Electronic grating quality inspection methods, systems, and media based on digital twins

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of quality inspection technology, and specifically discloses an electronic grating quality inspection method, system, and medium based on digital twins. The method includes: performing three-dimensional modeling on actual parts of standard form to obtain a digital twin model of the actual parts; partitioning the surface area of ​​the actual parts for quality inspection based on the digital twin model of the actual parts to obtain all appearance quality inspection areas of the actual parts; using a digital twin electronic grating group to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual parts to obtain shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual parts; obtaining quality inspection results of the actual parts based on the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of all quality inspection areas of the actual parts and the digital twin model; realizing accurate partition detection of the quality inspection object, and realizing intuitive visualization of the quality inspection results by using digital twins.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quality inspection technology, and in particular to an electronic grating quality inspection method, system, and medium based on digital twins. Background Art

[0002] Currently, with the continuous development of the manufacturing industry, the requirements for product quality are becoming increasingly stringent. Traditional quality inspection methods rely primarily on manual inspection and simple measuring tools, which suffer from low efficiency, poor accuracy, and strong subjectivity. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of quality inspection, electronic grating technology is gradually being applied to product quality inspection. Electronic gratings offer the advantages of high precision, high speed, and non-contact measurement, enabling rapid and accurate detection of parameters such as product size, shape, and surface defects. At the same time, digital twin technology, as an emerging technological means, enables real-time mapping and interaction between physical entities and digital models, providing a new solution for product design, manufacturing, and operation and maintenance. Combining digital twin technology with electronic grating quality inspection can achieve full lifecycle management of product quality, improving the intelligence level of quality inspection and decision-making support capabilities.

[0003] Since appearance quality inspection needs to cover the entire appearance area of ​​the product, it is difficult to design an electronic grating measurement system that can fully cover the entire appearance area of ​​the product and meet the quality inspection requirements of different local components. Traditional electronic grating quality inspection methods usually only use a single electronic grating device for inspection, which is difficult to fully and accurately reflect the quality status of the product. For example, for products with complex shapes, a single electronic grating may not be able to cover all inspection areas, resulting in quality problems in some appearance areas that cannot be detected. Most existing electronic grating quality inspection methods operate independently and have a low degree of integration with digital twin technology. This makes it impossible for quality inspection data to interact and update with the digital model of the product in real time, making it difficult to achieve full life cycle management of product quality. The lack of digital twin support also limits the data analysis and decision support capabilities in the quality inspection process, making it difficult to meet the needs of intelligent production.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention proposes an electronic grating quality inspection method, system, and medium based on digital twins. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an electronic grating quality inspection method, system, and medium based on digital twins, which are used to partition the surface area of ​​actual parts for quality inspection and use the digital twin electronic grating to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual parts, thereby realizing precise partitioning of quality inspection objects. Digital twin electronic grating detection can comprehensively and accurately detect the quality status of products, and integrate digital twin technology with quality inspection methods, so that quality inspection data and digital models of products can interact and update in a timely manner. Digital twins are used to realize intuitive visualization of quality inspection results, facilitate continuous management of product quality, and provide data support for data analysis and decision-making in the quality inspection process, thereby meeting the needs of intelligent production.

[0006] The present invention provides an electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin, comprising:

[0007] S1: Perform 3D modeling on actual parts with standard shapes to obtain digital twin models of actual parts;

[0008] S2: Based on the digital twin model of the actual part, the surface area of ​​the actual part is divided into quality inspection zones to obtain all the appearance quality inspection zones of the actual part, and the inspection standards for each appearance quality inspection zone of the actual part are set;

[0009] S3: Use the digital twin electronic grating group and the inspection standards of each appearance quality inspection area to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, and obtain the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part;

[0010] S4: Based on the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of all quality inspection areas of the actual part and the digital twin model, the quality inspection results of the actual part are obtained and output.

[0011] Preferably, in the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin, S2: based on the digital twin model of the actual part, the surface area of ​​the actual part is divided into quality inspection zones, all appearance quality inspection zones of the actual part are obtained, and the inspection standard for each appearance quality inspection zone of the actual part is set, including:

[0012] S201: Based on the quality inspection requirements of all surface areas of components in the surface area of ​​the actual part in the standard form, the surface area of ​​the actual part is divided to obtain the appearance coverage area for each quality inspection requirement;

[0013] S202: Determine standard surface morphology distribution data of the actual part based on the digital twin model of the actual part;

[0014] S203: Based on the standard surface morphology distribution data of the actual part, the appearance coverage area of ​​each quality inspection requirement is divided to obtain all appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part;

[0015] S204: Setting the inspection standard for each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part.

[0016] Preferably, the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twins, S202: determining the standard surface morphology distribution data of the actual part based on the digital twin model of the actual part, including:

[0017] Determine multiple inspection locations at preset intervals on the digital twin model of the actual part;

[0018] Based on the digital twin model of the actual part, the normal and tangent plane of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each inspection position are determined;

[0019] Determining a plurality of cutting angles at each detection position in a standard two-dimensional coordinate system on a cutting plane at each detection position at predetermined interval angles;

[0020] Calculating the curvature of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form based on all the cutting angles at each detection position to obtain the curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position;

[0021] The curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at all detection positions is regarded as the standard surface form distribution data of the actual part.

[0022] Preferably, the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twins calculates the curvature of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form based on all the cutting angles at each inspection position, and obtains the curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each inspection position, including:

[0023] Determine multiple planes passing through the normal of the corresponding detection position and intersecting the tangent plane in a standard two-dimensional coordinate system on the tangent plane for each cutting angle as all cutting planes corresponding to the detection position;

[0024] According to the principle of increasing cutting angle, all cutting planes at each detection position are sorted to obtain the cutting plane sequence at each detection position;

[0025] Determine the surface cutting line of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each testing position;

[0026] Determining the apparent curvature of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each testing position based on the surface cutting line of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each testing position;

[0027] Based on the cutting plane sequence at each detection position, the apparent curvatures of all the cutting planes at each detection position are sorted to obtain the apparent curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position.

[0028] Preferably, in the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twins, S203: based on the standard surface morphology distribution data of the actual part, the appearance coverage area of ​​each quality inspection requirement is divided to obtain all appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part, including:

[0029] Obtaining, from standard surface morphology distribution data of actual parts, a curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual parts with standard morphology at all detection positions;

[0030] Based on the curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position, a curvature change curve of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position is fitted;

[0031] Mark the apparent curvatures with the same order in the apparent curvature sequence of all detection positions on the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at the corresponding detection positions on the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form, and generate curvature distribution data of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each sectioning angle;

[0032] Based on the curvature change curve of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each inspection position and the curvature distribution data of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each cutting angle, the appearance coverage area for each quality inspection requirement is divided to obtain all the appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part.

[0033] Preferably, the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twins is based on the curvature change curve of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each inspection position and the curvature distribution data of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each section angle. The appearance coverage area of ​​each quality inspection requirement is divided to obtain all appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part, including:

[0034] Obtain the quality inspection area division model;

[0035] The curvature change curve of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each inspection position and the curvature distribution data of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each cutting angle are input into the quality inspection area division model to obtain all the appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part.

[0036] Preferably, S3: using the digital twin electronic grating group and the inspection standard of each appearance quality inspection area to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, and obtaining shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, including:

[0037] Use the digital twin electronic grating group and the inspection standards for each appearance quality inspection area to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, and obtain grating data as the shape and size measurement data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part;

[0038] The raster data is output as a line. At the same time, surface defect detection data is obtained by quantifying the change distance and change angle between two position points in the line generated by the raster data, wherein the surface defect detection data includes the judgment result of whether the appearance of the appearance quality inspection area is qualified.

[0039] Preferably, in the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin, S3: using the digital twin electronic grating group and the inspection standard of each appearance quality inspection area to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, and obtaining shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, including:

[0040] S301: Using the digital twin electronic grating group to obtain the interference image of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part;

[0041] S302: Based on the interference image of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, obtain shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part.

[0042] Preferably, in the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin, S4: based on the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of all quality inspection areas of the actual part and the digital twin model, the quality inspection results of the actual part are obtained, including:

[0043] S401: Compare the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part with the digital twin model to obtain the partition quality inspection results of the actual part;

[0044] S402: Project the partition quality inspection results of the actual parts to the digital twin model to obtain and output the quality inspection results of the actual parts.

[0045] The present invention provides an electronic grating quality inspection system based on digital twins, which is used to perform any of the above electronic grating quality inspection methods based on digital twins, including:

[0046] The digital twin module is used to perform 3D modeling of actual parts with standard shapes to obtain digital twin models of the actual parts;

[0047] The quality inspection zoning module is used to perform quality inspection zoning on the surface area of ​​the actual part based on the digital twin model of the actual part, obtain all the appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part, and set the inspection standards for each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part;

[0048] The grating detection module is used to detect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part using the digital twin electronic grating group and the detection standard of each appearance quality inspection area, and obtain the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part;

[0049] The twin projection module is used to obtain and output the quality inspection results of the actual parts based on the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of all quality inspection areas of the actual parts and the digital twin model.

[0050] The present invention provides a computer-readable medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-mentioned electronic grating quality inspection methods based on digital twins.

[0051] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by zoning the surface area of ​​the actual part for quality inspection and using the digital twin electronic grating to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, the precise zoning of the quality inspection object is realized. The digital twin electronic grating detection can comprehensively and accurately detect the quality status of the product, and integrate the digital twin technology with the quality inspection method, so that the quality inspection data and the digital model of the product can interact and update in time, and the digital twin is used to realize the intuitive visualization of the quality inspection results, which facilitates the continuous management of product quality and provides data support for data analysis and decision-making in the quality inspection process, thereby meeting the needs of intelligent production.

[0052] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be achieved and obtained through the structures specifically pointed out in this application document.

[0053] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0055] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a specific execution method of step S2 in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of outputting raster data as lines in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a changing distance and a changing angle between two position points in a line generated from raster data in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal functional submodules of the digital twin-based electronic grating quality inspection system in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0061] Example 1:

[0062] The present invention provides an electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin, referring to Figure 1 ,include:

[0063] S1: Perform 3D modeling on actual parts with standard shapes to obtain digital twin models of actual parts;

[0064] S2: Based on the digital twin model of the actual part, the surface area of ​​the actual part is divided into quality inspection zones to obtain all the appearance quality inspection zones of the actual part, and the inspection standards for each appearance quality inspection zone of the actual part are set;

[0065] S3: Use the digital twin electronic grating group and the inspection standards of each appearance quality inspection area to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, and obtain the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part;

[0066] S4: Based on the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of all quality inspection areas of the actual part and the digital twin model, the quality inspection results of the actual part are obtained and output.

[0067] In this embodiment, the standard form represents a state where the actual part has no appearance quality issues.

[0068] In this embodiment, the actual part represents a part object that needs to be inspected using an electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twins, such as a car hood.

[0069] In this embodiment, the digital twin model of the actual part is a virtual mapping of the actual part of the standard form in the data space, and is mainly used to reflect the shape, size, surface morphology and other characteristics of the actual part of the standard form.

[0070] In this embodiment, the surface area of ​​the actual part includes a complete appearance area of ​​the actual part that needs to be inspected.

[0071] In this embodiment, all appearance inspection areas of the actual part are divided by the surface area of ​​the actual part.

[0072] In this embodiment, the digital twin electronic grating group is an electronic grating array formed by combining multiple electronic gratings in a digital electronic grating measurement system.

[0073] The functional modules required to realize the digital electronic grating measurement system are as follows:

[0074] Data import function module: import original design CAD data model, support IGS, STP and other formats; scan mesh data import, support STL format import;

[0075] Grid data optimization processing module: grid segmentation, grid smoothing, grid optimization;

[0076] Grid alignment processing module: The scanned grid is automatically fitted to the existing CAD product digital model for best fit alignment;

[0077] Scan mesh and automatically generate surface module: convert mesh data into irregular surface with one click;

[0078] Hexahedron-based grating density setting module: According to the detection needs (i.e. the final value range of all types of electronic grating parameters in each surface partition), the direction and density of grating generation can be set in six directions: up and down, left and right, and front and back;

[0079] Grating library setting and management module: The grating library creates corresponding grating files according to different refraction directions and grating densities;

[0080] Standard detection viewing angle setting module: You can select orthogonal or perspective viewing angle and set the height, angle and distance of the display viewing angle, and store the set parameters as the corresponding detection template (i.e. detection standard). Multiple detection templates can be saved at the same time;

[0081] Overall inspection module: Automatically generates inspection views based on the parameters set by the standard inspection view angle. The generated inspection views can be manually viewed one by one.

[0082] Specific point detection module: produces single-point detection views by specifying a specific position of the part;

[0083] Coordinate conversion module: set the body coordinates and stamping coordinates, and switch quickly;

[0084] Detection record module: During the automatic or manual detection process, the current detection view can be saved. During automatic detection, the detection record is automatically generated. During manual detection, the record can be saved manually and named.

[0085] Automatic test report generation module: Generate the final test result report with one click based on the test records, which can be saved as PPT or table output.

[0086] In this embodiment, the shape and size measurement data includes shape description information (e.g., circular, square, etc.) and specific dimension values ​​(e.g., length, width, height, diameter, etc.) for each appearance inspection area of ​​an actual part. For example, for an appearance inspection area of ​​a mechanical part, the shape and size measurement data may include that its outer contour is circular, with a diameter of 5 cm and a thickness of 1 cm.

[0087] In this embodiment, the surface defect detection data is related to information about flaws, breakages, scratches, and unevenness on the surface of each appearance inspection area of ​​an actual part.

[0088] In this embodiment, the quality inspection results of the actual part include dimensional deviations, shape deviations, and appearance defects within the complete appearance area of ​​the actual part. For example, if a scratch 2 cm long and 0.1 mm wide, or a dent 0.5 cm in diameter, is detected on the surface of a certain appearance inspection area, these are all surface defect detection data.

[0089] The beneficial effects of the above technology are: by zoning the surface area of ​​the actual parts for quality inspection and using electronic grating to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual parts, accurate zoning electronic grating inspection of the quality inspection objects can be achieved, which can comprehensively and accurately detect the quality status of the product, and integrate digital twin technology with quality inspection methods, so that the quality inspection data and the digital model of the product can interact and update in a timely manner, and use digital twins to realize intuitive visualization of the quality inspection results, facilitate continuous management of product quality, and provide data support for data analysis and decision-making in the quality inspection process, thereby meeting the needs of intelligent production.

[0090] Example 2:

[0091] On the basis of Example 1, the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin, S2: based on the digital twin model of the actual part, the surface area of ​​the actual part is divided into quality inspection zones, all the appearance quality inspection zones of the actual part are obtained, and the inspection standard of each appearance quality inspection zone of the actual part is set, referring to Figure 2 ,include:

[0092] S201: Based on the quality inspection requirements of all surface areas of components in the surface area of ​​the actual part in the standard form, the surface area of ​​the actual part is divided to obtain the appearance coverage area for each quality inspection requirement;

[0093] S202: Determine standard surface morphology distribution data of the actual part based on the digital twin model of the actual part;

[0094] S203: Based on the standard surface morphology distribution data of the actual part, the appearance coverage area of ​​each quality inspection requirement is divided to obtain all appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part;

[0095] S204: Setting the inspection standard for each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part.

[0096] In this embodiment, the "all component surface area" refers to the surface range belonging to different components within the actual part surface. For example, for a car, the "all component surface area" includes the exterior surfaces of the car body, such as the doors, hood, trunk lid, roof, front and rear bumpers, etc.; the window glass surface; the wheel hub surface; the exterior surfaces of the lights, including the headlights, taillights, and turn signals; the surface of the rearview mirror; and the surface of the air intake grille.

[0097] In this embodiment, the quality inspection requirements are specific requirements and expectations for the quality inspection of actual parts. For example, for the above-mentioned car, the quality inspection requirements may include the shell being free of scratches and dents, and the parts fitting tightly.

[0098] In this embodiment, the appearance coverage area of ​​each quality inspection requirement is a specific range on the actual part surface that needs to be inspected according to the different quality inspection requirements. For example, the appearance coverage area of ​​the quality inspection requirement of no scratches on the computer shell is the entire surface of the computer shell.

[0099] In this embodiment, the standard surface morphology distribution data of an actual part refers to detailed data describing the surface shape, features, and layout of the actual part under standard conditions. Using a computer as an example, this may include the shape, size, position, and distribution of each component on the entire surface.

[0100] The beneficial effects of the above technology are as follows: Step S201 can divide the actual part surface area according to the quality inspection requirements to meet the specific quality inspection requirements of different components. Step S202 determines the standard surface morphology distribution data through the digital twin model, providing an accurate reference for the subsequent quality inspection area division. Step S203 further subdivides the appearance coverage area based on the standard data to obtain more accurate all appearance quality inspection areas, thereby improving the pertinence and accuracy of quality inspection. The overall solution helps to conduct comprehensive, detailed and targeted quality inspections on actual parts, improving the quality and efficiency of quality inspections. It can better adapt to diverse quality inspection needs, reduce quality inspection errors, and ensure product quality.

[0101] Example 3:

[0102] Based on Example 2, the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twins, S202: determining the standard surface morphology distribution data of the actual part based on the digital twin model of the actual part, including:

[0103] Determine multiple inspection locations at preset intervals on the digital twin model of the actual part;

[0104] Based on the digital twin model of the actual part, the normal and tangent plane of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each inspection position are determined;

[0105] Determining a plurality of cutting angles at each detection position in a standard two-dimensional coordinate system on a cutting plane at each detection position at predetermined interval angles;

[0106] Calculating the curvature of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form based on all the cutting angles at each detection position to obtain the curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position;

[0107] The curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at all detection positions is regarded as the standard surface form distribution data of the actual part.

[0108] In this embodiment, multiple inspection locations are determined at preset intervals on the digital twin model of the actual part. Specifically, multiple specific points on the digital twin model of the actual part are selected for inspection and analysis based on a predetermined distance or rule. For example, for a digital twin model of a car, inspection locations might be determined every 10 centimeters.

[0109] In this embodiment, the tangent plane is a plane tangent to the actual part surface at a certain point. A standard two-dimensional coordinate system established on this tangent plane typically uses this point as its origin and two mutually perpendicular axes as its coordinate axes, and is used to accurately describe and measure relevant data on this plane. That is, the origin of all standard two-dimensional coordinate systems for the tangent planes is the detection position, the horizontal coordinates of these standard two-dimensional coordinate systems are consistent with the horizontal coordinate direction in the world coordinate system, and the vertical coordinates of these standard two-dimensional coordinate systems are the direction of the horizontal coordinate rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise on the tangent plane.

[0110] In this embodiment, determining multiple cutting angles of each detection position in a standard two-dimensional coordinate system on the tangent plane of each detection position at a preset interval angle means that in the two-dimensional coordinate system on the tangent plane corresponding to each detection position, multiple angles for cutting and analyzing the appearance surface of the actual part are determined according to a pre-set angle interval (for example, every 30 degrees). In this way, the characteristics of the appearance surface can be evaluated and calculated from different angles. For example, the multiple cutting angles of each detection position are 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 150 degrees, 180 degrees, 210 degrees, 240 degrees, 270 degrees, 300 degrees, 330 degrees, and 360 degrees in the standard two-dimensional coordinate system on the tangent plane of each detection position.

[0111] The beneficial effects of the above technology are as follows: Determining inspection locations at preset intervals achieves comprehensive inspection coverage of actual parts, preventing omissions. Determining the normal and tangent plane at each inspection location provides an accurate geometric basis for subsequent section angle and curvature calculations. Determining section angles at preset intervals ensures multi-angle and comprehensive curvature calculations. The curvature calculation generates a sequence of apparent curvatures, which accurately describes the geometric morphological characteristics of the actual part's exterior surface. The resulting standard surface morphology distribution data provides a reliable, detailed, and accurate standard basis for subsequent quality inspection zoning and quality assessment.

[0112] Example 4:

[0113] On the basis of Example 3, the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin is used to calculate the curvature of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form based on all the cutting angles at each inspection position, and obtain the curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each inspection position, including:

[0114] Determine multiple planes passing through the normal of the corresponding detection position and intersecting the tangent plane in a standard two-dimensional coordinate system on the tangent plane for each cutting angle as all cutting planes corresponding to the detection position;

[0115] According to the principle of increasing cutting angle, all cutting planes at each detection position are sorted to obtain the cutting plane sequence at each detection position;

[0116] Determine the surface cutting line of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each testing position;

[0117] Determining the apparent curvature of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each testing position based on the surface cutting line of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each testing position;

[0118] Based on the cutting plane sequence at each detection position, the apparent curvatures of all the cutting planes at each detection position are sorted to obtain the apparent curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position.

[0119] In this embodiment, the surface cutting line of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position refers to the line formed by the intersection of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form and each cutting plane at each detection position.

[0120] In this embodiment, based on the surface cutting line of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of standard form at each detection position, the apparent curvature of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of standard form at each detection position is determined, that is, the curvature value of the surface cutting line of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of standard form at each detection position at the point corresponding to the detection position is calculated using the existing curvature calculation formula, and used as the apparent curvature of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of standard form at each detection position.

[0121] The benefits of these technologies include: determining cutting planes provides multiple angles and dimensions for accurately analyzing the surface morphology of actual parts. Sorting these cutting planes facilitates orderly and systematic subsequent curvature calculation and analysis. Determining surface cutting lines accurately captures the morphological characteristics of the surface at different cutting planes. Determining apparent curvature based on surface cutting lines provides a quantitative description of the degree of curvature of the surface. Obtaining a sequence of apparent curvatures provides detailed data support for a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the actual part's surface morphology, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of quality inspection.

[0122] Example 5:

[0123] Based on Example 2, the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twins, S203: Based on the standard surface morphology distribution data of the actual part, the appearance coverage area of ​​each quality inspection requirement is divided to obtain all appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part, including:

[0124] Obtaining, from standard surface morphology distribution data of actual parts, a curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual parts with standard morphology at all detection positions;

[0125] Based on the curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position, a curvature change curve of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position is fitted;

[0126] Mark the apparent curvatures with the same order in the apparent curvature sequence of all detection positions on the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at the corresponding detection positions on the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form, and generate curvature distribution data of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each sectioning angle;

[0127] Based on the curvature change curve of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each inspection position and the curvature distribution data of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each cutting angle, the appearance coverage area for each quality inspection requirement is divided to obtain all the appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part.

[0128] In this embodiment, a curvature variation curve of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position is fitted based on the curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position, namely:

[0129] By using mathematical fitting methods, such as polynomial fitting, spline fitting, etc., all the apparent curvatures of the appearance surface of the actual part of standard form in the apparent curvature sequence at each detection position are sorted in order and fitted into a curve, that is, the curvature change curve of the appearance surface of the actual part of standard form at each detection position is obtained.

[0130] In this embodiment, the curvature distribution data of each cutting angle includes all apparent curvatures with the same sorting order in the apparent curvature sequence of all detection positions on the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form.

[0131] The beneficial effects of the above technology include: acquiring a curvature sequence and fitting a curvature variation curve, which can intuitively display the curvature variation patterns of the actual part surface. Generating curvature distribution data provides a more detailed and accurate basis for the division of quality inspection areas. Delineating the appearance coverage area based on the curvature variation curve and curvature distribution data improves the scientific and accurate nature of the quality inspection area division. This allows for more effective and accurate demarcation of targeted quality inspection areas based on different quality inspection requirements. This helps improve the efficiency and quality of quality inspections and reduces the likelihood of misjudgments and missed inspections.

[0132] Example 6:

[0133] On the basis of Example 5, the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twins is used. Based on the curvature change curve of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each inspection position and the curvature distribution data of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each section angle, the appearance coverage area for each quality inspection requirement is divided to obtain all appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part, including:

[0134] Obtain the quality inspection area division model;

[0135] The curvature change curve of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each inspection position and the curvature distribution data of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each cutting angle are input into the quality inspection area division model to obtain all the appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part.

[0136] In this embodiment, the quality inspection area division model is obtained through certain channels and methods to process and analyze relevant data of actual parts (such as curvature change curves, curvature distribution data, etc.), thereby dividing the quality inspection area into a model.

[0137] In this embodiment, obtaining a quality inspection area division model includes:

[0138] Data collection: Collect a large amount of relevant data on actual parts, including the curvature change curves of their appearance surfaces at different positions, the curvature distribution data at different section angles, and the corresponding known quality inspection area division results (which can be manually determined using the above information);

[0139] Data preprocessing: Clean, preprocess, and label the collected data. For example, normalize the data, remove noise, and mark the correct quality inspection areas.

[0140] Selecting a model architecture: Based on the data characteristics and task requirements, choose an appropriate machine learning or deep learning model architecture, such as a convolutional neural network (CNN) or recurrent neural network (RNN), or use traditional machine learning algorithms such as decision trees or support vector machines.

[0141] Define the loss function: Determine a loss function that can measure the difference between the model prediction results and the actual quality inspection area division, such as mean square error, cross entropy, etc.

[0142] Training the model: Use the preprocessed data to train the model. Continuously adjust the model parameters through optimization algorithms (such as stochastic gradient descent) to minimize the loss function.

[0143] Model evaluation: Use the reserved test set data to evaluate the trained model and measure the model performance through indicators such as accuracy, recall, and F1 value;

[0144] Hyperparameter tuning: If the model performance is not ideal, optimize the model by experimenting with different hyperparameters (such as learning rate, number of layers, number of nodes, etc.);

[0145] Model fusion and integration: You can consider using multiple models for fusion or integration to improve the final segmentation effect;

[0146] Final Deployment: The trained, high-performing model is deployed to the actual quality inspection system for practical application in quality inspection area segmentation. During the training process, each step is continuously adjusted and optimized to obtain a model that can accurately and efficiently segment actual parts for quality inspection.

[0147] The beneficial effects of the above technology include: obtaining a quality inspection area demarcation model, providing a tool for automated and intelligent quality inspection area demarcation. Inputting curvature change curves and curvature distribution data fully utilizes precise morphological feature information to improve demarcation accuracy. Using the model for demarcation avoids the subjectivity and errors of manual demarcation, enhancing the reliability of the results. Quality inspection areas can be quickly and efficiently obtained, improving the efficiency and speed of quality inspection work. This helps to standardize and regularize quality inspection area demarcation, ensuring consistency in quality inspection across batches.

[0148] Example 7:

[0149] Based on Example 1, S3: Detect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part using the digital twin electronic grating group and the inspection standard of each appearance quality inspection area to obtain shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, including:

[0150] Use the digital twin electronic grating group and the inspection standards for each appearance quality inspection area to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, and obtain grating data as the shape and size measurement data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part;

[0151] And export raster data as lines (refer to Figure 3 ), and at the same time, by quantifying the specific detection value or the change distance and change angle between two position points in the line generated by raster data (reference Figure 4 ), obtain surface defect detection data, wherein the surface defect detection data includes a judgment result of whether the appearance of the appearance quality inspection area is qualified.

[0152] In this embodiment, raster data is output as lines: When inspecting a part's appearance, raster measurement techniques may be used. Raster measurement typically generates a dataset containing information about the part's surface shape. "Extracting" these data results as lines means extracting lines representing the part's surface contours or features from the raster measurement data. These lines can be contour lines, curvature lines, or other lines that reflect the part's geometry.

[0153] In this embodiment, quantified, specific detection values ​​refer to obtaining specific, numerically representable measurement values ​​from the grating measurement data. These values ​​may include coordinates of points on the part surface, radius of curvature, height difference, and so on. By quantifying these values, the appearance characteristics of the part can be more accurately described.

[0154] In this embodiment, surface defect detection data is obtained by using the changing distance and changing angle between two position points in a line generated by grating data: by measuring the changing distance (for example, the difference between the straight-line distance or the distance along the surface between two position points in a line generated by grating data and the straight-line distance or the distance along the surface between the two position points under the standard appearance) and angle (for example, the difference between the angle between two lines generated by grating data or the angle between surface normals and the angle between the two lines under the standard appearance or the angle between surface normals), the flatness, symmetry and other geometric characteristics of the part surface can be evaluated.

[0155] In this embodiment, the appearance of the part is evaluated to determine whether it meets the design requirements or quality standards by combining the above measurement results, including the extracted lines, quantified values, and measured distances and angles. If these measurements are within the specified tolerance range, the part's appearance is qualified; otherwise, the part may need to be adjusted or reprocessed. In the image, the colored lines may represent lines extracted from the raster measurement data, while the marked points may be data points used to measure distances and angles. These visual elements can assist in the above-mentioned inspection and evaluation process.

[0156] The benefits of these technologies include: Using digital twin electronic grating systems and inspection standards for inspection enables precise shape and dimensional measurement data to be obtained, providing an accurate basis for evaluating part specifications. Outputting grating data as lines facilitates intuitive visualization and analysis of shape and dimensional changes. By quantifying inspection values ​​or analyzing the distance and angle changes at points along a line, surface defects can be effectively detected. Appearance compliance is determined, providing clear and unambiguous quality inspection results and facilitating rapid decision-making. This improves the accuracy and efficiency of part appearance inspections, ensuring the reliability of part quality.

[0157] Example 8:

[0158] Based on Example 1, the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twins, S3: using the digital twin electronic grating group and the inspection standard of each appearance quality inspection area to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, and obtaining shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, including:

[0159] S301: Obtain an interference image of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​an actual part using an electronic grating group and a detection standard for each appearance quality inspection area;

[0160] S302: Based on the interference image of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, obtain shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part.

[0161] In this embodiment, an electronic grating system is used to obtain an interference image of each appearance inspection area of ​​an actual part. Using this device or system, each appearance inspection area of ​​the actual part is inspected, thereby obtaining an interference image reflecting the characteristics of these areas. For example, the electronic grating system emits light toward a specific appearance inspection area of ​​the actual part. The interaction between the light and the area produces interference. By receiving and processing this interference information, a corresponding interference image is formed.

[0162] In this embodiment, shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data for each appearance inspection area of ​​the actual part are obtained based on the interference image of each appearance inspection area. This means that the interference image of each appearance inspection area is analyzed and processed. For example, image processing algorithms and related calculation methods are used to extract information that can characterize the shape and size of the appearance inspection area from the interference image, thereby obtaining shape and size measurement data. Simultaneously, by comparing the image features of the normal state, abnormal portions in the image are identified, and the presence of surface defects is detected, thereby obtaining surface defect detection data.

[0163] The beneficial effects of the above technology are as follows: In step S301, the electronic grating group is used to obtain interference images, which can obtain information about the quality inspection area in a non-contact manner, avoiding damage to the actual part. Comprehensive image information of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part can be obtained, improving the coverage of the inspection. Step S302 obtains shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data based on the interference image, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data acquisition. This method can quickly and efficiently obtain relevant data on shape, size and surface defects at the same time, improving quality inspection efficiency. It provides rich and accurate data support for subsequent quality inspection result analysis and quality judgment.

[0164] Example 9:

[0165] Based on Example 1, the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin, S4: Based on the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of all quality inspection areas of the actual part and the digital twin model, obtain the quality inspection results of the actual part, including:

[0166] S401: Compare the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part with the digital twin model to obtain the partition quality inspection results of the actual part;

[0167] S402: Project the partition quality inspection results of the actual parts to the digital twin model to obtain and output the quality inspection results of the actual parts.

[0168] In this embodiment, the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part are compared with the digital twin model for partitioning, and the partitioned quality inspection results of the actual part are obtained. This means that the shape and size data and surface defect data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part obtained by actual inspection are divided into different areas and compared with the standard data pre-set in the digital twin model. Through this comparison, the quality inspection status of each partition is obtained, such as whether the size of a certain partition meets the standard, whether there are defects, and the degree of defects. These are the partitioned quality inspection results. For example, for an automobile part, the inspection data of its different parts (such as the top, side, bottom, etc.) are compared with the standard data of the corresponding parts in the digital twin model to obtain the quality inspection conclusion of each part.

[0169] In this embodiment, the actual part's partitioned quality inspection results are projected onto the digital twin model. Obtaining the actual part's quality inspection results means mapping or displaying the previously obtained quality inspection results for each partition on the digital twin model. This allows for intuitive visualization of the quality inspection status of the entire actual part in different areas, thereby comprehensively deriving a comprehensive quality inspection result for the entire inspection object. For example, specific information on qualified, unqualified, or defective items can be marked at the corresponding partition locations in the digital twin model, clearly displaying the quality inspection status of the entire part.

[0170] The beneficial effects of the above technology are as follows: Step S401 can accurately evaluate the quality status of each appearance quality inspection area and improve the accuracy of quality inspection by comparing the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data with the digital twin model in a partitioned manner. It helps to promptly discover quality problems in local areas and make targeted improvements and adjustments. Step S402 projects the partitioned quality inspection results onto the digital twin model, which can display the overall quality inspection results in an intuitive way, facilitating a comprehensive and clear understanding of the quality of actual parts. The integration based on the digital twin model is conducive to the unified management and analysis of quality inspection data, providing strong support for quality control and optimization. The overall solution improves the efficiency and effectiveness of quality inspection and ensures the quality reliability of actual parts.

[0171] Example 10:

[0172] The present invention provides an electronic grating quality inspection system based on digital twin, which is used to execute the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin described in any one of embodiments 1 to 8, with reference to Figure 5 ,include:

[0173] The digital twin module is used to perform 3D modeling of actual parts with standard shapes to obtain digital twin models of the actual parts;

[0174] The quality inspection zoning module is used to perform quality inspection zoning on the surface area of ​​the actual part based on the digital twin model of the actual part, obtain all the appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part, and set the inspection standards for each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part;

[0175] The grating detection module is used to detect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part using the digital twin electronic grating group and the detection standard of each appearance quality inspection area, and obtain the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part;

[0176] The twin projection module is used to obtain and output the quality inspection results of the actual parts based on the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of all quality inspection areas of the actual parts and the digital twin model.

[0177] The beneficial effects of the above technology are: by zoning the surface area of ​​the actual parts for quality inspection and using electronic grating to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual parts, accurate zoning electronic grating inspection of the quality inspection objects can be achieved, which can comprehensively and accurately detect the quality status of the product, and integrate digital twin technology with quality inspection methods, so that the quality inspection data and the digital model of the product can interact and update in a timely manner, and use digital twins to achieve intuitive visualization of the quality inspection results, facilitate continuous management of product quality, and provide data support for data analysis and decision-making in the quality inspection process, thereby meeting the needs of intelligent production.

[0178] Example 11:

[0179] The present invention provides a computer-readable medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twins as described in any one of Examples 1 to 8.

[0180] The benefits of the above technology include: providing a convenient storage and dissemination method, facilitating the preservation and sharing of related computer programs. This enables wider application and promotion of the digital twin-based electronic grating quality inspection method. It provides a unified execution standard for different devices and systems, ensuring consistent implementation of the method. It facilitates program updates and maintenance, improving the adaptability and sustainability of the method. It also lowers the barrier to application for the method, enabling more users to access the computer-readable medium and utilize it.

[0181] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. The electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin is characterized by: include: S1: Perform 3D modeling on actual parts with standard shapes to obtain digital twin models of actual parts; S2: Based on the digital twin model of the actual part, the surface area of ​​the actual part is divided into quality inspection zones to obtain all the appearance quality inspection zones of the actual part, and the inspection standards for each appearance quality inspection zone of the actual part are set; S3: Use the digital twin electronic grating group and the inspection standards of each appearance quality inspection area to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, and obtain the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part; S4: Based on the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of all quality inspection areas of the actual part and the digital twin model, the quality inspection results of the actual part are obtained and output.

2. The electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: S2: Based on the digital twin model of the actual part, the surface area of ​​the actual part is divided into quality inspection zones to obtain all the appearance quality inspection zones of the actual part. The inspection standards for each appearance quality inspection zone of the actual part are set, including: S201: Based on the quality inspection requirements of all surface areas of components in the surface area of ​​the actual part in the standard form, the surface area of ​​the actual part is divided to obtain the appearance coverage area for each quality inspection requirement; S202: Determine standard surface morphology distribution data of the actual part based on the digital twin model of the actual part; S203: Based on the standard surface morphology distribution data of the actual part, the appearance coverage area of ​​each quality inspection requirement is divided to obtain all appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part; S204: Setting the inspection standard for each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part.

3. The electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin according to claim 2 is characterized in that: S202: Determine the standard surface morphology distribution data of the actual part based on the digital twin model of the actual part, including: Determine multiple inspection locations at preset intervals on the digital twin model of the actual part; Based on the digital twin model of the actual part, the normal and tangent plane of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each inspection position are determined; Determining a plurality of cutting angles at each detection position in a standard two-dimensional coordinate system on a cutting plane at each detection position at predetermined interval angles; Calculating the curvature of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form based on all the cutting angles at each detection position to obtain the curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position; The curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at all detection positions is regarded as the standard surface form distribution data of the actual part.

4. The electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The curvature of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form is calculated based on all the cutting angles at each detection position, and the curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position is obtained, including: Determine a plurality of planes at each cutting angle represented by a normal line passing through the corresponding detection position and intersecting the cutting plane in a standard two-dimensional coordinate system on the cutting plane, as all cutting planes corresponding to the detection position; According to the principle of increasing cutting angle, all cutting planes at each detection position are sorted to obtain the cutting plane sequence at each detection position; Determine the surface cutting line of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each testing position; Determining the apparent curvature of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each testing position based on the surface cutting line of each cutting plane of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each testing position; Based on the cutting plane sequence at each detection position, the apparent curvatures of all the cutting planes at each detection position are sorted to obtain the apparent curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position.

5. The electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin according to claim 3 is characterized in that: S203: Based on the standard surface morphology distribution data of the actual part, the appearance coverage area of ​​each quality inspection requirement is divided to obtain all appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part, including: Obtaining, from standard surface morphology distribution data of actual parts, a curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual parts with standard morphology at all detection positions; Based on the curvature sequence of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position, a curvature change curve of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each detection position is fitted; Mark the apparent curvatures with the same order in the apparent curvature sequence of all detection positions on the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at the corresponding detection positions on the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form, and generate curvature distribution data of the appearance surface of the actual part of the standard form at each sectioning angle; Based on the curvature change curve of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each inspection position and the curvature distribution data of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each cutting angle, the appearance coverage area for each quality inspection requirement is divided to obtain all the appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part.

6. The electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Based on the curvature change curve of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each inspection position and the curvature distribution data of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each section angle, the appearance coverage area for each quality inspection requirement is divided to obtain all the appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part, including: Obtain the quality inspection area division model; The curvature change curve of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each inspection position and the curvature distribution data of the appearance surface of the actual part with standard form at each cutting angle are input into the quality inspection area division model to obtain all the appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part.

7. The electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: S3: Use the digital twin electronic grating group and the inspection standards for each appearance quality inspection area to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, and obtain the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, including: Use the digital twin electronic grating group and the inspection standards for each appearance quality inspection area to inspect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part, and obtain grating data as the shape and size measurement data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part; The raster data is output as a line. At the same time, surface defect detection data is obtained by quantifying the change distance and change angle between two position points in the line generated by the raster data, wherein the surface defect detection data includes the judgment result of whether the appearance of the appearance quality inspection area is qualified.

8. The electronic grating quality inspection system based on digital twin is characterized by: The method for performing the electronic grating quality inspection based on digital twin according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: The digital twin module is used to perform 3D modeling of actual parts with standard shapes to obtain digital twin models of the actual parts; The quality inspection zoning module is used to perform quality inspection zoning on the surface area of ​​the actual part based on the digital twin model of the actual part, obtain all the appearance quality inspection areas of the actual part, and set the inspection standards for each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part; The grating detection module is used to detect each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part using the digital twin electronic grating group and the detection standard of each appearance quality inspection area, and obtain the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of each appearance quality inspection area of ​​the actual part; The twin projection module is used to obtain and output the quality inspection results of the actual parts based on the shape and size measurement data and surface defect detection data of all quality inspection areas of the actual parts and the digital twin model.

9. A computer-readable medium storing a computer program, characterized in that When the program is executed by a processor, the electronic grating quality inspection method based on digital twins as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

Images