Method for predicting decoration pollutant concentration and identifying main pollution source based on ventilation environment

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for predicting decoration pollutant concentration and identifying a main pollution source based on a ventilation environment, and belongs to the field of material pollutant monitoring. The method for predicting the pollutant concentration comprises the following steps: determining the type of a decoration material according to a design scheme, and constructing a data set; establishing a quantitative relation between the pollutant equilibrium release amount and the bearing rate according to the data set; the pollutant concentration of the decoration material in the closed environment is obtained; when the ventilation influence is considered, a quantitative relation of ventilation times is established; and obtaining the predicted concentration of the pollutants of the decoration material considering the ventilation influence. The invention further provides a method for identifying the main pollution source. The method has the beneficial effects that the method can adapt to different ventilation conditions, and the accuracy and reliability of concentration prediction are improved; decorative materials which have great influence on indoor air pollution can be recognized, and indoor pollution sources are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of material pollutant monitoring, and in particular to a method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants and identifying major pollution sources based on ventilation environment. Background Art

[0002] Decoration is closely related to human health. A large number of decoration materials are used in the decoration of space, which causes serious pollution of air pollutants such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, TVOC (Total Volatile Organic Compounds), etc., and it is also common to exceed the standard, which causes great harm to the human body and is a difficult problem. Decoration is often an integrated application of multiple materials. Although each material can meet the requirements of the corresponding material standards, the superimposed pollution during integrated application will still cause the problem of exceeding the standard. The post-treatment method is easy to cause secondary product pollution on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is impossible to remove long-term volatile air pollutants and cannot be cured. Therefore, it is a more feasible method to predict the concentration of pollutants before decoration, take measures when the pollution is serious, and control pollutants in advance. However, due to different design schemes, it is usually a combination of multiple materials and different areas, which makes the prediction of air pollutant concentration a problem.

[0003] When decorative materials are combined and applied in the same space, ventilation is a major influencing factor, which varies according to climate and seasons, and also varies according to whether mechanical ventilation devices are installed. The actual decorated room cannot achieve the completely closed state of the test chamber. With the different ventilation conditions set in the space, the air change frequency varies widely, which has a greater impact on the predicted value of pollutant concentration in the space, and a specific calculation method needs to be given in the prediction.

[0004] CN 109902972A discloses a method for pre-evaluating the formaldehyde content in an indoor environment, comprising selecting a design scheme and selecting all materials that may release formaldehyde; using an environmental chamber method to determine the formaldehyde release concentration C (mg / m 3 The formaldehyde release amount per unit area Q (mg / m) was obtained by dividing the formaldehyde release concentration by the corresponding loading rate. 2), that is, Q=C / L. For each material, the relationship between formaldehyde emission and load rate Q=f(L) is established. Then, the actual formaldehyde release concentration C1 when two or more materials are combined is tested by the environmental chamber method, the predicted value C0 and the measured value C1 are compared, and a pre-evaluation model of formaldehyde concentration is established based on the test value, and the model is corrected by comparing the on-site measured value with the predicted value. The above-mentioned prior art has the following limitations: First, when the environmental chamber method is used for testing, the test value is low and close to the detection limit. The ratio of the detection limit to the predicted value is high, and the fluctuation is large, and the uncertainty is high. In addition, due to the influence of ventilation, the test cycle is long, and the formaldehyde concentration is difficult to reach equilibrium. It takes at least 3 days, generally 7 days, and some are even up to 28 days. It is difficult to establish the relationship between the equilibrium release of pollutants and the load rate. Secondly, the general relationship between formaldehyde emission and load rate Q=f(L) is given, but the specific relationship between the emission per unit area and the load rate that can be actually applied is not given. This relationship has countless possibilities. It is necessary to continuously test each combination of the method described in the patent to find the deviation law between the predicted value and the measured value, and then apply it to the specific material combination prediction model, which is inconvenient in practical application. In addition, the prior art has the disadvantage that when the material combination changes, a large number of tests need to be carried out again to find new deviation laws, which cannot adapt to the changing design scheme, resulting in a large amount of preliminary work and difficulty in implementation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a method for predicting the concentration of decoration and renovation pollutants and identifying main pollution sources based on ventilation environment.

[0006] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants based on ventilation environment in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, which improves the existing problem that a large number of tests need to be conducted again when the material combination changes to find new deviation rules. The present invention solves the problem of accurately predicting the superimposed pollution caused by the design schemes that adapt to the changing decoration materials, and considers the influence of ventilation, so that the method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants is more practical, and improves the accuracy and reliability of predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants.

[0007] The method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants based on ventilation environment includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Determine the types of decoration materials according to the design plan and construct a data set; the data set includes several load rates of different decoration materials, and the balanced release of pollutants obtained by analyzing samples of different load rates of each decoration material through the closed test chamber method;

[0009] S2. According to the data set of step S1, a quantitative relationship between the pollutant equilibrium release and the load rate is established: based on the principle of least squares method, an exponential relationship is fitted between the load rate and the corresponding pollutant equilibrium release under different decoration materials, and the following formula is obtained:

[0010] ;

[0011] Where:

[0012] E i is the pollutant equilibrium release of the i-th material, which is the dependent variable and the unit is mg / m 2 ; E 0i is the minimum limit release of pollutants for the i-th material, in mg / m 2 , obtained by fitting; E fi is the variation range of the pollutant release limit of the i-th material, in mg / m 2 Obtained through fitting; L is the bearing capacity of the decoration material, which is the independent variable and the unit is m 2 / m 3 ; B i is the characteristic value of the pollutant equilibrium release of the i-th material, obtained by fitting;

[0013] Among them, E 0i is the minimum limit release of pollutants of the ith material, which means: the release of pollutants when the carrying capacity of the ith material tends to infinity;

[0014] Define a maximum limit release of pollutants E ti , which means: the amount of pollutant released when the carrying capacity of the i-th material approaches zero;

[0015] E fi is the variation range of the pollutant release limit of the i-th material, which means: the maximum release limit of pollutants of the i-th material E ti Minimum limit release of pollutants E 0i The difference between

[0016] S3, the load rate L of the i-th material actually used i Substitute into the formula in step S2 to calculate the corresponding pollutant equilibrium release amount E of the i-th material i ;

[0017] S4. Obtain the pollutant concentration of decoration materials in a closed environment: Calculate the sum of the product of the carrying rate of n kinds of decoration materials and the balanced release of pollutants to obtain the pollutant concentration of decoration materials in a closed environment, which is the following formula:

[0018] ;

[0019] Where:

[0020] C0 is the predicted concentration of pollutants from decoration materials in a closed environment, in mg / m 3 ;

[0021] S5. When considering the influence of ventilation, establish a quantitative relationship between the number of ventilation times and the sum of the product of the maximum release range of material pollutants and the load rate, that is, the following formula:

[0022] ;

[0023] In the formula,

[0024] U is the ventilation influence coefficient;

[0025] H is the ventilation frequency of the space, in times / hour;

[0026] The pollutant release limit range E of the i-th material fi , the load-bearing capacity L of the i-th material i , the ventilation frequency H of the space and the predicted concentration C0 of the pollutants of the decoration materials in the closed environment are substituted into the formula to obtain the ventilation influence coefficient U;

[0027] S6. Obtain the predicted concentration of pollutants from decoration and decoration materials considering the influence of ventilation: multiply the ventilation influence coefficient U by the predicted concentration C0 of pollutants from decoration and decoration materials in a closed environment, which is the following formula:

[0028] C m =U×C0;

[0029] Where: C m This is the predicted concentration correction value considering the effect of ventilation, in mg / m 3 .

[0030] According to the aforementioned method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants based on ventilation environment, in S1, the balanced release amount of pollutants is obtained by analyzing samples of different loading rates of each decoration material through a closed test chamber method, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0031] S11. After the closed test cabin is sealed for 24 hours, the concentration of pollutants is tested to obtain the background concentration of the closed test cabin;

[0032] S12. Prepare and cure the specimens. The curing conditions in the curing room are as follows: temperature 21-25°C, relative humidity 45-55%, air exchange rate 2 times / h, and curing time 3 days;

[0033] S13. Place the cured specimen on the specimen rack in the closed test chamber with the test surface facing the center of the chamber, close the door, and set the internal space temperature of the closed test chamber to 22-24°C and the relative humidity to 40-50%;

[0034] S14. Obtain the specific equilibrium release of pollutants; Method 1: Test the pollutant concentrations at multiple time points under each carrying rate, fit the concentration and time to obtain the concentration change curve, obtain the equilibrium concentration of the curve, and divide the equilibrium concentration of the pollutants by the corresponding carrying rate to obtain the equilibrium release of pollutants; Method 2: Test the pollutant concentrations corresponding to 22 hours, 23 hours and 24 hours, take the average pollutant concentrations at the three time points, and then divide the average pollutant concentration by the corresponding carrying rate to obtain the equilibrium release of pollutants.

[0035] Furthermore, in S12, at least four samples with different load rates are taken for each decorative material.

[0036] Further, the pollutant is formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene or TVOC;

[0037] When the pollutant is formaldehyde, the concentration is measured by sampling the gas in the test chamber according to the sampling method of GB / T18204.2-2014, and tested by the 7.1AHMT spectrophotometric method in GB / T18204.2-2014, or by the liquid chromatography method in Appendix B of GB / T18883-2022;

[0038] When the pollutant is benzene, toluene or xylene, the pollutant concentration is sampled and tested in the test chamber according to the method in Appendix D of GB50325-2020;

[0039] When the pollutant is TVOC, the pollutant concentration shall be sampled and tested by the method in Appendix E of GB50325-2020.

[0040] Furthermore, the load-bearing rate is the ratio of the exposed surface area of ​​the decorative material to the volume of the space where the material is located, that is, the calculation method of the load-bearing rate is as follows:

[0041] ;

[0042] Where:

[0043] L i is the load-bearing rate of the i-th type of decoration material, in m 2 / m 3 ; A i is the exposed surface area of ​​the i-th decorative material, in m 2 ; V is the volume of the space where the material is located, in m 3 .

[0044] If there is a suitable way to determine which decoration materials are the main source of indoor pollution and focus on controlling them, it will provide an operational improvement plan for improving indoor air quality and people's health environment, and provide important help in solving indoor pollution at a low cost. If it is possible to accurately determine which decoration materials are the main source of pollution, it will provide a low-cost solution and an operational method for reducing indoor air pollutants in advance.

[0045] When multiple decoration materials are used at the same time indoors, causing serious superposition pollution, how to accurately identify which decoration material contributes more to the higher concentration of certain indoor air pollutants (such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, TVOC, etc.), causing pollution. When indoor decoration materials are used in the same space, there can be a combination of multiple decoration materials according to the design plan. Due to different design plans, the amount of materials used varies with the design plan. One decoration material may have a higher release intensity (release per unit area) but a smaller amount, and sometimes a decoration has a smaller amount but a very high release intensity. In this case, it is difficult to determine which pollutant causes a certain pollutant to exceed the standard.

[0046] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for identifying the main pollution sources based on the ventilation environment, which is based on the above-mentioned method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants based on the ventilation environment, and further includes the following steps:

[0047] S7. Sort the products of the carrying rate and the balanced release amount of pollutants of all decoration and renovation materials from large to small, and add up the sorting results to obtain the sequence {cc1, cc2, ..., cc (k-1) ,cc k ..., cc n}; where n is the total number of types of decoration materials, cc1 is the pollutant concentration of the previous decoration material, cc2 is the sum of the pollutant concentrations of the previous two decoration materials, and cc k is the sum of the pollutant concentrations of the first k decorative materials, cc (k-1) is the sum of the pollutant concentrations of the first k-1 decorative materials, cc n It is the sum of the pollutant concentrations of all decorative and finishing materials;

[0048] S8. Set the threshold γ. If , , then the first k decorative and finishing materials are the main pollution sources.

[0049] Compared with the related art, the method for predicting and identifying the pollutant concentration of decoration materials based on ventilation environment provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] (1) The present invention adopts a closed test chamber method to obtain the equilibrium concentration of pollutants; compared with the environmental chamber method, ventilation is eliminated. When testing in a closed test chamber, the concentration of pollutants is more easily balanced due to the lack of ventilation. At the same time, the closed test chamber method has better resolution and repeatability, and can accurately establish a quantitative relationship between the equilibrium release of pollutants and the load rate, providing a calculation basis for the subsequent prediction of the concentration of pollutants in decorative materials; and considering the influence of ventilation, a quantitative relationship is established between the number of ventilation times and the sum of the product of the range of variation of the material pollutant limit release and the load rate. The prediction method of the present invention can adapt to different ventilation conditions, improve the pollutant prediction accuracy, make the prediction method of the concentration of pollutants in decorative materials more practical, and improve the accuracy and reliability of predicting the concentration of pollutants in decorative materials.

[0051] (2) Through the method of identifying the main pollution sources based on the ventilation environment of the present invention, the decorative materials that have a greater impact on indoor air pollution can be identified before decoration, so as to provide an operational method for early intervention, reduce the pollution sources entering the room, provide long-term indoor healthy air quality, and reduce the cost of improving indoor air quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the closed test chamber;

[0053] Figure 2 A flowchart of the steps of a method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants based on ventilation environment;

[0054] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the quantitative relationship between the equilibrium release amount of pollutants and the carrying rate;

[0055] Figure 4 Figure 2 is the pollutant concentration curve of latex paint at different times under four loading rates.

[0056] Description of reference numerals:

[0057] 1. Sealed test chamber; 2. Sample rack; 3. Sample; 4. Sampling device; 5. Temperature and humidity sensor; 6. Temperature and humidity display and recording device; 7. Cabin air circulation device; 8. Temperature and humidity environment control device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more clear, the following will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figures 1 to 4 The technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described in detail with specific embodiments.

[0059] The present invention predicts the concentration of air pollutants released by superimposing when multiple decorative materials are applied to the same space. The pollutant balance release of each decorative material is tested by a closed test chamber method, and the quantitative relationship between the pollutant balance release of the decorative material and the load rate is obtained as an exponential relationship; considering the influence of ventilation, the prediction method of the present invention can adapt to different ventilation conditions, improve the pollutant prediction accuracy, make the prediction method of the decorative material pollutant concentration more practical, and improve the accuracy and reliability of predicting the pollutant concentration of the decorative material.

[0060] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the closed test chamber used in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The volume of the internal space of the closed test chamber is 1m 3 The closed test cabin includes a closed test cabin body 1, a sample rack 2, a sampling device 4, an air temperature and humidity monitoring and regulating system, and an in-cabin air circulation device 7. The sample rack 2 is fixedly arranged in the internal space of the closed test cabin body 1, and is used to support the sample 3. The sample 3 is placed on the sample rack 2, and the sample 3 releases pollutants in the internal space of the closed test cabin body 1. The air temperature and humidity monitoring and regulating system can adjust and control the internal environment of the closed test cabin body 1. The air temperature and humidity monitoring and regulating system includes a temperature and humidity sensor 5 arranged in the internal space of the closed test cabin body 1, a temperature and humidity display and recording device 6, an in-cabin air circulation device 7, and a temperature and humidity environment control device 8.

[0061] Compared with the environmental chamber method, the closed test chamber method in the embodiment of the present invention eliminates ventilation. Due to the lack of ventilation, the fluctuations caused by changes in temperature, humidity and airflow are reduced, the accuracy and repeatability of the test are improved, and the pollutant concentration is more easily balanced when testing in a closed test chamber. As the concentration of decorative and finishing material pollutants (volatile gas pollutants such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, TVOC, etc.) increases over time, the concentration first increases rapidly, then gradually slows down, and finally approaches a fixed concentration, which is referred to as the pollutant equilibrium concentration. In addition, compared with the test under ventilation in the environmental chamber method, the pollutant equilibrium concentration value measured by the closed test chamber method is higher. Therefore, the closed test chamber method has better resolution and better repeatability.

[0062] In a first aspect of the present invention, a method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants based on ventilation environment is provided. Figure 2 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0063] S1. Determine the types of decoration materials according to the design plan and construct a data set; the data set includes several load rates of different decoration materials, and the balanced release of pollutants obtained by analyzing samples of different load rates of each decoration material through the closed test chamber method.

[0064] S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0065] S11. After the closed test cabin is sealed for 24 hours, the concentration of pollutants is tested to obtain the background concentration of the closed test cabin.

[0066] S12. Prepare and cure samples: The size of the sample is 500mm×500mm, and the number is at least 5. Immediately after sampling, the bottom and sides of the sample are sealed with packaging materials that do not release or absorb pollutants, and then sent to the curing room for curing. The curing conditions in the curing room are 21~25℃, relative humidity 45~55%, and air ventilation frequency is not less than 1 time / h. Take at least four samples with different load rates for each decorative material.

[0067] S13. Place the cured specimen on the specimen rack in the closed test chamber with the test surface facing the center of the chamber, close the door, and set the internal space temperature of the closed test chamber to 22~24℃ and the relative humidity to 40~50%.

[0068] S14. Obtain the specific equilibrium release of pollutants; Method 1: Test the pollutant concentration at multiple time points under each load rate, fit the concentration and time to obtain the concentration change curve, obtain the pollutant equilibrium concentration of the curve, and divide the pollutant equilibrium concentration by the corresponding load rate to obtain the pollutant equilibrium release; Method 2: Test the pollutant concentration corresponding to 22 hours, 23 hours and 24 hours, take the average pollutant concentration at the three time points, and then divide the average pollutant concentration by the corresponding load rate to obtain the pollutant equilibrium release. Among them, the meaning of the pollutant equilibrium concentration is: the concentration of the pollutant concentration of the decorative and finishing materials in the test cabin reaches equilibrium within a certain period of time under a certain load rate, and the unit is milligrams per square meter (mg / m 3 ). The pollutant is formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene or TVOC. When the pollutant is formaldehyde, the concentration is sampled according to the sampling method of GB / T18204.2-2014 for the gas in the test chamber, and tested according to the 7.1AHMT spectrophotometric method in GB / T18204.2-2014, or tested according to the liquid chromatography method in Appendix B of GB / T18883-2022. When the pollutant is benzene or toluene or xylene, the pollutant concentration is sampled and tested according to the method in Appendix D of GB50325-2020 for the gas in the test chamber; when the pollutant is TVOC, the pollutant concentration is sampled and tested according to the method in Appendix E of GB50325-2020 for the gas in the test chamber.

[0069] S2. According to the data set of step S1, a quantitative relationship between the pollutant equilibrium release and the load rate is established: based on the principle of least squares method, an exponential relationship is fitted between the load rate and the corresponding pollutant equilibrium release under different decoration materials, and the following formula is obtained:

[0070] ;

[0071] Where:

[0072] E i is the pollutant equilibrium release of the i-th material, which is the dependent variable and the unit is mg / m 2 ; E 0i is the minimum limit release of pollutants for the i-th material, in mg / m 2 , obtained by fitting; E fi is the variation range of the pollutant release limit of the i-th material, in mg / m 2 Obtained through fitting; L is the bearing capacity of the decoration material, which is the independent variable and the unit is m 2 / m 3 ; B i is the characteristic value of the pollutant equilibrium release of the i-th material, obtained by fitting;

[0073] Among them, E 0i is the minimum limit release of pollutants of the ith material, which means: the release of pollutants when the carrying capacity of the ith material tends to infinity;

[0074] Define a maximum limit release of pollutants E ti , which means: the amount of pollutant released when the carrying capacity of the i-th material approaches zero;

[0075] E fi is the variation range of the pollutant release limit of the i-th material, which means: the maximum release limit of pollutants of the i-th material E ti Minimum limit release of pollutants E 0i The difference.

[0076] Figure 3 It is a diagram showing the quantitative relationship between the pollutant equilibrium release and the carrying rate, and reflects the E 0i 、E fi 、E ti and B.

[0077] S3, the load rate L of the i-th material actually used i Substitute into the formula in step S2 to calculate the corresponding pollutant equilibrium release amount E of the i-th material i .

[0078] S4. Pollutant concentration of decoration materials in a closed environment: The sum of the product of the carrying rate of n kinds of decoration materials and the balanced release of pollutants is the pollutant concentration of decoration materials in a closed environment, which is the following formula:

[0079] ;

[0080] Where:

[0081] C0 is the predicted concentration of pollutants from decorative and finishing materials in a closed environment.

[0082] S5. When considering the influence of ventilation, establish a quantitative relationship between the number of ventilation times and the sum of the product of the maximum release range of material pollutants and the load rate, that is, the following formula:

[0083] ;

[0084] In the formula,

[0085] U is the ventilation influence coefficient;

[0086] H is the ventilation frequency of the space, measured in times / hour.

[0087] The pollutant release limit range E of the i-th material fi , the load-bearing capacity L of the i-th material i , the ventilation frequency H of the space and the predicted concentration C0 of pollutants from decorative and finishing materials in a closed environment are substituted into the formula to obtain the ventilation influence coefficient U.

[0088] The present invention provides a quantitative calculation method for the influence of ventilation, which is obtained by establishing a quantitative relationship between the sum of the product of the variation range of the pollutant limit release of all decorative and finishing materials and the ventilation times of the space (in times per hour), and has been verified by a large number of experiments and has high accuracy.

[0089] S6. Obtain the predicted concentration of pollutants from decoration and decoration materials considering the influence of ventilation: multiply the ventilation influence coefficient U by the predicted concentration C0 of pollutants from decoration and decoration materials in a closed environment, which is the following formula:

[0090] C m =U×C0;

[0091] Where: C m Correction value for predicted concentration taking into account the effect of ventilation.

[0092] The load-bearing rate is the ratio of the exposed surface area of ​​the decorative material to the volume of the space where the material is located. The calculation method of the load-bearing rate is as follows:

[0093] ;

[0094] Where:

[0095] L i is the load-bearing rate of the i-th decorative material; A iis the exposed surface area of ​​the ith decorative material; V is the volume of the space where the material is located.

[0096] The present invention adopts a closed test chamber method to obtain the equilibrium concentration of pollutants; compared with the environmental chamber method, ventilation is eliminated. When testing in a closed test chamber, the concentration of pollutants is more easily balanced due to the lack of ventilation. At the same time, the closed test chamber method has better resolution and better repeatability, and can accurately establish a quantitative relationship between the equilibrium release of pollutants and the load rate, providing a calculation basis for the subsequent prediction of the concentration of pollutants in decorative materials; and considering the influence of ventilation, a quantitative relationship is established between the number of ventilation times and the sum of the product of the range of variation of the material pollutant limit release and the load rate. The prediction method of the present invention can adapt to different ventilation conditions, improve the pollutant prediction accuracy, make the prediction method of the concentration of pollutants in decorative materials more practical, and improve the accuracy and reliability of predicting the concentration of pollutants in decorative materials.

[0097] The following is a specific example of a method for predicting the concentration of decorative and renovation pollutants based on ventilation environment.

[0098] The method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants based on ventilation environment includes the following steps:

[0099] S1. Determine the types of decoration materials according to the design plan and construct a data set; the data set includes several load rates of different decoration materials, and the balanced release of pollutants obtained by analyzing samples of different load rates of each decoration material through the closed test chamber method.

[0100] The embodiment of the present invention uses three kinds of decorative materials: veneer wood, paint and wooden floor. In S1, at least four samples with different load rates are taken for each decorative material. In this embodiment, each decorative material is set to 0.25m 2 / m 3 、0.50m 2 / m 3 、0.75m 2 / m 3 and 1.00m 2 / m 3 Four load-bearing rate samples. The above embodiment provides a series of four load-bearing rates. It is understandable that the load-bearing rate may also be other series and other numbers and series not less than three.

[0101] The embodiment of the present invention takes formaldehyde as an example of a pollutant in decorative and finishing materials.

[0102] Specifically, the balanced release of pollutants obtained by analyzing samples of different loading rates of each decorative and finishing material through the closed test chamber method in S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0103] S11. After the closed test cabin is sealed for 24 hours, the concentration of pollutants is tested to obtain the background concentration of the closed test cabin.

[0104] S12. Prepare and cure samples: The size of the samples is 500 mm × 500 mm, and the number is 5.

[0105] For decorative and finishing materials such as panels, inert materials are used to seal the back and sides of the panels. After sampling, the samples are immediately sealed with packaging materials that will not release or absorb pollutants and then cured. The exposed size of the sample is 500mm×500mm; for decorative and finishing materials such as wallpapers, according to the actual use of the materials, the wallpapers are pasted on glass plates or aluminum alloy plates according to the actual amount of glue used; for decorative and finishing materials such as paints, the paint samples are weighed and evenly applied on glass plates or aluminum alloy plates of 500mm×500mm; for decorative and finishing materials such as sealants, the sealants are evenly applied on glass plates of 500mm×500mm; for decorative and finishing materials such as adhesives, a certain amount of samples are weighed and evenly applied on glass plates of 500mm×500mm.

[0106] The curing conditions in the curing room are temperature 23°C, relative humidity 50%, air ventilation frequency 2 times / h, and curing time is 3 days.

[0107] S13. Place the cured specimen on the specimen rack in the closed test chamber with the test surface facing the center of the chamber, close the door, and set the internal space temperature of the closed test chamber to 23°C and the relative humidity to 45%.

[0108] S14. Obtain specific balanced release of pollutants; test the pollutant concentrations corresponding to 22 hours, 23 hours and 24 hours, take the average of the pollutant concentrations at the three time points, and then divide the average of the pollutant concentrations by the corresponding carrying rate to obtain the balanced release of pollutants. It can be considered that the pollutant release reaches equilibrium at the three time points of 22 hours, 23 hours and 24 hours.

[0109] The pollutant equilibrium concentrations corresponding to the different carrying rates of three decorative materials: facing wood boards, paint and wooden floors are shown in Table 1.

[0110] Table 1

[0111]

[0112] The balanced release of pollutants corresponding to the different loading rates of three decorative materials: facing wood boards, paint and wooden floors are shown in Table 2.

[0113] Table 2

[0114]

[0115] S2. Based on the data set of step S1, a quantitative relationship between the equilibrium release amount of pollutants and the carrying rate is established:

[0116] With the load rate as the horizontal axis and the balanced release of pollutants as the vertical axis, the exponential relationship between the balanced release of pollutants and the load rate of the veneer wood board was fitted, and the quantitative relationship between the balanced release of pollutants and the load rate of the veneer wood board was obtained as follows:

[0117] (1-1);

[0118] Similarly, the quantitative relationship between the balanced release of pollutants and the loading rate of the coating is:

[0119] (1-2);

[0120] The quantitative relationship between the balanced release of pollutants and the load rate of wooden floors is:

[0121] (1-3).

[0122] S3, the load rate L of the i-th material actually used i Substitute into the formula in step S2 to calculate the corresponding pollutant equilibrium release amount E of the i-th material i ;

[0123] The actual space volume V is 65m 3 ; The exposed surface area A1 of the facing wood is 21m 2 , determine the bearing rate L1 of the facing wood board to be 0.32m 2 / m 3 Substituting the load rate L1 of the veneer wood into formula (1-1), we can obtain the equilibrium release of pollutants from the veneer wood E1 = 0.485 mg / m 2 ; The exposed surface area of ​​the coating A2 is 48m 2 , determine the coating load L2 is 0.74m 2 / m 3 Substituting the coating load L2 into formula (1-2), we can obtain the equilibrium release of pollutants from the coating E2 = 0.194 mg / m 2 ; The exposed surface area A3 of the wooden floor is 25m 2 , determine the load rate L3 of the wooden floor is 0.38m 2 / m 3 Substituting the load rate L3 of the wooden floor into formula (1-3), we can get the equilibrium release of pollutants from the wooden floor E3 = 1.18 mg / m 2 .

[0124] S4. Pollutant concentration of decoration and renovation materials in a closed environment: Calculate the sum of the products of the carrying capacity of the three materials and the balanced release of pollutants to obtain the predicted concentration of pollutants of decoration and renovation materials in a closed environment.

[0125] The pollutant concentration of the veneer wood is 0.1552 mg / m 3 The pollutant concentration of the coating is 0.1435 mg / m 3 The pollutant concentration of the wooden floor is 0.4484 mg / m 3 The total concentration of the three decorative materials is C0 = 0.485 × 0.32 + 0.194 × 0.74 + 1.18 × 0.38 = 0.747 mg / m 3 .

[0126] S5. When considering the influence of ventilation, the ventilation frequency H of the space is 0.5 times / hour. The predicted concentration C0 of pollutants from decorative and finishing materials in a closed environment and the sum of the maximum release range and carrying rate of pollutants from various decorative and finishing materials are substituted into the formula to obtain U=0.318.

[0127] According to the actual situation of the space, the ventilation frequency H can be any practical value, which also makes this calculation more in line with the actual situation.

[0128] S6. Obtain the predicted concentration of pollutants from decoration and decoration materials considering the influence of ventilation: multiply the ventilation influence coefficient U by the predicted concentration C0 of pollutants from decoration and decoration materials in a closed environment to obtain C m =0.238 mg / m 3 .

[0129] The present invention provides a quantitative calculation method for the influence of ventilation, which is different from the existing calculation method. The main point is: a quantitative relationship is established between the sum of the product of the variation range of the pollutant limit release of all decorative and finishing materials and the ventilation frequency (in times per hour).

[0130] The method of testing the equilibrium release of pollutants by the closed test chamber method of the present invention can be: under certain temperature and humidity conditions, by testing the concentration at multiple times, exponentially fitting the time and concentration, taking the limit value when the time increases, obtaining the equilibrium concentration of pollutants, and dividing it by the carrying rate to obtain the equilibrium release of pollutants. Or exponentially fitting the pollutant release at multiple times and time, taking the limit value when the time increases, to obtain the equilibrium release of pollutants. Figure 4 , tested the pollutant concentration of latex paint at different times under 4 loading rates, and the internal volume of the closed test chamber was uniformly 1m 3The internal temperature of the closed test chamber is 22-24°C and the relative humidity is 40-50%. Then, the time is taken as the horizontal axis and the pollutant release amount is taken as the vertical axis, and exponential fitting is performed to obtain the equilibrium release amount of pollutants, which is the load rate of 0.25 m in the embodiment of the present invention. 2 / m 3 , 0.50 m 2 / m 3 , 0.75 m 2 / m 3 and 1.00m 2 / m 3 The amount of pollutants released.

[0131] Another method of testing the balanced release of pollutants using the closed test chamber method of the present invention may be: testing the pollutant concentrations corresponding to 22 hours, 23 hours and 24 hours, taking the average of the pollutant concentrations at the three time points, and then dividing the average of the pollutant concentrations by the corresponding loading rate to obtain the balanced release of pollutants. Testing for 22 hours, 23 hours and 24 hours is considered to have reached release equilibrium.

[0132] It should be noted that space refers to all spaces that need decoration, which can include not only building interiors but also trains, airplanes, cars and other spaces.

[0133] The present invention provides a specific quantitative relationship between the balanced release of pollutants and the load-bearing rate of decorative and finishing materials as an exponential relationship. The characteristic parameters of the relationship between the release of pollutants and the load-bearing rate of each decorative and finishing material can be tested, and the influence of ventilation can be taken into consideration to establish a quantitative relationship between the number of ventilation times and the sum of the product of the variation range of the material pollutant limit release and the load-bearing rate. The prediction method of the present invention can adapt to different ventilation conditions, predict the superimposed pollution when multiple decorative and finishing materials with different usage amounts are applied to the same space, provide necessary information for taking measures in advance before construction, control the pollution sources entering the room at the source, and provide a long-term healthy indoor environment.

[0134] By adopting the closed test chamber method of the present invention to test the pollutant characteristics of a single decorative material, it is possible to predict any combination of multiple decorative materials with different usage amounts, provide information for comparing the plans and selecting the plan with better air quality, thereby providing an operational solution for improving indoor air quality and promoting the improvement of indoor air quality.

[0135] The present invention adopts a closed test chamber method for testing, which increases the concentration value of pollutants released by decorative and finishing materials, while reducing fluctuations caused by changes in temperature, humidity and airflow, and improving the accuracy and repeatability of the test; in addition, the closed test chamber method takes a shorter time for the pollutant concentration to reach equilibrium, and the test is shortened from one week in the original environmental chamber method to 24 hours, thereby improving the test efficiency.

[0136] According to the calculation method given in the above embodiment, the above method was applied in an actual residential decoration project to calculate the three rooms of a house type. The specific decorative materials used in the three rooms and their usage are shown in Table 3 below. The ventilation frequency of the room is 0.5 times / hour.

[0137] Table 3

[0138]

[0139] Table 4 shows the predicted concentrations and measured concentrations corresponding to the three rooms in Table 3.

[0140] Table 4

[0141]

[0142] It can be seen from Table 4 that after the combined scheme applies the quantitative calculation of the ventilation influence of the present invention, the predicted results are in good agreement with the measured results, which is of great significance for promotion and use.

[0143] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for identifying major pollution sources based on ventilation environment, which is based on the above-mentioned method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants based on ventilation environment, and further includes the following steps:

[0144] S7. Sort the products of the carrying rate and the balanced release amount of pollutants of all decoration and renovation materials from large to small, and add up the sorting results to obtain the sequence {cc1, cc2, ..., cc (k-1) ,cc k ..., cc n}; where n is the total number of types of decoration materials, cc1 is the pollutant concentration of the previous decoration material, cc2 is the sum of the pollutant concentrations of the previous two decoration materials, and cc k is the sum of the pollutant concentrations of the first k decorative materials, cc (k-1) is the sum of the pollutant concentrations of the first k-1 decorative materials, cc n It is the sum of the pollutant concentrations of all decorative and finishing materials;

[0145] S8. Set the threshold γ. If , , then the first k decorative and finishing materials are the main pollution sources.

[0146] Through the method of identifying major pollution sources based on ventilation environment of the present invention, decorative materials that have a greater impact on indoor air pollution can be identified before decoration, so as to provide an operational method for early intervention, reduce the source of pollution entering the room, provide long-term healthy indoor air quality, and reduce the cost of improving indoor air quality.

[0147] Combining the above three decorative and finishing materials of facing wood boards, paint and wooden floors, the method of identifying the main pollution sources based on the ventilation environment is specifically illustrated with examples.

[0148] The pollutant concentration of the veneer wood is 0.1552 mg / m 3 The pollutant concentration of the coating is 0.1435 mg / m 3 The pollutant concentration of the wooden floor is 0.4484 mg / m 3 The total pollutant concentration of the three decorative materials is 0.747 mg / m 3 The pollutant concentration of wooden floor is the highest, followed by that of veneer wood, and the lowest is that of paint. The threshold γ is set to 0.7, and the pollutant concentration of wooden floor is divided by the sum of the pollutant concentrations of the three decorative materials, which is 0.600; the sum of the pollutant concentrations of wooden floor and veneer wood is divided by the total pollutant concentration of the three decorative materials, which is 0.808, and wooden floor and veneer wood can be identified as the main pollution sources.

[0149] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementation methods of the present invention, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit them. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that any technician familiar with the technical field can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, or can easily conceive of changes, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. Such modifications, changes or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants based on ventilation environment, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Determine the types of decoration materials according to the design plan and construct a data set; the data set includes several load rates of different decoration materials, and the balanced release of pollutants obtained by analyzing samples of different load rates of each decoration material through the closed test chamber method; S2. According to the data set of step S1, a quantitative relationship between the pollutant equilibrium release and the load rate is established: based on the principle of least squares method, an exponential relationship is fitted between the load rate and the corresponding pollutant equilibrium release under different decoration materials, and the following formula is obtained: ； Where: E i is the pollutant equilibrium release of the i-th material, which is the dependent variable and the unit is mg / m 2 ; E 0i is the minimum limit release of pollutants for the i-th material, in mg / m 2 , obtained by fitting; E fi is the variation range of the pollutant release limit of the i-th material, in mg / m 2 Obtained through fitting; L is the bearing capacity of the decoration material, which is the independent variable and the unit is m 2 / m 3 ; B i is the characteristic value of the pollutant equilibrium release of the i-th material, obtained by fitting; Among them, E 0i is the minimum limit release of pollutants of the ith material, which means: the release of pollutants when the carrying capacity of the ith material tends to infinity; Define a maximum limit release of pollutants E ti , which means: the amount of pollutant released when the carrying capacity of the i-th material approaches zero; E fi is the variation range of the pollutant release limit of the i-th material, which means: the maximum release limit of pollutants of the i-th material E ti Minimum limit release of pollutants E 0i The difference between S3, the load rate L of the i-th material actually used i Substitute into the formula in step S2 to calculate the corresponding pollutant equilibrium release amount E of the i-th material i ; S4. Obtain the pollutant concentration of decoration materials in a closed environment: Calculate the sum of the product of the carrying rate of n kinds of decoration materials and the balanced release of pollutants to obtain the pollutant concentration of decoration materials in a closed environment, which is the following formula: ； Where: C0 is the predicted concentration of pollutants from decoration materials in a closed environment, in mg / m 3 ; S5. When considering the influence of ventilation, establish a quantitative relationship between the number of ventilation times and the sum of the product of the maximum release range of material pollutants and the load rate, that is, the following formula: ； In the formula, U is the ventilation influence coefficient; H is the ventilation frequency of the space, in times / hour; The pollutant release limit range E of the i-th material fi , the load-bearing capacity L of the i-th material i , the ventilation frequency H of the space and the predicted concentration C0 of the pollutants of the decoration materials in the closed environment are substituted into the formula to obtain the ventilation influence coefficient U; S6. Obtain the predicted concentration of pollutants from decoration and decoration materials considering the influence of ventilation: multiply the ventilation influence coefficient U by the predicted concentration C0 of pollutants from decoration and decoration materials in a closed environment, which is the following formula: C m =U×C0; Where: C m This is the predicted concentration correction value considering the effect of ventilation, in mg / m 3 .

2. The method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants based on ventilation environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S1, the balanced release of pollutants is obtained by analyzing samples of different loading rates of each decorative and finishing material using the closed test chamber method, which specifically includes the following steps: S11. After the closed test cabin is sealed for 24 hours, the concentration of pollutants is tested to obtain the background concentration of the closed test cabin; S12. Prepare and cure the specimens. The curing conditions in the curing room are as follows: temperature of 21-25°C, relative humidity of 45-55%, air exchange rate of 2 times / h, and curing time of 3 days; S13. Place the cured specimen on the specimen rack in the closed test chamber with the test surface facing the center of the chamber, close the door, and set the internal space temperature of the closed test chamber to 22-24°C and the relative humidity to 40-50%; S14. Obtain the specific equilibrium release of pollutants; Method 1: Test the pollutant concentrations at multiple time points under each carrying rate, fit the concentration and time to obtain the concentration change curve, obtain the equilibrium concentration of the curve, and divide the equilibrium concentration of the pollutants by the corresponding carrying rate to obtain the equilibrium release of pollutants; Method 2: Test the pollutant concentrations corresponding to 22 hours, 23 hours and 24 hours, take the average pollutant concentrations at the three time points, and then divide the average pollutant concentration by the corresponding carrying rate to obtain the equilibrium release of pollutants.

3. The method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants based on ventilation environment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In S12, at least four samples with different load rates are taken for each decorative and finishing material.

4. The method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants based on ventilation environment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The pollutant is formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene or TVOC; When the pollutant is formaldehyde, the concentration is measured by sampling the gas in the test chamber according to the sampling method of GB / T18204.2-2014, and tested by the 7.1AHMT spectrophotometric method in GB / T18204.2-2014, or by the liquid chromatography method in Appendix B of GB / T18883-2022; When the pollutant is benzene, toluene or xylene, the pollutant concentration is sampled and tested in the test chamber according to the method in Appendix D of GB50325-2020; When the pollutant is TVOC, the pollutant concentration shall be sampled and tested by the method in Appendix E of GB50325-2020.

5. The method for predicting the concentration of decoration pollutants based on ventilation environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The load-bearing rate is the ratio of the exposed surface area of ​​the decorative material to the volume of the space where the material is located. The calculation method of the load-bearing rate is as follows: ； Where: L i is the load-bearing rate of the i-th type of decoration material, in m 2 / m 3 ; A i is the exposed surface area of ​​the i-th decorative material, in m 2 ; V is the volume of the space where the material is located, in m 3 .

6. A method for identifying major pollution sources based on ventilation environment, based on the method for predicting the concentration of decoration and renovation pollutants based on ventilation environment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: S7. Sort the products of the carrying rate and the balanced release amount of pollutants of all decoration and renovation materials from large to small, and add up the sorting results to obtain the sequence {cc1, cc2, ..., cc (k-1) ,cc k ..., cc n };in, n is the total number of types of decoration materials, cc1 is the pollutant concentration of the previous decoration material, cc2 is the sum of the pollutant concentrations of the previous two decoration materials, cc k is the sum of the pollutant concentrations of the first k decorative materials, cc (k-1) is the sum of the pollutant concentrations of the first k-1 decorative materials, cc n It is the sum of the pollutant concentrations of all decorative and finishing materials; S8. Set the threshold γ. If , , then the first k decorative and finishing materials are the main pollution sources.

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