Antenna, antenna preparation method and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna, a preparation method of the antenna and electronic equipment, belongs to the technical field of communication, and solves the problem that in conventional base station equipment, the single-beam coverage range of the antenna is small. The antenna comprises an antenna structure and at least one surface waveguide wave structure, and the surface waveguide wave structure is located on at least one side of the antenna structure. The surface waveguide wave structure comprises a first dielectric substrate, a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are arranged on the two sides of the first dielectric substrate in the thickness direction of the first dielectric substrate respectively. The orthographic projection of the first conductive layer and the orthographic projection of the second conductive layer on the first dielectric substrate are overlapped, and the first conductive layer is electrically connected with the second conductive layer. According to the scheme of the invention, the single-beam coverage range of the antenna can be adjusted to 180 degrees, and the single-beam coverage range of the antenna is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna, a method for preparing the antenna, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] Compared with 4G base stations, 5G base stations have advantages such as large communication capacity and fast communication speed, but also face limitations such as high equipment costs. Currently, 5G networks are expanding to rural areas. In order to achieve 5G network coverage in remote rural areas, low-cost wide-coverage base station equipment solutions are essential. Conventional base station equipment is a 3-sector solution, and each antenna single beam covers a range of 120°, which is difficult to meet the network coverage needs in rural areas. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and proposes an antenna, a method for preparing the antenna, and an electronic device.

[0004] An aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, which specifically includes:

[0005] Antenna structure;

[0006] At least one surface waveguide structure is located on at least one side of the antenna structure; wherein,

[0007] The surface waveguide structure includes: a first dielectric substrate, a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, wherein the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are respectively arranged on both sides of the first dielectric substrate along the thickness direction thereof; the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer overlap in the orthographic projection of the first dielectric substrate, and the first conductive layer is electrically connected to the second conductive layer.

[0008] In some embodiments, the antenna structure includes a second dielectric substrate and at least one vibrator arranged on one side of the second dielectric substrate; the second dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface in a first direction, and the vibrator is arranged on the first surface; the plane where the surface waveguide structure is located is inclined in a direction from the first surface to the second surface compared to the plane where the antenna structure is located; the first direction is the thickness direction of the second dielectric substrate.

[0009] In some embodiments, a surface of the first dielectric substrate facing away from the first conductive layer and the second surface of the second dielectric substrate have an angle.

[0010] In some embodiments, the surface waveguide structure is located on a side of the vibrator that is away from the second dielectric substrate, and has a certain distance from the second dielectric substrate in the first direction.

[0011] In some embodiments, the surface waveguide structure is disposed on one side of the antenna structure;

[0012] The second dielectric substrate has a third surface, the third surface connects the first surface and the second surface, and the third surface is arranged opposite to the surface waveguide structure.

[0013] In some embodiments, a center of the surface waveguide structure and a center of the antenna structure are at a certain distance in a second direction; and the second direction is an extension direction of the third surface.

[0014] In some embodiments, there is a gap between the surface waveguide structure and the antenna structure in a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to both the first direction and the second direction.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are an integral structure.

[0016] In some embodiments, the surface waveguide structure is disposed on opposite sides of the antenna structure.

[0017] In some embodiments, the surface waveguide structures disposed on both sides of the antenna structure are symmetrical with respect to the center of the antenna array.

[0018] In some embodiments, the antenna structure includes a plurality of sub-arrays arranged side by side along the second direction, and the sub-arrays include a plurality of dipoles arranged side by side along the third direction.

[0019] In some implementations, the heights of the plurality of sub-arrays along the first direction are different.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first conductive layer includes a plurality of conductive units arranged in an array, and the conductive units are electrically connected to the second conductive layer; the first dielectric substrate has a plurality of connection structures; the connection structures are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the conductive units, and the conductive units are electrically connected to the second conductive layer through the corresponding connection structures.

[0021] Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a method for preparing an antenna, the method comprising:

[0022] forming an antenna structure;

[0023] At least one surface waveguide structure is formed, and the surface waveguide structure is located on at least one side of the antenna structure; wherein the surface waveguide structure includes: a first dielectric substrate, a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, and the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are respectively arranged on both sides of the first dielectric substrate along the thickness direction thereof; the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer overlap in the orthographic projection of the first dielectric substrate, and the first conductive layer is electrically connected to the second conductive layer.

[0024] Another aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna as described in any of the above embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For ordinary technicians in this field, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The cross-sectional view of the antenna along AA is shown;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the beam radiation pattern of an antenna without a surface waveguide structure;

[0029] Figure 4 For Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the beam radiation pattern of the antenna shown;

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the beam radiation pattern of the antenna shown;

[0032] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the beam radiation pattern of the antenna shown;

[0034] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a one-dimensional radial antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 A top view of the antenna array shown;

[0036] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a one-dimensional radial antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of an m×n dimensional antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Fig.13a is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary antenna without a surface waveguide structure;

[0039] Fig.13b for Fig.13a A front view of the antenna shown;

[0040] Fig.13c for Fig.13a a side view of the antenna shown;

[0041] Fig.13d for Fig.13a A top view of the antenna shown;

[0042] Fig.14 for Fig.13a The normal phase gain and horizontal gain simulated radiation pattern of the antenna shown;

[0043] Fig.15a is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary antenna without a surface waveguide structure;

[0044] Fig.15b for Fig.15a A top view of the antenna shown;

[0045] Fig.15c for Fig.15a A front view of the antenna shown;

[0046] Fig.15d for Fig.15a a bottom view of the antenna shown;

[0047] Fig.16 The normal gain and horizontal gain simulation patterns of the antenna shown in FIG15 ;

[0048] Fig.17a is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary antenna without a surface waveguide structure;

[0049] Fig.17b for Fig.17a A top view of the antenna shown;

[0050] Fig.17c for Fig.17a A front view of the antenna shown;

[0051] Fig.17d for Fig.17a a bottom view of the antenna shown;

[0052] Fig.18a is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary antenna without a surface waveguide structure;

[0053] Fig.18b for Fig.18a A top view of the antenna shown;

[0054] Fig.18c for Fig.18a A front view of the antenna shown;

[0055] Fig.18d for Fig.18a a bottom view of the antenna shown;

[0056] Fig.19a is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary antenna without a surface waveguide structure;

[0057] Fig.19b for Fig.19a A top view of the antenna shown;

[0058] Fig.19c for Fig.19a A front view of the antenna shown;

[0059] Fig.19d for Fig.19a a bottom view of the antenna shown;

[0060] Fig.19e for Fig.19c A partial enlarged view of region B of the antenna shown;

[0061] Fig.20a is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary antenna without a surface waveguide structure;

[0062] Fig.20b for Fig.20a A top view of the antenna shown;

[0063] Fig.20c for Fig.20a A front view of the antenna shown;

[0064] Fig.20d for Fig.20a a bottom view of the antenna shown;

[0065] Fig.20e for Fig.20c A partial enlarged view of region C of the antenna is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present disclosure more clear, the embodiments of the present disclosure are further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples, and other embodiments may take various alternative forms. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale; certain functions may be exaggerated or minimized to show the details of specific components. Therefore, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein should not be interpreted as restrictive, but merely as a representative basis for teaching those skilled in the art to use the present application in various ways. As will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, the various features shown and described with reference to any one of the drawings may be combined with the features shown in one or more other drawings to produce embodiments that are not explicitly shown or described. The combination of the features shown provides representative embodiments for typical applications. However, various combinations and modifications of features consistent with the teachings of the present disclosure may be desirable for certain specific applications or embodiments.

[0067] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present disclosure should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. "First", "second" and similar words used in the present disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, similar words such as "one", "one" or "the" do not indicate quantity restrictions, but indicate that there is at least one. "Including" or "including" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing in front of the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly. The term "and / or" when used to list two or more items means that any one of the listed items can be adopted by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be adopted.

[0068] In order to solve the problem that the single beam coverage of each antenna in conventional base station equipment is small and can only reach 120°, which makes it difficult to meet the network coverage requirements in rural areas. In the first aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure, an antenna is proposed, which specifically includes: an antenna structure and at least one surface waveguide structure; wherein the surface waveguide structure is located on at least one side of the antenna structure; the surface waveguide structure includes: a first dielectric substrate, a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are respectively arranged on both sides of the first dielectric substrate along its thickness direction; the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer overlap in the orthographic projection of the first dielectric substrate, and the first conductive layer is electrically connected to the second conductive layer.

[0069] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, by setting a surface waveguide structure on at least one side of the antenna structure, the coverage range of the single beam of the antenna can be adjusted to 180°, thereby greatly improving the coverage range of the single beam of the antenna.

[0070] The antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to a base station device to implement a 2-sector network in the base station device. Compared with a conventional base station device with 3 sectors, the base station device of the embodiment of the present disclosure can use fewer antennas, a lower number and a lower cost to achieve the same coverage effect as a conventional base station device.

[0071] The following describes the solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present disclosure, and are not used to limit the present disclosure.

[0072] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 for Figure 1 The cross-section of the antenna along AA is shown. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the antenna specifically includes: an antenna structure 10 and at least one surface waveguide structure 20; wherein the surface waveguide structure 20 is located on at least one side of the antenna structure; the surface waveguide structure 20 includes: a first dielectric substrate 21, a first conductive layer 22 and a second conductive layer 23, wherein the first conductive layer 22 and the second conductive layer 23 are respectively arranged on both sides of the first dielectric substrate 21 along the thickness direction thereof; the first conductive layer 22 and the second conductive layer 23 overlap in the orthographic projection of the first dielectric substrate 21, and the first conductive layer 22 is electrically connected to the second conductive layer 23. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of the surface waveguide structures 20 may be one or more, and the embodiment of the present disclosure is described by taking the number of the surface waveguide structures 20 as two, and being arranged on both sides of the antenna structure 10 relatively as an example. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the surface waveguide structures disposed on both sides of the antenna structure may be symmetrical or asymmetrical relative to the center of the antenna structure; the length of the surface waveguide structures along the second direction X may be greater than, equal to, or less than the length of the antenna structure along the second direction X. The embodiments of the present disclosure are described by taking the case where the surface waveguide structures disposed on both sides of the antenna structure are symmetrical relative to the center of the antenna structure, and the length of the surface waveguide structures along the second direction X is equal to the length of the antenna structure along the second direction X as an example.

[0073] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, a surface waveguide structure 20 is arranged on both sides of the antenna structure 10, and the radiation field of the antenna structure 10 itself is utilized to excite the surface wave of the surface waveguide structure 20, so that the surface wave propagates along the horizontal direction (i.e., the third direction Y), thereby widening the beam in the horizontal direction.

[0074] The disclosed embodiment, without changing the structure of the antenna itself, only adds a surface waveguide structure, thereby achieving an increase in the horizontal gain while keeping the normal gain basically unchanged, thereby improving the horizontal coverage effect of the antenna beam.

[0075] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the beam radiation pattern of an antenna without a surface waveguide structure. Figure 4 For Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the beam radiation pattern of the antenna shown.

[0076] from Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that the beam radiation range of the antenna with the surface waveguide structure arranged on both sides of the antenna structure is much larger than the beam radiation range of the antenna without the surface waveguide structure arranged.

[0077] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the beam radiation pattern of the antenna shown. In some examples, such as Figure 5As shown, a surface waveguide structure 20 is provided on one side of the antenna structure 10. Figure 6 It can be seen that the horizontal beam of the antenna has a reinforcement effect only on the side where the surface waveguide structure 20 is provided.

[0078] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the beam radiation pattern of the antenna shown. In some examples, such as Figure 7 As shown, the surface waveguide structures 20 disposed on both sides of the antenna structure 10 are asymmetrically distributed relative to the center of the antenna structure 10. Figure 8 It can be seen that when the surface waveguide structure 20 is asymmetrically distributed relative to the antenna structure 10, the wide-angle horizontal beam corresponding to the antenna is also asymmetrically distributed accordingly.

[0079] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first conductive layer 22 includes a plurality of conductive units 221 arranged in an array, and the conductive units 221 are electrically connected to the second conductive layer 23. More specifically, a plurality of connection structures 24 are provided on the first dielectric substrate; the connection structures 24 are arranged one-to-one with the conductive units 221, and the conductive units 221 are electrically connected to the second conductive layer 23 through the corresponding connection structures 24.

[0080] The material of the first conductive layer 22 and the second conductive layer 23 can be metal, such as copper, aluminum, titanium and other metal materials, but not limited thereto, and can also be other conductive materials. The material of the connection structure 24 can be the same as that of the first conductive layer 22 and the second conductive layer 23.

[0081] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a one-dimensional radial antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.10 for Fig. 9 A top view of the antenna array is shown. Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a one-dimensional radial antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of an m×n dimensional antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Both m and n are positive integers greater than 1.

[0082] In some examples, such as Figures 9 to 12As shown, the antenna structure 10 includes a second dielectric substrate 11, and at least one vibrator 12 disposed on one side of the second dielectric substrate 11. Specifically, the antenna structure 10 may include one vibrator 12, or may include multiple vibrators 12. When the antenna structure 10 includes multiple vibrators 12, the multiple vibrators 12 may form an antenna array. The antenna array may be a one-dimensional linear array, a two-dimensional planar array, an antenna array including vibrators of different heights, a regularly arranged antenna array, or an irregularly arranged antenna array, etc. Fig. 9 In the antenna array shown, the heights of the vibrators 12 are the same; Fig.11 In the antenna array shown, the heights of the individual oscillators 12 are different; Fig.12 In the antenna array shown, the heights between the vibrators 12 are not limited, and the heights of the vibrators 12 in the antenna array can be the same or different; Fig.12 In the antenna array shown, the vibrators 12 are located in the same straight line, but the invention is not limited thereto. The vibrators 12 may also be arranged in other shapes, such as a circle, a polygon, an irregular shape, or other shapes.

[0083] In some examples, such as Figure 1 As shown, the antenna structure 10 is an antenna array, and the antenna structure 10 includes: a second dielectric substrate 11, and a plurality of sub-arrays 13 arranged side by side along a third direction Y on the second dielectric substrate 11, and the sub-arrays 13 include a plurality of vibrators 12 arranged side by side along a second direction X. The surface waveguide structure 20 is arranged on both sides of the antenna structure 10 along the third direction Y. The antenna array is a two-dimensional planar antenna array, and the heights of the vibrators in the sub-arrays of the antenna array are the same.

[0084] In some examples, in order to facilitate the manufacture of the first dielectric substrate 21 of the surface waveguide structure 20 and the second dielectric substrate 11 of the antenna structure 10 may be an integral structure.

[0085] The beneficial effects of the disclosed example are described below by simulating the normal phase gain and horizontal gain of the antenna.

[0086] Fig.13a is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary antenna without a surface waveguide structure; Fig.13b for Fig.13a 13c is a front view of the antenna shown; Fig.13a 13d is a side view of the antenna shown; Fig.13a A top view of the antenna shown; Fig.14 for Fig.13a The normal gain and horizontal gain simulated radiation patterns of the antenna are shown.

[0087] like Fig.13aAs shown, the antenna is an 8x4 antenna array, including 8 subarrays, each subarray includes 4 vibrators, and the antenna array includes a total of 32 vibrators. Every 4 vibrators are fed by two one-to-four power dividers, and each vibrator can achieve ±45° dual polarization. By designing the lengths of different power divider traces, the prefabricated downtilt angle can also be achieved. The size of the vibrator can be set according to the use requirements. In the disclosed example, the size of the vibrator is set to 68.75mm×53.25mm (i.e. 0.59λ×0.46λ), and the operating frequency band is 2.515GHz-2.675GHz, where λ represents the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna operation.

[0088] from Fig.14 It can be seen that the normal gain of the antenna is 20.01dBi, the 90° gain (ie, horizontal gain) is 7.54dBi, and the 90° gain roll-off is 12.47dB.

[0089] It should be noted that the gain roll-off refers to the difference between the horizontal maximum gain and the normal gain.

[0090] Fig.15a is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary antenna without a surface waveguide structure; Fig.15b for Fig.15a 15c is a top view of the antenna shown; Fig.15a 15d is a front view of the antenna shown; Fig.15a a bottom view of the antenna shown; Fig.16 The normal gain and horizontal gain simulation patterns of the antenna shown in FIG15 .

[0091] like Fig.15a As shown, the antenna includes an antenna structure 10 and a surface waveguide structure 20 .

[0092] The surface waveguide structure 20 specifically includes: a first dielectric substrate 21, a first conductive layer 22 and a second conductive layer 23, the first conductive layer 22 and the second conductive layer 23 are respectively arranged on both sides of the first dielectric substrate 21 along its thickness direction; the first conductive layer 22 and the second conductive layer 23 overlap in the orthographic projection of the first dielectric substrate 21, the first conductive layer 22 includes a plurality of conductive units 221 arranged in an array, and the conductive units 221 are electrically connected to the second conductive layer 23 through a connecting structure 24. The surface waveguide structure 20 is arranged on both sides of the antenna structure 10 along the third direction Y. The antenna structure is an antenna array, and the antenna array is connected to the antenna structure 10. Fig.13aThe structure and size of the antenna array shown are exactly the same. The second dielectric substrate 11 of the antenna structure 10 has a first surface 111 and a second surface 112 arranged opposite to each other in the first direction Z, and has a third surface 113 and a fourth surface 114 arranged opposite to each other in the third direction, and the first surface 111 and the second surface 112 are connected by the third surface 113 and the fourth surface 114 respectively. Two surface waveguide structures 20 are arranged on two sides opposite to the third surface 113 and the fourth surface 114 of the second dielectric substrate 11. The distance between the center of the surface waveguide structure 20 and the center of the antenna structure 10 in the second direction X is DX, the distance between the conductive unit 221 of the surface waveguide structure 20 and the vibrator 12 of the antenna structure 10 in the third direction Y is DY, and the first dielectric substrate 21 of the surface waveguide structure 20 is located on the side of the second dielectric substrate 11 of the antenna structure 10 facing the vibrator 12, and the distance between the first dielectric substrate 21 of the surface waveguide structure 20 and the second dielectric substrate 11 of the antenna structure 10 in the first direction Z is DZ. The first direction Z is the thickness direction of the second dielectric substrate, the second direction X is the extension direction of the third surface 113 of the antenna structure 10 , and the third direction Y is perpendicular to both the first direction Z and the second direction X.

[0093] For example Fig.15a The normal phase gain and horizontal gain of the antenna shown in the figure are simulated. During the simulation, DX is set to 0, DY is set to 2.9 mm, and DZ is set to 2 mm. The following is obtained: Fig.16 The normal gain and horizontal gain patterns of the antenna are shown.

[0094] from Fig.16 It can be seen that Fig.15a The normal gain of the antenna shown is 20.01dBi, 90°

[0095] The gain is 8.32dBi and the 90° gain roll-off is 11.69dB.

[0096] Compared to Fig.13a As shown in the antenna, the 90° gain of the example disclosed in the present invention is improved and the gain roll-off is reduced. It can be seen that the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention has improved 90° coverage effect while the normal coverage effect remains basically unchanged.

[0097] In some examples, the center of the surface waveguide structure 20 is at a certain distance from the center of the antenna structure 10 in the second direction X. Increasing the distance DX between the center of the surface waveguide structure 20 and the center of the antenna structure 10 in the second direction X can further improve the coverage in the horizontal direction while the normal coverage effect of the antenna beam remains basically unchanged.

[0098] Fig.17a is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary antenna without a surface waveguide structure; Fig.17bfor Fig.17a 17c is a top view of the antenna shown; Fig.17a 17d is a front view of the antenna shown; Fig.17a The bottom view of the antenna is shown. Fig.17a The antenna shown is similar to Fig.15a The difference of the antenna shown is that the distance DX between the center of the surface waveguide structure 20 and the center of the antenna structure 10 in the second direction X is increased. Fig.17a The normal gain and horizontal gain of the antenna shown in the figure are simulated. When the distance DX is set to 20mm, the normal gain of the antenna is 19.89dBi, the 90° gain is 9.70dBi, and the 90° gain roll-off is 10.19dB. It can be seen that compared with Fig.15a As shown in the antenna, the antenna of the example disclosed in the present invention has further improved the coverage effect in the 90° direction while keeping the normal coverage effect basically unchanged.

[0099] In some examples, there is a gap (the gap is the distance DY) between the surface waveguide structure 20 and the antenna structure 10 in the third direction Y. The gap is greater than 2.9 mm and is smaller than the dimension of the vibrator 12 along the third direction Y. In the example disclosed in the present disclosure, the dimension of the vibrator 12 along the third direction Y is 53.25 mm, so in the example disclosed in the present disclosure, the dimension of the gap can be 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm or 50 mm, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0100] Fig.18a is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary antenna without a surface waveguide structure; Fig.18b for Fig.18a 18c is a top view of the antenna shown; Fig.18a 18d is a front view of the antenna shown; Fig.18a The bottom view of the antenna is shown. Fig.18a The antenna shown is similar to Fig.15a The difference of the antenna shown is that the distance DY between the surface waveguide structure 20 and the antenna structure 10 in the third direction Y is increased. Fig.17a The antenna shown in the figure is simulated for normal gain and horizontal gain. When the distance DY is set to 12.9mm, the normal gain of the antenna is 20dBi, the 90° gain is 9.68dBi, and the 90° gain roll-off is 10.32dB. Fig.15a As shown in the antenna, the antenna of the example disclosed in the present invention has further improved the coverage effect in the 90° direction while keeping the normal coverage effect basically unchanged.

[0101] In some examples, the surface waveguide structure 20 is located on a side of the vibrator 12 of the antenna structure 10 away from the second dielectric substrate 11, and has a certain distance DZ from the second dielectric substrate 11 in the first direction Z. In order to further improve the coverage effect of the antenna in the 90° direction, 0≤DZ≤60mm, for example, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm, 45mm or 50mm, etc., but not limited thereto.

[0102] Fig.19a is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary antenna without a surface waveguide structure; Fig.19b for Fig.19a 19c is a top view of the antenna shown; Fig.19a The front view of the antenna shown; 19d is Fig.19a 19e is a bottom view of the antenna shown; Fig.19c FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the B region of the antenna shown in FIG. In the example disclosed in the present disclosure, the surface waveguide structure 20 is located on the side of the vibrator 12 of the antenna structure 10 away from the second dielectric substrate 11; Fig.15a The surface waveguide structure 20 of the antenna shown is located on the side of the second dielectric substrate 11 where the vibrator 12 is provided. Fig.19a The normal gain and horizontal gain of the antenna shown in the figure are simulated. During the simulation, the distance DZ is set to -8mm ("-" indicates that the surface waveguide structure 20 is located on the side of the antenna structure 10 where the vibrator 12 is away from the second dielectric substrate 11). The normal gain of the antenna is 19.97dBi, the 90° gain is 9.65dBi, and the 90° gain roll-off is 10.32dB. Fig.15a As shown in the antenna, the antenna of the example disclosed in the present invention has further improved the coverage effect in the 90° direction while keeping the normal coverage effect basically unchanged.

[0103] In some examples, the plane where the surface waveguide structure 20 is located is tilted in a direction from the first surface 111 to the second surface 112 compared to the plane where the antenna structure 10 is located, and the surface of the first dielectric substrate 21 away from the first conductive layer 22 has an angle th with the second surface of the second dielectric substrate 11. The first dielectric substrate 21 and the second dielectric substrate 11 can be kept at a certain angle by a structural member. In some examples, the angle th is less than 90°, for example, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, or 70°.

[0104] Fig.20a is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary antenna without a surface waveguide structure; Fig.20b for Fig.20a 20c is a top view of the antenna shown; Fig.20a The front view of the antenna shown; 20d is Fig.20a 20e is a bottom view of the antenna shown; Fig.20c The C region of the antenna is shown in FIG. Fig.20a The normal gain and horizontal gain of the antenna shown in the figure are simulated. When th is set to -15° ("-" indicates that the direction of the angle is from the first surface 111 to the second surface 112), the normal gain of the antenna is 19.36dBi, the 90° gain is 12.36dBi, and the 90° gain roll-off is 7.5dB. Fig.15a The antenna shown in the example of the present disclosure has a further improved 90° coverage effect while maintaining a substantially unchanged normal coverage effect. Fig.17a , 18a Compared with the antenna shown in FIG. 19a , the antenna of the example disclosed in the present invention has further improved the coverage effect in the 90° direction while maintaining the normal coverage effect basically unchanged.

[0105] Based on the same inventive concept, a second aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing an antenna, the method comprising:

[0106] S10: forming an antenna structure.

[0107] S20. Form at least one surface waveguide structure, wherein the surface waveguide structure is located on at least one side of the antenna structure; wherein the surface waveguide structure comprises: a first dielectric substrate, a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, wherein the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are disposed on both sides of the first dielectric substrate along a thickness direction thereof; the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer overlap in an orthographic projection of the first dielectric substrate, and the first conductive layer is electrically connected to the second conductive layer.

[0108] Based on the same inventive concept, a third aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0109] The embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an antenna and an electronic device including the antenna. The antenna may include any of the above-mentioned phase shifter arrays. Of course, the antenna may also include components such as a radiating portion and a feeding structure.

[0110] The electronic device in the embodiment of the present disclosure also includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the electronic device can be used as a transmitting antenna or as a receiving antenna. Among them, the transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides a signal of at least one frequency band, such as a 2G signal, a 3G signal, a 4G signal, a 5G signal, etc., and sends a signal of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After the antenna in the antenna system receives the signal, it can be processed by the filtering unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver and then transmitted to the receiving end in the first launch unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0111] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit, and is used to modulate the signal sent by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signal received by the antenna and transmit it to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulating circuit, and a demodulating circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the substrate, the modulating circuit can modulate various types of signals provided by the baseband and then send them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit transmits the signal to the demodulating circuit, and the demodulating circuit demodulates the signal and transmits it to the receiving end.

[0112] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, and the signal amplifier and the power amplifier are connected to a filter unit, and the filter unit is connected to at least one antenna. In the process of the antenna system sending signals, the signal amplifier is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the RF transceiver and then transmit it to the filter unit; the power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signal output by the RF transceiver and then transmit it to the filter unit; the filter unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filter circuit, and the filter unit combines the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier and filters out the clutter before transmitting them to the antenna, and the antenna radiates the signal. In the process of the antenna system receiving signals, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filter unit, and the filter unit filters out the clutter from the signal received by the antenna and then transmits it to the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, and the signal amplifier amplifies the signal received by the antenna to increase the signal-to-noise ratio; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the signal received by the antenna. The signal received by the antenna is processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier and then transmitted to the RF transceiver, and the RF transceiver then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0113] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as a low noise amplifier, which is not limited herein.

[0114] In some examples, the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit, which is connected to a power amplifier to provide the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying a signal.

[0115] The discussion of any of the above embodiments is only exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the disclosure (including the claims) of the embodiments of the present disclosure is limited to these examples; under the concept of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and there are many other changes in different aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure as above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: include: Antenna structure; At least one surface waveguide structure is located on at least one side of the antenna structure; wherein, The surface waveguide structure includes: a first dielectric substrate, a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, wherein the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are respectively arranged on both sides of the first dielectric substrate along the thickness direction thereof; the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer overlap in the orthographic projection of the first dielectric substrate, and the first conductive layer is electrically connected to the second conductive layer.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The antenna structure includes a second dielectric substrate and at least one vibrator arranged on one side of the second dielectric substrate; the second dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface in a first direction, and the vibrator is arranged on the first surface; the plane where the surface waveguide structure is located is inclined in a direction from the first surface to the second surface compared to the plane where the antenna structure is located; the first direction is the thickness direction of the second dielectric substrate.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: A surface of the first dielectric substrate facing away from the first conductive layer forms an angle with the second surface of the second dielectric substrate.

4. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surface waveguide structure is located on a side of the vibrator away from the second dielectric substrate, and has a certain distance from the second dielectric substrate in the first direction.

5. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surface waveguide structure is arranged on one side of the antenna structure; The second dielectric substrate has a third surface, the third surface connects the first surface and the second surface, and the third surface is arranged opposite to the surface waveguide structure.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that There is a certain distance between the center of the surface waveguide structure and the center of the antenna structure in the second direction; the second direction is the extension direction of the third surface.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that There is a gap between the surface waveguide structure and the antenna structure in a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to both the first direction and the second direction.

8. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are an integrated structure.

9. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface waveguide structure is disposed on two opposite sides of the antenna structure.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The surface waveguide structures disposed on both sides of the antenna structure are symmetrical with respect to the center of the antenna array.

11. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna structure includes a plurality of sub-arrays arranged side by side along a second direction, and the sub-arrays include a plurality of dipoles arranged side by side along a third direction.

12. The antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that The heights of the plurality of sub-arrays along the first direction are different.

13. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The first conductive layer includes a plurality of conductive units arranged in an array, and the conductive units are electrically connected to the second conductive layer; the first dielectric substrate has a plurality of connection structures; the connection structures are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the conductive units, and the conductive units are electrically connected to the second conductive layer through the corresponding connection structures.

14. A method for preparing an antenna, characterized in that: include: forming an antenna structure; At least one surface waveguide structure is formed, and the surface waveguide structure is located on at least one side of the antenna structure; wherein the surface waveguide structure includes: a first dielectric substrate, a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, and the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are respectively arranged on both sides of the first dielectric substrate along the thickness direction thereof; the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer overlap in the orthographic projection of the first dielectric substrate, and the first conductive layer is electrically connected to the second conductive layer.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that: Comprising the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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