Low-cost irrigation area water utilization efficiency measuring method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-cost irrigation area water utilization efficiency measuring method and system, and belongs to the technical field of water resource planning. The method comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring state information of each water delivery valve in an irrigation area, wherein the state information comprises opening degree information and corresponding door opening duration; s2, collecting growth data of crops in the irrigation area, and calculating actual water consumption based on the growth data; s3, measuring the water utilization efficiency of the irrigation area based on the actual water consumption and the state information to obtain efficiency data; and S4, predicting the future water consumption of the crops in the irrigated area, and adjusting the state information of the water delivery valve based on the predicted data. According to the invention, point cloud data of irrigated area valves and crops are collected, and then data analysis is carried out, so that low-cost and high-efficiency water utilization efficiency measurement can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of water resource planning, and in particular relates to a low-cost irrigation area water use efficiency measurement method and system. Background Art

[0002] As global water resources become increasingly scarce, agriculture, as a major water user, has become an important way to alleviate water resource pressure and ensure food security by improving its water use efficiency. As the main area of ​​agricultural water use, the water use efficiency of irrigation areas is directly related to the rational allocation and sustainable use of water resources. However, traditional irrigation areas often have problems such as backward technology, high cost, and inaccurate data in water monitoring, allocation, and scheduling, resulting in serious waste of water resources and low water use efficiency. Therefore, the development of a low-cost, high-efficiency irrigation area water use efficiency measurement method and system is of great significance for achieving precision irrigation and improving water resource utilization.

[0003] At present, the irrigation area water efficiency measurement technology mainly includes manual measurement, mechanical water meter, ultrasonic flow meter, radar water level meter and other methods. Among them, although manual measurement is low-cost, it has poor accuracy and low efficiency; although mechanical water meter is relatively popular, it has high maintenance cost and is easily affected by environmental factors; although modern sensor technologies such as ultrasonic flow meter and radar water level meter have high accuracy and high degree of automation, the initial investment is large, which is unbearable for small irrigation areas in economically underdeveloped areas. Therefore, exploring a measurement technology that is both economical and efficient has become a hot topic in current research. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to address the deficiencies of the prior art and proposes a low-cost irrigation area water use efficiency measurement method and system. By acquiring valve data and irrigation area point cloud data and analyzing and calculating them, no additional equipment modification is required in the irrigation area. The collected data is deeply mined to optimize irrigation strategies and improve water use efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: a low-cost irrigation area water efficiency measurement method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Obtaining status information of each water delivery valve in the irrigation area, wherein the status information includes: opening information and corresponding opening duration;

[0007] S2. Collecting growth data of crops in the irrigation area, and calculating actual water consumption based on the growth data;

[0008] S3, measuring the water use efficiency of the irrigation area based on the actual water consumption and the status information to obtain efficiency data;

[0009] S4. Predict the future water consumption of crops in the irrigation area, and adjust the status information of the water delivery valve based on the predicted data.

[0010] Further preferably, the method for calculating the actual water consumption in S2 includes:

[0011] E=K c *E 0 ,

[0012] Among them, E 0 =C 1 / λR a (T max -T min ) C ((T max +T min ) / 2+T off ),

[0013] In the formula, K c Represents the crop coefficient; E 0 represents reference crop evapotranspiration; LAI represents leaf area index; C 1 and C are the first coefficient and the second coefficient respectively; λ represents the latent heat of water vaporization; R a represents the solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere; T max and T min Respectively represent the daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature; T off Represents the third coefficient.

[0014] Further preferably, S3 comprises the following steps:

[0015] S31, constructing a simulation model, and performing parameter training on the simulation model to obtain a training model;

[0016] S32, predicting the leaf area index of crops in the irrigation area based on the training model to obtain a predicted value of the leaf area index;

[0017] S33, calculating a crop coefficient based on the leaf area index prediction value, and predicting the crop water consumption of the irrigation area based on the crop coefficient;

[0018] S34, optimizing parameters of the training model based on the predicted result of crop water consumption and the actual water consumption, evaluating the optimization result using simulation accuracy, and predicting the crop water consumption based on the optimized training model to obtain a prediction result;

[0019] S35. Calculate the efficiency data based on the prediction result and the status information.

[0020] Further preferably, the method for calculating the leaf area index prediction value includes:

[0021] Acquire three-dimensional point cloud data of crops in the irrigation area, and process the three-dimensional point cloud data to obtain point cloud data of crops in the irrigation area;

[0022] The effective leaf area index of the crops in the irrigation area is calculated based on the point cloud data of the crops in the irrigation area, and the leaf area index prediction value is obtained based on the effective leaf area index.

[0023] The present invention also provides a low-cost irrigation area water efficiency measurement system, comprising: a data acquisition module, a calculation module, a measurement module and a prediction module;

[0024] The data acquisition module is used to obtain the status information of each water delivery valve in the irrigation area and the growth data of crops in the irrigation area; the status information includes: opening information and corresponding door opening time;

[0025] The calculation module is used to calculate the actual water consumption based on the growth data;

[0026] The measurement module is used to measure the water use efficiency of the irrigation area based on the actual water consumption and the status information to obtain efficiency data;

[0027] The prediction module is used to predict the future water consumption of crops in the irrigation area and adjust the status information of the water delivery valve based on the prediction data.

[0028] Further preferably, the method for the calculation module to calculate the actual water consumption includes:

[0029] E=K c *E 0 ,

[0030] Among them, E 0 =C 1 / λR a (T max -T min ) C ((T max +T min ) / 2+T off ),

[0031] In the formula, K c Represents the crop coefficient; E 0 represents reference crop evapotranspiration; LAI represents leaf area index; C 1 and C are the first coefficient and the second coefficient respectively; λ represents the latent heat of water vaporization; R a represents the solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere; T max and T min Respectively represent the daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature; T off Represents the third coefficient.

[0032] Further preferably, the measurement module includes:

[0033] A model building unit is used to build a simulation model and perform parameter training on the simulation model to obtain a training model;

[0034] A model application unit, used to predict the leaf area index of crops in the irrigation area based on the training model to obtain a leaf area index prediction value;

[0035] A first calculation unit is used to calculate a crop coefficient based on the leaf area index prediction value, and predict the crop water consumption of the irrigation area based on the crop coefficient;

[0036] An optimization unit is used to optimize the parameters of the training model based on the predicted results of crop water consumption and the actual water consumption, evaluate the optimization results using simulation accuracy, and predict the crop water consumption based on the optimized training model to obtain the prediction results;

[0037] A second calculation unit is used to calculate the efficiency data based on the prediction result and the state information.

[0038] Further preferably, the method for the model application unit to calculate the leaf area index prediction value includes:

[0039] Acquire three-dimensional point cloud data of crops in the irrigation area, and process the three-dimensional point cloud data to obtain point cloud data of crops in the irrigation area;

[0040] The effective leaf area index of the crops in the irrigation area is calculated based on the point cloud data of the crops in the irrigation area, and the leaf area index prediction value is obtained based on the effective leaf area index.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] The present invention can realize low-cost and efficient water efficiency measurement by collecting irrigation area valves and crop point cloud data and then performing data analysis. The leaf area index is obtained by calculating the collected crop point cloud data, which is more convenient and labor-saving than the traditional direct measurement method of optical instruments, and can realize the estimation and prediction of crops in large irrigation areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0044] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process of measuring water efficiency of low-cost irrigation areas according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] Embodiment 1:

[0048] This embodiment provides a low-cost irrigation area water efficiency measurement method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0049] S1. Obtain status information of each water delivery valve in the irrigation area, the status information including: opening information and corresponding opening time.

[0050] S2. Collect growth data of crops in the irrigation area and calculate actual water consumption based on the growth data.

[0051] In this embodiment, the method for calculating the actual water consumption includes:

[0052] E=K c *E 0 ,

[0053] Among them, E 0 =C 1 / λR a (T max -T min ) C ((T max +T min ) / 2+T off ),

[0054] In the formula, K c Represents the crop coefficient; E 0 represents reference crop evapotranspiration; LAI represents leaf area index; C 1 and C are the first coefficient and the second coefficient respectively, and their values ​​are less than 1; λ represents the latent heat of water vaporization; R a represents the solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere; T max and T min Respectively represent the daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature; T off Represents the third coefficient.

[0055] S3. Measure the water use efficiency of the irrigation area based on the actual water consumption and status information to obtain efficiency data.

[0056] Specifically, S3 includes the following steps:

[0057] S31. Construct a simulation model, and perform parameter training on the simulation model to obtain a training model; wherein the training model includes two parts, one part is used to calculate the effective leaf area index of the irrigated crops based on the collected three-dimensional point cloud data; and the other part is used to calculate the clumping index.

[0058] S32, predicting the leaf area index of crops in the irrigation area based on the training model to obtain a predicted value of the leaf area index;

[0059] Furthermore, the calculation method of the leaf area index prediction value includes:

[0060] The three-dimensional point cloud data of the crops in the irrigation area is obtained, and the three-dimensional point cloud data is processed to obtain the point cloud data of the crops in the irrigation area; wherein the method for processing the three-dimensional point cloud data includes: performing three-dimensional reconstruction of the crops on the collected original three-dimensional point cloud data, specifically matching the three-dimensional point cloud with the same-name points and the spatial coordinate matching relationship through the motion recovery structure algorithm. At the same time, a digital hemispherical image of the crops is collected, and the crop canopy features of the digital hemispherical image are matched with the three-dimensionally reconstructed point cloud, thereby extracting the point cloud of a single crop. The point cloud of a single crop is subjected to noise reduction and rasterization processing to obtain the point cloud data of the crops in the irrigation area.

[0061] The effective leaf area index of crops in the irrigation area is calculated based on the point cloud data of crops in the irrigation area, and the leaf area index prediction value is obtained based on the effective leaf area index.

[0062] In this embodiment, the calculation method of the leaf area index prediction value includes:

[0063] LAI=L e / Ω e ,

[0064] Where, L e represents the effective leaf area index; Ω e Represents the clumping index.

[0065] The calculation method of effective leaf area index is:

[0066]

[0067] in,

[0068] In the formula, Q 1 and Q 0 They represent the solar radiation intensity below the crop canopy and above the crop canopy respectively; K represents the extinction coefficient; G(θ,α) represents the projection function; θ is the incident angle of sunlight, and α is the leaf inclination angle.

[0069] In this embodiment, the projection function is calculated based on the canopy characteristics of the crop, specifically:

[0070]

[0071] in,

[0072] In the formula, represents the average leaf inclination angle.

[0073] The calculation method of the clumping index includes:

[0074]

[0075] In the formula, represents the natural logarithm of the average porosity at each viewing angle; It represents the average value of the logarithm of porosity at each viewing angle.

[0076] S33. Calculate the crop coefficient based on the predicted value of the leaf area index, and predict the crop water consumption in the irrigation area based on the crop coefficient.

[0077] The calculation method of the crop coefficient includes:

[0078] K c =LAI*K s +K w ,

[0079] In the formula, K s With K w They represent water stress coefficient and water evaporation coefficient respectively.

[0080] S34. Optimize the parameters of the training model based on the predicted results of crop water consumption and the actual water consumption, evaluate the optimization results using simulation accuracy, and predict the crop water consumption based on the optimized training model to obtain the prediction results.

[0081] S35. Calculate efficiency data based on the prediction results and status information.

[0082] In this embodiment, the efficiency data is the percentage of the water delivery of the irrigation area to the water consumption of the crops, wherein the water delivery of the irrigation area is calculated by the valve opening and the valve opening time.

[0083] S4. Predict the future water consumption of crops in the irrigation area and adjust the status information of the water delivery valve based on the predicted data.

[0084] By calculating the future water consumption of crops, the water demand and deviation threshold of the irrigation area are set. By calculating the difference between the flow value flowing through the valve and the water demand, the valve opening is updated. The update methods include: Ki =K i0 +S, where S is the step length; K i0 is the opening degree in the previous state.

[0085] Embodiment 2:

[0086] The present invention also provides a low-cost irrigation area water efficiency measurement system, comprising: a data acquisition module, a calculation module, a measurement module and a prediction module;

[0087] The data acquisition module is used to obtain the status information of each water delivery valve in the irrigation area and the growth data of crops in the irrigation area; the status information includes: opening information and the corresponding opening time.

[0088] The calculation module is used to calculate the actual water consumption based on the growth data. In this embodiment, the method for the calculation module to calculate the actual water consumption includes:

[0089] E=K c *E 0 ,

[0090] Among them, E 0 =C 1 / λR a (T max -T min ) C ((T max +T min ) / 2+T off ),

[0091] In the formula, K c Represents the crop coefficient; E 0 represents reference crop evapotranspiration; LAI represents leaf area index; C 1 and C are the first coefficient and the second coefficient respectively, and their values ​​are less than 1; λ represents the latent heat of water vaporization; R a represents the solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere; T max and T min Respectively represent the daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature; T off Represents the third coefficient.

[0092] The measurement module is used to measure the water use efficiency of the irrigation area based on the actual water consumption and status information to obtain efficiency data.

[0093] Specifically, the measurement module includes:

[0094] The model building unit is used to build a simulation model and perform parameter training on the simulation model to obtain a training model. In this embodiment, the training model includes two parts, one part is used to calculate the effective leaf area index of the irrigated crops based on the collected three-dimensional point cloud data; and the other part is used to calculate the clumping index.

[0095] A model application unit is used to predict the leaf area index of crops in the irrigation area based on the training model to obtain a leaf area index prediction value;

[0096] The method for calculating the leaf area index prediction value by the model application unit includes:

[0097] The three-dimensional point cloud data of the crops in the irrigation area is obtained, and the three-dimensional point cloud data is processed to obtain the point cloud data of the crops in the irrigation area. The method for processing the three-dimensional point cloud data includes: performing three-dimensional reconstruction of the crops on the collected original three-dimensional point cloud data, specifically matching the three-dimensional point cloud with the same-name points and the spatial coordinate matching relationship through the motion recovery structure algorithm. At the same time, a digital hemispherical image of the crop is collected, and the crop canopy features of the digital hemispherical image are matched with the three-dimensionally reconstructed point cloud, and then the point cloud of the single crop is extracted. The point cloud of the single crop is subjected to noise reduction and rasterization processing to obtain the point cloud data of the crops in the irrigation area.

[0098] The effective leaf area index of crops in the irrigation area is calculated based on the point cloud data of crops in the irrigation area, and the leaf area index prediction value is obtained based on the effective leaf area index.

[0099] In this embodiment, the calculation method of the leaf area index prediction value includes:

[0100] LAI=L e / Ω e ,

[0101] Where, L e represents the effective leaf area index; Ω e Represents the clumping index.

[0102] The calculation method of effective leaf area index is:

[0103]

[0104] in,

[0105] In the formula, Q 1 and Q 0 They represent the solar radiation intensity below the crop canopy and above the crop canopy respectively; K represents the extinction coefficient; G(θ,α) represents the projection function; θ is the incident angle of sunlight, and α is the leaf inclination angle.

[0106] In this embodiment, the projection function is calculated based on the canopy characteristics of the crop, specifically:

[0107]

[0108] in,

[0109] In the formula, represents the average leaf inclination angle.

[0110] The calculation method of the clumping index includes:

[0111]

[0112] In the formula, represents the natural logarithm of the average porosity at each viewing angle; It represents the average value of the logarithm of porosity at each viewing angle.

[0113] The first calculation unit is used to calculate the crop coefficient based on the leaf area index prediction value, and predict the crop water consumption in the irrigation area based on the crop coefficient.

[0114] The calculation method of the crop coefficient includes:

[0115] K c =LAI*K s +K w ,

[0116] In the formula, K s With K w They represent water stress coefficient and water evaporation coefficient respectively.

[0117] An optimization unit is used to optimize the parameters of the training model based on the predicted results of crop water consumption and the actual water consumption, evaluate the optimization results using simulation accuracy, and predict the crop water consumption based on the optimized training model to obtain the prediction results;

[0118] The second calculation unit is used to calculate the efficiency data based on the prediction result and the state information. In this embodiment, the efficiency data is the percentage of the water delivery of the irrigation area to the water consumption of the crop. The water delivery of the irrigation area is calculated by the valve opening and the valve opening time.

[0119] The prediction module is used to predict the future water consumption of crops in the irrigation area and adjust the status information of the water delivery valve based on the prediction data.

[0120] By calculating the future water consumption of crops, the water demand and deviation threshold of the irrigation area are set. By calculating the difference between the flow value flowing through the valve and the water demand, the valve opening is updated. The update methods include: K i =K i0 +S, where S is the step length; K i0 is the opening degree in the previous state.

[0121] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-cost irrigation area water efficiency measurement method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Obtaining status information of each water delivery valve in the irrigation area, wherein the status information includes: opening information and corresponding opening duration; S2. Collecting growth data of crops in the irrigation area, and calculating actual water consumption based on the growth data; S3, measuring the water use efficiency of the irrigation area based on the actual water consumption and the status information to obtain efficiency data; S4. Predict the future water consumption of crops in the irrigation area, and adjust the status information of the water delivery valve based on the predicted data.

2. According to claim 1, a low-cost irrigation area water efficiency measurement method is characterized in that: The method for calculating actual water consumption in S2 includes: E=K c *E0, Where, E0 = C1 / λR a (T max -T min ) C ((T max +T min ) / 2+T off ), In the formula, K c represents crop coefficient; E0 represents reference crop evapotranspiration; LAI represents leaf area index; C1 and C represent the first coefficient and the second coefficient respectively; λ represents latent heat of water vaporization; R a represents the solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere; T max and T min Respectively represent the daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature; T off Represents the third coefficient.

3. According to claim 1, a low-cost irrigation area water efficiency measurement method is characterized in that: S3 includes the following steps: S31, constructing a simulation model, and performing parameter training on the simulation model to obtain a training model; S32, predicting the leaf area index of crops in the irrigation area based on the training model to obtain a predicted value of the leaf area index; S33, calculating a crop coefficient based on the leaf area index prediction value, and predicting the crop water consumption of the irrigation area based on the crop coefficient; S34, optimizing parameters of the training model based on the predicted result of crop water consumption and the actual water consumption, evaluating the optimization result using simulation accuracy, and predicting the crop water consumption based on the optimized training model to obtain a prediction result; S35. Calculate the efficiency data based on the prediction result and the status information.

4. A low-cost irrigation area water efficiency measurement method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation method of the leaf area index prediction value includes: Acquire three-dimensional point cloud data of crops in the irrigation area, and process the three-dimensional point cloud data to obtain point cloud data of crops in the irrigation area; The effective leaf area index of the crops in the irrigation area is calculated based on the point cloud data of the crops in the irrigation area, and the leaf area index prediction value is obtained based on the effective leaf area index.

5. A low-cost irrigation area water efficiency measurement system, the system is used to apply the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition module, calculation module, measurement module and prediction module; The data acquisition module is used to obtain the status information of each water delivery valve in the irrigation area and the growth data of crops in the irrigation area; the status information includes: opening information and corresponding door opening time; The calculation module is used to calculate the actual water consumption based on the growth data; The measurement module is used to measure the water use efficiency of the irrigation area based on the actual water consumption and the status information to obtain efficiency data; The prediction module is used to predict the future water consumption of crops in the irrigation area and adjust the status information of the water delivery valve based on the prediction data.

6. A low-cost irrigation area water efficiency measurement system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for the calculation module to calculate the actual water consumption includes: E=K c *E0, Where, E0 = C1 / λR a (T max -T min ) C ((T max +T min ) / 2+T off ), In the formula, K c represents crop coefficient; E0 represents reference crop evapotranspiration; LAI represents leaf area index; C1 and C represent the first coefficient and the second coefficient respectively; λ represents latent heat of water vaporization; R a represents the solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere; T max and T min Respectively represent the daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature; T off Represents the third coefficient.

7. A low-cost irrigation area water efficiency measurement system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The measurement module comprises: A model building unit is used to build a simulation model and perform parameter training on the simulation model to obtain a training model; A model application unit, used to predict the leaf area index of crops in the irrigation area based on the training model to obtain a leaf area index prediction value; A first calculation unit is used to calculate a crop coefficient based on the leaf area index prediction value, and predict the crop water consumption of the irrigation area based on the crop coefficient; An optimization unit is used to optimize the parameters of the training model based on the predicted results of crop water consumption and the actual water consumption, evaluate the optimization results using simulation accuracy, and predict the crop water consumption based on the optimized training model to obtain the prediction results; A second calculation unit is used to calculate the efficiency data based on the prediction result and the state information.

8. A low-cost irrigation area water efficiency measurement system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method for the model application unit to calculate the leaf area index prediction value includes: Acquire three-dimensional point cloud data of crops in the irrigation area, and process the three-dimensional point cloud data to obtain point cloud data of crops in the irrigation area; The effective leaf area index of the crops in the irrigation area is calculated based on the point cloud data of the crops in the irrigation area, and the leaf area index prediction value is obtained based on the effective leaf area index.

Images