a parallel plate test for a polymer and a dynamic cycle test for a polymer, with the following test configuration and process, wherein the parallel plate apparatus 501 includes a pair of parallel rigid stainless steel plates 503 and 505, which includes a first rigid stainless steel plate 503 and a second rigid stainless steel plate 505. When measuring a polymer-based portion (e.g., Figure 7 When the "parallel plate spacing" of the adhesive layer 261 shown in FIG. Figure 6As shown, the adhesive layer 261 is placed between a glass-based substrate (e.g., foldable substrate 307) having a thickness of 30 μm (e.g., substrate thickness 315) and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plate 507 having a thickness 508 of 50 μm. Therefore, during the parallel plate test for polymers and the dynamic cycle test for polymers, a test device (e.g., foldable device 601) is obtained in the following manner: four main surfaces 504 of the PET plate 507 having a thickness 508 of 50 μm contact the first contact surface 263 of the adhesive layer 261, and the second contact surface 265 of the adhesive layer 261 contact the first main surface 303 of the foldable substrate 307 having a substrate thickness 315 of 30 μm. Therefore, as Figure 7 The adhesive layer 261 shown may be modified and folded (as described herein) to form a Figure 6 The foldable device 601 shown is folded. Figure 6 The foldable device 601 shown folded can be formed from the adhesive layer 261 of the foldable device 101 or 301 by extracting the adhesive layer 261 therefrom and sandwiching the adhesive layer 261 between a glass-based substrate (e.g., foldable device 307) having a thickness of 30 μm (e.g., substrate thickness 315) and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plate 507 having a thickness of 50 μm for parallel plate testing for polymers and dynamic cycling testing for polymers. For the parallel plate testing for polymers and the dynamic cycling testing for polymers, the glass-based substrate comprises the following composition, in mole %, nominally: 69.1 SiO2, 10.2 Al2O3, 15.1 Na2O, 0.01 K2O, 5.5 MgO, 0.09 SnO2.

[0194] In the parallel plate test for polymers, the test device described above (e.g., the foldable device 601 that folds) is placed between the parallel rigid stainless steel plate pair 503 and 505, so that the second major surface 305 (opposite to the first major surface 303) of the glass-based substrate (e.g., the foldable substrate 307 with a substrate thickness 315 of 30 μm) is in contact with the parallel rigid stainless steel plates 503 and 503, and the third major surface 506 (opposite to the fourth major surface 504) of the PET plate 507 is on the inside of the foldable device 601 that folds and faces itself. Then, in the parallel plate test for polymers, the spacing between the parallel plates 503 and 505 is reduced at a rate of 50 μm / second until the parallel plate spacing 611 equals the "parallel plate spacing" to be tested. The foldable device 601 that folds is maintained at the parallel plate spacing to be tested in the parallel plate device 501 for 7 days in an environment maintained at 23°C and 50% relative humidity. If the test device does not fail while maintaining the parallel plate spacing for the test for 7 days, the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) in the test device (e.g., a foldable device that folds) can withstand a predetermined parallel plate spacing. As used herein, the terms "failure" and "failure" refer to rupture, destruction, delamination or crack propagation. Similarly, in a parallel plate test for polymers, if the test device containing a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) resists failure when maintained at a parallel plate spacing of "X" for 7 days at about 25°C and about 50% relative humidity, the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) achieves a parallel plate spacing of "X" or has a parallel plate spacing of "X" or includes a parallel plate spacing of "X". As used herein, "minimum parallel plate spacing" is the minimum parallel plate spacing that the test device (e.g., a foldable device that folds) can withstand without failure under the conditions and constructions described above.

[0195] In aspects, in a parallel plate test for a polymer, a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can achieve a parallel plate spacing of 100 mm or less, 50 mm or less, 20 mm or less, 10 mm or less, 5 mm or less, 4 mm or less, or 3 mm or less. In other aspects, a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can achieve a parallel plate spacing of 50 millimeters (mm), or 20 mm, or 10 mm, or 5 mm, 4 mm, or 3 mm. In aspects, in a parallel plate test for a polymer, a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can include a minimum parallel plate spacing of about 40 mm or less, about 20 mm or less, about 10 mm or less, about 5 mm or less, about 4 mm or less, about 3 mm or less, about 1 mm or less, about 1 mm or more, about 3 mm or more, about 5 mm or more, or about 10 mm or more. In aspects, in a parallel plate test for polymers, the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can include a minimum parallel plate spacing in the range of about 1 mm to about 40 mm, about 1 mm to about 20 mm, about 1 mm to about 10 mm, about 1 mm to about 5 mm, about 1 mm to about 4 mm, about 1 mm to about 3 mm. In aspects, in a parallel plate test for polymers, the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can achieve a minimum parallel plate spacing in the range of about 2 mm to about 40 mm, about 2 mm to about 20 mm, about 2 mm to about 10 mm, about 3 mm to about 10 mm, about 3 mm to about 5 mm, about 5 mm to about 10 mm, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0196] When the test device is released from the parallel plate apparatus 501 after parallel plate testing for polymers, the test device may exhibit residual warpage. Fig.12 As shown, the warpage 1209 of the test device (e.g., the folded foldable device 601) is measured immediately after the test device is released from the parallel plate spacing, and the third major surface 506 of the PET sheet is placed to face the direction of gravity and the stainless steel surface 1205 polished with #0000 steel wool (Bonstar Corporation). The warpage 1209 is measured as the maximum spacing in the direction of gravity between the third major surface 506 of the PET sheet and the surface 1205.

[0197] In aspects, the warp of a 100 mm long section of a polymer-based portion (e.g., an adhesive layer) tested in a parallel plate test for polymers (for a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm, with the length oriented in the direction of the parallel plate spacing) can be: about 50 mm or less, about 30 mm or less, about 25 mm or less, about 20 mm or less, about 19 mm or less, about 18 mm or less, about 17 mm or less, about 16 mm or less, about 15 mm or less, about 12 mm or less, about 10 mm or less, about 8 mm or less, about 6 mm or less, about 5 mm or less, about 4 mm or less, about 3 mm or less, or about 2 mm or less. In aspects, the warp of a polymer-based portion (e.g., an adhesive layer) is measured as a slope (i.e., the warp 1209 divided by the length of the polymer-based portion). Fig.12 and 6 The length dimension of the foldable device 601 in the flat configuration shown (immediately after testing in the parallel plate test for polymers) (for a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm, the length is oriented in the direction of the parallel plate spacing) can be: about 0.5 or less, about 0.3 or less, about 0.25 or less, about 0.2 or less (e.g., about 0.20 or less), about 0.18 or less, about 0.17 or less, about 0.16 or less, about 0.15 or less, or about 0.1 or less (e.g., about 0.10 or less), about 0.08 or less, about 0.06 or less, about 0.05 or less, about 0.04 or less, about 0.03 or less, or about 0.02 or less.

[0198] In the dynamic cycle test for polymers, the test device as described above (e.g., the foldable device 601 that folds) is placed between the parallel rigid stainless steel plates 503 and 505, so that the second major surface 305 (opposite to the first major surface 303) of the glass-based substrate (e.g., the foldable substrate 307 with a substrate thickness 315 of 30 μm) is in contact with the parallel rigid stainless steel plates 503 and 503, and the third major surface 506 (opposite to the fourth major surface 504) of the PET plate 507 is on the inside of the foldable device 601 that folds and faces itself. In the dynamic cycle test for polymers, "cycling" includes decreasing the parallel plate spacing 611 between the parallel plates 503 and 505 from a spacing of 100 mm until the parallel plate spacing 611 equals the "parallel plate spacing" to be tested and then increasing the parallel plate spacing to 100 mm. The folded foldable device 601 is cycled for 200,000 cycles at a cycle rate of 30 cycles per minute in an environment maintained at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity. If the test device does not fail during the 200,000 cycles, the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) in the test device (e.g., folded foldable device) can withstand the predetermined parallel plate spacing.

[0199] In aspects, in a dynamic cycle test for a polymer, a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can achieve a parallel plate spacing of 100 mm or less, 50 mm or less, 20 mm or less, 10 mm or less, 5 mm or less, 4 mm or less, or 3 mm or less. In other aspects, a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can achieve a parallel plate spacing of 50 millimeters (mm), or 20 mm, or 10 mm, or 5 mm, 4 mm, or 3 mm. In aspects, in a dynamic cycle test for a polymer, a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can include a minimum parallel plate spacing of about 40 mm or less, about 20 mm or less, about 10 mm or less, about 5 mm or less, about 4 mm or less, about 3 mm or less, about 1 mm or less, about 1 mm or more, about 3 mm or more, about 5 mm or more, or about 10 mm or more. In aspects, in a dynamic cyclic test for a polymer, a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can include a minimum parallel plate spacing in the following range: about 1 mm to about 40 mm, about 1 mm to about 20 mm, about 1 mm to about 10 mm, about 1 mm to about 5 mm, about 1 mm to about 4 mm, about 1 mm to about 3 mm. In aspects, in a dynamic cyclic test for a polymer, a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can achieve a minimum parallel plate spacing in the following range: about 2 mm to about 40 mm, about 2 mm to about 20 mm, about 2 mm to about 10 mm, about 3 mm to about 10 mm, about 3 mm to about 5 mm, about 5 mm to about 10 mm, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0200] When the test device is released from the parallel plate apparatus 501 after dynamic cyclic testing for polymers, the test device may exhibit residual warpage. Fig.12 As shown and described above, the warpage 1209 of the test device (e.g., the folded foldable device 601) is measured immediately after the dynamic cycle test for the polymer is completed, so that the third major surface 506 of the PET sheet faces the direction of gravity and the surface 1205 of the aluminum sheet (6063 aluminum alloy, polished to a surface roughness of 400 grit paper). The warpage 1209 is measured as the maximum distance in the direction of gravity between the third major surface 506 of the PET sheet and the surface 1205.

[0201] In aspects, the warp of a 100 mm long section of a polymer-based portion (e.g., an adhesive layer) tested in a dynamic cyclic test for polymers (for a 3 mm parallel plate spacing, the length is oriented in the direction of the parallel plate spacing) can be: about 50 mm or less, about 30 mm or less, about 25 mm or less, about 20 mm or less, about 19 mm or less, about 18 mm or less, about 17 mm or less, about 16 mm or less, about 15 mm or less, about 12 mm or less, about 10 mm or less, about 8 mm or less, about 6 mm or less, about 5 mm or less, about 4 mm or less, about 3 mm or less, or about 2 mm or less. In aspects, the warp of a polymer-based portion (e.g., an adhesive layer) is measured as a slope (i.e., the warp 1209 divided by the length of the polymer-based portion). Fig.12 and 6 The length dimension of the foldable device 601 in the flat configuration shown (immediately after testing in the dynamic cyclic test for polymers) (for a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm, the length is oriented in the direction of the parallel plate spacing) can be: about 0.5 or less, about 0.3 or less, about 0.25 or less, about 0.2 or less (e.g., about 0.20 or less), about 0.18 or less, about 0.17 or less, about 0.16 or less, about 0.15 or less, or about 0.1 or less (e.g., about 0.10 or less), about 0.08 or less, about 0.06 or less, about 0.05 or less, about 0.04 or less, about 0.03 or less, or about 0.02 or less.

[0202] As used herein, the "pencil drop for polymers" test and the "quasi-static penetration for polymers" test use a multilayer device constructed with the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) to be tested. Fig.13The illustrated exemplary multilayer device 1301 includes a glass-based substrate 1331 including a substrate thickness 1337 of 30 μm, which in turn contacts a test adhesive layer 1323 including a test adhesive thickness 1327 of 25 μm, which in turn contacts a first PET plate 1313 including a first thickness 1317 of 50 μm, which in turn contacts a first contact surface 263 of an adhesive layer 261 (e.g., a polymer-based portion to be tested). In addition, a second major surface 1312 of a second PET plate 1303 is attached to a second contact surface 265 of an adhesive layer 261 (e.g., a polymer-based portion to be tested), wherein the second PET plate 1303 has a second thickness 1307 of 50 μm. The test adhesive layer 1323 includes CEF 3501 (available from 3M Company). The glass-based substrate 1331 comprises the following composition, in mol %, nominally: 69.1 SiO2, 10.2 Al2O3, 15.1 Na2O, 0.01 K2O, 5.5 MgO, 0.09 SnO2. The first major surface 1302 of the second PET sheet 1303 (opposite to the second major surface 1312) forms an outer surface of the multilayer device 1301. The other outer surface of the multilayer device 1301 is the third major surface 1304 of the glass-based substrate 1333. Unless otherwise specified, the adhesive thickness 267 of the adhesive layer 261 in the multilayer device 1301 for the "pencil drop for polymer" test and the "quasi-static penetration for polymer" test is 50 μm.

[0203] The "pen drop for polymers" test was performed as follows: the third major surface 1304 of the glass-based substrate 1333 was placed on an aluminum plate (6063 aluminum alloy, polished to a surface roughness of 400 grit paper) so that the third major surface 1304 of the glass-based substrate 1333 contacted the aluminum plate. No tape was used on the side of the sample that was on the aluminum plate. The third major surface 1304 faced the direction of gravity. As described herein, a load (i.e., a pen dropped from a certain height) was applied to the outer major surface (e.g., the first major surface 1302 of the second PET plate 1303). The pen drop for polymers uses a conduit to guide the pen to the outer surface of the foldable device. For Fig.13 In the multilayer device 1301, the pen is guided to an outer major surface (e.g., the first major surface 1302 of the second PET plate 1303), and the tube is placed in contact with the first major surface 1302 of the second PET plate 1303 so that the longitudinal axis of the tube is substantially perpendicular to the outer major surface, and the longitudinal axis of the tube extends in the direction of gravity.

[0204] See also Fig.14, the pen-dropping device 1401 includes a ballpoint pen 1403, which is a BIC Easy Glide Pen, Fine, including a 0.7 mm (0.68 mm) diameter tungsten carbide ball tip, and the weight including the pen cap is 5.73 grams (g). The ballpoint pen 1403 is maintained at a predetermined height 1409 from the outer surface of the multilayer device (e.g., the first major surface 1302 of the second PET plate 1303). A tube (not shown for clarity) is used as part of the pen-dropping device 1401 to guide the ballpoint pen 1403 to the outer surface of the sample (e.g., the first major surface 1302 of the second PET plate 1303), and the tube is placed in contact with the first major surface 1302 so that the longitudinal axis of the tube is substantially perpendicular to the outer major surface, and the longitudinal axis of the tube extends in the direction of gravity. The tube has an outer diameter of 1 inch (2.54 cm), an inner diameter of 9 / 16 inches (1.4 cm), and a length of 90 cm. For each test, the ballpoint pen 1403 was held at a predetermined height 1409 using an acrylonitrile butadiene ("ABS") spacer (not shown).

[0205] For the pen drop test for polymers, the ballpoint pen 1403 is dropped with the cap attached to the top end (i.e., the end opposite the ballpoint pen tip 1405) so that the ballpoint pen tip 1405 can interact with the test sample (e.g., the first major surface 1302). In the drop sequence according to the pen drop test for polymers, a pen drop is performed at an initial height of 1 cm, followed by drops in 0.5 cm increments (up to 20 cm), and then after 20 cm, in 2 cm increments until the test sample fails. After each drop, any observable evidence of cracks, failures, or other damage to the sample is recorded, as well as the specific pen drop height. After each drop, the catheter is repositioned relative to the outer surface of the sample to be tested, thereby guiding the ballpoint pen 1403 to a different impact location on the outer surface of the sample to be tested. The ballpoint pen is replaced with a new pen every 5 drops and each time a new multi-layer device is tested. Furthermore, unless otherwise noted, all pen drops were made at random locations on first major surface 1302 at or near the center of first major surface 1302, with no pen drops made near or on the edge of the sample. Using the pen drop test for polymers, multiple samples can be tested according to the same drop sequence to produce groups with improved statistical accuracy.

[0206] For the purpose of the pen drop test for polymers, "failure" refers to the formation of a visually observable mechanical defect in the stack. The mechanical defect can be a crack or plastic deformation (e.g., a surface indentation). The crack can be a surface crack or a through crack. The crack may form on the inner or outer surface of the multilayer device 1301. The crack may extend through the entirety or a portion of the multilayer device 1301 or its layers (e.g., the second PET sheet 1303, the glass-based substrate 1333). Visually observable mechanical defects have a minimum dimension of 0.2 mm or greater.

[0207] In aspects, in a pen drop test for polymers, such as Fig.13 The polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) of the multilayer device shown withstands pen drop and resists failure for a pen drop height of 10 centimeters (cm), 12 cm, 14 cm, 16 cm, 18 cm, 20 cm, 21 cm, 22 cm, 23 cm, 24 cm, or 25 cm. As used herein, a "threshold height" is the maximum pen drop height that a foldable device can withstand without failure. In aspects, a threshold height (e.g., a pen drop threshold height in a pen drop test for a polymer, such as Fig.13 The polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) in the multi-layer device shown can be: 12 cm or more, about 14 cm or more, about 16 cm or more, about 18 cm or more, about 20 cm or more, about 21 cm or more, about 22 cm or more, about 23 cm or more, about 24 cm or more, about 25 cm or more, about 40 cm or less, about 35 cm or less, about 30 cm or less, about 28 cm or less, 25 cm or less, about 22 cm or less, or about 20 cm or less. In aspects, in a pen drop test for polymers, the pen drop threshold height of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) in the multi-layer device can be as follows: about 12 cm to about 40 cm, about 14 cm to about 40 cm, about 16 cm to about 35 cm, about 18 cm to about 35 cm, about 20 cm to about 30 cm, about 21 cm to about 28 cm, about 22 cm to about 25 cm, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0208] In a quasi-static puncture test for polymers, a tungsten carbide ball with a predetermined diameter is placed on an outer surface (e.g., the first major surface 1302 of the multilayer device 1301) and pressed into the outer surface at a rate of 0.5 mm / minute until failure. The multilayer device 1301 is configured so that the third major surface 1304 of the glass-based substrate 1333 is placed on an aluminum plate (6063 aluminum alloy, polished to a surface roughness of 400 mesh paper) so that the third major surface 1304 of the glass-based substrate 1333 contacts the aluminum plate. No strips are used on the side of the sample that is on the aluminum plate. Unless otherwise specified, the predetermined diameter of the tungsten carbide ball is 0.5 mm. The polymer-based portion may exhibit the following puncture resistance as measured in a quasi-static puncture test for polymers: 2.0 kgf or more, 2.5 kgf or more, 3.0 kgf or more, 3.5 kgf or more, 4.0 kgf or more, 4.2 kgf or more, 4.4 kgf or more, 4.5 kgf or more, 4.6 kgf or more, 4.7 kgf or more, 4.8 kgf or more, 4.9 kgf or more, 5.0 kgf or more.

[0209] Figure 1-3 5-6 show views of foldable devices 101, 301, 401, and 801 including foldable substrates 201 or 307 according to aspects of the present disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, a discussion of features for an aspect of a foldable device may be equally applicable to corresponding features of any aspect of the present disclosure. For example, throughout the present disclosure, the same part number may indicate that, in some aspects, the referred features are consistent with each other, and unless otherwise specified, a discussion of the referred features of one aspect may be equally applicable to the referred features of any other aspect of the present disclosure.

[0210] Figure 2-3 Schematically showing exemplary aspects of foldable devices 101 and 301, respectively, in an unfolded (e.g., flat) configuration including a foldable substrate 201 or 307, such that a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) is attached thereto, and Figure 5-6 Exemplary aspects of foldable devices 401 and 601 including foldable substrates 201 or 601 are shown in a folded configuration such that a polymer-based portion (eg, adhesive layer 261 ) is attached thereto according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0211] like Figure 2 and 5 As shown, the foldable device 101 includes: a first portion 221, a second portion 231, and a central portion 241 located between the first portion 221 and the second portion 231. Figure 2 and 5As shown, the foldable devices 101 and 401 can include a release liner 271, but other substrates (e.g., glass-based substrates and / or ceramic-based substrates discussed throughout this application) can be used in other aspects without the release liner 271 shown. Figure 2-3 As shown in FIG. 5-6 , the foldable device 101 , 301 , 401 , and 601 includes an adhesive layer 261 . In the aspect, as Figure 2 and 5 As shown, the foldable device 101 and 401 may include a polymer-based portion 281. Figure 2 and 5 As shown, the foldable substrate 201 may include a recess 211. It is to be understood that in addition to the adhesive layer 261, any foldable device of the present disclosure may include: a second substrate (e.g., a glass-based substrate and / or a ceramic-based substrate), a release liner 271, a display device, a coating, an additional adhesive layer, and / or a polymer-based portion 281.

[0212] Throughout this disclosure, see Figure 1 , the width 103 of the foldable device 101, 301, 401 and / or 601 is regarded as the dimension of the foldable device selected between the opposite edges of the foldable device in the direction 104 of the folding axis 102 of the foldable device, wherein the direction 104 also includes the direction of the width 103. In addition, throughout the present disclosure, the length 105 of the foldable device 101, 301, 401 and / or 601 is regarded as the dimension of the foldable device 101, 301, 401 and / or 601 selected between the opposite edges of the foldable device 101, 301, 401 and / or 601 in the direction 106 perpendicular to the folding axis 102 of the foldable device 101, 301, 401 and / or 601. In aspects, as Figure 1 As shown, the foldable device of any aspect of the present disclosure may include a folding surface 109, which includes a folding axis 102 when the foldable device is in a flat configuration (e.g., see Figure 2 and 4 ). The folding surface 109 may include the central axis 107 of the foldable device. In other aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the folding surface 109 can extend along the central axis 107 (and / or folding axis) and is the direction of the substrate thickness 207 when the foldable device is in a flat configuration. In the aspect, the foldable device can be folded in a direction 111 about a folding axis 102 extending in a direction 104 of a width 103 (see Figure 1 ), thereby forming a folded structure (see, for example, Figure 5-6). As shown, the foldable device can include a single folding axis to allow the foldable device to include a bifold, wherein, for example, the foldable device can be folded in half. In other aspects, the foldable device can include two or more folding axes, each folding axis including a corresponding central portion similar to or consistent with the central portion 241 discussed herein. For example, providing two folding axes can allow the foldable device to include a trifold, wherein, for example, the foldable device can be folded such that a first portion 221, a second portion 231, and a third portion similar to or consistent with the first portion or the second portion are folded, respectively, by the central portion 241 and another central portion (which is similar to or consistent with the central portion placed between the first portion and the second portion and is located between the second portion and the third portion).

[0213] Foldable substrate 201 and / or 307 may include a glass-based substrate and / or a ceramic-based substrate having a pencil hardness of 8H or higher (e.g., 9H or higher). As used herein, pencil hardness is measured using ASTM D 3363-20 with a standard lead graded pencil. Providing a glass-based foldable substrate and / or a ceramic-based foldable substrate may enhance puncture resistance and / or impact resistance.

[0214] In aspect, foldable substrate 201 and / or 307 may include a glass-based substrate. As used herein, "glass-based" includes both glass and glass ceramics, wherein the glass ceramic has: one or more crystalline phases, and an amorphous residual glass phase. Glass-based materials (e.g., glass-based substrates) may include amorphous materials (e.g., glass) and optionally one or more crystalline materials (e.g., ceramics). Amorphous materials and glass-based materials may be strengthened. As used herein, the term "strengthened" may refer to a material that has been chemically strengthened by, for example, exchanging smaller ions in the substrate surface with larger ions, as discussed below. However, other strengthening methods may also be used, such as using thermal tempering or a mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between substrate portions to produce compressive stress and central tension regions to form a strengthened substrate. Exemplary glass-based materials (which may be free of lithium oxide or contain lithium oxide) include: soda-lime silicate glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminoborosilicate glass, alkali-containing phosphosilicate glass, and alkali-containing aluminophosphosilicate glass. In aspects, the glass-based material may include an alkali-containing glass or an alkali-free glass, either of which may be free of or contain lithium oxide. In aspects, the glass material may be free of alkali and / or contain a low content of alkali metals (e.g., about 10 mol% or less of R2O, wherein R2O includes Li2O, Na2O, K2O, or a broader list provided below). In one or more aspects, in terms of mole percentage (mol%), the glass-based material may include: SiO2 about 40 mol% to about 80%, Al2O3 about 5 mol% to about 30 mol%, B2O3 0 mol% to about 10 mol%, ZrO2 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, P2O5 0 mol% to about 15 mol%, TiO2 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, R2O 0 mol% to about 20 mol%, and RO 0 mol% to about 15 mol%. As used herein, R2O will refer to alkali metal oxides, such as Li2O, Na2O, K2O, Rb2O, and Cs2O. As used herein, RO refers to MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, and ZnO. In aspects, the glass-based substrate may also optionally include 0 mol % to about 2 mol % of each of: Na2SO4, NaCl, NaF, NaBr, K2SO4, KCl, KF, KBr, As2O3, Sb2O3, SnO2, Fe2O3, MnO, MnO2, MnO3, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, Mn2O7. "Glass-ceramics" include materials produced by controlled crystallization of glass. In aspects, the glass-ceramics have about 1% to about 99% crystallinity.Examples of suitable glass ceramics may include Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system (i.e., LAS system) glass ceramics, MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system (i.e., MAS system) glass ceramics, ZnO×Al2O3×nSiO2 (i.e., ZAS system) and / or glass ceramics including a main crystalline phase containing β-quartz solid solution, β-spodumene, cordierite, petalite and / or lithium disilicate. The glass ceramic substrate may be strengthened by a chemical strengthening process. In one or more aspects, the MAS system glass ceramic substrate may be strengthened in a Li2SO4 molten salt, so that 2Li may be generated. + Mg 2+ exchange.

[0215] In aspects, the foldable substrate 201 and / or 307 may include a ceramic-based substrate. As used herein, "ceramic-based" includes both ceramics and glass-ceramics, wherein the glass-ceramics have: one or more crystalline phases, and an amorphous residual glass phase. Ceramic-based materials can be strengthened (e.g., chemically strengthened). In aspects, ceramic-based materials can be formed by heating a glass-based material to form a ceramic (e.g., crystalline) portion. In other aspects, ceramic-based materials may include one or more nucleating agents that promote the formation of a crystalline phase. In aspects, ceramic-based materials may include one or more oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, carbides, borides, and / or silicides. Exemplary aspects of ceramic oxides include zirconium oxide (ZrO2), zirconium (ZrSiO4), alkali metal oxides (e.g., sodium oxide (Na2O)), alkaline earth metal oxides (e.g., magnesium oxide (MgO)), titanium dioxide (TiO2), hafnium oxide (Hf2O), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), iron oxide, beryllium oxide, vanadium oxide (VO2), fused silica, mullite (a mineral containing a combination of aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide), and spinel (MgAl2O4). Exemplary aspects of ceramic nitrides include silicon nitride (Si3N4), aluminum nitride (AlN), gallium nitride (GaN), beryllium nitride (Be3N2), boron nitride (BN), tungsten nitride (WN), vanadium nitride, alkaline earth metal nitrides (e.g., magnesium nitride (Mg3N2)), nickel nitride, and tantalum nitride. Exemplary aspects of oxynitride ceramics include silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxynitride, and SiAlON (a combination of aluminum oxide and silicon nitride, and may have a chemical formula such as Si 12-m-n Al m+n O n N 16-n 、Si 6-n Al n O n N 8-n or Si 2-n Al n O 1+nN 2-n , where m, n, and generated subscripts are all non-negative integers). Exemplary aspects of carbides and carbon-containing ceramics include silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten carbide (WC), iron carbide, boron carbide (B4C), alkali metal carbides such as lithium carbide (Li4C3), alkaline earth metal carbides such as magnesium carbide (Mg2C3), and graphite. Exemplary aspects of borides include chromium boride (CrB2), molybdenum boride (Mo2B5), tungsten boride (W2B5), iron boride, titanium boride, zirconium boride (ZrB2), hafnium boride (HfB2), vanadium boride (VB2), niobium boride (NbB2), and lanthanum boride (LaB6). Exemplary aspects of silicides include: molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2), tungsten disilicide (WSi2), titanium disilicide (TiSi2), nickel silicide (NiSi), alkaline earth silicides such as sodium silicide (NaSi), alkali metal silicides such as magnesium silicide (Mg2Si), hafnium disilicide (HfSi2), and platinum silicide (PtSi).

[0216] Throughout the present disclosure, ASTM D638 is used, using a tensile testing machine (e.g., Instron 3400 or Instron 6800), at 23°C and 50% relative humidity, with a Type I dog-bone shaped sample, to determine the tensile strength, ultimate elongation (e.g., failure strain) and yield point of polymer materials (e.g., adhesives, polymer-based parts); ISO 527-1:2019 is used to measure the elastic modulus (e.g., Young's modulus) and / or Poisson's ratio. Throughout the present disclosure, the resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy technique proposed in ASTM E2001-13, entitled "Standard Guide for Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in Both Metallic and Non-metallic Parts (Standard Guide for Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in Metallic and Non-metallic Parts)" is used to measure the Young's modulus of glass-based materials and ceramic-based materials. In aspects, the foldable substrate 201 and / or 307 can include a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material having an elastic modulus of about 10 gigapascals (GPa) or more, about 50 GPa or more, about 60 GPa or more, about 70 GPa or more, about 150 GPa or less, about 100 GPa or less, or about 80 or less. In aspects, the foldable substrate 201 and / or 307 including a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material can include an elastic modulus in the range of about 10 GPa to about 150 GPa, about 50 GPa to about 100 GPa, about 60 GPa to about 80 GPa, about 70 GPa to about 80 GPa, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0217] In aspects, the foldable substrate 201 and / or 307 can be optically transparent. As used herein, "transparent," "optically transparent," or "optically clear" means that the average transmittance in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm is 70% or greater through a 1.0 mm thick sheet of material. In aspects, an "optically transparent material" or "optically clear material" can have an average transmittance in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm of 75% or greater, 80% or greater, 85% or greater, 90% or greater, 92% or greater, 94% or greater, 96% or greater through a 1.0 mm thick sheet of material. The average transmittance in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm is calculated by measuring the transmittance at integer wavelengths from about 400 nm to about 700 nm and averaging the measurements.

[0218] like Figure 2-3As shown, foldable substrates 201 and 307 can include first major surfaces 203 and 303 and second major surfaces 205 and 305 opposite first major surfaces 203 and 303, respectively. As used herein, substrate thickness 207 or 315 can be defined as the average distance between first major surface 203 or 303 and second major surface 205 or 305. In aspects, substrate thickness 207 or 315 can be: about 10 micrometers (μm) or thicker, about 25 μm or thicker, about 40 μm or thicker, about 60 μm or thicker, about 80 μm or thicker, about 100 μm or thicker, about 125 μm or thicker, about 150 μm or thicker, about 5 millimeters (mm) or thinner, about 3 mm or thinner, about 2 mm or thinner, about 1 mm or thinner, about 800 μm or thinner, about 500 μm or thinner, about 400 μm or thinner, about 300 μm or thinner, about 200 μm or thinner, about 180 μm or thinner, or about 160 μm or thinner. In aspects, the substrate thickness 207 or 315 can be in the range of about 10 μm to about 5 mm, about 25 μm to about 5 mm, about 40 μm to about 5 mm, about 60 μm to about 5 mm, about 80 μm to about 5 mm, about 100 μm to about 3 mm, about 100 μm to about 2 mm, about 100 μm to about 1 mm, about 100 μm to about 800 μm, about 100 μm to about 500 μm, about 100 μm to about 400 μm, about 125 μm to about 300 μm, about 125 μm to about 200 μm, about 150 μm to about 200 μm, about 150 μm to about 160 μm, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In exemplary aspects, the substrate thickness 207 or 305 can be in the range of about 80 μm to about 5 mm or about 100 μm to about 400 μm.

[0219] like Figure 2 and 5 As shown, the first major surface 203 of the foldable substrate 201 can extend along the first plane 204a, and / or the second major surface 205 of the foldable substrate 201 can extend along the second plane 204b. In other aspects, as shown, the second plane 204 can be parallel to 204a, and the substrate thickness 207 can be equal to the distance between the first plane 204a and the second plane 204b.

[0220] like Figure 2-5 As shown, the first portion 221 of the foldable substrate 201 may include a first surface area 223 and a second surface area 225 opposite to the first surface area 223. Figure 2 The first part 221 is described with reference to the foldable device 101, and it is to be understood that, unless otherwise stated, such description of the first part 221 may also apply to any aspect of the present disclosure, such as Figure 5Foldable device 401 shown. In aspects, as shown, first surface area 223 may include a flat surface, and / or second surface area 225 of first portion 221 may include a flat surface. In other aspects, as shown, second surface area 225 may be parallel to first surface area 223. In aspects, as shown, first major surface 203 may include first surface area 223, and second major surface 205 may include second surface area 225. In other aspects, first surface area 223 may extend along first plane 204a. In other aspects, second surface area 225 may extend along second plane 204b. In aspects, substrate thickness 207 may correspond to the distance between first surface area 223 of first portion 221 and second surface area 225 of first portion 221. In aspects, substrate thickness 207 may be substantially uniform over first surface area 223. In aspects, the first thickness defined between first surface area 223 and second surface area 225 may be within one or more ranges discussed above with respect to substrate thickness 207. In other aspects, the first thickness can include substrate thickness 207. In other aspects, the first thickness of first portion 221 can be substantially uniform between first surface area 223 and second surface area 225 over its corresponding length (i.e., in direction 106 of length 105 of foldable device) and / or over its corresponding width (i.e., in direction 104 of width 103 of foldable device). In other aspects, such as Figure 2-5 As shown, the first thickness and the second thickness may be substantially equal to the substrate thickness 207 .

[0221] like Figure 2 and 5 As shown, the second portion 231 of the foldable substrate 201 may include a third surface area 233 and a fourth surface area 235 opposite to the third surface area 233. Figure 2 The second portion 231 is described with reference to the foldable device 101. It is to be understood that, unless otherwise stated, such description of the second portion 231 may also apply to any aspect of the present disclosure, such as Figure 5Foldable device 401 shown. In aspects, as shown, the third surface area 233 of the second portion 231 can include a flat surface, and / or the fourth surface area 235 of the second portion 231 can include a flat surface. In other aspects, the third surface area 233 of the second portion 231 can be coplanar with the first surface area 223 of the first portion 221. In other aspects, as shown, the fourth surface area 235 can be parallel to the third surface area 233. In other aspects, the fourth surface area 235 of the second portion 231 can be coplanar with the second surface area 225 of the first portion 221. A second thickness can be defined between the third surface area 233 of the second portion 231 and the fourth surface area 235 of the second portion 231. In aspects, the second thickness can be within the range discussed above with respect to the substrate thickness 207. In other aspects, the second thickness can include the substrate thickness 207. In other aspects, as shown, the second thickness can be substantially equal to the substrate thickness 207 (e.g., the first thickness). In aspects, the second thickness of the second portion 231 can be substantially uniform between the third surface region 233 and the fourth surface region 235 .

[0222] like Figure 2 As shown, the foldable substrate 201 can include a central portion 241 located between the first portion 221 and the second portion 231. In aspects, the central portion 241 can include a first central surface area 213 and a second central surface area 243 opposite the first central surface area 213. As shown, the first central surface area 213 of the central portion 241 can be located between the first surface area 223 and the third surface area 233. In other aspects, as shown, when the foldable device 101 is in a flat configuration, the first central surface area 213 can extend along the third plane 204c. A recess 211 can be defined between the first central surface area 213 (e.g., the third plane 204c) and the first plane 204a.

[0223] In one aspect, the third plane 204c can be substantially parallel to the first plane 204a and / or the second plane 204b. In other aspects, such as Figure 2As shown, the first central surface region 213 can be recessed a first distance 219 from the first major surface 203 and define a recess 211. In other aspects, the first distance 219 where the first central surface region 213 is recessed from the first plane 204a can be about 5 μm or more, about 10 μm or more, about 20 μm or more, about 25 μm or more, about 40 μm or more, about 80 μm or more, about 100 μm or more, about 125 μm or more, about 150 μm or more, about 2 mm or less, about 1 mm or less, about 800 μm or less, about 500 μm or less, about 300 μm or less, about 200 μm or less, about 160 μm or less, about 120 μm or less, or about 80 μm or less. In other aspects, the first distance 219 can be in the range of about 5 μm to about 2 mm, about 5 μm to about 1 mm, about 10 μm to about 800 μm, about 20 μm to about 500 μm, about 25 μm to about 300 μm, about 40 μm to about 200 μm, about 80 μm to about 160 μm, about 100 μm to about 120 μm, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In other aspects, the first distance 219 by which the first central surface region 213 is recessed from the first plane 204a, as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207, can be about 1% or more, about 5% or more, about 10% or more, about 15% or more, about 20% or more, about 25% or more, about 30% or more, about 35% or more, about 40% or more, about 45% or more, about 50% or more, about 55% or more, about 60% or more, about 65% or more, about 70% or more, about 90% or less, about 85% or less, about 80% or less, about 75% or less, about 70% or less, about 65% or less, about 60% or less, about 55% or less, about 50% or less, about 40% or less, about 35% or less, or about 30% or less. In other aspects, the first distance 219 can be in a range of about 1% to about 90%, about 5% to about 90%, about 10% to about 90%, about 15% to about 85%, about 20% to about 85%, about 25% to about 85%, about 30% to about 85%, about 40% to about 80%, about 45% to about 80%, about 50% to about 80%, about 55% to about 75%, about 60% to about 70%, about 65% to about 70%, or any range or sub-range therebetween, based on a percentage of the substrate thickness 207. In aspects, the first distance 219 can be in a range of about 1% to about 50%, about 5% to about 45%, about 10% to about 40%, about 15% to about 35%, about 20% to about 30%, or any range or sub-range therebetween, based on a percentage of the substrate thickness 207. In preferred aspects, the first distance 219 can be in the following ranges, as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207: 1% to 90%, 20% to 85%, or 50% to 80%.

[0224] like Figure 2 As shown, the second central surface area 243 of the central portion 241 can be located between the second surface area 225 and the fourth surface area 235. In other aspects, as shown, the second central surface area 243 can be flush with the second major surface 205 (e.g., flush with the second surface area 225 and / or the fourth surface area 235, and / or coplanar with the second plane 204a). Although not shown, the second central surface area can be recessed from the second major surface by a second distance to form a second recess opposite to the recess, wherein the second distance can be within one or more ranges discussed above with respect to the first distance and / or the second distance can be substantially equal to the first distance.

[0225] The center thickness 209 is defined as the minimum distance between the first center surface area 213 and the second center surface area 243. For example, for Figure 2In the illustrated configuration, the center thickness 209 can correspond to the distance between the third plane 204c and the second plane 204b. In aspects, the center thickness 209 can be about 1 μm or more, about 5 μm or more, about 10 μm or more, about 20 μm or more, about 25 μm or more, about 40 μm or more, about 60 μm or more, about 1 mm or less, about 800 μm or less, about 500 μm or less, about 300 μm or less, about 200 μm or less, about 160 μm or less, about 120 μm or less, about 100 μm or less, about 80 μm or less, about 60 μm or less, or about 50 μm or less. In aspects, the center thickness 209 can be in the range of about 1 μm to about 1 mm, about 5 μm to about 1 mm, about 10 μm to about 800 μm, about 10 μm to about 500 μm, about 20 μm to about 300 μm, about 20 μm to about 200 μm, about 25 μm to about 160 μm, about 25 μm to about 120 μm, about 25 μm to about 100 μm, about 25 μm to about 80 μm, about 40 μm to about 60 μm, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In preferred aspects, the center thickness 209 can be in the range of about 10 μm to about 1 mm, about 20 μm to about 200 μm, about 25 μm to about 80 μm. In aspects, the center thickness 209 can be about 0.5% or more, about 1% or more, about 2% or more, about 5% or more, about 6% or more, about 40% or less, about 35% or less, about 30% or less, about 25% or less, about 20% or less, about 15% or less, about 13% or less, about 10% or less, or about 8% or less, as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207. In aspects, the center thickness 209 can be in the range of about 0.1% to about 40%, about 0.5% to about 40%, about 1% to about 35%, about 2% to about 35%, about 5% to about 35%, about 10% to about 30%, about 13% to about 25%, about 15% to about 20%, or any range or sub-range therebetween, as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207. In aspects, the center thickness 209 can be about 15% or less, such as in the range of about 0.1% to about 20%, about 0.5% to about 15%, about 0.5% to about 13%, about 1% to about 13%, about 1% to about 10%, about 2% to about 10%, about 2% to about 8%, about 5% to about 8%, about 6% to about 8%, or any range or sub-range therebetween, as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207. In preferred aspects, the center thickness 209 can be in the range of about 0.5% to about 40%, about 10% to about 35%, or about 13% to about 30%, as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207.By providing a first central surface area 213 of the central portion 241 extending along the third plane 204c parallel to a second central surface area 243 of the central portion 241 extending along the second plane 204b, a uniform central thickness 209 may be extended across the central portion 241, which may provide enhanced folding performance at a predetermined thickness of the central thickness 209. The uniform central thickness 209 across the central portion 241 may improve folding performance by preventing stress concentration that would occur if a portion of the central portion 241 were thinner than the remainder of the central portion 241.

[0226] In terms of Figure 2 As shown, the central portion 241 of the foldable substrate 201 can extend between the first surface area 223 and the first central surface area 213. In other aspects, as shown, the width of the first transition area 212 (e.g., the first transition width 214) can be measured in the direction 106 of the length 105 (see Figure 1 ) between a portion of the first central surface area 213 and a portion of the first surface area 223 extending along the third plane 204c.

[0227] In terms of Figure 2 As shown, the thickness of the first transition region 212 will decrease between the substrate thickness 207 of the first portion 221 and the center thickness 209 of the center portion 241. In other aspects, as shown, the thickness of the first transition region 212 will decrease smoothly, decrease monotonically and / or decrease smoothly and monotonically between the substrate thickness 207 of the first portion 221 and the center thickness 209 of the center portion 241. As used herein, if the change in cross-sectional area is smooth (e.g., gradual) rather than a steep (e.g., step-like) change in thickness, the thickness decreases smoothly. As used herein, if the thickness decreases for one portion and the thickness remains the same or decreases or a combination thereof for the rest of the time (i.e., the thickness decreases in one direction but never increases), the thickness decreases monotonically in that direction. Providing a smoothly shaped first transition region and / or second transition region can reduce optical distortion. Providing a monotonically decreasing thickness of the first transition region and / or second transition region can reduce the probability of mechanical instability and / or reduce the visual visibility of the transition region. In aspects, as Figure 2As shown, the thickness of the first transition region 212 can decrease from the substrate thickness 207 to the central thickness 209 at a constant rate (e.g., a linear change). In aspects, although not shown, the thickness of the first transition region where the first transition surface region meets the first central surface region 213 can decrease more slowly than at the midpoint of the first transition region and / or than where the first transition surface region meets the first surface region 223 (e.g., the first portion 221). In aspects, although not shown, the thickness of the first transition region where the first transition surface region meets the first central surface region 213 can decrease more rapidly than at the midpoint of the first transition region and / or than where the first transition surface region meets the first surface region 223. Providing a non-uniform slope of the surface area of ​​the first transition region and / or the second transition region can reduce the amount of the corresponding transition region that includes an intermediate thickness, for example: the chemical strengthening-induced expansion strain included is less than a portion of the corresponding transition region closer to the first central surface region and / or the second central surface region and / or less than the first central surface region and / or the second central surface region.

[0228] In terms of Figure 2 As shown, the central portion 241 of the foldable substrate 201 can include a second transition region 218 (e.g., extending between the third surface region 233 and the first central surface region 213). In other aspects, as shown, the width of the second transition region 218 (e.g., the second transition width 216) can be measured in the direction 106 of the length 105 (see Figure 1 ) between a portion of the first central surface area 213 and a portion of the third surface area 233 extending along the third plane 204c. In even other aspects, the second transition width 216 of the second transition region 218 can fall within one or more of the ranges discussed above with respect to the first transition width 214. In other aspects, the second transition width 216 of the second transition region 218 can be substantially equal to (e.g., equal to) the first transition width 214.

[0229] As used herein, if a first layer / or component is described as being "arranged "above" a second layer / or component, there may or may not be other layers between the first layer / or component and the second layer / or component. In addition, as used herein, "arranged above..." does not represent a relative position with reference to gravity. For example, when the first layer and / or component is arranged below, above, or on one side of the second layer and / or component, the first layer and / or component may be considered to be "arranged "above" the second layer and / or component. As used herein, describing the first layer / or component as "bonded to" the second layer / or component indicates mutual bonding of the layers / or components, which is through direct contact and / or bonding between the two layers / or components or via an adhesive layer. As used herein, describing the first layer and / or component as "in contact" or "in contact" with the second layer and / or component refers to direct contact, and includes situations where the layers and / or components are bonded to each other.

[0230] like Figure 2-3 As shown, the foldable device 101 can include an adhesive layer 261. As shown, the adhesive layer 261 can include a first contact surface 263 and a second contact surface 265 that is opposite to the first contact surface 263. Figure 2-3 As shown, the second contact surface 265 of the adhesive layer 261 may include a flat surface. Figure 2-3 As shown, the first contact surface 263 of the adhesive layer 261 may include a flat surface. The adhesive thickness 267 of the adhesive layer 261 may be defined as the average distance between the first contact surface 263 and the second contact surface 265. In aspects, the adhesive thickness 267 of the adhesive layer 261 may be: about 1 μm or thicker, about 5 μm or thicker, about 10 μm or thicker, about 100 μm or thinner, about 60 μm or thinner, about 30 μm or thinner, or about 20 μm or thinner. In aspects, the adhesive thickness 267 of the adhesive layer 261 may be the following range: about 1 μm to about 100 μm, about 5 μm to about 100 μm, about 5 μm to about 60 μm, about 5 μm to about 30 μm, about 10 μm to about 30 μm, about 10 μm to about 20 μm, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, adhesive layer 261 can include the polymer-based portion discussed above (eg, formed as a result of curing of the composition discussed above, comprising chains having polyurethane blocks and polyether blocks).

[0231] In terms of Figure 2-3 As shown, the second contact surface 265 of the adhesive layer 261 can face and / or contact the first major surface 273 of the release liner 271 (described below). Figure 2-3 As shown, adhesive layer 261 can be attached to foldable substrate 201 or 307. In aspects, as Figure 2As shown, the first contact surface 263 of the adhesive layer 261 can face and / or contact the first surface area 223 of the first portion 221 and / or the third surface area 233 of the second portion 231. Figure 2-3 As shown, the first contact surface 263 of the adhesive layer 261 can face and / or contact the first major surface 203 or 303 of the foldable substrate 201 or 307. As an alternative or in addition, as Figure 2 As shown, adhesive layer 261 (e.g., first contact surface 263) can be attached to a portion of foldable substrate 201 (e.g., first central surface region 213 of central portion 241) by another material (e.g., polymer-based portion 281). Figure 2 As shown, the first contact surface 263 of the adhesive layer 261 can face the first central surface area 213 of the central portion 241. Alternatively, although not shown, the first contact surface 263 of the adhesive layer 261 can contact the first central surface area 213 of the central portion 241, for example, by Figure 2 In one embodiment, the foldable substrate 200 is formed by a plurality of layers of adhesive that are placed on the second major surface 205 and the second major surface 203. In another embodiment, the foldable substrate 200 is formed by a plurality of layers of adhesive that are placed on the second major surface 205 and the second major surface 203. In another embodiment, the foldable substrate 200 is formed by a plurality of layers of adhesive that are placed on the second major surface 205 and the second major surface 203.

[0232] like Figure 2 As shown, the polymer-based portion 281 of the foldable substrate 101 can be located between the first portion 221 and the second portion 231. In aspects, as shown, the polymer-based portion can include a polymer-based portion 281 that is at least partially located in the recess 211 and / or at least partially fills the recess 211. Although not shown, in aspects, a portion of the polymer-based portion 281 can be located in the recess 211, while an adjacent portion of another portion of the polymer-based portion can extend beyond the corresponding recess to have an additional thickness arranged above the first major surface 203. In other aspects, the adhesive layer 261 can be arranged thereby (e.g., the first contact surface can contact the third contact surface 283). As shown Figure 2 As shown, the polymer-based portion 281 can include a fourth contact surface 285 opposite the third contact surface 283. In aspects, as shown, the third contact surface 283 can include a flat surface, such as substantially coplanar (e.g., extending along a common plane) with the first surface region 223 and the third surface region 233. In aspects, as shown, the third contact surface 283 can include a flat surface, such as substantially coplanar (e.g., extending along a common plane) with the first surface region 223 and the third surface region 233. Figure 2As shown, the third contact surface 283 can be substantially flush with the first major surface 203 (e.g., the first surface region 223, the third surface region 233). For example, the distance (measured in direction 202) between the third contact surface 283 as the polymer-based portion 281 and the first major surface 203 (e.g., the first surface region 223, the third surface region 233 and / or the first plane 204a) can be: about 5 μm or less, about 4 μm or less, about 3 μm or less, about 2 μm or less, or about 1 μm or less. In aspects, as Figure 2 As shown, fourth contact surface 285 may contact first central surface region 213 , first transition region 212 , and / or second transition region 218 .

[0233] In aspects, the polymer-based portion 281 includes a polymer (e.g., an optically transparent polymer). In other aspects, the polymer-based portion 281 may include one or more optically transparent: acrylics (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)), epoxides, silicones, and / or polyurethanes. Examples of epoxides include: bisphenol-based epoxies, phenolic-based epoxies, cycloaliphatic-based epoxies, and glycidylamine-based epoxies. In other aspects, the polymer-based portion 281 includes one or more of the following: polyolefins, polyamides, halide-containing polymers (e.g., polyvinyl chloride or fluoropolymers), elastomers, urethanes, phenolic resins, polyparaxylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Exemplary aspects of polyolefins include: low molecular weight polyethylene (LDPE), high molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and polypropylene (PP). Exemplary aspects of fluoropolymers include: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluoropolyether (PFPE), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA), perfluoroalkoxylate (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) polymer, and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) polymer. Exemplary aspects of elastomers include: rubber (e.g., polybutadiene, polyisoprene, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber) and block copolymers (e.g., styrene-butadiene, high impact polystyrene, poly(dichlorophosphazene)), for example including one or more of: polystyrene, polydichlorophosphazene, and poly(5-ethylidene-2-norbornene)). In aspects, the polymer-based portion may include a sol-gel material. Exemplary aspects of polyurethanes include: thermosetting polyurethanes (e.g., Dispurez 102 from Incorez) and thermoplastic polyurethanes (e.g., KrystalFlex PE505 from Huntsman). In even other aspects, the second portion can include ethylene acid copolymers. Exemplary aspects of ethylene acid copolymers include SURLYN (e.g., Surlyn PC-2000, Surlyn 8940, Surlyn 8150) purchased from Dow. Other exemplary aspects of the second portion include: Eleglass w802-GL044 with 1 wt % to 2 wt % crosslinking agent purchased from Axalta. In aspects, the polymer-based portion 281 can also include nanoparticles, such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, silicon dioxide nanoparticles, or nanoparticles containing polymers. In aspects, the polymer-based portion can also include fibers to form polymer-fiber composites.

[0234] In aspects, the polymer-based portion 281 can include an elastic modulus of about 0.001 megapascals (MPa) or greater, about 0.01 MPa or greater, about 1 MPa or greater, about 10 MPa or greater, about 20 MPa or greater, about 100 MPa or greater, about 200 MPa or greater, about 1,000 MPa or greater, about 5,000 MPa or less, about 3,000 MPa or less, about 1,000 MPa or less, about 500 MPa or less, or about 200 MPa or less. In aspects, the polymer-based portion 281 can include an elastic modulus in the range of about 0.001 MPa to about 5,000 MPa, about 0.01 MPa to about 3,000 MPa, about 0.01 MPa to about 1,000 MPa, about 0.01 MPa to about 500 MPa, about 0.01 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 1 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 10 MPa to about 200 MPa, about 100 MPa to about 200 MPa, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the polymer-based portion 281 can include an elastic modulus in the range of about 1 MPa to about 5,000 MPa, about 10 MPa to about 5,000 MPa, about 10 MPa to about 1,000 MPa, about 20 MPa to about 1,000 MPa, about 20 MPa to about 200 MPa, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the elastic modulus of the polymer-based portion 281 can be in the range of about 1 GPa to about 20 GPa, about 1 GPa to about 18 GPa, about 1 GPa to about 10 GPa, about 1 GPa to about 5 GPa, about 1 GPa to about 3 GPa, or any range or sub-range therebetween. By providing a polymer-based portion 281 having an elastic modulus ranging from about 0.001 MPa to about 5,000 MPa (e.g., in the range of about 10 MPa to about 3 GPa), folding of the foldable device can be facilitated without failure. In aspects, the elastic modulus of the adhesive layer 261 can be less than the elastic modulus of the polymer-based portion 281. In aspects, the elastic modulus of the polymer-based portion 281 can be less than the elastic modulus of the foldable substrate 201.

[0235] In terms of Figure 2-3 As shown, the foldable device 101 or 301 can include a release liner 271, but other substrates (e.g., glass-based substrates and / or ceramic-based substrates discussed throughout this application) can be used in other aspects instead of the release liner 271 shown. In other aspects, such as Figure 2-3 As shown, a release liner 271 or other substrate can be disposed over the adhesive layer 261. In even other aspects, as shown, a release liner 271 or other substrate can directly contact the second contact surface 265 of the adhesive layer 261. In other aspects, as shown, Figure 5 As shown, a release liner 271 or other substrate can be arranged above the polymer-based portion 281. The release liner 271 or other substrate can include a first major surface 273 and a second major surface 275 opposite the first major surface 273. As shown, the release liner 271 or other substrate can be arranged on the adhesive layer 261 by attaching the second contact surface 265 of the adhesive layer 261 to the first major surface 273 (or other substrate) of the release liner 271. In aspects, as shown, the first major surface 273 (or other substrate) of the release liner 271 can include a flat surface. In aspects, as shown, the second major surface 275 (or other substrate) of the release liner 271 can include a flat surface. The substrate containing the release liner 271 can include paper and / or polymers. Exemplary aspects of paper include: kraft paper, machine-finished paper, multi-layer coated paper (e.g., polymer coated paper, glass paper, siliconized paper) or clay coated paper. Exemplary aspects of polymers include polyesters (eg, polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) and polyolefins (eg, low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP)).

[0236] Aspects of the present disclosure may include consumer electronic products. The consumer electronic product may include a front surface, a back surface, and a side surface. The consumer electronic product may also include an electronic component at least partially located within a housing. The electronic component may include a controller, a memory, and a display. The display may be located on the front surface of the housing or adjacent to the front surface of the housing. The display may include: a liquid crystal display (LCD), an electrophoretic display (EPD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, or a plasma display panel (PDP). The consumer electronic product may include a covering substrate arranged above the display. In aspects, at least one of a portion of the housing or the covering substrate includes a foldable device discussed throughout the present disclosure. The consumer electronic product may include a portable electronic product, such as a smartphone, a tablet, a wearable device, or a laptop computer.

[0237] The foldable device disclosed herein can be integrated into another article, such as an article with a display screen (or display article) (e.g., consumer electronics, including mobile phones, tablets, computers, navigation systems, and wearable devices (e.g., watches), etc.), a building article, a transportation article (e.g., a vehicle, a train, an aircraft, a marine vehicle, etc.), an electrical article, or any article that can benefit from partial transparency, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, or a combination thereof. Exemplary articles incorporating any foldable device disclosed herein are as follows: Figure 8-9 Specifically, Figure 8-9A consumer electronic product 800 is shown, which includes a housing 802 having a front surface 804, a back surface 806, and side surfaces 906 (e.g., multiple side surfaces). Although not shown, the consumer electronic device may include electronic components that are at least partially located within the housing or completely located within the housing. For example, the electronic components include at least a controller, a memory, and a display. Figure 8-9 As shown, the display 810 can be located on or adjacent to the front surface of the housing 802. The consumer electronic device can include a cover substrate 812 located on or above the front surface of the housing 802 so that it is located above the display 810. In one aspect, at least one of the cover substrate 812 or a portion of the housing 802 can include any of the foldable devices disclosed herein (e.g., a polymer-based portion attached to the foldable substrate 201 (e.g., Figure 2-3 Adhesive layer 261) in.

[0238] also, Fig.15 A perspective view of a foldable consumer electronic product 1501 is schematically shown. The consumer electronic product 1501 may include a foldable device 103 and / or 301 and / or a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) according to aspects of the present disclosure. As shown, the consumer electronic product 1501 may include a front surface 1503 and a side surface 1505. The consumer electronic product 1501 may include electronic components, including a display 1502 that can be seen through and / or at the front surface 1503. In aspect, as shown, the consumer electronic product 1501 can be folded in a direction 1512 to form a folded configuration in which a first end 1527 and a second end 1537 (opposite to the first end 1527) are closer to each other (compared to the non-folded configuration). Furthermore, as shown, the consumer electronic product 1501 can be folded so that the front surface 1503 and / or display screen 1502 face toward itself, but the consumer electronic product can also be folded in the opposite direction 1512 so that the front surface 203 is located on the outside of the consumer electronic product when in the folded configuration. Figure 1 As discussed, Fig.15 The consumer electronic product 1501 shown can be folded about the folding axis 102 (where the central portion 1581 is located). The central portion 1581 may include the Figure 2 The central portion 241 of the foldable device 101 in question. Fig.15As shown, the center portion is located between a first portion 1521 including a first end 1527 and a second portion 1531 including a second end 1537. The position of the folding axis 102 determines a first distance 1513 between the first end 1527 and the folding axis 102 (e.g., in direction 106) relative to a second distance 1515 between the second end 1537 and the folding axis 102 (e.g., in direction 1508). The total length (e.g., Figure 1 The length 105 in the figure can be the sum of the first distance 1513 and the second distance 1515. In addition, as shown, the consumer electronic product is shown in a folded or partially folded configuration, with the front surface 1503 forming an angle A around the folding axis 102.

[0239] In aspects, the foldable substrate 201 may include a glass-based substrate and / or a ceramic-based substrate, and the first portion 221, the second portion 231, and / or the central portion 241 may include one or more compressive stress regions. In aspects, the compressive stress region may be generated by chemical strengthening. Chemical strengthening may include an ion exchange process in which ions in the surface layer are replaced or exchanged with larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state. The chemical strengthening method will be discussed later. Without wishing to be limited by theory, the chemical strengthening of the first portion 221, the second portion 231, and / or the central portion 241 may achieve good impact resistance and / or good puncture resistance (e.g., for failure resistance of about 15 centimeters (cm) or more, about 20 cm or more, about 50 cm of the pen drop height). Without wishing to be limited by theory, the chemical strengthening of the first portion 221, the second portion 231, and / or the central portion 241 may achieve a small (e.g., less than about 10 mm or less) bending radius because the compressive stress from the chemical strengthening may offset the bending-induced tensile stress on the outermost surface of the substrate. The compressive stress region can extend into the first part and / or the second part of a part to a depth referred to as the compression depth. As used herein, the compression depth represents the depth at which the stress in the chemically strengthened substrate and / or part described herein changes from compressive stress to tensile stress. Depending on the ion exchange treatment and thickness of the article being measured, the compression depth (SCALP, wherein the values ​​recorded herein are obtained using the SCALP-5 manufactured by Estonian Glasstress Company) can be measured by a surface stress meter or a scattered light polarizer. When stress is generated in the substrate and / or part by exchanging potassium ions into the substrate, a surface stress meter (e.g., FSM-6000 (Orihara Industries, Ltd. (Japan))) is used to measure the compression depth. Unless otherwise stated, a surface stress meter (FSM) is used, for example, a commercial instrument such as FSM-6000 manufactured by Orihara Corporation to measure compressive stress (including surface CS). Surface stress measurement relies on the accurate measurement of stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the birefringence of glass. Unless otherwise noted, SOC is measured according to Protocol C (Glass Disc Method) as described in ASTM Standard C770-16, entitled "Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient", which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. SCALP is used to measure compression depth and central tension (CT) when stress is generated by exchanging sodium ions into the substrate and the measured article is thicker than about 400 μm.When stress is generated in the substrate and / or portion by exchanging both potassium and sodium ions into the substrate and / or portion and the measured article is thicker than about 400 μm, the compression depth and CT are measured by SCALP. Without wishing to be limited by theory, the exchange depth of sodium can represent the compression depth, while the exchange depth of potassium ions can represent the change in the magnitude of the compressive stress (but not the change in stress from compression to tension). The refractive near field (RNF; RNF method) described in U.S. Patent No. 8,854,623, entitled "Systems and methods for measuring a profile characteristic of a glass sample" (which is incorporated herein in its entirety) can also be used to obtain a graph representing the stress distribution. When the RNF method is used to obtain a graph representing the stress distribution, the maximum central tension value provided by SCALP is used in the RNF method. The graph representing the stress distribution obtained by RNF is force balanced and calibrated with the maximum central tension value provided by the SCALP measurement. As used herein, "depth of layer" refers to the depth of exchange of ions (e.g., sodium, potassium) into a substrate and / or part. In the present disclosure, when the maximum central tension cannot be measured directly by SCALP (when the article being measured is thinner than about 400 μm), the maximum central tension can be approximated by the product of the maximum compressive stress and the compression depth divided by the difference between the substrate thickness and twice the compressive stress, where the compressive stress and the compression depth are measured by FSM.

[0240] In aspects, the first portion 221 including the glass-based portion and / or the ceramic-based portion may include a first compressive stress region extending at the first surface region 223, which may extend from the first surface region 223 to a first compression depth. In aspects, the first portion 221 including the first glass-based portion and / or the ceramic-based portion may include a second compressive stress region at the second surface region 225, which may extend from the second surface region 225 to a second compression depth. In aspects, the first compression depth and / or the second compression depth may be, as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207, about 1% or more, about 5% or more, about 10% or more, about 30% or less, about 25% or less, or about 20% or less. In aspects, the first compression depth and / or the second compression depth can be in the range of about 1% to about 30%, about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 25%, about 10% to about 20%, or any range or sub-range therebetween, as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207. In other aspects, the first compression depth and / or the second compression depth can be about 10% or less, for example, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 8%, about 3% to about 8%, about 5% to about 8%, or any range or sub-range therebetween, as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207. In other aspects, the first compression depth and / or the second compression depth can be substantially equal to the second compression depth. In aspects, the first compression depth and / or the second compression depth can be about 1 μm or more, about 10 μm or more, about 30 μm or more, about 50 μm or more, about 200 μm or less, about 150 μm or less, about 100 μm or less, or about 60 μm or less. In aspects, the first compression depth and / or the second compression depth can be in the range of about 1 μm to about 200 μm, about 1 μm to about 150 μm, about 10 μm to about 150 μm, about 10 μm to about 100 μm, about 30 μm to about 100 μm, about 30 μm to about 60 μm, about 50 μm to about 60 μm, or any range or sub-range therebetween. By providing such a first portion, wherein the first portion includes a first glass-based and / or ceramic-based portion having a first compression depth and / or a second compression depth ranging from about 1% to about 30% of the first thickness (e.g., substrate thickness), good impact resistance and / or good puncture resistance can be achieved.

[0241] In aspects, the first compressive stress region can include a maximum first compressive stress. In aspects, the second compressive stress region can include a maximum second compressive stress. In other aspects, the maximum first compressive stress and / or the maximum second compressive stress can be about 100 megapascals (MPa) or greater, about 300 MPa or greater, about 500 MPa or greater, about 600 MPa or greater, about 700 MPa or greater, about 1,500 MPa or less, about 1,200 MPa or less, about 1,000 MPa or less, or about 800 MPa or less. In other aspects, the maximum first compressive stress and / or the maximum second compressive stress can be in the range of about 100 MPa to about 1,500 MPa, about 100 MPa to about 1,200 MPa, about 300 MPa to about 1,200 MPa, about 300 MPa to about 1,000 MPa, about 500 MPa to about 1,000 MPa, about 600 MPa to about 1,000 MPa, about 600 MPa to about 1,000 MPa, about 700 MPa to about 1,000 MPa, about 700 MPa to about 800 MPa, about 500 MPa to about 800 MPa, or any range or sub-range therebetween. By providing a maximum first compressive stress and / or a maximum second compressive stress in the range of about 100 MPa to about 1,500 MPa, good impact resistance and / or puncture resistance can be achieved.

[0242] In aspects, the first portion 221 may include a first layer depth of one or more alkali metal ions associated with a first compressive stress region. In aspects, the first portion 221 may include a second layer depth of one or more alkali metal ions associated with a second compressive stress region and a second compression depth. As used herein, the one or more alkali metal ions of the layer depth of one or more alkali metal ions may include: sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and / or francium. In aspects, the one or more alkali ions in the first layer depth of the one or more alkali ions and / or the second layer depth of the one or more alkali ions include potassium. In aspects, the first layer depth and / or the second layer depth may be, as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207: about 1% or more, about 5% or more, about 10% or more, about 40% or less, about 35% or less, about 30% or less, about 25% or less, or about 20% or less. In aspects, the first layer depth and / or the second layer depth can be in the range of about 1% to about 40%, about 1% to about 35%, about 1% to about 30%, about 1% to about 25%, about 1% to about 20%, about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 25%, about 10% to about 20%, or any range or sub-range therebetween, based on the percentage of the substrate thickness 207. In other aspects, the first layer depth of the one or more alkali metal ions and / or the second layer depth of the one or more alkali metal ions can be about 10% or less, for example, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 8%, about 3% to about 8%, about 5% to about 8%, or any range or sub-range therebetween, based on the percentage of the substrate thickness 207. In aspects, the first layer depth of the one or more alkali metal ions and / or the second layer depth of the one or more alkali metal ions can be: about 1 μm or more, about 10 μm or more, about 30 μm or more, about 50 μm or more, about 200 μm or less, about 150 μm or less, about 100 μm or less, or about 60 μm or less. In aspects, the first layer depth of the one or more alkali metal ions and / or the second layer depth of the one or more alkali metal ions can be the following range: about 1 μm to about 200 μm, about 1 μm to about 150 μm, about 10 μm to about 150 μm, about 10 μm to about 100 μm, about 30 μm to about 100 μm, about 30 μm to about 60 μm, about 50 μm to about 60 μm, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0243] In aspects, the first portion 221 may include a first tensile stress region. In aspects, the location of the first tensile stress region may be between the first compressive stress region and the second compressive stress region. In aspects, the first tensile stress region may include a maximum first tensile stress. In other aspects, the maximum first tensile stress may be about 10 MPa or more, about 20 MPa or more, about 30 MPa or more, about 100 MPa or less, about 80 MPa or less, or about 60 MPa or less. In other aspects, the maximum first tensile stress may be in the range of about 10 MPa to about 100 MPa, about 10 MPa to about 80 MPa, about 10 MPa to about 60 MPa, about 20 MPa to about 100 MPa, about 20 MPa to about 80 MPa, about 20 MPa to about 60 MPa, about 30 MPa to about 100 MPa, about 30 MPa to about 80 MPa, about 30 MPa to about 60 MPa, or any range or sub-range therebetween. Providing a maximum first tensile stress in the range of about 10 MPa to about 100 MPa can provide low energy crushing while achieving good impact resistance and / or puncture resistance, as discussed below.

[0244] In aspects, the second portion 231 including the second glass-based portion and / or the ceramic-based portion can include a third compressive stress region at the third surface region 233, which can extend from the third surface region 233 to a third compression depth. In aspects, the second portion 231 including the second glass-based portion and / or the ceramic-based portion can include a fourth compressive stress region at the fourth surface region 235, which can extend from the fourth surface region 235 to a fourth compression depth. In aspects, the third compression depth and / or the fourth compression depth can be, as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207, about 1% or more, about 5% or more, about 10% or more, about 30% or less, about 25% or less, or about 20% or less. In aspects, as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207, the third compression depth and / or the fourth compression depth can be within one or more ranges of the first compression depth and / or the second compression depth discussed above as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207. In other aspects, the third compression depth can be substantially equal to the fourth compression depth. In aspects, the third compression depth and / or the fourth compression depth can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above with respect to the first compression depth and / or the second compression depth. By providing such a second portion, the second portion includes a glass-based and / or ceramic-based portion having a third compression depth and / or a fourth compression depth in the range of about 1% to about 30% of the thickness of the substrate, good impact resistance and / or good puncture resistance can be achieved.

[0245] In aspects, the third compressive stress region may include a maximum third compressive stress. In aspects, the fourth compressive stress region may include a maximum fourth compressive stress. In other aspects, the maximum third compressive stress and / or the maximum fourth compressive stress may be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the maximum first compressive stress and / or the maximum second compressive stress. By providing a maximum third compressive stress and / or a maximum fourth compressive stress in the range of about 100 MPa to about 1,500 MPa, good impact resistance and / or puncture resistance may be achieved.

[0246] In aspects, the second portion 231 may include a third layer depth of one or more alkali metal ions associated with a third compressive stress region and a third compression depth. In aspects, the second portion 231 may include a fourth layer depth of one or more alkali metal ions associated with a fourth compressive stress region and a fourth compression depth. In aspects, the one or more alkali ions in the third layer depth of the one or more alkali ions and / or the fourth layer depth of the one or more alkali ions include potassium. In aspects, the third layer depth and / or the fourth layer depth as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207 may be within one or more ranges of the first layer depth and / or the second layer depth discussed above as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207. In aspects, the third layer depth of the one or more alkali metal ions and / or the fourth layer depth of the one or more alkali metal ions may be the first layer depth and / or the second layer depth.

[0247] In aspects, the second portion 231 may include a second tensile stress region. In aspects, the location of the second tensile stress region may be between the third compressive stress region and the fourth compressive stress region. In aspects, the second tensile stress region may include a maximum second tensile stress. In other aspects, the maximum second tensile stress may be within one or more ranges discussed above regarding the maximum first tensile stress. In other aspects, the maximum first tensile stress may be substantially equal to the maximum second tensile stress. Providing a maximum second tensile stress in the range of about 10 MPa to about 100 MPa may provide low energy crushing while achieving good impact resistance and / or puncture resistance, as discussed below.

[0248] In aspects, the first compression depth can be substantially equal to the third compression depth. In aspects, the second compression depth can be substantially equal to the fourth compression depth. In aspects, the maximum first compressive stress can be substantially equal to the maximum third compressive stress. In aspects, the maximum second compressive stress can be substantially equal to the maximum fourth compressive stress. In aspects, the first layer depth of the one or more alkali metal ions can be based on a third layer depth equal to the one or more alkali metal ions. In aspects, the second layer depth of the one or more alkali metal ions can be based on a fourth layer depth equal to the one or more alkali metal ions.

[0249] In aspects, the central portion 241 can include a first central compressive stress region at the first central surface area 213, which can extend from the first central surface area 213 to a first central compression depth. In aspects, the central portion 241 can include a second central compressive stress region at the second central surface area 243, which can extend from the second central surface area 243 to a second central compression depth. In other aspects, the first central compressive stress region and / or the second compressive stress region can be in the central portion 241 (e.g., coextensive with the first central surface area 213 and / or the second central surface area 243). In other aspects, the first central compression depth and / or the second central compression depth, as a percentage of the central thickness 209, can be within one or more ranges of the first compression depth and / or the second compression depth, as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207, discussed above. In other aspects, the first center compression depth and / or the second center compression depth can be about 10% or greater, for example, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 25%, about 15% to about 25%, about 15% to about 20%, or any range or sub-range therebetween, as a percentage of the center thickness 209. In other aspects, the first center compression depth can be substantially equal to the second center compression depth. In aspects, the first center compression depth and / or the second center compression depth can be within one or more ranges discussed above with respect to the first compression depth and / or the second compression depth. By providing such a center portion, the first center compression depth and / or the second center compression depth included in the glass-based and / or ceramic-based portion of the center portion is within the range of about 1% to about 30% of the center thickness, good impact resistance and / or good puncture resistance can be achieved.

[0250] In aspects, the first central compressive stress region may include a maximum first central compressive stress. In aspects, the second central compressive stress region may include a maximum second central compressive stress. In other aspects, the maximum first central compressive stress and / or the maximum second central compressive stress may be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the maximum first compressive stress and / or the maximum second compressive stress. By providing a maximum first central compressive stress and / or a maximum second central compressive stress in the range of about 100 MPa to about 1,500 MPa, good impact resistance and / or puncture resistance may be achieved.

[0251] In aspects, the central portion 241 may include a first central layer depth of one or more alkali metal ions associated with a first central compressive stress region and a first central compression depth. In aspects, the central portion 241 may include a second central layer depth of one or more alkali metal ions associated with a second central compressive stress region and a second central compression depth. In aspects, the one or more alkali ions in the first central layer depth of one or more alkali ions and / or the second central layer depth of one or more alkali ions include potassium. In aspects, the first central layer depth and / or the second central layer depth as a percentage of the central thickness 209 may be within one or more ranges of the first layer depth and / or the second layer depth as a percentage of the substrate thickness 207 discussed above. In aspects, the first central layer depth of the one or more alkali metal ions and / or the second central layer depth of the one or more alkali metal ions may be within one or more ranges discussed above regarding the first layer depth and / or the second layer depth. In aspects, the first compression depth and / or the third compression depth may be greater than the first central compression depth. In aspects, the second compression depth and / or the fourth compression depth may be greater than the second central compression depth. In an aspect, the first layer depth and / or the third layer depth can be greater than the first central layer depth. In an aspect, the second layer depth and / or the fourth layer depth can be greater than the second central layer depth.

[0252] In aspects, the central portion 241 can include a central tensile stress region. In aspects, the location of the central tensile stress region can be between the first central compressive stress region and the second central compressive stress region. In aspects, the central tensile stress region can include a maximum central tensile stress. In other aspects, the maximum central tensile stress can be about 125 MPa or greater, about 150 MPa or greater, about 200 MPa or greater, about 375 MPa or less, about 300 MPa or less, or about 250 MPa or less. In other aspects, the maximum central tensile stress can be in the range of about 125 MPa to about 375 MPa, about 125 MPa to about 300 MPa, about 125 MPa to about 250 MPa, about 150 MPa to about 375 MPa, about 150 MPa to about 300 MPa, about 150 MPa to about 250 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 375 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 300 MPa, about 200 MPa to about 250 MPa, or any range or sub-range therebetween. Providing a maximum central tensile stress in the range of about 125 MPa to about 375 MPa can achieve a low minimum bend radius.

[0253] Throughout this disclosure, the refractive index is measured according to ASTM E1967-19 using light comprising a wavelength of 589 nm. In aspects, the substrate refractive index of the foldable substrate 201 can be about 1.4 or greater, about 1.45 or greater, about 1.47 or greater, about 1.49 or greater, about 1.5 or greater, about 1.53 or greater, about 1.55 or greater, about 1.6 or less, about 1.58 or less, about 1.56 or less, about 1.55 or less, about 1.54 or less, about 1.53 or less, about 1.52 or less, or about 1.51 or less. In aspects, the substrate refractive index of the foldable substrate 201 can be in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.6, about 1.45 to about 1.58, about 1.47 to about 1.56, about 1.49 to about 1.55, about 1.5 to about 1.54, about 1.51 to about 1.53, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the foldable substrate 201 can be optically clear.

[0254] In aspects, the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can be optically clear. In aspects, the first refractive index of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can be: about 1.4 or greater, about 1.45 or greater, about 1.47 or greater, about 1.48 or greater, about 1.49 or greater, about 1.50 or greater, about 1.53 or greater, about 1.6 or less, about 1.55 or less, about 1.54 or less, or about 1.52 or less. In aspects, the refractive index of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can be in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.6, about 1.45 to about 1.55, about 1.47 to about 1.55, about 1.48 to about 1.54, about 1.49 to about 1.53, about 1.50 to about 1.52, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the refractive index of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can be about 1.5 or greater, such as the following range: about 1.5 to about 1.6, about 1.5 to about 1.55, about 1.51 to about 1.54, about 1.52 to about 1.53, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the refractive index of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can be about 1.5 or less, such as the following range: about 1.4 to about 1.5, about 1.45 to about 1.49, about 1.47 to about 1.48, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0255] In aspects, the difference equal to the absolute value of the difference between the substrate refractive index of the foldable substrate 201 and the first refractive index of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261) can be: about 0.1 or less, about 0.07 or less, about 0.05 or less, about 0.02 or less, about 0.01 or less, about 0.001 or more, about 0.005 or more, about 0.01 or more, or about 0.02 or more. In aspects, the difference can be in the range of about 0.001 to about 0.1, about 0.001 to about 0.07, about 0.005 to about 0.05, about 0.005 to about 0.02, about 0.005 to about 0.01, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the difference can be in the range of about 0.01 to about 0.1, about 0.01 to about 0.07, about 0.02 to about 0.05, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the substrate refractive index of foldable substrate 201 can be greater than the first refractive index of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261). In aspects, the substrate refractive index of foldable substrate 201 can be less than the first refractive index of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261).

[0256] In aspects, the polymer-based portion 281 can be optically clear. In aspects, the second refractive index of the polymer-based portion 281 can be about 1.3 or greater, about 1.4 or greater, about 1.45 or greater, about 1.47 or greater, about 1.49 or greater, about 1.5 or greater, about 1.53 or greater, about 1.55 or greater, about 1.7 or less, about 1.6 or less, about 1.58 or less, about 1.56 or less, about 1.55 or less, about 1.54 or less, about 1.53 or less, about 1.52 or less, about 1.51 or less, or about 1.5 or less. In aspects, the second refractive index of the polymer-based portion 281 can be in the range of about 1.3 to about 2, about 1.4 to about 1.6, about 1.45 to about 1.58, about 1.45 to about 1.56, about 1.47 to about 1.55, about 1.47 to about 1.54, about 1.49 to about 1.53, about 1.5 to about 1.52, about 1.5 to about 1.51, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0257] In aspects, the difference equal to the absolute value of the difference between the substrate refractive index of the foldable substrate 201 and the second refractive index of the polymer-based portion 281 can be about 0.1 or less, about 0.07 or less, about 0.05 or less, about 0.02 or less, about 0.01 or less, about 0.001 or more, about 0.005 or more, about 0.01 or more, or about 0.02 or more. In aspects, the difference can be in the range of about 0.001 to about 0.1, about 0.001 to about 0.07, about 0.005 to about 0.05, about 0.005 to about 0.02, about 0.005 to about 0.01, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the difference can be in the range of about 0.01 to about 0.1, about 0.01 to about 0.07, about 0.02 to about 0.05, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the substrate refractive index of the foldable substrate 201 can be greater than the second refractive index of the polymer-based portion 281. In aspects, the substrate refractive index of the foldable substrate 201 can be less than the second refractive index of the polymer-based portion 281.

[0258] Figure 5-6 Schematically showing aspects of a foldable device 401 and / or 601 in a folded configuration according to aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 5 As shown, the foldable device 401 is folded so that the first major surface 203 of the foldable substrate 201 faces the inner side of the foldable device 401. Figure 6 As shown, foldable device 601 is folded so that first major surface 307 of foldable substrate 303 faces the inside of foldable device 601 where folding occurs. For example, in these examples, the display would be located on one side of second major surface 205, and the viewer would view the display from the side of first major surface 203. As described herein, Figure 2 The foldable device 101 shown changes and folds into a Figure 5 The foldable device 401 is shown folded, and / or Figure 3 The foldable device 301 shown changes and folds into a Figure 6 Folding device 601 is shown folded as part of a parallel plate test for the device and / or a dynamic cycle test for the device. In these tests, PET plate 507 simulates the mechanical effects of a display device. Alternatively, although not shown, the foldable device can be configured so that a user will view the display from the side of the second major surface.

[0259] The width 252 of the central portion 241 of the foldable substrate 201 is defined between the first portion 221 and the second portion 231 in the direction 106 of the length 105. In aspects, the width 252 of the central portion 241 of the foldable substrate 201 can extend from the first portion 221 to the second portion 231. In aspects, the width 252 of the central portion 241 can be about 1.4 times or more, about 1.6 times or more, about 2 times or more, about 2.2 times or more, about 3 times or less, or about 2.5 times or less of the minimum parallel plate spacing of the foldable substrate 201. In aspects, the width 252 of the central portion 241 as a multiple of the minimum parallel plate spacing can be in the range of about 1.4 times to about 3 times, about 1.6 times to about 3 times, about 1.6 times to about 2.5 times, about 2 times to about 2.5 times, about 2.2 times to about 2.5 times, about 2.2 times to about 3 times, or any range or sub-range therebetween. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the length of the curved portion in the circular configuration between the parallel plates can be about 1.6 times the parallel plate spacing 511. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the length of the curved portion in the elliptical configuration between the parallel plates can be about 2.2 times the parallel plate spacing 511. In aspects, the width 252 of the central portion 241 of the foldable substrate 201 can be about 1 mm or more, about 3 mm or more, about 5 mm or more, about 8 mm or more, about 10 mm or more, about 15 mm or more, about 20 mm or more, about 100 mm or less, about 60 mm or less, about 50 mm or less, about 40 mm or less, about 35 mm or less, about 30 mm or less, or about 25 mm or less. In aspects, the width 252 of the central portion 241 of the foldable substrate 201 can be in the range of about 1 mm to about 100 mm, about 3 mm to about 100 mm, about 3 mm to about 60 mm, about 5 mm to about 60 mm, about 5 mm to about 50 mm, about 8 mm to about 50 mm, about 8 mm to about 40 mm, about 10 mm to about 40 mm, about 10 mm to about 35 mm, about 15 mm to about 35 mm, about 15 mm to about 30 mm, about 20 mm to about 30 mm, about 20 mm to about 25 mm, or any range or sub-range therebetween. In aspects, the width 252 of the central portion 241 of the foldable substrate 201 can be about 2.8 mm or more, about 6 mm or more, about 9 mm or more, about 60 mm or less, about 40 mm or less, or about 24 mm or less. In aspects, the width 252 of the central portion 241 of the foldable substrate 201 can be in the range of about 2.8 mm to about 60 mm, about 2.8 mm to about 40 mm, about 2.8 mm to about 24 mm, about 6 mm to about 60 mm, about 6 mm to about 40 mm, about 6 mm to about 24 mm, about 9 mm to about 60 mm, about 9 mm to about 40 mm, about 9 mm to about 24 mm, or any range or sub-range therebetween.By providing a central portion (eg, between the first portion and the second portion) with a width falling within the above range, folding of the foldable device without failure may be facilitated.

[0260] For parallel plate testing of the device and / or dynamic cycling testing of the device, the material (e.g., Figure 2-3 The release liner 271 shown was replaced with a PET sheet 507 having a thickness 508 of 50 μm to form a foldable device to be tested in the parallel plate apparatus 501. As with the "for polymer" version of these tests, for the "for device" version, the Figure 5-6 The foldable device 401 or 601 shown to be folded is placed between the parallel rigid stainless steel plate pair 503 and 505, so that the second major surface 205 of the foldable substrate 201 faces and / or contacts (if no additional material is arranged on the second major surface) the parallel rigid stainless steel plates 503 and 505, while the third major surface 506 (opposite to the fourth major surface 504) of the PET plate 507 is located on the inner side of the foldable device 401 or 601 and faces itself.

[0261] Then, in a parallel plate test for the device, the spacing between parallel plates 503 and 505 was reduced at a rate of 50 μm / sec until the parallel plate spacing 511 (see Figure 5 ) is equal to the "parallel plate spacing" to be tested. In an environment maintained at 23°C and 50% relative humidity, the foldable device 401 or 601 to be folded is maintained at the parallel plate spacing to be tested in the parallel plate device 501 for 7 days. If the test device does not fail during the 7-day parallel plate spacing for testing, the foldable device can withstand the predetermined parallel plate spacing. As used herein, the terms "failure" and "failure" refer to rupture, destruction, delamination or crack propagation. Similarly, in a parallel plate test for a device, if the test device containing a polymer-based portion (e.g., an adhesive layer) is maintained at a parallel plate spacing of "X" for 7 days at about 25°C and about 50% relative humidity, the foldable device achieves a parallel plate spacing "X" or has a parallel plate spacing "X" or includes a parallel plate spacing "X". As used herein, the "minimum parallel plate spacing" is the minimum parallel plate spacing that the test device (e.g., a foldable device to be folded) can withstand without failure under the conditions and configurations described above.

[0262] In aspects, the foldable device can achieve the following parallel plate spacing in a parallel plate test for the device: 100 mm or less, 50 mm or less, 20 mm or less, 10 mm or less, 5 mm or less, 4 mm or less, or 3 mm or less. In other aspects, the foldable device can achieve the following parallel plate spacing: 50 millimeters (mm), or 20 mm, or 10 mm, or 5 mm, 4 mm, or 3 mm. In aspects, the foldable device can include the following minimum parallel plate spacing in a parallel plate test for the device: about 40 mm or less, about 20 mm or less, about 10 mm or less, about 5 mm or less, about 4 mm or less, about 3 mm or less, about 1 mm or less, about 1 mm or more, about 3 mm or more, about 5 mm or more, or about 10 mm or more. In aspects, the foldable device can include a minimum parallel plate spacing in a parallel plate test for the device in the range of about 1 mm to about 40 mm, about 1 mm to about 20 mm, about 1 mm to about 10 mm, about 1 mm to about 5 mm, about 1 mm to about 4 mm, about 1 mm to about 3 mm. In aspects, the foldable device can achieve a minimum parallel plate spacing in a parallel plate test for the device in the range of about 2 mm to about 40 mm, about 2 mm to about 20 mm, about 2 mm to about 10 mm, about 3 mm to about 10 mm, about 3 mm to about 5 mm, about 5 mm to about 10 mm, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0263] In a dynamic cycle test for a device, a foldable device as described above (e.g., foldable device 401 or 601) is placed between a pair of parallel rigid stainless steel plates 503 and 505, such that the second major surface 205 of the foldable substrate 201 faces and / or contacts (if no additional material is disposed on the second major surface) the parallel rigid stainless steel plates 503 and 505, while the third major surface 506 (opposite to the fourth major surface 504) of the PET plate 507 is located on the inside of the foldable device 601 and faces itself. In a dynamic cycle test for a device, a "cycle" includes making the parallel plate spacing 511 (see FIG. 5 ) between the parallel plates 503 and 505 Figure 5 ) is decreased from a spacing of 100 mm until the parallel plate spacing 511 is equal to the "parallel plate spacing" to be tested and then the parallel plate spacing is increased to 100 mm. The folded foldable device 401 or 601 is cycled for 200,000 cycles at a cycle rate of 30 cycles per minute in an environment maintained at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity. If the test device does not fail during 200,000 cycles, the foldable device can withstand the predetermined parallel plate spacing.

[0264] In aspects, the foldable device can achieve the following parallel plate spacing in a dynamic cycle test for the device: 100 mm or less, 50 mm or less, 20 mm or less, 10 mm or less, 5 mm or less, 4 mm or less, or 3 mm or less. In other aspects, the foldable device can achieve the following parallel plate spacing: 50 millimeters (mm), or 20 mm, or 10 mm, or 5 mm, 4 mm, or 3 mm. In aspects, the foldable device can include the following minimum parallel plate spacing in a dynamic cycle test for the device: about 40 mm or less, about 20 mm or less, about 10 mm or less, about 5 mm or less, about 4 mm or less, about 3 mm or less, about 1 mm or less, about 1 mm or more, about 3 mm or more, about 5 mm or more, or about 10 mm or more. In aspects, the foldable device can include a minimum parallel plate spacing in a dynamic cycle test for the device in the range of about 1 mm to about 40 mm, about 1 mm to about 20 mm, about 1 mm to about 10 mm, about 1 mm to about 5 mm, about 1 mm to about 4 mm, about 1 mm to about 3 mm. In aspects, the foldable device can achieve a minimum parallel plate spacing in a dynamic cycle test for the device in the range of about 2 mm to about 40 mm, about 2 mm to about 20 mm, about 2 mm to about 10 mm, about 3 mm to about 10 mm, about 3 mm to about 5 mm, about 5 mm to about 10 mm, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0265] As used herein, the "pen drop for device" test and the "quasi-static puncture for device" test use the same modified foldable device as described above for the "parallel plate test for device" and the "dynamic cycle for device" test. The "pen drop for polymer" test is performed as follows: the third major surface 506 of the PET plate 507 is placed on an aluminum plate (6063 aluminum alloy, polished to a surface roughness with 400 mesh paper) so that the third major surface 506 of the PET plate 507 contacts the aluminum plate. No strips are used on the side of the sample that is located on the aluminum plate. As described herein, a load (i.e., a pen dropped from a certain height) is applied to the outer major surface (e.g., the second major surface 205 of the foldable substrate 201). The pen drop for polymers uses a conduit to guide the pen to the outer surface of the foldable device. For Figure 5 The modified foldable device 401 (as described above from Figure 2 The foldable device 101 shown is modified), guiding the pen to an outer major surface (e.g., the second major surface 205 of the foldable substrate 201), and placing the tube in contact with the outer major surface so that the longitudinal axis of the tube is based on being perpendicular to the outer major surface and the longitudinal axis of the tube extends in the direction of gravity.

[0266] The pen-down device 1401 shown in Figure 1401 is as described above with reference to the pen-down test for polymers and is also used for the pen-down test for devices. The ballpoint pen 1403 is maintained at a predetermined height 1409 from the outer surface of the foldable device (e.g., the first major surface 205 of the foldable device 201). A tube (not shown for clarity) is used as part of the pen-down device 1401 to guide the ballpoint pen 1403 to the outer surface of the sample (e.g., the second major surface 205 of the foldable substrate 201), and the tube is placed in contact with the outer surface so that the longitudinal axis of the tube is substantially perpendicular to the outer major surface, and the longitudinal axis of the tube extends in the direction of gravity. For each test, an acrylonitrile butadiene ("ABS") pad (not shown) is used to maintain the ballpoint pen 1403 at a predetermined height 1409.

[0267] For the pen drop test for the device, the ballpoint pen 1403 is dropped with the cap attached to the top end (i.e., the end opposite the ballpoint pen tip 1405) so that the ballpoint pen tip 1405 can interact with the test sample (e.g., the second major surface 205 of the foldable device 201). In the drop sequence according to the pen drop test for the device, a pen drop is performed at an initial height of 1 cm, followed by drops in 0.5 cm increments (up to 20 cm), and then after 20 cm, in 2 cm increments until the test sample fails. After each drop, any observable evidence of cracks, failures, or other damage to the sample is recorded, as well as the specific pen drop height. After each drop, the guide tube is repositioned relative to the outer surface of the sample to be tested, thereby guiding the ballpoint pen 1403 to a different impact location on the outer surface of the sample to be tested. The ballpoint pen is replaced with a new pen every 5 drops and each time a new multi-layer device is tested. Furthermore, unless otherwise noted, all pen drops were made at random locations on the first major surface 1302 at or near the center of the first major surface 1302, and no pen drops were made near or on the edge of the sample. Using the pen drop test for the device, multiple samples can be tested according to the same drop sequence to produce groups with improved statistical accuracy.

[0268] For the purpose of the pen drop test for the device, "failure" means the formation of a visually observable mechanical defect in the stack. The mechanical defect can be a crack or a plastic deformation (e.g., a surface indentation). The crack can be a surface crack or a through crack. The crack may form on the inner or outer surface of the foldable device. The crack may penetrate the entirety or a portion of the foldable device or its layers. A visually observable mechanical defect has a minimum dimension of 0.2 mm or greater.

[0269] In aspects, in a pen drop test for the device, the foldable device can resist a pen drop onto the area without denting (e.g., Figure 2 As used herein, "pen drop threshold height" is the maximum pen drop height that a foldable device can withstand without failure. In aspects, a threshold height (e.g., a pen drop threshold height in a pen drop test for a device) at which a foldable device can drop a pen onto an area without a depression (e.g., Figure 2 The depression 211 in the device (resistance to failure) can be: 12 cm or more, about 14 cm or more, about 16 cm or more, about 18 cm or more, about 20 cm or more, about 21 cm or more, about 22 cm or more, about 23 cm or more, about 24 cm or more, about 25 cm or more, about 40 cm or less, about 35 cm or less, about 30 cm or less, about 28 cm or less, 25 cm or less, about 22 cm or less, or about 20 cm or less. In aspects, in a pen drop test for a device, the foldable device can be dropped onto an area without a depression (e.g., Figure 2 The depression 211) in the pen-down resisting failure threshold height may be in the range of about 12 cm to about 40 cm, about 14 cm to about 40 cm, about 16 cm to about 35 cm, about 18 cm to about 35 cm, about 20 cm to about 30 cm, about 21 cm to about 28 cm, about 22 cm to about 25 cm, or any range or sub-range therebetween.

[0270] In the quasi-static puncture test for polymers, a tungsten carbide ball with a predetermined diameter is placed on an outer surface (e.g., the second major surface 205 of the foldable substrate 201) and pressed into the outer surface at a rate of 0.5 mm / minute until failure. The modified foldable device is configured so that the third major surface 506 of the PET sheet 507 is placed on an aluminum sheet (6063 aluminum alloy, polished to a surface roughness of 400 mesh paper) so that the third major surface 506 of the PET sheet 507 contacts the aluminum sheet. No strips are used on the side of the sample that is on the aluminum sheet. Unless otherwise specified, the predetermined diameter of the tungsten carbide ball is 0.5 mm. The polymer-based portion may exhibit the following puncture resistance as measured in a quasi-static puncture test for polymers: 2.0 kgf or more, 2.5 kgf or more, 3.0 kgf or more, 3.5 kgf or more, 4.0 kgf or more, 4.2 kgf or more, 4.4 kgf or more, 4.5 kgf or more, 4.6 kgf or more, 4.7 kgf or more, 4.8 kgf or more, 4.9 kgf or more, 5.0 kgf or more.

[0271] Will refer to Figure 11-12 The flowchart and Figure 13-15 Aspects of methods of manufacturing a foldable device and / or a foldable substrate according to aspects of the present disclosure are discussed with reference to the exemplary method steps shown in .

[0272] Now refer to Figure 10-11 right Figure 2-3 5-6, and exemplary aspects of manufacturing the foldable device 101, 301, 401, and / or 601 are discussed. The method may begin by providing a foldable substrate 201 or 307 (see Figure 10-11 ). In aspects, the foldable substrate 201 or 307 can be provided by purchasing or obtaining the substrate in any other manner or by forming the foldable substrate. In aspects, the foldable substrate 201 or 307 can include a glass-based and / or ceramic-based substrate. In other aspects, the glass-based substrate and / or the ceramic-based substrate can be provided by forming through various strip forming processes, such as: slot drawing, down-drawing, fusion down-drawing, up-drawing, roller pressing, redrawing or float. In other aspects, the ceramic-based substrate can be provided by heating a glass-based substrate to crystallize one or more ceramic crystals. The foldable substrate 201 can include a depression 211 (see Fig.10 ) or the foldable substrate 307 may have a uniform thickness over its length (see Fig.11 ). The foldable substrate may include a first major surface 203 or 303. In aspects, the foldable substrate 201 or 307 may be chemically strengthened. In aspects, such as Fig.10 As shown, the method may further include disposing a polymer-based portion 281 on the foldable substrate 201 (eg, disposing the polymer-based portion in the recess 211 ).

[0273] In addition, as discussed above, the method can include providing a composition for a polymer-based portion (e.g., an adhesive layer). For example, the composition can be provided by purchase or by mixing the components. Figure 10-11As shown, the method may include arranging composition 1003 above and / or on foldable substrate 201 or 307, for example, by dispensing composition 1003 from container 1001 above first major surface 203 or 303 to form layer 1005, which can be cured to form a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer 261). Subsequently, the method may include curing the composition to form a polymer-based portion, which may include any corresponding aspects discussed above with reference to the curing of the composition. After the composition is cured to form a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer), the method may be completed. Alternatively, the method may also include assembling to obtain a foldable device and / or consumer electronic product. For example, additional substrates, adhesive layers, polymer-based portions and / or electronic devices (e.g., display devices) may be arranged on and / or above a foldable substrate to form a consumer electronic product.

[0274] Example

[0275] Various aspects are further described by the following examples. The compositions of Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples AA-KK are provided in Tables 1-2, respectively. Table 3 provides the properties of Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples YY-ZZ. Table 4 provides the properties of Comparative Examples AA-KK. Table 5 presents the properties of Assembly 100 and AAA. Comparative Example YY corresponds to CEF-3501 (purchased from 3M Company), and Comparative Example ZZ corresponds to CEF-3502 (purchased from 3M Company).

[0276] In Table 1-2, Spur 1015 is a silane-terminated polyurethane, which corresponds to Spur 1015 (Momentive) having silane terminations at both ends of the polymer. In Table 1-2, XM-25, S203H, and STP23000 are silane-terminated polyethers. XM-25 corresponds to Geniosil XM-25 (Wacker Chemie), which has silane terminations at both ends of the polymer. S203H corresponds to MS polymer S203H (Kaneka). STP23000 corresponds to SiSiB STP23000 (SinoPCC). Max-951 is an acrylic modified silyl-terminated polyether and corresponds to Silyl Max951 (Kaneka). In Table 1-2, DMS-S12, DMS-S14, DMS-S15, and DMS-S21 are silanol-terminated PDMS polymers having different molecular weights. DMS-S12 corresponds to DMS-S12 (Gelest) with a molecular weight Mn of 400 to 700 Daltons. DMS-S14 corresponds to DMS-S14 (Gelest) with a molecular weight Mn of 700 to 1500 Daltons. DMS-S15 corresponds to DMS-S15 (Gelest) with a molecular weight Mn of 2000 to 3500 Daltons. DMS-S21 corresponds to DMS-S14 (Gelest) with a molecular weight Mn of approximately 4200 Daltons. In Table 1-2, APTES and ETMS are silane coupling agents. ATPES corresponds to aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and ETMS corresponds to ethoxytrimethoxysilane. In Table 1-2, TNBT is a curing agent (i.e., tetrabutyl titanate).

[0277] Table 1 presents the composition of embodiment 1-10, unit is weight %.Consistent with what discussed above, weight % is based on the total composition except curing catalyst (TNBT).Embodiment 1-10 comprises 60 weight % to about 90 weight % (for example, 60 weight % to 86 weight %) of silane-terminated polyurethane (for example, Spur 1015).Embodiment 1-10 comprises about 9 weight % to 30 weight % of silane-terminated polyether (for example, XM-25, S2303H, STP23000).Embodiment 1-10 comprises about 4 weight % to about 10 weight % of molecular weight Mn is about 400 dalton to about 700 dalton of silanol-terminated PDMS (DMS-S12).Embodiment 1-10 comprises about 1 weight % to about 2 weight % of curing catalyst (for example, TNBT).

[0278] Table 1: Composition of Examples 1-10

[0279]

[0280]

[0281] Table 2: Composition of Comparative Examples AA-KK

[0282] Examples AA BB CC DD EE FF GG HH II JJ KK Spur 1015 0 45.5 45.5 45.5 45.5 45.5 45.5 50 72.7 81.8 47.6 XM-25 100 45.5 45.5 45.5 45.5 45.5 45.5 0 18.2 9.1 47.6 Max-951 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 DMS-S12 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8 DMS-S14 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 9.1 9.1 0 DMS-S15 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DMS-S21 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 APTES 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 ETMS 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 TNBT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

[0283] Table 2 presents the composition of comparative example AA-KK, unit is weight %. Consistent with what discussed above, weight % is based on the total composition except curing catalyst (TNBT).Comparative example AA does not have polyurethane and does not have siloxane.Comparative example BB-KK comprises a mixture of silane-modified polyurethane (e.g., Spur 1015) and silane-modified polyether (e.g., XM-25, Max-951).Comparative example BB-EE comprises different siloxanes (e.g., DMS-S12, DMS-S14, DMS-S15, DMS-S21).Comparative example FF-GG comprises silane coupling agent (e.g., APTES, ETMS) instead of siloxane.

[0284] Table 3 presents the properties of Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples YY-ZZ. In Tables 3-4, "EM" refers to the elastic modulus of the sample measured as described above, with the stated amount of time (e.g., 3 days, 7 days, or 14 days) after solidification. As shown in Table 3, the elastic modulus increases slightly over time, indicating that the curing reaction continues for several days to a certain extent. Example 1-10 includes an elastic modulus (e.g., 0.19MPa or less) less than 0.20MPa after 3 days. Example 1-5 and 7-10 include an elastic modulus less than 0.18MPa (e.g., about 0.16MPa or less) and less than 0.20MPa after 7 days or 14 days. Example 1-3 and 7-10 include an elastic modulus after 3 days, 7 days, and / or 14 days, including an elastic modulus less than 0.10MPa, less than 0.07MPa, or less than 0.05MPa. Examples 1-10 include elastic moduli of about 0.01 MPa or greater after 7 days or after 14 days. As discussed above, Examples 1-3 and 7-10 include about 9 wt % siloxane, while Examples 4-6 include less than 5 wt % siloxane. Combining this observation from Table 1 with the elastic moduli of Table 3, it appears that for the composition ranges discussed herein, 5 wt % or more siloxane (e.g., silanol terminated siloxane) is associated with an elastic modulus of less than 0.1 MPa.

[0285] Table 3: Properties of Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples YY-ZZ

[0286]

[0287]

[0288] Table 3 also presents the performance of Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples YY-ZZ in the dynamic cycle test for polymers with a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm. The warpage results presented by the examples of the dynamic cycle test for polymers subjected to 200,000 (200k) cycles are also presented. Where applicable, the number of cycles subjected is presented with the abbreviation k=1000 (e.g., 200k=200,000). As shown in Table 3, Examples 1-3 and 7-10 withstood all 200,000 cycles of dynamic cycle tests for polymers. Examples 1-3 and 7-9 (after the dynamic cycle test for polymers) contain residual warpage of less than 5 mm, while Comparative Examples YY-ZZ contain warpage of 5 mm or more. For peel adhesion, the sample is allowed to stay for 1 day between lamination and peeling. The "3 days" or "7 days" mark on the peel adhesion refers to the length of time used to measure the peel adhesion after the sample is cured. Examples 3-10 included peel adhesion of 100 N / m or greater after 3 or 7 days.Examples 1-2 and 7-10 and Comparative Examples YY-Z exhibited cohesive failure (CF), while Examples 3-6 exhibited adhesive failure (AF) (rather than cohesive failure).

[0289] Table 4 presents the properties of Comparative Examples AA-KK. Comparative Examples AA-CC are not cured and cannot be measured in a parallel plate apparatus, and contain 45 wt % or more of silane-terminated polyether. Comparative Example FF is turbid and brittle, which prevents measurement thereof. Comparative Examples DD-FF and II-KK are turbid (which is associated with high haze). Since Comparative Examples CC-EE and II-JJ have siloxanes with higher molecular weight Mn than the siloxanes (DMS-S12) of Examples 1-10 and Comparative Example KK, it appears that high molecular weight Mn (e.g., 1000 Daltons or more or 700 Daltons or more) siloxanes are associated with turbidity in the resulting polymer.

[0290] Table 4: Properties of Comparative Examples AA-KK

[0291]

[0292]

[0293] Comparative Example DD-EE survived all 200,000 cycles of the dynamic cycle test for polymers and exhibited a warpage of 5 mm or less. Comparative Examples DD-EE and II-JJ exhibited a peel adhesion of 100 N / m or greater. However, Comparative Examples DD-EE and HH-JJ exhibited an elastic modulus of 0.20 MPa or greater.

[0294] Table 5 presents the properties of the assembly 100 and AAA, which correspond to Fig.13 Multilayer assembly 1301 shown and discussed above with reference to the pen drop test for polymers and the quasi-static test for polymers. For assembly 100, the polymer tested was Example 1. For assembly AAA, the polymer tested was Comparative Example YY. Both assemblies 100 and AAA survived 200,000 times for a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm. After this, assembly AAA exhibited a warpage of 20 mm or more, while assembly 100 had a warpage of about 15 mm (5.5 mm or about 25% less than assembly AAA). Both assemblies 100 and AAA withstood a 3 mm parallel plate spacing maintained in an environment maintained at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity for 7 days. After this, assembly AAA exhibited a warpage of 25 mm or more, while assembly 100 had a warpage of less than 20 mm, i.e., 16.5 mm (9 mm or about 35% less than assembly AAA). Thus, for both static folding and dynamic cycling, the polymer of Example 1 in assembly 100 exhibits lower warpage than Comparative Example YY used in assembly AAA.

[0295] Table 5: Properties of assembly 100 and AAA

[0296] Assembly parts 100 AAA Dynamic cycle (3mm) 200k 200k Warpage(mm)(dynamic) 15.0 20.5 Parallel plate (3mm) pass pass Warpage (mm) (parallel plate) 16.5 25.5 Quasi-static puncture (kfg) 4.95±0.08 4.88±0.09 Pen height (cm) 22.4±1.1 27.0±0.8

[0297] In addition, Table 5 presents the results of the pen drop test for polymers and the quasi-static test for polymers. As shown, the assembly 100 and AAA exhibited a load of about 4.9 kgf, which is within the error range of each other. In addition, the assembly 100 and AAA withstood a pen drop height of 20 cm or more without failure.

[0298] The above observations can be combined to provide polymer-based portions (e.g., adhesive layers), foldable devices and consumer electronic products containing the same, and methods of manufacturing the same, including an elastic modulus of about 20 megapascals (MPa) or less. Providing a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) with an elastic modulus of about 0.005 MPa to about 0.20 MPa (e.g., about 0.01 MPa to about 0.07 MPa) can reduce the bending-induced mechanical instability of the resulting foldable device and / or consumer electronic product. For example, the polymer-based portion can form a neutral plane (i.e., a series of positions containing essentially zero strain when folded as part of a larger device or product), which can decouple adjacent layers of the larger device or product (i.e., reduce or avoid stress coupling), which otherwise may combine to exceed a bending-induced strain threshold (exceeding this threshold is the beginning of mechanical instability). Providing a peel adhesion of about 100 N / m or greater (e.g., about 100 N / m to about 2000 N / m or about 300 N / m to about 1200 N / m) can enable a polymer-based portion (e.g., an adhesive layer) to provide good adhesion between components of a larger device or product.

[0299] The polymer-based part can include a polymer chain with a polyurethane block and a polyether block. Providing a polyurethane block and a polyether block in a polymer chain can promote good cohesion and / or good adhesion based on the polymer part (e.g., adhesive layer) itself and / or even with adjacent layers when subjected to strain. Without being bound by theory, the oxygen atoms in the main chain of the polyether block can promote the flexibility of the chain to alleviate the strain that will be restored later, and the polyurethane block can give additional elasticity to the polymer (e.g., by making the intermolecular forces that the polyurethane blocks attract each other).

[0300] In addition, polymer chain can include polysiloxane blocks except polyurethane and polyether blocks.Providing molecular weight Mn is about 100 dalton to about 1000 dalton or about 400 dalton to about 700 dalton siloxane blocks can improve the adhesion based on polymer part (for example, adhesive layer) without weakening transparency or increasing haze.In addition, the amount of polysiloxane provided is about 5 wt % or more (for example, about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % or about 7 wt % to about 12 wt %) can realize that the elastic modulus of about 0.005MPa to about 0.20MPa (for example, about 0.01MPa to about 0.07MPa) based on polymer part (for example, adhesive layer) shows good adhesion simultaneously, as demonstrated by the embodiments herein.

[0301] The blocks of polymer chains may contain silane linkages therebetween. The method of the present disclosure includes curing a composition comprising an alkoxysilane end-capping and / or silanol end-capping reactant, which can achieve free association and reaction of different components to form a polymer chain based on a polymer portion. In addition, silane (e.g., alkoxysilane or silanol) end-capping can promote good adhesion to glass-based substrates and / or ceramic-based substrates. Providing a coating (e.g., a heat-curable coating) that does not contain a photoinitiator can eliminate the yellowing problem. Providing a polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) that is substantially free of and / or free of silica nanoparticles can reduce processing issues (e.g., agglomeration, aggregation, phase separation) in forming the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer), improve the optical properties of the polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) (e.g., maintaining low haze and / or high transmittance, even after aging at elevated temperature and / or humidity), and reduce the mechanical properties of the resulting polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) (e.g., hardness, modulus, strain, impact resistance) compared to a corresponding polymer-based portion (e.g., adhesive layer) without silica nanoparticles.

[0302] Directional terms used herein, such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, and bottom, are only used with reference to the drawings and are not intended to represent absolute orientations.

[0303] It will be understood that the various aspects disclosed may relate to specific features, elements or steps described with a particular aspect. It will also be understood that although specific features, elements or steps are described in conjunction with one aspect, different aspects may be interchanged or combined with each other in various combinations or permutations not shown.

[0304] It is also to be understood that the terms "the," "an," or "an" as used herein mean "at least one" and should not be limited to "only one" unless expressly specified to the contrary. Thus, for example, reference to "an" component includes aspects having two or more such components unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Similarly, "plurality" is intended to mean "more than one."

[0305] As used herein, the term "about" indicates that the amount, size, formulation, parameter and other variables and characteristics are not and need not be exact, but may be approximate and / or larger or smaller as needed, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding and measurement errors, etc., as well as other factors known to those skilled in the art. Herein, a range may be expressed as starting from "about" another specific value and / or terminating at "about" another specific value. When such a range is expressed, aspects include starting from a specific value and / or ending at another specific value. Similarly, when the antecedent "about" is used to indicate that a numerical value is an approximate value, it should be understood that a specific numerical value constitutes another aspect. Regardless of whether the numerical value or the endpoint of a range of this specification is stated as "about", the numerical value or the endpoint of the range is intended to include two aspects: one modified by "about" and one not modified by "about". It should also be understood that the endpoint values ​​of each range are meaningful when they are related to another endpoint value and when they are not related to another endpoint value.

[0306] As used herein, the terms "substantially," "substantially," and variations thereof are intended to mean that the described feature is equal to or approximately the same as a value or description. For example, a "substantially flat" surface is intended to mean a flat or approximately flat surface. Additionally, as defined above, "substantially similar" is intended to mean that two values ​​are equal or approximately equal. In aspects, "substantially similar" can mean that the values ​​are within about 10% of each other, such as within about 5% of each other, or within about 2% of each other.

[0307] Unless otherwise stated, it is not intended that any method described herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Therefore, when a method claim does not actually state that its steps follow a certain order or it does not specifically indicate in any other way in the claims or description that the steps are limited to a specific order, it is not intended to imply any particular order.

[0308] Although the transitional term "comprising" may be used to disclose various features, elements, or steps of a particular aspect, it is to be understood that this implies including alternative aspects that may be described using the transitional terms "consisting of," "consisting essentially of." Thus, for example, implicit alternative aspects for a device comprising A+B+C include aspects where the device consists of A+B+C and aspects where the device consists essentially of A+B+C. As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the terms "comprising" and "including" and variations thereof should be understood to be synonymous and open ended.

[0309] The above-described aspects and features of those aspects are exemplary and may be provided alone or in any combination with any one or more features of the other aspects provided herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0310] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure covers modifications and changes to aspects of this document as long as they fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A consumer electronic product, comprising: a housing including a front surface, a back surface, and a side surface; an electronic assembly at least partially located within the housing, the electronic assembly including a controller, a memory, and a display, the display being located at or facing the front surface of the housing; a cover substrate disposed over the display, Wherein at least one of a portion of the housing or a portion of the covering substrate comprises a foldable device comprising: A foldable substrate comprising a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material; A polymer-based portion attached to a foldable substrate, the polymer-based portion comprising: A refractive index in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.6, wherein the difference between the refractive index of the polymer-based portion and the refractive index of the foldable substrate is about 0.1 or less; An elastic modulus at 23° C. ranging from about 0.005 MPa to about 0.20 MPa; and One or more chains comprising at least polyether blocks and polyurethane blocks.

2. The consumer electronic product according to claim 1, wherein: The elastic modulus of the polymer-based portion ranges from about 0.01 MPa to about 0.07 MPa.

3. The consumer electronic product according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: The one or more chains include silane linkages between polyether blocks and polyurethane blocks.

4. The consumer electronic product according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The one or more chains also include polysiloxane blocks.

5. The consumer electronic product according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The polymer-based part contains no photoinitiator.

6. The consumer electronic product according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The polymer-based portion exhibits a peel adhesion of about 100 N / m or greater.

7. The consumer electronic product according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The polymer-based portion includes an average transmittance of about 90% or greater measured over a wavelength range of light from 400 nanometers to 760 nanometers.

8. The consumer electronic product according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The polymer-based portion includes a haze of about 0.2% or less.

9. The consumer electronic product according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The polymer-based portion includes an ultimate elongation of about 50% or greater.

10. The consumer electronic product according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: In a dynamic cycle test for polymers, the polymer-based parts were able to withstand 200,000 bending cycles for a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm at 23°C and 50% relative humidity.

11. The consumer electronic product according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The polymer-based part exhibited a warpage of about 20 mm or less immediately after 200,000 bending cycles at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity with a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm, and the bending cycles were performed according to the dynamic cycle test for polymers.

12. The consumer electronic product according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein: In the parallel plate test for polymers, the polymer-based parts were able to withstand a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm for 7 days at 23°C and 50% relative humidity.

13. The consumer electronic product according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein: In a parallel plate test for polymers, the polymer-based part exhibited a warpage of about 20 mm or less immediately after being maintained at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity for 7 days with a parallel plate spacing of 3 mm.

14. The consumer electronic product according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein: In a quasi-static puncture test for polymers, the polymer-based portion exhibits a puncture resistance of about 4 kgf or greater.

15. The consumer electronic product according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein: The polymer-based product includes a product obtained by curing a composition, based on 100% by weight of the composition excluding the curing catalyst, the composition comprising: 50-90 wt. % alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated polyurethane; 6-40 wt. % of alkoxy-silane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether; 4-20 wt% alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane; and 0.5-5 wt% of a curing catalyst.

16. A method of manufacturing a consumer electronic product, comprising: disposing the composition on a substrate comprising a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material; as well as allowing the composition to cure to form a polymer-based part, Among them, consumer electronics products include displays, Wherein, taking the composition excluding the curing agent as 100 wt %, the composition comprises: 50-90 wt. % alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated polyurethane; 6-40 wt. % of alkoxy-silane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether; 4-20 wt% alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane; and 0.5-5 wt% of a curing agent; and Among them, the polymer-based part includes: a refractive index in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.6; and The elastic modulus ranges from about 0.005 MPa to about 0.20 MPa at 23°C.

17. The method of any one of claims 16 to 28, wherein: The molecular weight Mn of the alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxanes ranges from about 100 Daltons to about 1000 Daltons.

18. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 17, wherein: The composition comprises: 55-85 wt. % alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated polyurethane; 7-35 wt. % of alkoxy-silane-terminated or silanol-terminated polyether; 7-12 wt% alkoxy-silane terminated or silanol terminated siloxane; and 0.5-5% by weight of curing agent.

19. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein: The elastic modulus of the polymer-based portion ranges from about 0.01 MPa to about 0.07 MPa.

20. The method of any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein: The composition includes a viscosity range of about 3 Pascal-seconds to about 30 Pascal-seconds at 23°C.

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