Dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device and method considering soil saturation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, and discloses a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device and method considering soil saturation, and the device comprises a saturation monitoring front end assembly, a saturation calculation assembly, a fan, a rainfall monitoring module, an acousto-optic early warning module, a power supply module, a ventilation pipe and a vertical rod which are electrically connected. The saturation monitoring front end assembly comprises a soil loading cylinder; a steel wire mesh and a gate are mounted in the soil loading cylinder; the gate is connected with and controlled by the gate opening and closing automatic controller; the left and right parts of the gate are spliced to form a round hole; the air outlet end of the ventilation pipe is inserted into the soil loading cylinder through the round hole of the gate, and the other end is connected with the fan; the saturation calculation assembly is connected to the ventilation pipe and located below the draught fan. An air overflow opening is formed in the wall of the ventilation pipe. By monitoring the soil body saturation in the whole soil layer depth range, considering the soil body permeability and calculating to achieve dynamic updating of the rainfall early warning threshold, scientific and dynamic early warning of rainfall of geological disasters such as landslide and slope flow is achieved, and the early warning accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, and in particular to a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device and method taking soil saturation into consideration. Background Art

[0002] Short-term extremely heavy rainfall can cause a large number of slope flow geological disasters in traditionally low-risk areas. Such slope flow disasters are mostly caused by the saturation and instability of local shallow loose soil on the upper part of the slope and its rapid downward sliding and scraping. The disasters are extremely sudden and hidden.

[0003] In order to effectively deal with such geological disasters, rainfall monitoring and early warning have become an important means of disaster prevention and mitigation. However, traditional rainfall monitoring and early warning have significant limitations.

[0004] Traditional rainfall warnings are mainly based on a fixed rainfall threshold. When the rainfall intensity exceeds the threshold, a warning is issued. Usually, the rainfall threshold is set through historical statistical data and experience. This method does not take into account the permeability, porosity and other properties of the soil, nor does it take into account the previous effective rainfall. As a result, traditional rainfall warnings lack consideration of the previous rainfall infiltration situation, resulting in poor warning effects. The applicability of rainfall warnings for overland flow geological disasters is even worse and the accuracy is not high. In addition, traditional soil saturation monitoring sensors can only reflect the soil saturation situation at the location where the sensor is buried, while rainfall infiltration is a dynamic process. Therefore, this type of method cannot directly reflect the saturation situation within the entire soil layer depth range, which is not conducive to the implementation of warning methods that consider soil saturation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device and method that takes soil saturation into consideration, taking into account the dynamic infiltration of rainfall, and achieving dynamic and accurate early warning of geological disasters such as landslides and slope flows.

[0006] The basic scheme provided by the present invention is: a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device considering soil saturation, comprising an electrically connected saturation monitoring front-end assembly, a saturation calculation assembly, a fan, a rainfall monitoring module, an acoustic and light early warning module and a power supply module, as well as a ventilation pipe and a vertical pole;

[0007] The saturation monitoring front-end assembly includes a soil cylinder; a wire mesh and a gate are installed inside the soil cylinder, wherein the gate is located below the wire mesh; the gate is connected to and controlled by a gate opening and closing automatic controller; the gate consists of two parts, left and right, and the two parts are spliced ​​together to form a circular hole;

[0008] The air outlet end of the ventilation pipe is inserted into the soil cylinder through the round hole of the gate, and the other end is connected to the fan; the saturation calculation assembly is connected to the ventilation pipe and is located below the fan; an overflow port is opened on the pipe wall of the ventilation pipe between the fan and the saturation calculation assembly;

[0009] The vertical pole is sleeved on the outside of the fan, the saturation calculation assembly and part of the ventilation pipe; the rainfall monitoring module, the sound and light warning module and the power supply module are installed on the vertical pole.

[0010] The present invention is based on a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device considering soil saturation, and also provides a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning method considering soil saturation; the method comprises:

[0011] S100, device installation, the saturation monitoring front-end assembly is buried in the soil, wherein the top surface of the soil cylinder is on the same plane as the ground; a part of the vertical pole under the saturation calculation assembly is buried underground;

[0012] S200, in the initial state of the soil, the basic data of the soil in the soil cylinder are measured, including the volume of soil in the soil cylinder, porosity, initial wind speed and soil rainwater permeability;

[0013] S300, the device is running. When the rainfall monitoring module detects rainfall, the fan is triggered to run. At the same time, the gate opening and closing automatic controller controls the gate to close, and the ventilation pipe starts to ventilate the soil barrel;

[0014] S400, the saturation calculation assembly determines the real-time wind speed in the ventilation duct, and calculates the current soil saturation based on the real-time wind speed and the initial wind speed;

[0015] S500, the sound and light warning module calculates the predicted value of the soil saturation state after the reserved evacuation time t in combination with the current soil saturation state, the current rainfall intensity and the basic data; and compares the predicted value of the soil saturation state with several pre-set level values ​​to issue a corresponding level warning.

[0016] The working principle and advantages of the present invention are:

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention aims at the characteristics of geological disasters caused by rapid saturation of loose soil in the shallow surface layer on the slope under extreme rainfall conditions, resulting in unstable downward flow and scraping, and proposes a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device and method taking into account the soil saturation. The monitoring and early warning device can be triggered by rainfall, and a dynamic rainfall early warning threshold is calculated in real time by monitoring the soil saturation and real-time moisture content within the depth range of the entire soil layer, while taking into account the soil permeability. This solves the problem of poor early warning effect caused by the traditional early warning method using a fixed rainfall threshold early warning, thereby achieving scientific and dynamic early warning of rainfall for geological disasters such as landslides and slope flows, and greatly improving the accuracy of geological disaster monitoring and early warning.

[0018] It should be clarified that the dynamic rainfall warning threshold of this scheme means that, for example, when the current soil saturation is 60%, the soil is completely saturated after 30 minutes of rainfall with a rainfall intensity of 40 mm / 6 h, then the rainfall of 40 mm / 6 h here is the current rainfall warning threshold; if the current soil saturation is 80%, the soil is completely saturated after 30 minutes of rainfall with a rainfall intensity of 20 mm / 6 h, then the rainfall of 20 mm / 6 h here is the current rainfall warning threshold; so as the rainfall continues or is intermittent, the soil saturation is different, and the rainfall warning threshold is also different, thereby obtaining a rainfall warning threshold in a dynamically changing state, that is, through the operation of this device, as long as it rains, any current rainfall intensity that changes dynamically can be used as a rainfall warning threshold, and further warning is issued by predicting the soil saturation after the calculation time t, while the traditional rainfall warning threshold is a fixed rainfall intensity value, such as 50 mm / 6 h, no matter how much the soil saturation is, a warning is issued when the rainfall intensity reaches or exceeds 50 mm / 6 h.

[0019] Therefore, compared with traditional rainfall monitoring, the early warning system based on soil saturation in this scheme can identify potential risks earlier and issue corresponding early warning signals. It can also realize the monitoring and early warning of continuous drizzle, which has significant advantages. The monitoring device of this scheme overcomes the problem that traditional saturation sensors can only measure the saturation of soil in a small range around the sensor. It cleverly applies the principle of the increase and decrease of the liquid phase and the gas phase in the three phases of solid, liquid and gas in the soil, and reflects the saturation of the soil in the entire soil layer depth range by measuring the wind speed. At the same time, the soil cylinder is used to provide a stable monitoring space. Through the opening and closing of the gate, it effectively assists the wind speed measurement while maintaining the authenticity of the soil situation in the soil cylinder in real time, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy. The rainfall warning method based on soil saturation takes into account the rainwater infiltration characteristics of the soil, combines the current rainfall intensity and the current saturation state of the soil, predicts the saturation of the soil after the reserved evacuation time t, and realizes the real-time dynamic warning of rainfall based on soil saturation. This method can realize the warning of disasters caused by continuous drizzle and the warning of disasters caused by short-term extreme rainfall. In addition, the monitoring device of this scheme has a simple structure, reasonable design, convenient implementation and operation, reasonable cost, and great engineering significance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device taking soil saturation into consideration provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device taking soil saturation into consideration provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the structure of a soil loading cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A top view of a saturation monitoring front end assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a soil loading cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic flow chart of a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning method taking soil saturation into consideration provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] The marks in the drawings of the specification include: saturation monitoring front-end assembly 1, soil loading cylinder 11, wire mesh 12, gate 13, gate opening and closing automatic controller 14, connecting pipe 15, ventilation pipe 2, overflow port 21, saturation calculation assembly 3, saturation display table 31, wind speed measuring device 32, constant wind fan 4, rainfall monitoring module 5, sound and light warning module 6, power supply module 7, and pole 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following is a further detailed description through specific implementation methods:

[0028] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown: a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device considering soil saturation, comprising an electrically connected saturation monitoring front-end assembly 1, a saturation calculation assembly 3, a fan, a rainfall monitoring module 5, an acoustic and light early warning module 6 and a power supply module 7, as well as a ventilation pipe 2 and a vertical pole 8;

[0029] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the saturation monitoring front-end assembly 1 includes a soil loading cylinder 11; a wire mesh 12 and a gate 13 are installed inside the soil loading cylinder 11, wherein the gate 13 is located below the wire mesh 12; the gate 13 is connected to and controlled by a gate opening and closing automatic controller 14; the gate 13 is composed of two left and right parts, and the left and right parts are spliced ​​together to open a circular hole.

[0030] In this embodiment, the soil loading tube 11 is divided into two parts, the upper part has a diameter slightly smaller than the lower part, and the diameter difference is 100-160mm. In actual application, the size of the soil loading tube 11 can be determined according to actual conditions through numerical simulation, similar disaster investigation experience and other methods.

[0031] The steel mesh 12 is arranged at the junction of the upper and lower parts of the soil cylinder 11. The upper part of the soil cylinder 11 is used to hold soil, and the steel mesh 12 is used to bear the soil. The density of the steel mesh 12 is reasonably selected according to the soil conditions at the installation location to meet the need to prevent the soil from leaking down and blocking the gate 13.

[0032] like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the gate 13 is connected to the lower part of the soil barrel 11 through the gate opening and closing automatic controller 14 and the connecting pipe 15. Along the height direction of the soil barrel 11, the vertical spacing between the wire mesh 12 and the gate 13 is 20-50mm; the gate opening and closing automatic controller 14 is used to control the opening and closing of the gate 13 according to the ventilation conditions of the ventilation pipe 2. When the ventilation pipe 2 is ventilated, the gate opening and closing automatic controller 14 controls the gate 13 to close, forming a one-way ventilation channel, so that the wind blows only into the soil barrel 11. When the ventilation pipe 2 is not ventilated, the gate opening and closing automatic controller 14 controls the gate 13 to open, so that the soil barrel 11 is in a through state, so that rainwater in the soil body can seep downward. The left and right parts of the gate 13 are spliced ​​to form a circular hole, and the left and right parts each have a semicircular hole. When the gate 13 is closed, it is spliced ​​to form a circular hole.

[0033] The air outlet end of the ventilation pipe 2 is inserted into the soil loading tube 11 through the circular hole of the gate 13, and the other end is connected to the fan; the saturation calculation assembly 3 is connected to the ventilation pipe 2 and is located below the fan; an overflow port 21 is opened on the pipe wall of the ventilation pipe 2 between the fan and the saturation calculation assembly 3.

[0034] In this embodiment, the ventilation pipe 2 is used to guide air into the soil barrel 11, and the overflow port 21 is used to discharge excess air. When the amount of rainwater in the soil increases, the amount of air discharged through the air outlet is reduced, and the excess air is discharged through the overflow port 21. The diameter of the circular hole is adapted to the diameter of the ventilation pipe 2, and the radius difference is 2-5mm, so that the ventilation pipe 2 can pass through the circular hole, and the gap is reasonable to ensure that the air overflow from the gap does not affect the accuracy of the air volume monitoring of the ventilation pipe 2. The ventilation pipe 2 is a U-shaped structure with different heights at both ends. The air outlet of the ventilation pipe 2 is located between the gate 13 and the wire mesh 12. The diameter of the ventilation pipe 2 is about one tenth of the diameter of the device barrel 11, so as to ensure the rapid and accurate monitoring of the soil saturation in the soil barrel 11.

[0035] In this embodiment, the fan 4 is a constant wind fan, which ensures a relatively stable air volume output under different resistance conditions, reduces the interference in the subsequent wind speed measurement of the ventilation pipe 2, and improves the accuracy of the wind speed measurement; when the constant wind fan 4 is running, the ventilation pipe 2 is ventilated, and the gate opening and closing automatic controller 14 controls the gate 13 to close; when the constant wind fan 4 stops running, the ventilation pipe 2 is not ventilated, and the gate opening and closing automatic controller 14 controls the gate 13 to open.

[0036] In this embodiment, the saturation calculation assembly 3 includes an electrically connected wind speed measuring device 32 and a saturation display table 31, wherein the wind speed measuring device 32 is set outside the ventilation pipe 2 and located inside the vertical pole 8, and the saturation display table 31 is located outside the vertical pole 8. The wind speed measuring device 32 is used to measure the wind speed in the ventilation pipe 2, and the saturation display table 31 is designed with a calculation program to convert the saturation in the soil body through the wind speed and display it. Since the soil body is composed of three phases: solid soil particles, water in the pores, and air, the volume of the soil particles remains unchanged during rainfall, and the water in the pores increases, the amount of air decreases, and therefore the ventilation volume decreases, and the wind speed in the ventilation pipe 2 decreases. The saturation of the soil body can be converted by calculating the ratio of the real-time wind speed to the wind speed in the initial state.

[0037] The vertical pole 8 is sleeved on the outside of the fan, the saturation calculation assembly 3 and part of the ventilation pipe 2; the rainfall monitoring module 5, the sound and light warning module 6 and the power supply module are installed on the vertical pole 8. The installation position of the rainfall monitoring module 5, the sound and light warning module 6 and the power supply module on the vertical pole 8 is higher than the installation position of the fan; the height is calculated in the vertical direction, and the bottom surface height of the vertical pole 8 is less than the top surface height of the soil cylinder 11 and less than the bottom surface height of the soil cylinder 11, which is convenient for installation and fixation, but is not limited to a specific depth of the vertical pole, as long as the stable installation of the vertical pole and the smooth ventilation of the ventilation pipe are achieved.

[0038] The rainfall monitoring module 5 includes a rain gauge and an automatic control system, and is used to monitor real-time rainfall.

[0039] The sound and light warning module 6 has a built-in calculation and warning program for calculating and issuing warning information.

[0040] The power supply module 7 is used to supply power to the entire device. In this embodiment, it is a solar panel suitable for outdoor use.

[0041] The electrical connection of the gate opening and closing automatic controller 14, the saturation calculation assembly 3, the fan, the rainfall monitoring module 5, the sound and light warning module 6 and the power supply module in the saturation monitoring front-end assembly 1 can be achieved based on the existing technology, while taking into account the economic cost and outdoor durability. At the same time, an automatic control program is correspondingly arranged inside each component to realize the following warning method of this scheme.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, this solution also provides a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning method considering soil saturation, using the above monitoring and early warning device, the method includes:

[0043] S100, device installation, the saturation monitoring front-end assembly 1 is buried in the soil, wherein the top surface of the soil cylinder 11 is on the same plane as the ground; a part of the vertical pole 8 below the saturation calculation assembly 3 is buried underground;

[0044] In this embodiment, the soil cylinder 11 is completely buried underground, and a part of the vertical pole 8 is buried underground, which is used to fix and connect the ventilation pipe 2, the saturation calculation assembly 3, the constant wind fan 4, the rainfall monitoring module 5, the sound and light warning module 6 and the power supply module.

[0045] S200, in the initial state of the soil, basic data of the soil in the soil cylinder 11 is measured, the basic data including the soil volume of the soil cylinder 11, the porosity, the initial wind speed and the rainwater permeability of the soil;

[0046] S300, the device is running. When the rainfall monitoring module 5 detects rainfall, the fan is triggered to run, and at the same time, the gate opening and closing automatic controller 14 closes the gate 13, and the ventilation pipe 2 starts to ventilate the soil barrel 11;

[0047] In this embodiment, there is rainfall, and the rainfall intensity value is above the light rain intensity value. The intensity can be adjusted within the light rain intensity range of 0.1-9.9 mm / 24h according to actual conditions, such as 5 mm / 24h.

[0048] S400, the saturation calculation assembly 3 determines the real-time wind speed in the ventilation duct 2, and calculates the current soil saturation based on the real-time wind speed and the initial wind speed.

[0049] In this embodiment, the saturation calculation assembly 3 uses the wind speed measuring device 32 to measure the real-time wind speed in the ventilation pipe 2, and uses the saturation display table 31 to calculate the current soil saturation; the built-in program of the saturation display table 31 calculates the real-time soil saturation S using the following formula:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, v is the real-time wind speed; v0 is the wind speed in the initial state.

[0052] The gate opening and closing automatic controller 14, the wind speed measuring device 32, the fan and the rainfall monitoring module 5 are all equipped with automatic control programs. The rainfall monitoring module 5 triggers the fan to start running according to the above requirements. At the same time, the fan runs, the ventilation duct 2 is ventilated, and the gate opening and closing automatic controller 14 is triggered to control the gate 13 to close. At the same time, the wind speed measuring device 32 starts to run to measure the real-time wind speed in the ventilation duct 2.

[0053] The wind speed measuring device 32, the fan and the rainfall monitoring module 5 are operated in a periodic operation mechanism, for example, running for 1 minute at intervals of 10 minutes. The interval time and the operation time can be adaptively adjusted according to actual conditions to keep the device in an efficient operating state at all times and extend its service life.

[0054] S500, the sound and light warning module 6 calculates the predicted value of the soil saturation state after the reserved evacuation time t based on the current soil saturation state, the current rainfall intensity and the basic data; and compares the predicted value of the soil saturation state with several pre-set level values ​​to issue a corresponding level warning.

[0055] In this embodiment, the following formula is used to calculate the predicted value S of the soil saturation state after the reserved evacuation time t: t :

[0056]

[0057] Among them, q is the current rainfall intensity, t is the reserved evacuation time, i is the rainwater permeability of the soil, V 筒 is the volume of soil in the soil cylinder, e is the porosity of the soil in the initial state, v is the real-time wind speed, and v0 is the initial wind speed. The length of the reserved evacuation time can be set according to the complexity of the evacuation objects in the monitored area. If there are many evacuees, the time t is set longer, and vice versa, if there are few evacuees, the time t is set shorter.

[0058] Several level values ​​are used to issue corresponding level warnings, such as:

[0059] (1) A red alert is issued, indicating that the soil moisture content is extremely high;

[0060] (2) An orange alert is issued;

[0061] (3) A yellow warning is issued;

[0062] (4) A blue alert is issued;

[0063] Of course, the calculated current soil saturation and the soil saturation after duration t are both subject to the above-mentioned level warning; the above three level values ​​of 95%, 80% and 60% can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual application area.

[0064] The following two examples illustrate the specific application:

[0065] For example, when continuous drizzle (such as 5mm / 24h) is detected, the device starts to run and calculates that the current soil saturation is 59%, which is less than 60%, corresponding to a blue warning. However, it is calculated that the soil saturation will reach 62% after such continuous drizzle lasts for t, so the device will issue a yellow warning. In traditional warning methods, the rainfall intensity of 5mm / 24h at this time is far from reaching the threshold intensity of the device (such as 50mm / 12h), that is, there will be no warning.

[0066] For another example, when extreme rainfall (such as 100 mm / 1 h) is monitored, the device starts running and calculates that the current soil saturation is 40%, which is less than 60%, corresponding to a blue warning. However, it is calculated that the soil saturation will reach 90% after such extreme rainfall lasts for t. In this case, the device will issue an orange warning.

[0067] At the same time, as the rainfall intensity changes, the soil saturation after the prediction time t will also change accordingly, and the early warning will also change dynamically.

[0068] The present embodiment provides a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device and method that take soil saturation into consideration. Aiming at the characteristics of geological disasters caused by rapid saturation of loose soil in the shallow surface layer on the slope under extreme rainfall conditions and unstable downward flow and scraping, a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device and method that take soil saturation into consideration are proposed. The monitoring and early warning device can be triggered by rainfall, and a dynamic rainfall early warning threshold is calculated by monitoring the saturation and real-time moisture content of the soil within the depth range of the entire soil layer, while taking into account the permeability of the soil. This solves the problem of poor early warning effect caused by the use of fixed threshold early warning in traditional early warning methods, thereby achieving scientific and dynamic early warning of rainfall for geological disasters such as landslides and slope flows, and greatly improving the accuracy of geological disaster monitoring and early warning.

[0069] The monitoring device of this scheme overcomes the problem that traditional saturation sensors can only measure the soil saturation in a small range around the sensor. It cleverly applies the principle of the increase and decrease of the liquid phase and the gas phase in the solid, liquid and gas phases in the soil, and reflects the saturation of the soil within the entire soil layer depth range by measuring the wind speed; the rainfall warning method takes into account the rainwater infiltration characteristics of the soil, combines the current rainfall intensity and the current saturation state of the soil, predicts the saturation of the soil after continuous rainfall time t, and realizes real-time dynamic rainfall warning based on soil saturation. This method can realize the warning of disasters caused by continuous drizzle, and the warning of disasters caused by short-term extreme rainfall, avoiding the problem of high false alarm and missed alarm rate caused by traditional fixed threshold rainfall warning.

[0070] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. The common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field are aware of all the common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement the scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for the ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for the technicians in this field, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device considering soil saturation, characterized in that: It includes an electrically connected saturation monitoring front-end assembly, a saturation calculation assembly, a fan, a rainfall monitoring module, an audible and visual warning module and a power supply module, as well as ventilation pipes and poles; The saturation monitoring front-end assembly includes a soil cylinder; a wire mesh and a gate are installed inside the soil cylinder, wherein the gate is located below the wire mesh; the gate is connected to and controlled by a gate opening and closing automatic controller; the gate consists of two parts, left and right, and the two parts are spliced ​​together to form a circular hole; The air outlet end of the ventilation pipe is inserted into the soil cylinder through the round hole of the gate, and the other end is connected to the fan; the saturation calculation assembly is connected to the ventilation pipe and is located below the fan; an overflow port is opened on the pipe wall of the ventilation pipe between the fan and the saturation calculation assembly; The vertical pole is sleeved on the outside of the fan, the saturation calculation assembly and part of the ventilation pipe; the rainfall monitoring module, the sound and light warning module and the power supply module are installed on the vertical pole.

2. A dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device considering soil saturation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The saturation calculation assembly includes an electrically connected wind speed measuring device and a saturation display meter, wherein the wind speed measuring device is sleeved outside the ventilation duct and located inside the vertical pole, and the saturation display meter is located outside the vertical pole.

3. The dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device considering soil saturation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The soil loading cylinder is divided into two parts, the upper part has a smaller diameter than the lower part; the steel wire mesh is arranged at the junction of the upper part and the lower part.

4. The dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device considering soil saturation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ventilation pipe is in a U-shaped structure with different heights at both ends, and the air outlet end of the ventilation pipe is located between the gate and the wire mesh.

5. The dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device considering soil saturation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The installation positions of the rainfall monitoring module, the sound and light warning module and the power supply module on the vertical pole are higher than the installation position of the fan; the fan is a constant wind fan.

6. A dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning method considering soil saturation, characterized in that: Using a dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning device considering soil saturation as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the method comprises: S100, device installation, the saturation monitoring front-end assembly is buried in the soil, wherein the top surface of the soil cylinder is on the same plane as the ground; a part of the vertical pole under the saturation calculation assembly is buried underground; S200, in the initial state of the soil, the basic data of the soil in the soil cylinder are measured, including the volume of soil in the soil cylinder, porosity, initial wind speed and soil rainwater permeability; S300, the device is running. When the rainfall monitoring module detects rainfall, the fan is triggered to run. At the same time, the gate opening and closing automatic controller controls the gate to close, and the ventilation pipe starts to ventilate the soil barrel; S400, the saturation calculation assembly determines the real-time wind speed in the ventilation duct, and calculates the current soil saturation based on the real-time wind speed and the initial wind speed; S500, the sound and light warning module calculates the predicted value of the soil saturation state after the reserved evacuation time t in combination with the current soil saturation state, the current rainfall intensity and the basic data; and compares the predicted value of the soil saturation state with several pre-set level values ​​to issue a corresponding level warning.

7. A dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning method considering soil saturation according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S400, the current soil saturation S is calculated using the following formula: Among them, v is the real-time wind speed; v0 is the initial wind speed.

8. The dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning method considering soil saturation according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In S500, the soil saturation state prediction value S after the reserved evacuation time t is calculated using the following formula: t : Among them, q is the current rainfall intensity, t is the reserved evacuation time, i is the soil rainwater permeability, V 筒 is the volume of soil in the soil cylinder, e is the porosity of the soil in the initial state, v is the real-time wind speed, and v0 is the initial wind speed.

9. The dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning method considering soil saturation according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In S300, there is rainfall, and the rainfall intensity value is greater than the light rain intensity value.

10. The method for dynamic rainfall monitoring and early warning considering soil saturation according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S400, the saturation calculation assembly uses a wind speed measuring device to measure the real-time wind speed in the ventilation duct, and uses a saturation display table to calculate the current soil saturation; the wind speed measuring device, the fan and the rainfall monitoring module operate in a periodic operation mechanism.

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