Methods and absorbent articles for inhibiting fecal protease activity

Abstract

Disclosed are methods and metastatic compositions for reducing fecal enzyme activity, as well as absorbent articles comprising the metastatic compositions. The metastatic compositions and absorbent articles of the present disclosure can prevent or reduce epidermal irritation and dermatitis in the diaper area by reducing the activity of fecal enzymes. In one embodiment, the metastatic composition comprises a yeast lysate derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 412,299, filed on September 30, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Background Art

[0003] Skin health and protection against biological insults are very important to wearers of absorbent articles. Absorbent articles, such as diapers, training pants, incontinence products, and feminine care products, are usually worn in direct contact with the wearer's skin. Therefore, the wearer's skin may be directly exposed to various physical and biological insults, putting the skin's barrier function at risk.

[0004] In order to provide disposable, absorbent articles are usually made of nonwoven materials. Friction between the nonwoven material and the wearer's skin is a form of physical violation of the skin barrier. The use of tissue products can also cause friction with the skin barrier. Tissue products are often used to clean the skin area covered by the absorbent article (e.g., by removing biological waste from the skin).

[0005] In addition to these physical insults, the skin covered by absorbent articles is also often exposed to biological insults. Biological fluids, such as urine, feces, vaginal secretions, and nasal secretions, may contain a variety of components that can damage the skin barrier. Examples of these components include proteases, lipases, and bile acids. When the skin barrier is damaged, these components plus other components of the biological fluid may cause or aggravate inflammation of the skin.

[0006] Diaper dermatitis is a skin disorder that results largely from a compromised skin barrier function. Impaired skin barrier function can be caused by a variety of factors, including increased skin moisture due to prolonged exposure to urine or other body fluids, enzymatic skin damage due to fecal and uremic enzymes, and physical damage due to friction and excessive rubbing with absorbent articles.

[0007] Increased skin moisture disrupts the skin's lipid organization in the stratum corneum. This disruption increases the skin's permeability to irritants from feces and urine, increasing the risk of skin inflammation. Among these multiple factors, fecal enzymes are known to be the main driver of diaper rash.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need in the art for a topical effective composition that can reduce fecal enzyme activity. By reducing fecal enzyme activity, diaper dermatitis can be effectively prevented or reduced. In addition, there is a need for a method of providing an absorbent article, tissue product, cream and / or emollient that can reduce fecal enzyme-related activity and diaper dermatitis by reducing exposure to fecal proteases. Summary of the invention

[0009] Disclosed herein is a method of inhibiting the activity of one or more fecal enzymes, the method comprising exposing the fecal enzymes to a postbiotic composition, wherein the postbiotic composition reduces the activity of one or more of the fecal enzymes by 10% or more compared to a control.

[0010] Also disclosed herein is a method of preventing or reducing fecal enzyme associated diaper dermatitis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising providing a postbiotic composition to the subject, wherein the postbiotic composition helps reduce or prevent fecal enzyme associated diaper dermatitis by 10% or more compared to a control.

[0011] Also disclosed herein is an absorbent article comprising the composition, wherein the composition comprises yeast lysate.

[0012] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be set forth in part in the detailed description and any claims that follow, and will be derived in part from the detailed description, or may be learned by practicing the various aspects of the present disclosure. The advantages described below will be realized and obtained by means of the elements and combinations specifically indicated in the appended claims. It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description both describe examples, are merely illustrative, and do not limit the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate certain examples of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure without limitation.

[0014] Figure 1A and 1B is a graph showing inhibition of fecal protease activity by postbiotic candidates and depicts (A) the percentage of protease inhibition in the presence of various postbiotics (maximum recommended dose of each postbiotic: 5% Oxy229PF, 2% 2% Marsturizer TM and 2% Pauseile TM , prepared in water and added to the reaction) and (B) Dose-dependent inhibition of fecal protease activity by OXY 229PF. The protease activity of the vehicle control at any given fecal protease concentration was set to 100%. 8 mM hydrochloride solution was used as a positive control for the inhibition assay;

[0015] Figure 2 is a side perspective view of an absorbent article, such as a diaper, in a fastened state according to one embodiment;

[0016] Figure 3 is a top plan view of the absorbent article of Figure 1 in a stretched, flat, relaxed condition.

[0017] Figure 4 is a front perspective view of an absorbent article, such as a pair of pants, according to another embodiment;

[0018] Figure 5 It is in stretched flat state Figure 3 a top plan view of an absorbent article; and

[0019] Figure 6 is along Figure 2 Front perspective cross-sectional view taken along line 5-5 in FIG. 5 , wherein the absorbent article is in a relaxed configuration.

[0020] Figure 7 The effect of various S. cerevisiae extracts on fecal protease activity is shown. The graph shows the percentage of protease inhibition in the presence of various S. cerevisiae extracts and other postbiotics. Samples were prepared in water at the maximum recommended dose according to the manufacturer's instructions (2% 2% Sigma-Aldrich yeast extract, 2% Relipidium and 5% OXY 229PF) and the samples were tested for protease activity. The activity of the vehicle control (water pH 7) was set to 100% at each given protease concentration. 1% lactic acid was used as a positive control. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] definition

[0022] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, "a compound" includes a mixture of multiple compounds.

[0023] As used herein, the term "about" or "approximately" means within an acceptable error range for a particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which will depend in part on how the value is measured or determined (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, according to the practice in the art, "about" can mean within 3 standard deviations or more than 3 standard deviations. Alternatively, "about" can mean a range of up to 20% of a given value, or up to 10% of a given value, or up to 5% of a given value, or up to 1% of a given value. Alternatively, particularly for biological systems or processes, the term can mean within an order of magnitude, or within 5-fold, or within 2-fold of a value.

[0024] As used herein, the terms "inhibit," "inhibiting," and "inhibition" mean to reduce by a measurable amount or to completely prevent (eg, reduce an activity, response, condition, disease, or other biological parameter).

[0025] As used herein, w / v (or "weight / volume %" or "weight / volume") refers to the value obtained by dividing the weight of a substance in grams by the volume of a solution in milliliters and multiplying by 100.

[0026] As used herein, "comprising" should be interpreted as specifying the presence of the features, integers, steps or components mentioned, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more features, integers, steps or components or groups thereof. In addition, each of the terms "by", "comprising, comprises", "consisting of", "including, includes, included", "involves, involved" and "such as" is used in an open, non-restrictive sense and can be used interchangeably. In addition, the term "comprising" is intended to include instances and aspects covered by the terms "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of". Similarly, the term "consisting essentially of" is intended to include instances covered by the term "consisting of".

[0027] It should be noted that ratios, concentrations, amounts and other numerical data can be expressed in range format herein. It will also be understood that the endpoints of each range are significant relative to another endpoint and are independent of another endpoint. It will also be understood that multiple values ​​are disclosed herein, and each value, in addition to the value itself, is also disclosed herein as "about" this particular value. For example, if the value "10" is disclosed, "about 10" will also be disclosed. Scopes can be expressed in this article as from "about" a particular value, and / or to "about" another particular value. Similarly, when a value is expressed with an approximate value by using the antecedent "about", it will be understood that a particular value forms another aspect. For example, if the value "about 10" is disclosed, "10" will also be disclosed.

[0028] When expressing a range, another aspect includes from a specific value and / or to another specific value. For example, when the range includes one or two limits, ranges excluding one or both of the limits are also included in the present disclosure, for example, the phrase "x to y" includes a range from "x" to "y" and a range greater than "x" and less than "y". Ranges can also be expressed as upper limits, for example, "about x, y, z or less", and should be interpreted as including specific ranges of "about x", "about y", and "about z" as well as ranges of "less than x", "less than y", and "less than z". Similarly, the phrase "about x, y, z or greater" should be interpreted as including specific ranges of "about x", "about y", and "about z" as well as ranges of "greater than x", "greater than y", and "greater than z". In addition, the phrase "about 'x' to 'y'" (where 'x' and 'y' are numerical values) includes "about

[0029] 'x' to approximately 'y'".

[0030] It should be understood that this range format is used for convenience and brevity and, therefore, should be interpreted in a flexible manner to include not only the values ​​of the explicitly listed range limits, but also all individual values ​​or sub-ranges encompassed within the range, just as if each value and sub-range were explicitly listed. For illustration, a numerical range of "about 0.1% to 5%" should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly listed values ​​of about 0.1% to about 5%, but also individual values ​​(e.g., about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, and about 4%) and sub-ranges (e.g., about 0.5% to about 1.1%; about 5% to about 2.4%; about 0.5% to about 3.2% and about 0.5% to about 4.4% and other possible sub-ranges) within the indicated range.

[0031] As used herein, the term "effective amount" refers to an amount sufficient to achieve a desired change in the physical properties of a composition or material. For example, an "effective amount" of a monomer refers to an amount sufficient to achieve a desired improvement in the properties regulated by a formulation component (e.g., a desired reduction in fecal proteases). With respect to the weight percentage in the composition required for the effective amount, the specific level will depend on a variety of factors, including the form of the delivery vehicle, the composition, etc.

[0032] As used herein, the term "therapeutically effective amount" refers to an amount sufficient to achieve the desired therapeutic result or to have an effect on undesirable symptoms but generally not sufficient to cause adverse side effects. The specific therapeutically effective dosage level for any particular patient will depend on a variety of factors, including the condition being treated and the severity of the condition; the specific composition being used; the patient's age, weight, general health, sex and diet; the time of administration; the route of administration; the excretion rate of the specific compound being used; the duration of treatment; the drugs used in combination or simultaneously with the specific compound being used, and similar factors within the knowledge and expertise of the health practitioner, which may be well known in the medical field. In the case of treating a specific disease or condition, in some cases, the desired response may be to inhibit the progression of the disease or condition. This may only involve temporarily slowing the progression of the disease. The desired response to the treatment of a disease or condition may also be to delay the onset of the disease or condition, or even prevent the onset of the disease or condition.

[0033] The response to a therapeutically effective dose of the disclosed compositions can be measured by determining the physiological effect of the treatment or drug, such as a reduction or disappearance of dermatitis following administration of the composition. Other assays will be known to those of ordinary skill in the art and can be employed to measure the level of response. The amount of treatment can be varied, for example, by increasing or decreasing the amount of the disclosed composition, by changing the disclosed composition administered, by changing the route of administration, by changing the time, and the like.

[0034] As used herein, "prevent" or "preventing" means to exclude, avoid, eliminate, stop, stop or hinder something from happening, especially by taking action in advance. It should be understood that where reduce, inhibit or prevent are used herein, unless otherwise expressly stated, the use of the other two words is also expressly disclosed.

[0035] As used herein, the terms "optional" or "optionally" mean that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not occur.

[0036] As used interchangeably herein, "subject" or "patient" may refer to a vertebrate organism, such as a mammal (eg, a human). "Subject" may also refer to a cell, a cell population, a tissue, an organ, or an organism, preferably a human and its component parts.

[0037] As used herein, the term "treatment" and "treatment" may generally refer to obtaining a desired pharmacological and / or physiological effect. In terms of preventing or partially preventing a disease, symptom, or its condition (such as dermatitis), the effect may be preventive, but it does not necessarily have to be preventive. In terms of partially or completely curing a disease, condition, symptom, or an adverse reaction due to the disease, condition, or condition, the effect may be therapeutic. As used herein, the term "treatment" may include any treatment of a fecal enzyme-related condition or disease of a subject (especially a human), and may include any one or more of the following: (a) preventing the disease from occurring in a subject who may be susceptible to the disease but has not yet been diagnosed with the disease; (b) inhibiting the disease, that is, preventing its development; and (c) alleviating the disease, that is, alleviating or improving the disease and / or its symptoms or conditions. As used herein, the term "treatment" may refer to a single therapeutic treatment, a single preventive treatment, or both therapeutic and preventive treatments. People in need of treatment (subjects in need of treatment) may include people who already have a condition and / or people in need of preventing a condition. As used herein, the term "treating" can include inhibiting a disease, condition, or disorder, e.g., arresting its progression; as well as alleviating a disease, condition, or disorder, e.g., causing regression of the disease, condition, and / or disorder. Treating a disease, condition, or disorder can include ameliorating at least one symptom of a particular disease, condition, or disorder, even if the underlying pathophysiology is not affected.

[0038] As used herein, "dose" or "dosage" may refer to physically discrete units suitable for use with a subject, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of a disclosed compound and / or pharmaceutical composition thereof, the dose being calculated to produce the desired response associated with its administration.

[0039] As used herein, "postbiotics" refers to preparations of non-living microorganisms and / or their components that confer a health benefit on the host. Effective postbiotics contain inactivated microbial cells or cell components (with or without metabolites) that contribute to the production of observable health benefits.

[0040] As used herein, the term "absorbent article" refers to an article that can be placed against or near the wearer's body (i.e., adjacent to the body) to absorb and contain various liquid, solid, and semi-solid exudates discharged from the body. Such absorbent articles as described herein are intended to be discarded after a limited period of use rather than being washed or otherwise restored for reuse. It should be understood that the present disclosure is applicable to various disposable absorbent articles, including but not limited to diapers, diapers, training pants, older children's pants, swim trunks, feminine hygiene products (including but not limited to menstrual pads or menstrual pants), incontinence products and other adult care garments, medical garments, surgical pads and bandages, other personal care or health care garments, etc., without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0041] As used herein, "tissue product" refers to a product made from a primary web comprising fibers.

[0042] , and include bath towels, face towels, wet wipes, pre-moistened wiping products, cleaning and polishing pads and other similar products. Tissue products may include one, two, three or more plies. As used herein, the terms "tissue web" and "tissue sheet" refer to fibrous sheet materials suitable for forming tissue products.

[0043] Methods and compositions for inhibiting fecal enzyme activity

[0044] Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting the activity of one or more fecal enzymes by exposing the fecal enzymes to a postbiotic composition. Fecal enzymes, such as serine proteases and lipases, are direct irritants to the skin and may cause fecal enzyme-associated dermatitis. These irritations are enhanced by increased pH and increased bile salts. The combined effects of bile salts, fecal enzymes, and increased pH may cause skin inflammation and may lead to fecal enzyme-associated dermatitis, also known as "diaper dermatitis" or "diaper rash." This type of rash can occur on any skin (epidermal) surface exposed to fecal enzymes and is not limited to diaper wearers.

[0045] Therefore, disclosed herein is a method for preventing or reducing fecal enzyme-associated dermatitis in a subject in need thereof. The method comprises providing a postbiotic composition to the subject to inhibit the activity of one or more fecal enzymes. The concept of postbiotics is based on the observation that the beneficial effects of the microbiota are mediated by the secretion of various metabolites. Postbiotics include any substances released or produced by the metabolic activity of microorganisms, or inactivated microorganisms themselves, which are capable of directly or indirectly exerting beneficial effects on the host. Although postbiotics do not contain live microorganisms, they exhibit beneficial health effects through similar mechanisms characteristic of probiotics.

[0046] In various embodiments, the postbiotic compositions disclosed herein include yeast lysate. For example, the yeast lysate can be derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0047] Postbiotics can be obtained by inactivating live microorganisms. For example, thermal treatments such as pasteurization, batch sterilization or autoclaving can be used. Non-thermal inactivation techniques such as electric fields, ultrasound, high voltage, X-rays, ionizing radiation, high voltage discharge, pulsed light, magnetic field heating, moderate magnetic fields or plasma technology can also be used. Spray drying is a method of producing dry powders by rapidly drying a liquid or slurry using hot gases. Microbial inactivation can be achieved using spray drying or freeze drying in combination with high inlet and / or outlet temperatures. Other drying techniques, such as vacuum and fluidized bed drying, can also be used to inactivate cultures. Lysates containing inactivated cells, such as yeast lysates, can be obtained. Examples of postbiotic preparations are known to those skilled in the art and can be found in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2022 / 0096571Al and Moradi et al. (Moradi M, Molaei R, Guimaraes JT. A review on preparation and chemical analysis of postbiotics from lactic acid bacteria. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2021 Feb; 143: 109722. doi: 10.1016 / j.enzmictec.2020.109722), both of which are incorporated herein by reference for their teachings on postbiotic preparations.

[0048] In addition to postbiotics, various embodiments of the compositions disclosed herein may further include one or more amino acids. For example, additional amino acids may include alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, selenocysteine ​​and / or pyrrolysine. In a specific embodiment, the postbiotic composition particularly includes one or more of valine, threonine, glutamic acid and glycine. The postbiotic composition may further include disodium succinate.

[0049] In certain embodiments, the postbiotic composition disclosed herein may include a commercial formula obtained as "OXY 229PF", which is manufactured by DSM Nutritional Products AG (DSM Nutritional Products SA / DSM Nutritional Products Ltd) in Switzerland. OXY 229PF is a light yellow, transparent, aqueous cosmetic product containing low cytoplasmic and mitochondrial components extracted from a yeast culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and amino acids. OXY 229PF is preserved with 0.9% phenoxyethanol. Other properties of OXY 229PF can be found in Table 2 below.

[0050] OXY 229PF may be present in the postbiotic composition at a concentration between 0.5% and 10.0%. 229PF can be used at 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 1.05%, 1.1%, 1.15%, 1.2%, 1.25%, 1.3%, 1.35%, 1.4%, 1.45%, 1.5%, 1.55%, 1.6%, 1.65%, 1.7%, 1.75%, 1.8%, 1.85%, 1.9%, 1.95%, 2%, 2.05%, 2.1%, 2.15%, 2.2%, 2.25%, 2.3%, 2.35%, 2.4%, 2.45%, 2.5%, 2.55%, 2. 6%, 2.65%, 2.7%, 2.75%, 2.8%, 2.85%, 2.9%, 2.95%, 3%, 3.05%, 3.1%, 3.15%, 3.2%, 3.25%, 3.3%, 3.35%, 3.4%, 3.45%, 3.5%, 3.55%, 3.6%, 3.65%, 3.7%, 3.75%, 3.8%, 3.85%, 3.9%, 3.95%, 4%, 4.05%, 4.1%, 4.15%, 4.2%, 4.25%, 4.3%, 4.35%, 4.4%, 4.45%, 4.5%, 4.55%, 4.6%, 4.65%, 4.7%, 4.75%, 4 .8%, 4.85%, 4.9%, 4.95%, 5%, 5.05%, 5.1%, 5.15%, 5.2%, 5.25%, 5.3%, 5.35%, 5.4%, 5.45%, 5.5%, 5.55%, 5.6%, 5.65%, 5.7%, 5.75%, 5.8%, 5.85%, 5.9%, 5.95%, 6%, 6.05%, 6.1%, 6.15%, 6.2%, 6.25%, 6.3%, 6.35%, 6.4%, 6.45%, 6.5%, 6.55%, 6.6%, 6.65%, 6.7%, 6.75%, 6.8%, 6.85%, 6.9%, 6.95%, 7%, 7.05%, 7.1%, 7.15%, 7.2%, 7.25%, 7.3%, 7.35%, 7.4%, 7.45%, 7.5%, 7.55%, 7.6%, 7.65%, 7.7%, 7.75%, 7.8%, 7.85%, 7.9%, 7.95%, 8%, 8.05%, 8.1%, 8.15%, 8.2%, 8.25%, 8.3%, 8.35%, 8.4%, 8.45%, 8.5%, 8.55%, 8.6%, 8.65%, 8.7%, 8.75%, 8.8%, 8.85%, 8.9%, 8.95%, 9%, 9.05%, 9.1%, 9.15%, 9.2%, 9.25%, 9.3%, 9.35%, 9.4%, 9.45%, 9.5%, 9.55%, 9.6%, 9.65%, 9.7%, 9.75%, 9.8%, 9.85%, 9.9%, 9.95% or 10.0% (by weight), or any amount greater than, less than or between these values.

[0065] According to various embodiments, the postbiotic composition (e.g., OXY 229PF) can be placed directly on the skin of a subject in need thereof in the form of a cream, lotion, powder, or other substance. As an alternative, the postbiotic composition (e.g., OXY 229PF) can be applied to the subject via a tissue product. As another alternative, the postbiotic composition (e.g., OXY 229PF) can be placed directly on an absorbent article (e.g., a diaper), as described below.

[0066] The postbiotic compositions disclosed herein can reduce the activity of one or more fecal enzymes by 10% or more compared to a control. Thus, the postbiotic compositions can reduce the activity of one or more fecal enzymes by 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, 101%, 102%, 103%, 104%, 105%, 106%, 107%, 108%, 109%, 110%, 111 %, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%. For example, the amount of the serine protease present in the in vitro sample or on the sample area (such as skin patch) of the experimenter can be reduced by 10% or more. For in vitro samples, the activity of the fecal enzyme inhibitory enzyme against the -a-benzoyl-DL-arginine-4-nitroanilide (BAPNA) substrate can be measured (see Example 1). In an in vivo example, the activity can be measured by taking a sample of the amount of serine protease present before exposure to the postbiotic composition, or the activity can be compared to a control with a similar starting amount of serine protease but without the postbiotic composition applied. Those skilled in the art will readily understand how to use controls to compare results.

[0073] Because the postbiotic compositions herein can reduce fecal enzyme activity, it is also reasonable to expect that the postbiotic compositions disclosed herein can reduce fecal enzyme-related dermatitis by 1% or more compared to a control. Thus, the postbiotic compositions can reduce fecal enzyme-related dermatitis by 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, 101%, 102%, 103%, 104%, 105%, 106%, 107%, 108%, 109%, 110%, 11 %, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%. For example, the amount of feces protease-associated dermatitis present in the sample area (such as skin patch) of the experimenter can be reduced by 1% or more. This amount can be measured by taking a sample of the amount of serine protease present prior to exposure to the postbiotic composition, or the activity can be compared to a control having a similar starting amount of serine protease but without the postbiotic composition applied. One skilled in the art will readily understand how to use a control to compare results.

[0080] So-called "reduced activity" means reducing the enzymatic activity of fecal enzymes so that the ability to irritate the skin, cause dermatitis or penetrate the skin barrier is reduced compared to the control. In an in vitro environment, this can mean that the measurable activity of fecal enzymes is reduced. In an in vitro environment, such as on the skin surface of a subject who has been exposed to fecal enzymes, this can mean a reduction in symptoms or symptom severity associated with fecal enzyme exposure (e.g., redness, pain, swelling, rash size, rash severity, or any other symptom associated with fecal enzyme-related dermatitis).

[0081] The postbiotic compositions disclosed herein can also prevent fecal enzyme-associated dermatitis compared to a control in which the subject is not exposed to the postbiotic composition. By "prevent" is meant that a subject who had no measurable symptoms of fecal enzyme-associated dermatitis prior to exposure to the postbiotic composition and one or more fecal enzymes is prevented from developing symptoms by at least 10% compared to a control exposed to the fecal enzymes but not the postbiotic composition. Thus, the postbiotic composition can prevent or reduce symptoms of diaper dermatitis in a subject by 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48% , 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%. For example, a subject who does not show signs of fecal enzyme associated dermatitis can be administered a postbiotic composition in the presence of fecal enzymes and still not show any signs of fecal enzyme associated dermatitis. This can be compared to a control that did not receive the postbiotic composition but was exposed to a similar amount of fecal enzymes (because the subject did not receive the postbiotic composition). The symptoms of diaper dermatitis in a subject who received the postbiotic composition can be reduced by at least 10% compared to a subject who did not receive the postbiotic composition.

[0090] As discussed above, it is expected that fecal enzymes can be serine proteases. Serine proteases (or serine endopeptidases) are enzymes that cut peptide bonds in proteins. Serine is a nucleophilic amino acid at the enzyme active site. They are ubiquitous in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. According to the structure, serine proteases can be divided into two major categories: chymotrypsin-like (or trypsin-like) or subtilisin-like. Trypsin-like proteases cut peptide bonds along positively charged amino acids (lysine or arginine). This specificity is driven by the residues (usually negatively charged aspartic acid or glutamic acid) located at the bottom of the enzyme S1 pocket. The S1 pocket of the chymotrypsin-like enzyme is more hydrophobic than the trypsin-like protease. This produces specificity for medium to large hydrophobic residues (such as tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan).

[0091] Additional components can be added to the fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure to provide additional skin health benefits. For example, the postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may also include one or more emulsifying surfactants (including water-in-oil emulsifying surfactants). The surfactant incorporates lipids (fats, oils, sterols and sterol derivatives, etc.) and other (emollient) components of the composition into the fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition. By emulsifying the lipids and other components into the composition, the surfactant helps deliver the lipids and other beneficial compounds to the skin barrier. Emulsifying surfactants are commonly used in cosmetic preparations to form emulsions of various components. An immiscible phase (such as oil) is dispersed in a continuous phase (such as water or a solvent) in the form of droplets.

[0092] Suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to, emulsifying wax NF, glyceryl stearate SE, ethylene glycol stearate SE, glyceryl polyether-20 stearate, hydroxystearin, glyceryl laurate SE, glyceryl oleate SE, propylene glycol oleate SE, propylene glycol stearate SE, sorbitan stearate, water-dispersible metal soap (sodium stearate), polyoxyl 25 hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyl 75 sorbitan lanolin derivative, polyoxyl 50 lanolin derivative The surfactants of the composition may also be characterized as having a combined HLB in the range of greater than 7. Therefore, one or more surfactants may be selected for the postbiotic composition, and their combined HLB will be in the range of greater than 7. The postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may include about 1% to about 20% by weight of one or more emulsifying surfactants having a combined HLB in the range of greater than 7. More specifically, the postbiotic composition may include about 2% to about 15% by weight of a surfactant. Ideally, the postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may include about 3% to about 10% by weight of a surfactant. In certain aspects, the surfactant may be a minimum amount of at least about 1% by weight. Alternatively, the surfactant may be at least about 2% by weight of the postbiotic composition, and optionally, may be at least about 3% by weight of the postbiotic composition. In other aspects, the surfactant may not exceed a maximum amount of about 20% by weight of the postbiotic composition. Alternatively, the surfactant may not exceed about 15% by weight of the postbiotic composition, and optionally, may not exceed about 10% by weight of the postbiotic composition.

[0093] The fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present invention may also include fats and oils, which provide a source of essential and non-essential fatty acids similar to those present in the natural barrier of the skin. Fats and oils include compounds of fats, oils, essential oils, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, phospholipids, and mixtures of these compounds. Fats and oils include oils derived from plants and animal sources. Similarly, essential oils include essential oils derived from plant sources. Those skilled in the art will understand that all compounds that are generally considered to have the structure of fats, oils, essential oils, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and phospholipids or to function as they can be used as natural fat or oil components of the postbiotic composition of the present invention. Although an exhaustive list of each and every fat and oil that can be used in the postbiotic composition of the present invention is not provided, those skilled in the art will understand and recognize that individual compounds that can be used as fat or oil components of the postbiotic composition of the present invention.

[0094] Representative examples of fats and oils include, but are not limited to, avocado oil, apricot oil, babassu oil, borage oil, camellia oil, canola oil, castor oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, evening primrose oil, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, maleated soybean oil, meadowfoam oil, palm kernel oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, sphingolipids, sweet almond oil, tall oil, lanolin, lanolin alcohol, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, rose hip oil, calendula oil, chamomile oil, eucalyptus oil, juniper oil, sandalwood oil, tea tree oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil. Another fat / oil suitable for use in the postbiotic composition of the present disclosure is PROLIPID 141 blend available from International Specialty Products, Wayne, NJ. PROLIPID 141 blend is a mixture of glyceryl stearate, fatty acids, fatty alcohols and phospholipids.

[0095] To help supplement skin barrier protection and enhancement agents, the postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may include fats and oils in an amount of about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the postbiotic composition, ideally about 0.5% to about 25% by weight, and more ideally about 1% to about 20% by weight. In certain aspects, fats and oils may be a minimum amount of at least about 0.1% by weight. Alternatively, fats and oils may be at least about 0.5% by weight of the postbiotic composition, and optionally, may be at least about 1% by weight of the postbiotic composition. In other aspects, fats and oils may not exceed a maximum amount of about 30% by weight of the postbiotic composition. Alternatively, fats and oils may not exceed about 25% by weight of the postbiotic composition, and optionally, may not exceed about 20% by weight of the postbiotic composition.

[0096] The fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may also include sterols and sterol derivatives, which are combined with natural fats / oils to provide natural skin barrier enhancement and skin barrier restoration. Sterols and sterol derivatives that can be used in the postbiotic composition of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to: P-sterols with a tail at position 17 and no polar groups, for example, cholesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol and ergosterol, and C10-C30 cholesterol / lanosterol esters, cholecalciferol, hydroxystearate cholesterol ester, isostearate cholesterol ester, stearate cholesterol ester, 7-dehydrocholesterol, dihydrocholesterol, octyldecanoate dihydrocholesterol ester, dihydrolanosterol, octyldecanoate dihydrolanosterol ester, ergocalciferol, tall oil sterol, soy sterol acetate, lanosterol, soy sterol, avocado sterol, "AVOCADIN" (a trade name of Croda Ltd., Parsippany, NJ), sterol esters and similar compounds and mixtures thereof. The postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may include sterols, sterol derivatives, or a mixture of sterols and sterol derivatives in an amount of about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the postbiotic composition, ideally about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, and more ideally about 0.8% to about 3% by weight. In certain aspects, sterols may be a minimum amount of at least about 0.1% by weight. Alternatively, sterols may be at least about 0.5% by weight of the postbiotic composition, and optionally, may be at least about 0.8% by weight of the postbiotic composition. In other aspects, sterols may not exceed a maximum amount of about 10% by weight of the postbiotic composition. Alternatively, sterols may not exceed about 5% by weight of the postbiotic composition, and optionally, may not exceed about 3% by weight of the postbiotic composition.

[0097] In order to provide improved stability and transfer to the wearer's skin, the fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may include one or more emollients. The emollient of the postbiotic composition can be used as a lubricant to reduce the friction of the absorbent article on the skin, and after transfer to the skin, it helps to maintain the soft, smooth and flexible appearance of the skin. In general, an emollient is a skin conditioning ingredient that helps soften the skin, smooth the skin, plasticize the skin, lubricate the skin, moisturize the skin, improve the appearance of the skin, improve the touch of the skin, and protect the skin. The fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may include one or more emollients of about 0.1% by weight to about 10% by weight. More specifically, the postbiotic composition may include about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight of an emollient. Even more specifically, the postbiotic composition may include about 1% by weight to about 5% by weight of an emollient. In a particular aspect, the emollient may be a minimum amount of at least about 0.1% by weight. Alternatively, the emollient may be at least about 0.5% by weight of the postbiotic composition, and optionally, may be at least about 1% by weight of the postbiotic composition. In other aspects, the emollient may not exceed a maximum amount of about 10% by weight of the postbiotic composition. Alternatively, the emollient may not exceed about 5% by weight of the postbiotic composition.

[0098] Suitable emollients include petroleum-based oils, petrolatum, vegetable oils, mineral oils, alkyl dimethicones, alkyl methicones, alkyl dimethicone copolyols, phenyl silicones, alkyl trimethyl silanes, dimethicone, lanolin and its derivatives, esters, glyceryl esters and its derivatives, propylene glycol esters and its derivatives, alkoxylated carboxylic acids, alkoxylated alcohols, fatty alcohols, and mixtures of these compounds.

[0099] The fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may also include emollients and skin protectants, polydimethylsiloxane. Polydimethylsiloxane can be blended with other components of the postbiotic composition by adding a water-based emulsion containing polydimethylsiloxane (such as an emulsion with the trade name "Dow Corning 1669 emulsion" and "Dow Corning 1664 emulsion" from Dow Corning of Midland, Mich.). Polydimethylsiloxane can also be blended with microencapsulated polydimethylsiloxane (such as those from Lipo Technologies, Dayton, Ohio or 3M, St.Paul, Minn.). Polydimethylsiloxane can also be added to the postbiotic composition of the present disclosure in the form of embedded polydimethylsiloxane. Polydimethylsiloxane can be embedded in "Polytrap" or "Microsponges" from Advanced Polymer Systems, SanFrancisco, Calif. Dimethicone may also be added in the form of a dimethicone-treated powder such as dimethicone-treated talc or dimethicone-treated zinc oxide available from KOBO, South Plainfield, NJ.

[0100] Optionally, the fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may include about 1% by weight to about 20% by weight of one or more viscosity enhancers. The viscosity enhancer may be added to increase the melting point viscosity of the postbiotic composition. Increasing the melting point viscosity may provide the postbiotic composition with better stability on the body-facing material of the article. The viscosity enhancer may also improve the stability of the postbiotic composition at a "hot box car" stabilization temperature of about 130°F (54.5°C). The viscosity enhancer may increase the melting point viscosity of the postbiotic composition so that it has a high viscosity (greater than about 50,000 centipoise) at low shear, a "hot box car" stabilization temperature of about 54.5°C, and low temperatures. Having viscosity at high temperatures prevents the postbiotic composition from migrating into or out of the material to which it is applied. However, the viscosity enhancer component also provides the postbiotic composition with a low shear viscosity (less than about 5,000 centipoise) under processing conditions. Typically, the processing temperature is about 5°C higher than the melting point of the postbiotic composition. Generally speaking, the processing temperature is about 60°C or higher. Different postbiotic compositions of the present disclosure will have different melting points. The viscosity enhancers of the present disclosure are capable of maintaining the viscosity of the postbiotic compositions of the present disclosure at temperatures up to slightly below the desired processing temperature for a given composition.

[0101] Suitable viscosity enhancing agents may include, but are not limited to, acrylamide copolymers, agar, gelatin, water dispersible metal soaps, butoxy chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, calcium alginate, carbomer, carboxybutyl chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan, carboxymethyl dextran, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose gum, DMAPA acrylate / acrylic acid / acryloyl nitrogen, hectorite, hydrated silica, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl guar gum, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, isobutylene / sodium maleate copolymer, giant kelp, lithium magnesium silicate, lithium sodium magnesium silicate, magnesium alumina silicate, montmorillonite, organically modified clays, magnesium / aluminum / hydroxide / carbonate, magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, magnesium trisilicate, methoxy PEG-22 / dodecyl glycol copolymer, methylcellulose, methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, montmorillonite, nonoxynol hydroxyethylcellulose, PEG crosspolymer, polyacrylate-3, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene / isopropyl maleate copolymer, polymethacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, PVP / decene copolymer, PVP montmorillonite, sodium acrylate copolymer, sodium acrylate / vinyl alcohol copolymer, sodium acrylate / vinyl isodecanoate crosspolymer, partially cross-linked polyacrylic acid polymer, sodium carboxymethyl starch, sodium hydroxypropyl starch phosphate, sodium polyacrylate, TEA alginate, TEA carbomer, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, yeast polysaccharide and mixtures thereof.

[0102] The fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may also include one or more rheology modifiers or suspending agents to prevent separation of the postbiotic composition components during processing. The various components of the postbiotic composition (including those that may exist in the form of particles or those that may exist in the form of emulsion droplets) are prone to "sedimentation" during the processing of the postbiotic composition, especially when the equipment is shut down. It has been found that the rheology modifier of the present disclosure can increase the viscosity of the postbiotic composition at the processing temperature and prevent the sedimentation of the denser components in the postbiotic composition. Rheology modifiers can also play this advantage even under low shear conditions. The fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may include about 0.5% by weight to about 10% by weight of rheology modifier. Suitable rheology modifiers can be selected from natural clays, synthetic analogs of natural clays, alginates, starches, natural gums, and mixtures of these compounds. Natural clays include montmorillonite, bentonite, beidellite, hectorite, saponite, stevensite, magnesium aluminum silicate, and similar clays. Synthetic analogs of natural clays, such as LAPONITE synthetic clay available from Southern Clay Products, Inc., Gonzales, Tex., can also be used to provide rheological benefits to the postbiotic compositions of the present disclosure.

[0103] The fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may include an emollient component. Suitable emollients that may be incorporated into the postbiotic composition of the present disclosure include oils, such as petroleum-based oils, petrolatum, plant-based oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, animal oils, hydrogenated animal oils, mineral oils, natural or synthetic oils, alkyl dimethicone, alkyl dimethicone, alkyl dimethicone copolyols, phenyl silicones, siliconized waxes, alkyl trimethyl silanes, dimethicone, lanolin and its derivatives, esters, branched esters, glycerides and derivatives, propylene glycol esters and derivatives, alkoxylated carboxylic acids, alkoxylated alcohols, fatty alcohols, triglycerides, hydroxystearate alkyl esters, and mixtures of these compounds. Esters may be selected from palmitic acid hexadecyl ester, palmitic acid stearyl ester, stearic acid hexadecyl ester, isopropyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, behenic acid behenyl ester, behenic acid stearyl ester, fumaric acid C 12 -C 15 Alkyl esters, C20-C40 alkyl behenate, dibehenyl fumarate, branched esters and mixtures thereof. Ethers such as eucalyptol, cetearyl glucoside, dimethyl isosorbide polyglyceryl-3 hexadecyl ether, polyglyceryl-3 decyl tetradecyl alcohol, propylene glycol myristyl ether and mixtures thereof can also be used as emollients. Fatty alcohols include octyldodecanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol, C24 and higher fatty alcohols and mixtures thereof. For example, a particularly suitable emollient is petrolatum. Other conventional emollients can also be added in a manner that maintains the desired properties of the postbiotic composition described herein.

[0104] In order to provide improved stability and transfer to the wearer's skin, the fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may include about 1% by weight to about 95% by weight, ideally about 20% by weight to about 75% by weight, and more ideally about 40% by weight to about 60% by weight of an emollient. In particular aspects, the emollient may be a minimum amount of at least about 1% by weight. Alternatively, the emollient may be at least about 20%, optionally, at least about 40%, to provide improved performance. In other aspects, the emollient may not exceed a maximum amount of about 95% by weight. Alternatively, the emollient may not exceed about 75%, optionally, may not exceed about 60%, to provide improved effectiveness. In some cases, a postbiotic composition comprising an amount of emollient greater than the recited amount may have a lower viscosity, which may cause the composition to migrate undesirably. Postbiotic compositions comprising an amount of emollient less than the recited amount tend to provide less transfer to the wearer's skin.

[0105] The fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may also include one or more curing agents. The curing agent of the present disclosure mainly serves to solidify the composition so that the postbiotic composition is solid at room temperature and has a penetration hardness of at least 5 mm and a melting point of at least 32°C. The curing agent may also provide viscosity to the composition, thereby improving transfer by adhering to the wearer's skin. Depending on the selected curing agent, the curing agent may also change the transfer mode so that the postbiotic composition tends to break or peel off rather than actually rubbed onto the wearer's skin, which can improve transfer to the skin. The coagulant may also act as an emollient, an occlusive agent, a moisturizer, a barrier enhancer, a viscosity enhancer, and combinations thereof. The curing agent may include waxes and compounds having wax functions.

[0106] The curing agent may be selected from alkyl siloxanes, polymers, hydrogenated vegetable oils having a melting point of 35°C or higher, fatty acid esters and branched esters having a melting point of 35°C or higher, alkyl hydroxy stearates (>C16), alkoxylated alcohols, and alkoxylated carboxylic acids. In addition, the curing agent may be selected from animal waxes, vegetable waxes, and mineral waxes, synthetic waxes, and alkyl silicones. Examples of curing agents include, but are not limited to, the following: alkyl silicones, alkyl trimethyl silanes, beeswax, behenyl behenate, behenyl benzoate, C 24 -C 28 Alkyl dimethicone, C30 alkyl dimethicone, hexadecyl dimethicone, stearyl dimethicone, hexadecyl dimethicone, stearyl dimethicone, crotonyl dimethicone, candelilla wax, palm wax, synthetic palm wax, PEG-12 palm wax, cerasin, hydrogenated microcrystalline wax, jojoba wax, microcrystalline wax, lanolin wax, ozokerite, paraffin, synthetic paraffin, hexadecyl esters, behenyl behenate, C 20 -C 40 Alkyl behenate, C 12 -C 15 Lactic acid ester, cetyl palmitate, stearyl palmitate, isosteryl behenate, lauryl behenate, stearyl benzoate, behenyl isostearate, cetyl myristate, cetyl octanoate, cetyl oleate, cetyl ricinoleate, cetyl stearate, decyl oleate, di-C fumarate 12 -C 15Alkyl esters, dibehenyl fumarate, myristyl lactate, myristyl lignoceryl, myristyl myristate, myristyl stearate, lauryl stearate, octyldodecyl stearate, octyldodecyl stearate, oleyl arachidate, oleyl stearate, tridecyl behenate, tridecyl stearate, tridecyl stearate, pentaerythrityl tetrabehenate, pentaerythrityl hydrogenated rosinate, pentaerythrityl distearate, pentaerythrityl tetrarosinate, pentaerythrityl tetracocoate, pentaerythrityl tetrapelargonate, pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrogenated squalene, hydrogenated coconut oil, hydrogenated jojoba oil, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, hydrogenated olive oil, polyamide, metal stearates and other metal soaps, C 30 -C 60 Fatty alcohol, C 20 + Fatty amide, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutane, polybutylene terephthalate, polydipentane, polypropylene, zinc stearate, lauryl laurate, stearyl palmitate, stearyl palmitate, stearyl behenate, behenyl octanoate, myristyl behenate, hexadecyl eicosyl ester, shellac wax, glycol montanate, fluorinated wax, stearic acid C 20 -C 40 Alkyl hydroxy stearyl esters and mixtures of these compounds. Suitable branched esters include tetradecyl-octadecyl behenate and hexadecyl-eicosyl hexadecanoate. In one aspect, the curing agent is a blend comprising about 70% by weight of horn wax, about 10% by weight of microcrystalline wax, about 10% by weight of paraffin wax and about 10% by weight of hexadecyl esters (synthetic spermaceti).

[0107] Suitable curing agents also include alkylmethylsiloxanes, which can be described as non-volatile, closed silicone-aliphatic hydrocarbon mixed waxes. An example of an alkylmethylsiloxane wax is poly(n-alkylmethylsiloxane)dimethylsiloxane. Poly(n-alkylmethylsiloxane)dimethylsiloxane can have an average of 16 carbon atoms or more n-alkyl substituents, and an average of more than 2 alkyl groups per molecule, a hydrocarbon content of at least 40%, and an average molecular weight of at least 1800 or more. Examples of desirable alkylmethylsiloxanes suitable for the postbiotic composition of the present disclosure include random copolymers having the formula:

[0108] The "R" component of the formula may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon substituent, wherein the chain length is C4 to C 45 Specifically, "R" can be C 16 , C 16-18 , C 20-24 or C 30-45 For example, C 30-45 alkyl methyl siloxane is commercially available from General Electric Silicones under the trade name "SF1642" or under the trade name "AMS-C 30 ” is commercially available from Dow Corning Silicones. The value of “x” is, on average, greater than 2, and the value of “y” is at least 1. The properties of an alkyl methyl siloxane can be a balance between its compatibility with polydimethylsiloxane or dimethicone and its compatibility with organic compounds such as petrolatum and waxes. For example, as “x” increases, “y” decreases, and “R” is smaller, the molecule’s compatibility with polydimethylsiloxane increases, but its compatibility with organic compounds decreases. Alternatively, as “x” decreases, “y” increases, and “R” is C 18+ , the compatibility of the molecule with polydimethylsiloxane is reduced, but its compatibility with organic compounds is increased. These curing agents can be used to stabilize the polydimethylsiloxane-containing composition of the present disclosure.

[0109] In order to provide improved transfer to the wearer's skin, the postbiotic composition may include about 5% to about 95% by weight, ideally about 25% to about 75% by weight, and more ideally about 30% to about 50% by weight of a curing agent. In certain aspects, the curing agent may be a minimum amount of at least about 5% by weight. Alternatively, the curing agent may be at least about 25%, optionally, at least about 30%, to provide improved performance. In other aspects, the curing agent may not exceed a maximum amount of about 95% by weight. Alternatively, the curing agent may not exceed about 75%, optionally, may not exceed about 50%, to provide improved effectiveness. In some cases, a composition comprising an amount of curing agent less than the recited amount may be too soft and may have a lower viscosity, which may undesirably cause the composition to migrate from the body-facing surface 11 of the absorbent article, thereby reducing transfer to the wearer's skin. Compositions comprising an amount of curing agent greater than the recited amount tend to provide less transfer to the wearer's skin.

[0110] The fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may include one or more extracted plant actives. The extracted plant actives of the postbiotic composition are extracts containing chemical "active" components of various plants and plant materials. The extracted plant actives are combined with other components of the postbiotic composition to provide several beneficial effects to the skin, especially the skin that is often covered by absorbent articles and exposed to biological contamination. The extracted plant actives may include any water-soluble or oil-soluble actives extracted from a specific plant. Examples of suitable extracted plant actives are actives extracted from the following plants: Echinacea, yucca glauca, willowherb, basil leaves, Cuban basil, sweet basil, broad-leaved lavender, lavender, carambola (arkin), avocado GW, western rose, Turkish oregano, carrot root, grapefruit fruit, fennel fruit, rosemary, thyme, blueberry, bell pepper, black tea, blackberry, blackcurrant fruit, cat's claw, tea oil (cemila oleifera), coffee seed, Chinese tea, dandelion root, date palm fruit, garcinia, valley oak, ginkgo leaf, green tea polyphenols (i.e., including epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate), hawthorn berry, hexaplantrichter, specialty hibiscus, cilantro, licorice, oolong tea, sage, strawberry, sweet pea, tomato, vanilla fruit, neohesperidin, quercetin, rutin, morin, myricetin, chlorogenic acid, glutathione, glycyrrhizin, absinthe, arnica, centella asiatica, chamomile and its components (i.e., alpha-bisabolol), comfrey, cornflower, grape seed and its components (i.e., proanthocyanidins), horse chestnut, ivy (Herdera helix), magnolia, milk thistle, mimosa, oat extract, pansy, phytexcell arnica, phytoplenolin, St. John's wort, sage GW, special sage, sedaplant richter, skullcap, sea buckthorn, white nettle, white tea, witch hazel, yarrow, and any combination thereof. Particularly beneficial effects have been observed for postbiotic compositions, including echinacea, yucca, willowherb, grape seed and its components (i.e., proanthocyanidins), green tea, white tea, black tea, oolong tea, Chinese tea, tea components, and mixtures of such compounds. Echinacea actives can be obtained from the following Echinacea species: Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea purpurea, and Echinacea pallida. Varieties of black tea include floral orange pekoe, golden floral orange pekoe, and fine golden floral orange pekoe. Varieties of green tea include Japanese green tea, Darjeeling green tea, apple green tea, black currant green tea, cranberry green tea, grapefruit green tea and sweet orange green tea.

[0111] The fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may include about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of one or more extracted plant actives. More specifically, the postbiotic composition may include about 0.5% to about 8% by weight of one or more extracted plant actives. Even more specifically, the postbiotic composition includes about 1% to about 5% by weight of extracted plant actives. In particular aspects, the extracted plant actives may be a minimum amount of at least about 0.1% by weight. Alternatively, the extracted plant actives may be at least about 0.5% by weight of the postbiotic composition, and optionally, may be at least about 1% by weight of the postbiotic composition. In other aspects, the extracted plant actives may not exceed a maximum amount of about 15% by weight of the postbiotic composition. Alternatively, the extracted plant actives may not exceed about 8% by weight of the postbiotic composition, and optionally, may not exceed about 5% by weight of the postbiotic composition. Plant matter is primarily an extract of the plant from which they are derived, and the plant matter may be obtained from a supplier as part of a composition that additionally contains an extraction solvent. The amount of plant matter in the postbiotic composition of the present disclosure can be in the range of about 0.000001% to about 15% by weight based on the active component (non-extract). Ideally, the amount of active plant matter is about 0.00001% to about 5% by weight of the postbiotic composition, more ideally about 0.0001% to about 1% by weight. In addition, it is also ideal that the amount of active plant matter is about 0.0001% to about 0.5% by weight of the postbiotic composition, more ideally about 0.001% to about 0.1% by weight of the postbiotic composition.

[0112] Extracted botanical actives are available from a variety of suppliers. For example, echinacea extract is available from Bio-Botanica, Hauppauge, NY. Yucca extract is available from Brooks, South Plainfield, NJ. Canadian willowherb is available from Fytokem Products, Saskatchewan, Canada. Borage seed oil is available from Loders Croklaan, England. Green tea concentrate or extract (solid), green tea extract (liquid), grape seed extract (solid), and white tea 50% (solid) are available from Symrise, formerly DRAGOCO (Totowa, NJ). The actual percentage of active botanicals in an extract composition is generally a property of the supplier of the extract.

[0113] If it is desired that the postbiotic composition of the present disclosure provides skin treatment, the postbiotic composition of the present disclosure may also include active ingredients, such as diaper rash skin protectants. Skin protectants are pharmaceutical products that protect injured or exposed skin or mucosal surfaces from harmful or troublesome irritants. In addition to those active ingredients mentioned above as suitable emollients, suitable active ingredients that can be incorporated into the postbiotic composition include, but are not limited to, allantoin and its derivatives, aloe vera, aluminum hydroxide gel, calamine, cocoa butter, polydimethylsiloxane, cod liver oil, kaolin and its derivatives, lanolin and its derivatives, mineral oil, petrolatum, shark liver oil, talc, topical starch, zinc acetate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, and mixtures thereof. The postbiotic composition may include about 0.10% by weight to about 85% by weight of active ingredients, depending on the skin protectant, the amount desired to be transferred to the skin, and the amount required in the specific FDA skin protectant monograph.

[0114] To better enhance the benefits to the wearer, other ingredients may be incorporated into the fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition of the present disclosure. For example, the categories of ingredients that may be used and their corresponding benefits include, but are not limited to: defoamers (reducing the tendency to foam during processing); antimicrobial actives; antifungal actives; preservative actives; antioxidants (product integrity); antioxidants-cosmetics (reducing oxidation); astringents-cosmetics (causing a feeling of skin tightness or stinging); astringents-pharmaceuticals (pharmaceutical products that prevent oozing, bleeding, hemorrhage and act by coagulating proteins when applied to the skin or mucous membranes); biological additives (enhancing the performance or consumer appeal of the product); colorants (giving color to the product); deodorants (reducing or eliminating unpleasant odors and preventing the formation of malodors on the surface of the body); other emollients (helping to maintain the skin's soft, smooth and pliable appearance by remaining on the skin surface or in the stratum corneum as a lubricant, reducing peeling and improving the appearance of the skin skin moisturizing ingredients (protective, water-resistant, lubricating, softening); oils (mineral, vegetable and animal); natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) and other skin moisturizing ingredients known in the art; opacifiers (reduce the clarity or transparent appearance of the product); powders (enhance lubricity, oil absorption, provide skin protection, astringency, opacity, etc.); skin conditioners; solvents (liquids used to dissolve useful components in cosmetics or drugs); and surfactants (act as cleansing agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers and suspending agents).

[0115] Prior to administration of the fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition, the subject may have been diagnosed with fecal enzyme-associated dermatitis or other fecal enzyme-associated conditions or diseases. For example, a doctor or other caregiver may provide such a diagnosis. In another example, the subject may have been diagnosed as susceptible to fecal enzyme-associated dermatitis. In another example, the subject may use the postbiotic composition as a preventative or a way to prevent dermatitis. The methods and compositions disclosed herein can be used as a regular part of health or can be used as needed.

[0116] The fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition disclosed herein can be applied topically. For example, a prebiotic preparation can be placed on an absorbent article or integrated into an absorbent article (discussed in detail below). The postbiotic preparation can be placed on or in the product before the product reaches the end user so that the preparation is integrated into the product before the product reaches the subject, or can be placed on the product immediately before the subject uses it. In this case, the preparation can be placed on a substrate in the form of a spray, lotion, cream, soap, liquid, or gel. In either case, the use of an absorbent article coated with a postbiotic preparation can provide contact between the epidermis and the postbiotic composition, so that the target area is contacted with an effective amount of the composition.

[0117] The postbiotic composition of the present disclosure can be applied to a suitable substrate, which in turn can be used to apply the therapeutic agent to the user. Suitable application devices include fiber webs, such as wet-laid tissue webs or air-laid fiber webs, gauze, cotton swabs, transdermal patches, containers or retainers. Particularly preferred application devices include fiber webs, including washable and non-washable cellulose webs and non-woven fiber webs of synthetic fiber materials. Available fiber webs can be wet-laid fiber webs, air-laid fiber webs, melt-blown fiber webs or spunbond fiber webs. Suitable synthetic fiber materials include melt-blown polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of polyethylene and polypropylene, bicomponent fibers comprising polyethylene or polypropylene, and the like. Available nonwoven fiber webs can be melt-blown fiber webs, spun fiber webs, spunbond fiber webs, air-laid fiber webs, spunlace nonwoven fiber webs, spunlace fiber webs or bonded combed fiber webs.

[0118] In certain embodiments, particularly those in which the postbiotic composition is applied to a web, it may be desirable for the formulation to provide certain physical attributes, such as having a smooth, lubricious, non-greasy texture; being able to at least partially transfer from the web to a user; being able to remain on the web at about room temperature; or being compatible with the web manufacturing process. In certain embodiments, it is preferred that at least a portion of the postbiotic composition transfers from the tissue to the user during use.

[0119] The postbiotic composition can be applied to the fiber web during the process of forming the fiber web or after the fiber web has been formed and dried, the latter of which is often referred to as an off-line process or post-processing. Suitable methods for applying the postbiotic composition to the fiber web include methods known in the art, such as gravure printing, flexographic printing, spraying, WEKO TM , slot coating or electrostatic spraying. A particularly preferred off-line application method is rotogravure printing.

[0120] Products

[0121] Various products are also disclosed herein, and the products reduce the fecal enzyme described herein after the meta-composition and various products (such as absorbent products and / or tissue products) to reduce the activity of fecal enzymes. Therefore, it is contemplated herein that a fecal enzyme reduces a composition, such as a meta-composition, and the fecal enzyme reduces the composition and is applied to the solid surface of any device or product or is impregnated into the solid matrix of any device or product, and the solid matrix is ​​intended to contact the epidermal region of the subject, and the epidermal region can also contact with fecal enzymes. Preferably, the solid surface is a flexible substrate that can be worn or wiped on the skin or mucous membrane. In some embodiments, the solid surface can be absorbent.

[0122] Therefore, disclosed herein is an absorbent article comprising a composition, wherein the composition comprises a fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition, such as a yeast lysate. As described above, the postbiotic composition may further comprise one or more amino acids, such as alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, selenocysteine ​​or pyrrolysine. In a specific embodiment, the postbiotic composition particularly comprises one or more of valine, threonine, glutamic acid and glycine. The postbiotic composition may further comprise disodium succinate. In one embodiment, the postbiotic composition may be OXY 229PF, as described in detail above.

[0123] The above discusses fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic compositions and the use of these compositions on absorbent articles and / or tissue products for inhibiting enzyme activity and controlling skin dermatitis. Although the postbiotic compositions of the present disclosure can have a variety of applications, it is particularly advantageous to use the postbiotic compositions in combination with absorbent articles (e.g., diapers, incontinence garments, feminine care products, training pants, diapers, nursing pads, and wound dressings). In addition, the postbiotic compositions of the present disclosure are also used in combination with tissue products (e.g., pre-moistened wipes and cleaning and polishing pads) to provide beneficial effects. The postbiotic compositions disclosed herein can be disposed on the side of an absorbent article (or tissue product) configured for contact with the wearer, referred to herein as a "body-facing surface".

[0124] When used with an absorbent article, the postbiotic composition can be applied to the entire body-facing surface of the absorbent article, or can be selectively applied to a specific portion of the body-facing surface (e.g., along the middle portion of the longitudinal centerline of the absorbent article) to promote the transfer of the postbiotic composition to the wearer's skin. In some embodiments, the body-facing surface may include a plurality of stripes or dots to which the postbiotic composition is applied. In various embodiments, the postbiotic composition covers the body-facing surface of the absorbent article in an amount sufficient to ensure adequate transfer to the skin. The postbiotic composition can be applied to the absorbent article in any of a variety of well-known ways. A preferred method for uniformly applying the postbiotic composition to the body-facing surface of the absorbent article is spraying or slit coating. Spraying or slit coating the postbiotic composition is a precise process that can control the distribution and transfer rate of the composition. However, other methods, such as rotary gravure printing or flexographic printing and foam application, as well as dipping and kissing roller techniques, can be used. The postbiotic composition of the present disclosure can be applied after the body-facing material is incorporated into the absorbent article or before the body-facing material is incorporated into the absorbent article.

[0125] Absorbent articles may also contain other ingredients, for example, components known in the art that improve liquid acquisition properties, liquid wicking properties, liquid retention properties, etc. Other included ingredients include components that increase cohesive strength (i.e., the ability to withstand deformation during use). Absorbent articles may contain fibrous woven, knitted or nonwoven materials, occlusive or non-occlusive films or membranes, particles, granules or aggregates of absorbent materials, synthetic polymer fibers, films, membranes and foams (e.g., nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, such as or Gor- ), polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, and polysulfone). All of these forms are well known in the art and include, for example, knitted or woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics such as felt and batting, fiber balls of cotton, rayon, cellulose or synthetic fibers, and similar materials.

[0126] The fibers may be natural fibers, including but not limited to wool, silk, cotton, cellulose

[0127] Natural fibers such as fibers. Natural polymers based on polysaccharides can also be used, including but not limited to: modified cellulose and cellulose derivatives (e.g., alkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose); gum resins (e.g., guar gum, locust bean gum, tragacanth gum, ontai gum, pectin, etc.); starch and starch derivatives (e.g., corn starch, corn starch, potato starch, amylase, pullulan, dextrin, dextran, modified starch, hydroxyethyl starch, cationic starch, starch graft polymers and similar polymers). Fibers can be synthetic fibers, including but not limited to: polyesters, polyolefins, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene urea, polyurethane, polyurea, polyacrylonitrile and copolymers of these polymers.

[0128] Absorbent articles can be formed in a multi-layer configuration format having an absorbent structure layer, a fluid-permeable top layer that allows liquid wicking but is inherently non-wettable due to its structural composition (e.g., synthetic fiber construction), and a fluid-impermeable bottom layer (i.e., backsheet) that prevents the absorbed fluid from being transferred from the absorbent structure layer to the adjacent tissues of the user when in contact with the absorbent article during use. Such layered configurations are well known in the diaper and panty liner arts.

[0129] Absorbent products

[0130] See also Figure 2 and Figure 3 , a non-limiting illustration of an absorbent article 10 such as a diaper is shown. Although the embodiments and illustrations described herein may generally apply to absorbent articles manufactured in the longitudinal direction of the product (hereinafter referred to as the machine direction manufacture of the product), it should be noted that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, a person of ordinary skill in the art may apply the information herein to absorbent articles manufactured in the latitudinal direction of the product, hereinafter referred to as the transverse direction manufacture of the product. For example, Figure 4 and Figure 5 The absorbent article 210 shown in provides an embodiment of an absorbent article 210 that can be manufactured in a cross-machine direction manufacturing process.

[0131] Figure 2 and Figure 3 The absorbent article 10 shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5The absorbent articles 210 shown in the figure may each include a backsheet 11. The absorbent articles 10, 210 may include a front waist region 12, a back waist region 14, and a crotch region 16, wherein the crotch region is disposed between the front waist region 12 and the back waist region 14 and interconnects the front waist region 12 and the back waist region 14, respectively. The front waist region 12 may be referred to as a front end region, the back waist region 14 may be referred to as a back end region, and the crotch region 16 may be referred to as a middle region. Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, a three-piece construction of an absorbent article 210 is depicted, wherein the absorbent article 210 may have a backsheet 11 that includes a front waist panel 13 defining a front waist region 12, a back waist panel 15 defining a back waist region 14, and an absorbent sheet 17 defining a crotch region 16 of the absorbent article 210. The absorbent sheet 17 may extend between the front waist panel 13 and the back waist panel 15. In some embodiments, the absorbent sheet 17 may overlap the front waist panel 13 and the back waist panel 15. The absorbent sheet 17 may be bonded to the front waist panel 13 and the back waist panel 15 to define a three-piece construction. However, it is contemplated that the absorbent article may be manufactured in the transverse direction without being a three-piece construction garment.

[0132] The absorbent article 10, 210 may have a pair of longitudinal side edges 18, 20 and a pair of opposing waist edges, which are respectively designated as a front waist edge 22 and a rear waist edge 24. The front waist region 12 may be adjacent to the front waist edge 22, and the rear waist region 14 may be adjacent to the rear waist edge 24. The longitudinal side edges 18, 20 may extend from the front waist edge 22 to the rear waist edge 24. The longitudinal side edges 18, 20 may extend in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction 30 over their entire length, such as for Figure 2 and Figure 3 For the absorbent article 10 shown. In other embodiments, the longitudinal side edges 18, 20 can be bent between the front waist edge 22 and the back waist edge 24. Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the absorbent article 210 , the longitudinal side edges 18 , 20 may include portions of the front waist panel 13 , the absorbent panel 17 , and the back waist panel 15 .

[0133] The front waist region 12 may include a portion of the absorbent article 10, 210 that is at least partially positioned on the front of the wearer when worn, and the back waist region 14 may include a portion of the absorbent article 10, 210 that is at least partially positioned on the back of the wearer when worn. The crotch region 16 of the absorbent article 10, 210 may include a portion of the absorbent article 10, 210 that is positioned between the legs of the wearer when worn and may partially cover the lower body of the wearer. The waist edges 22 and 24 of the absorbent article 10, 210 are configured to surround the waist of the wearer and together define a central waist opening 23 (e.g., a central waist opening 23) at the waist of the wearer. Figure 2 and Figure 4). When the absorbent article 10, 210 is worn, the portions of the longitudinal side edges 18, 20 in the crotch region 16 can generally define leg openings for the wearer's legs.

[0134] The absorbent article 10, 210 may include an outer cover 26 and a body side liner 28. The outer cover 26 and the body side liner 28 may form part of the backsheet 11. In an embodiment, the body side liner 28 may be bonded to the outer cover 26 in an overlying relationship by any suitable means, such as, but not limited to, adhesives, ultrasonic bonds, thermal bonds, pressure bonds, or other conventional techniques. The outer cover 26 may define a length in the longitudinal direction 30 and a width in the transverse direction 32, which in the illustrated embodiment may correspond to the length and width of the absorbent article 10. As shown in FIG. Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown in , the absorbent article 10 , 210 may have a longitudinal axis 29 extending in the longitudinal direction 30 and a transverse axis 31 extending in the transverse direction 32 .

[0135] The body side liner 28 is configured to serve as a body-facing surface. Therefore, in various embodiments, the body side liner 28 includes at least one postbiotic composition described herein to reduce the activity of fecal enzymes. The postbiotic composition can be applied to the body side liner 28 or impregnated into the body side liner 28.

[0136] The backsheet 11 may include an absorbent body 34. The absorbent body 34 may be disposed between the outer cover 26 and the body side liner 28. The absorbent body 34 may have longitudinal edges 36 and 38, which, in an embodiment, may form portions of the longitudinal side edges 18 and 20 of the absorbent article 10, 210, respectively. The absorbent body 34 may have a first end edge 40 correspondingly opposite to a second end edge 42, which, in an embodiment, may form portions of the waist edges 22 and 24 of the absorbent article 10, respectively. In some embodiments, the first end edge 40 may be in the front waist region 12. In some embodiments, the second end edge 42 may be in the rear waist region 14. In an embodiment, the absorbent body 34 may have a length and width that are the same as or less than the length and width of the absorbent article 10, 210. The body side liner 28, the outer cover 26, and the absorbent body 34 may form a portion of an absorbent assembly 44. In Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the absorbent article 210 of the present invention, the absorbent sheet 17 can form an absorbent assembly 44. As is known in the art, the absorbent assembly 44 can also include a fluid transfer layer 46 (e.g., Figure 6 ) and a fluid acquisition layer (not shown) positioned between the body-side liner 28 and the fluid transfer layer 46. The absorbent assembly 44 may also include a spacer layer 48 (such as Figure 6 ).

[0137] The absorbent article 10, 210 can be configured to contain and / or absorb liquid, solid and semi-solid body exudates discharged from the wearer. In some embodiments, the leakage-proof flaps 50, 52 can be configured to provide a barrier to the lateral flow of body exudates. In order to further enhance the leakage-proof and / or absorption effect on body exudates, the absorbent article 10, 210 can appropriately include a waist leakage-proof member 54. In some embodiments, the waist leakage-proof member 54 can be arranged in the rear waist region 14 of the absorbent article 10, 210. Although not shown herein, it is conceivable that the waist leakage-proof member 54 can be arranged in the front waist region 12 of the absorbent article 10, 210 in addition or as an alternative.

[0138] The waist leakage prevention member 54 can be disposed on the body-facing surface 19 of the backsheet 11 to help contain and / or absorb body exudates. Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the depicted absorbent article 10, the waist leakage containment member 54 can be disposed on the body-facing surface 45 of the absorbent assembly 44. In some embodiments, the waist leakage containment member 54 can be disposed on the body-facing surface 56 of the body-side liner 28. In some embodiments, such as in Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the depicted absorbent article 210 , the waist leakage containment member 54 may be disposed on the body-facing surface 58 of the rear waist panel 15 .

[0139] The absorbent article 10, 210 may further include leg elastic members 60, 62 known to those skilled in the art. The leg elastic members 60, 62 may be attached to the outer cover 26 and / or the body side liner 28 along the opposite longitudinal side edges 18 and 20 and positioned in the crotch region 16 of the absorbent article 10, 210. The leg elastic members 60, 62 may be parallel to the longitudinal axis 29, such as Figure 3 and Figure 5 or may be curved as is known in the art. The leg elastic members 60, 62 may be elastomeric and may provide elasticized leg cuffs.

[0140] In some embodiments, the absorbent article 10, 210 may further include longitudinally extending fold lines 25a, 25b, such as Figure 3 and Figure 5. The first longitudinally extending fold line 25a may be on one side of the longitudinal axis 29 of the absorbent article 10, 210, and the second longitudinally extending fold line 25b may be on the opposite side of the longitudinal axis 29. In some embodiments, the longitudinally extending fold lines 25a, 25b may be generally parallel to the longitudinal axis 29 of the absorbent article 10, 210. In some embodiments, the absorbent article 10, 210 may also include a transversely extending fold line 27. In some embodiments, the transversely extending fold line 27 may be parallel to and located at the lateral axis 31 of the absorbent article 10, 210.

[0141] Additional details regarding each of these elements of the absorbent articles 10, 210 described herein can be seen below and with reference to the accompanying figures.

[0142] Outer Covering:

[0143] The outer cover 26 and / or portions thereof may be breathable and / or liquid impermeable. The outer cover 26 and / or portions thereof may be elastic, stretchable, or non-stretchable. The outer cover 26 may be constructed from a single layer, multiple layers, laminates, spunbond fabrics, films, meltblown fabrics, elastic netting, microporous webs, bonded carded webs, or foams provided by elastomeric or polymeric materials. In an embodiment, for example, the outer cover 26 may be constructed from a microporous polymer film such as polyethylene or polypropylene.

[0144] In an embodiment, the outer cover 26 can be a single layer of liquid-impermeable material, such as a polymer film. In an embodiment, the outer cover 26 can be appropriately stretchable at least in the transverse direction 32 of the absorbent article 10, 210, and more appropriately elastic. In an embodiment, the outer cover 26 can be stretchable in both the transverse direction 32 and the longitudinal direction 30, and more appropriately elastic. In an embodiment, the outer cover 26 can be a multilayer laminate, at least one of which is liquid-impermeable. In some embodiments, the outer cover 26 can be a two-layer structure including an outer layer (not shown) and an inner layer (not shown) that can be bonded together, such as by a laminate adhesive. Suitable laminate adhesives can be applied in a continuous or intermittent manner as beads, sprays, parallel vortices, etc., but it should be understood that the inner layer can be bonded to the outer layer by other bonding methods including but not limited to ultrasonic bonding, thermal bonding, pressure bonding, etc.

[0145] The outer layer of the outer cover 26 can be any suitable material and can be a material that provides a generally cloth-like texture or appearance to the wearer. An example of such a material can be a 100% polypropylene bonded carded web with a diamond bond pattern available from Sandler AG of Germany, for example, 30 gsm Sawabond Or equivalent. Another example of a material suitable for use as the outer layer of the outer cover 26 can be a 20 gsm spunbond polypropylene nonwoven web. The outer layer can also be constructed of the same materials as the body side liner 28 can be constructed as described herein.

[0146] The liquid-impermeable inner layer of the outer cover 26 (or the liquid-impermeable outer cover 26, in which case the outer cover 26 has a single-layer construction) can be vapor-permeable (i.e., "breathable") or vapor-impermeable. The liquid-impermeable inner layer (or the liquid-impermeable outer cover 26 when the outer cover 26 has a single-layer construction) can be made of a thin plastic film. The liquid-impermeable inner layer (or the liquid-impermeable outer cover 26, in which case the outer cover 26 has a single-layer construction) can inhibit liquid body exudates from leaking out of the absorbent article 10, 210 and wetting articles such as bed sheets and clothing, as well as the wearer and caregiver.

[0147] In some embodiments, where the outer cover 26 has a single layer construction, it can be embossed and / or matte finished to provide a more cloth-like texture or appearance. The outer cover 26 can allow vapor to escape from the absorbent article 10 while preventing liquid from passing through. Suitable liquid-impermeable, vapor-permeable materials can be composed of microporous polymer films or nonwoven materials that have been coated or otherwise treated to impart a desired level of liquid impermeability.

[0148] Body Side Lining:

[0149] The body side liner 28 of the absorbent article 10, 110, 210 can overlie the absorbent body 34 and the outer cover 26 and can isolate the wearer's skin from the waste fluid retained by the absorbent body 34. In various embodiments, the fluid transfer layer 46 can be positioned between the body side liner 28 and the absorbent body 34. In various embodiments, the acquisition layer (not shown) can be positioned between the body side liner 28 and the absorbent body 34 or the fluid transfer layer 46 (if present). In various embodiments, the body side liner 28 can be bonded to the acquisition layer or the fluid transfer layer 46 (if no acquisition layer is present) via an adhesive and / or by point fusion bonding. The point fusion bonding can be selected from ultrasonic bonding, thermal bonding, pressure bonding, and combinations thereof.

[0150] In an embodiment, the bodyside liner 28 may extend beyond the absorbent body 34 and / or the fluid transfer layer 46 (if present) and / or the acquisition layer (if present) and / or the spacer layer 48 (if present) so as to overlie a portion of the outer cover 26 and may be bonded to the outer cover by any method deemed suitable (such as by bonding to the outer cover by an adhesive) to substantially enclose the absorbent body 34 between the outer cover 26 and the bodyside liner 28. The bodyside liner 28 may be narrower than the outer cover 26. However, in other embodiments, the bodyside liner 28 and the outer cover 26 may have the same width and length dimensions. In other embodiments, the bodyside liner 28 may be wider than the outer cover 26. It is also contemplated that the bodyside liner 28 may not extend beyond the absorbent body 34 and / or may not be secured to the outer cover 26. In some embodiments, the body side liner 28 may wrap around at least a portion of the absorbent body 34, including around the longitudinal edges 36, 38 and / or one or more end edges 40, 42 of the absorbent body 34. It is further contemplated that the body side liner 28 may be comprised of more than one material segment. The body side liner 28 may have different shapes, including rectangular, hourglass, or any other shape. The body side liner 28 may be appropriately conformable, soft and comfortable, and non-irritating to the wearer's skin, and may be the same or less hydrophilic than the absorbent body 34 to allow body exudates to easily penetrate the absorbent body 34 and provide a relatively dry surface for the wearer.

[0151] The body side liner 28 can be made of various types of materials, such as synthetic fibers (e.g., polyester fibers or polypropylene fibers), natural fibers (e.g., wood fibers or cotton fibers), combinations of natural and synthetic fibers, porous foams, cellular foams, perforated plastic films, etc. Examples of suitable materials include, but are not limited to, rayon, wood, cotton, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon or other heat-bondable fibers, polyolefins, such as, but not limited to, copolymers of polypropylene and polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene and aliphatic esters such as polylactic acid, perforated film webs, mesh materials, etc., and combinations thereof.

[0152] Various woven and nonwoven fabrics can be used for the body side liner 28. The body side liner 28 may include woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, polymer films, film-fabric laminates, etc., and combinations thereof. Examples of nonwoven fabrics may include spunbond fabrics, meltblown fabrics, coform fabrics, carded webs, bonded carded webs, bicomponent spunbond fabrics, spunlace fabrics, etc., and combinations thereof. The body side liner 28 is not necessarily a single layer structure and may therefore include more than one layer of fabric, film and / or web, and combinations thereof. For example, the body side liner 28 may include a support layer and a protruding layer that may be hydroentangled. The protruding layer may include hollow protrusions, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,474,660 to Kirby, Scott SC et al.

[0153] For example, the body side liner 28 can be composed of a meltblown or spunbonded web of polyolefin fibers. Alternatively, the body side liner 28 can be a bonded carded web composed of natural fibers and / or synthetic fibers. The body side liner 28 can be composed of a substantially hydrophobic material, and the hydrophobic material can optionally be treated with a surfactant or otherwise processed to impart a desired level of wettability and hydrophilicity. The surfactant can be applied by any conventional means such as spraying, printing, brushing, etc. The surfactant can be applied to the entire body side liner 28, or can be selectively applied to specific sections of the body side liner 28.

[0154] In an embodiment, the body side liner 28 may be constructed of a nonwoven bicomponent web. The nonwoven bicomponent web may be a spunbond bicomponent web or a bonded carded bicomponent web. Examples of bicomponent tufted fibers include polyethylene / polypropylene bicomponent fibers. In this particular bicomponent fiber, the polypropylene forms the core and the polyethylene forms the sheath of the fiber. Fibers having other orientations, such as multi-lobed, side-by-side, end-to-end, may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, the body side liner 28 may be a spunbond substrate having a basis weight of 10 or 12 to 15 or 20 gsm. In an embodiment, the body side liner 28 may be a 12 gsm spunbond-meltblown-spunbond substrate with 10% meltblown content applied between the two spunbond layers.

[0155] Although the outer cover 26 and the body side liner 28 may comprise an elastomeric material, it is contemplated that the outer cover 26 and the body side liner 28 may be constructed of a substantially non-elastomeric material. In an embodiment, the body side liner 28 may be stretchable, and more suitably elastic. In an embodiment, the body side liner 28 may be suitably stretchable, and more suitably elastic, at least in the transverse or circumferential direction of the absorbent article 10, 210. In other aspects, the body side liner 28 may be stretchable, and more suitably elastic, in both the transverse direction 32 and the longitudinal direction 30, respectively.

[0156] In various embodiments, the body side liner 28 comprises a composition comprising a fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition, such as yeast lysate. As described above, the postbiotic composition may further comprise one or more amino acids, such as alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, selenocysteine ​​or pyrrolysine. In a specific embodiment, the postbiotic composition particularly comprises one or more of valine, threonine, glutamic acid and glycine. The postbiotic composition may further comprise disodium succinate. In one embodiment, the postbiotic composition may be OXY 229PF, as described in detail above.

[0157] Fecal enzyme reducing postbiotic compositions and the use of these compositions on absorbent articles for inhibiting enzyme activity and controlling skin dermatitis are discussed above. In various embodiments, the postbiotic composition can be applied to the entire body-side liner 28, or can be selectively applied to specific portions of the body-side liner 28 (e.g., the middle portion along the longitudinal centerline of the body-side liner 28) to promote transfer of the postbiotic composition to the wearer's skin. In some embodiments, the body-side liner 28 may include multiple stripes or dots to which the postbiotic composition is applied. In various embodiments, the postbiotic composition covers the body-side liner 28 in an amount sufficient to ensure adequate transfer to the wearer's skin.

[0158] The postbiotic composition can be applied to the body side liner 28 in any of a variety of well-known ways. A preferred method for uniformly applying the postbiotic composition to the body side liner 28 is spraying or slot coating. Spraying or slot coating the postbiotic composition is a precise process that can control the distribution and transfer rate of the composition. However, other methods such as rotary gravure printing or flexographic printing and foam application, as well as dip extrusion and kiss roll techniques can be used. The postbiotic composition of the present disclosure can be applied after the body side liner 28 is incorporated into the absorbent article 10, 210 or before the body side liner 28 is incorporated into the absorbent article 10, 210.

[0159] Leak-proof flaps:

[0160] In an embodiment, the absorbent article 10, 210 may include a pair of anti-leakage flaps 50, 52. The anti-leakage flaps 50, 52 may be formed separately from the absorbent backsheet 11 and attached to the backsheet 11, or may be formed integrally with the backsheet 11. In some embodiments, the anti-leakage flaps 50, 52 may be fixed to the backsheet 11 of the absorbent article 10, 210 in a generally parallel and spaced relationship from each other laterally inward from the leg openings to provide a barrier to prevent the flow of body exudates. One anti-leakage flap 50 may be on a first side of the longitudinal axis 29, and another anti-leakage flap 52 may be on a second side of the longitudinal axis 29. In an embodiment, the anti-leakage flaps 50, 52 may extend from the front waist region 12 of the absorbent article 10 generally in the longitudinal direction 30 through the crotch region 16 to the back waist region 14 of the absorbent article 10. In some embodiments, the containment flaps 50, 52 may extend in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis 29 of the absorbent article 10, 210, but in other embodiments, the containment flaps 50, 52 may be curved as is known in the art. Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the absorbent article 210 , the leakage-proof flaps 50 , 52 may be disposed on the absorbent sheet 17 in the crotch region 16 .

[0161] In embodiments where the containment flaps 50, 52 are attached to the backsheet 11, the containment flaps 50, 52 may be bonded to the bodyside liner 28 using a barrier adhesive 49, such as Figure 6 Alternatively, the containment flaps 50, 52 may be bonded to the outer cover 26 with a barrier adhesive 49, or to the spacer layer 48. Of course, the containment flaps 50, 52 may be bonded to other components of the backsheet 11, and may be bonded using other suitable means other than the barrier adhesive 49. The containment flaps 50, 52 may be constructed of a fibrous material, which may be similar to the material forming the bodyside liner 28. Other conventional materials, such as polymeric films, may also be used.

[0162] The containment flaps 50, 52 may each include a base portion 64 and a protruding portion 66. The base portion 64 may be bonded to the backsheet 11, for example, to the body side liner 28 or the outer cover 26 as described above. The base portion 64 may include a proximal end 64a and a distal end 64b. The protruding portion 66 may be separated from the base portion 64 at the proximal end 64a of the base portion 64. As used in this context, the protruding portion 66 is separated from the base portion 64 at the proximal end 64a of the base portion 64 because the proximal end 64a of the base portion 64 defines a transition between the protruding portion 66 and the base portion 64. The proximal end 64a of the base portion 64 may be located near the barrier adhesive 49. In some embodiments, the distal end 64b of the base portion 64 may extend laterally to the corresponding longitudinal side edges 18, 20 of the absorbent article 10, 210. In other embodiments, the distal end 64b of the base portion 64 may terminate laterally inwardly of the respective longitudinal side edges 18, 20 of the absorbent article 10, 210. The containment flaps 50, 52 may also each include a protruding portion 66 that is configured to extend away from the body-facing surface 19 of the backsheet 11 at least in the crotch region 16 when the absorbent article 10, 210 is in a relaxed configuration, such as Figure 6 The containment flaps 50, 52 may include pinned areas 71 in either or both of the front waist region 12 and the back waist region 14 where the projections 66 are attached to the body-facing surface 19 of the chassis 11.

[0163] It is contemplated that the containment flaps 50, 52 may have a variety of configurations and shapes and may be constructed in a variety of ways. For example, Figure 6 The containment flaps 50, 52 of the embodiment of the present invention depict vertical containment flaps 50, 52 having pinned areas 71 in both the front waist region 12 and the back waist region 14, where the protruding portion 66 of each containment flap 50, 52 is pinned into the body side liner 28 toward or away from the longitudinal axis 29 of the absorbent article 10, 210. However, the containment flaps 50, 52 may include pinned areas 71 where the protruding portion 66 of each of the containment flaps 50, 52 is folded back on itself and connected to itself and the body side liner 28 in a "C-shaped" configuration, as known in the art and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,895,382 to Robert L. Popp et al. As yet another alternative, it is contemplated that the containment flaps 50, 52 may be constructed in a "T-shaped" configuration, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,259,362 to Robert L. Popp et al. Such a configuration may also include pinning areas 71 in either or both of the front waist region 12 and the back waist region 14, respectively. Of course, other configurations of containment flaps 50, 52 may be used in the absorbent article 10, 210 and still be within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0164] The containment flaps 50, 52 may include one or more flap elastic members 68, such as Figure 6 . Suitable elastomeric materials for the wing elastic members 68 may include sheets, strands or ribbons of natural rubber, synthetic rubber or thermoplastic elastomeric materials. Of course, although two elastic members 68 are shown in each containment flap 50, 52, it is contemplated that the containment flaps 50, 52 may be constructed with one or three or more elastic members 68. Alternatively or in addition, the containment flaps 50, 52 may be constructed of a material that itself exhibits elastomeric properties. Figure 6 The flap elastic member 68 shown in the drawings may have two strands of elastomeric material that extend longitudinally in a generally parallel and spaced relationship with each other in the protruding portion 66 of the containment flap 50, 52. The elastic member 68 can be located within the containment flap 50, 52 when in an elastically contractible state so that contraction of the strands gathers and shortens the protruding portion 66 of the containment flap 50, 52 in the longitudinal direction 30. Therefore, when the absorbent article 10 is in a relaxed configuration, in the generally upright orientation of the containment flap 50, 52, the elastic member 68 can bias the protruding portion 66 of the containment flap 50, 52 to extend away from the body-facing surface 45 of the absorbent assembly 44, particularly in the crotch region 16 of the absorbent article 10, 210.

[0165] During the manufacture of the leak-proof flaps 50, 52, at least a portion of the elastic member 68 may be bonded to the leak-proof flaps 50, 52 when the elastic member 68 is stretched. The elongation percentage of the elastic member 68 may be, for example, 110% to 350%. In one embodiment, before the elastic member 68 is attached to the leak-proof flaps 50, 52, the elastic member 68 may be coated with an adhesive when it is stretched to a specified length. In the stretched state, the length of the elastic member 68 with the adhesive attached thereto may provide an active flap elastic area 70 in the leak-proof flaps 50, 52, such as Figure 3 , which flap elastic zone will gather when the absorbent article 10 is relaxed. The active flap elastic zone 70 of the containment flaps 50, 52 may have a longitudinal length that is less than the length of the absorbent article 10, 210. In this example method of bonding the elastic member 68 to the containment flaps 50, 52, the un-adhesive-coated portions of the elastic member 68 will retract after the elastic member 68 and the absorbent article 10 are cut to form individual absorbent articles 10 during the manufacturing process. As described above, the relaxation of the elastic member 68 in the active flap elastic zone 70 when the absorbent article 10, 210 is in a relaxed state may cause each containment flap 50, 52 to gather and cause the protruding portion 66 of each containment flap 50, 52 to extend away from the body-facing surface 19 of the backsheet 11 (e.g., the body-facing surface 45 of the absorbent assembly 44, or the body-facing surface 56 of the body-side liner 28), as described above. Figure 6 Described in.

[0166] Of course, the elastic members 68 can be bonded to the containment flaps 50, 52 in a variety of other ways known to those skilled in the art to provide the active flap elastic zones 70, which are within the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, the active flap elastic zones 70 can be shorter or longer than depicted herein, including extending to the front waist edge 22 and the back waist edge 24, which are still within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0167] Leg elastic:

[0168] The leg elastic members 60, 62 may be secured to the outer cover 26, such as by being bonded to the outer cover with a laminate adhesive at a location generally laterally inward of the longitudinal side edges 18 and 20 of the absorbent article 10, 210. The leg elastic members 60, 62 may form elasticized leg cuffs to further help contain body exudates. In an embodiment, the leg elastic members 60, 62 may be disposed between the inner and outer layers (not shown) of the outer cover 26 or between other layers of the absorbent article 10, for example, between the base portion 64 of each containment flap 50, 52 and the body-side liner 28 (e.g., Figure 6 ), between the base portion 64 of each containment flap 50, 52 and the outer cover 26, or between the body side liner 28 and the outer cover 26. The leg elastic members 60, 62 can be one or more elastic components near each longitudinal side edge 18, 20. For example, the leg elastic members 60, 62 as shown herein each include two elastic strands. A variety of elastomeric materials can be used for the leg elastic members 60, 62.

[0169] Suitable elastomeric materials may include sheets, strands or strips of natural rubber, synthetic rubber or thermoplastic elastic materials. The elastomeric material may be stretched and fixed to the substrate, fixed to a gathered substrate, or fixed to the substrate and then elasticized or shrunk, for example by applying heat, so that elastic retractive forces are imparted to the substrate. In addition, it is contemplated that in some embodiments, the leg elastic members 60, 62 may be formed with leakage-proof flaps 50, 52 and then attached to the backsheet 11. Of course, the leg elastic members 60, 62 may be omitted from the absorbent article 10, 210 without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0170] Waist leak-proof component:

[0171] In an embodiment, the absorbent article 10, 210 may have one or more waist leakage prevention members 54. One or more waist leakage prevention members 54 may be disposed in the rear waist region 14, such as Figures 2 to 6In general, the waist leakage prevention member 54 can help contain and / or absorb body exudates (especially low-viscosity feces), and thus may be preferably located in the rear waist region 14. In some embodiments, the absorbent article 10, 210 may have a waist leakage prevention member 54 disposed in the front waist region 12. The waist leakage prevention member 54 in the front waist region 12 can help contain and / or absorb body exudates, such as urine, in the front waist region 12. Although not as common as in the rear waist region 14, in some cases, feces may also spread to the front waist region 12, and therefore, the waist leakage prevention member 54 disposed in the front waist region 12 may also help contain and / or absorb body exudates. In other embodiments, the absorbent article 10, 210 may have a waist leakage prevention member 54 in both the rear waist region 14 and the front waist region 12.

[0172] The waist leakage prevention member 54 can be disposed on the body-facing surface 45 of the absorbent assembly 44. In some embodiments, such as Figures 2 to 3 and Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the waist leakage containment member 54 can be disposed on the body-facing surface 56 of the body-side liner 28. However, in some embodiments, such as Figure 5 In the absorbent article 210 , the waist leakage prevention member 54 can be arranged on the body-facing surface 58 of the back waist panel 15 .

[0173] The waist leakage prevention member 54 may include a first longitudinal side edge 72 and a second longitudinal side edge 74. The first longitudinal side edge 72 may be opposite to the second longitudinal side edge 74. The distance between the first longitudinal side edge 72 and the second longitudinal side edge 74 may define a width 51 of the waist leakage prevention member 54 in the transverse direction 32, such as Figure 3 as shown in .

[0174] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown in , the waist leakage prevention member 54 can be configured so that the first longitudinal side edge 72 can be disposed laterally outward from the proximal end 64a of the base portion 64 of the leakage prevention flap 50. Similarly, the waist leakage prevention member 54 can be configured so that the second longitudinal side edge 74 can be disposed laterally outward from the proximal end 64a of the base portion 64 of the leakage prevention flap 52. The waist leakage prevention member 54 can be configured so that the width 51 of the waist leakage prevention member 54 can be greater than the lateral distance between the longitudinally extending fold lines 25a, 25b, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 and Figure 5 as shown in .

[0175] The waist leakage prevention member 54 may also include a proximal portion (not shown) and a distal portion 78. The proximal portion may be coupled to the body-facing surface 19 of the backsheet 11 (e.g., the body-facing surface 45 of the absorbent assembly 44, or the body-facing surface 56 of the body-side liner 28), while the distal portion 78 of the waist leakage prevention member 54 may be free to move relative to the backsheet 11 and the absorbent assembly 44 when the absorbent article 10, 210 is in a relaxed configuration, such as Figure 6 When the waist leakage prevention member 54 is in a relaxed configuration, the distal portion 78 extends away from the backsheet 11 and the absorbent assembly 44 in a vertical direction that is perpendicular to a plane defined by the longitudinal axis 29 and the transverse axis 31. The fold 79a can separate the proximal portion and the distal portion 78 of the waist leakage prevention member 54. As used in this context, the fold 79a separates the proximal portion and the distal portion 78 because the fold 79a defines a transition between the proximal portion and the distal portion 78.

[0176] In some embodiments, the proximal portion of the waist containment member 54 can be coupled to the body-facing surface 56 of the body-side liner 28. In other embodiments, the proximal portion of the waist containment member 54 can be coupled to the body-facing surface 58 of the back waist panel 15. The proximal portion can be coupled to the body-facing surface 45 by adhesives, pressure bonds, ultrasonic bonds, thermal bonds, and combinations thereof.

[0177] Since the distal portion 78 of the waist leakage prevention member 54 can move freely relative to the absorbent assembly 44 when the absorbent article 10, 210 is in a relaxed configuration, the distal portion 78 can help provide a leak-proof bag 82 when the absorbent article 10, 210 is in a relaxed configuration. The leak-proof bag 82 can help provide a barrier to accommodate body exudates and / or can help absorb body exudates. The leak-proof bag 82 can be particularly helpful for accommodating and / or absorbing low-viscosity feces (this feces may be common for young children). The first longitudinal side edge 72 can be arranged laterally outward from the proximal end 64a of the base portion 64 of the leak-proof wing 50, so that the leak-proof bag 82 can extend laterally outward from the proximal end 64a of the leak-proof wing 50. Similarly, the second longitudinal side edge 74 can be arranged laterally outward from the proximal end 64a of the base portion 64 of the leak-proof wing 52, so that the leak-proof bag 82 can extend laterally outward from the proximal end 64a of the leak-proof wing 52. Such a configuration provides the waist containment member 54 with a spacious containment pocket 82 to contain and / or absorb body exudates.

[0178] To help prevent the lateral flow of body exudates contained in the leak-proof pocket 82 of the waist leak-proof member 54, the distal portion 78 of the waist leak-proof member 54 can be bonded to the proximal portion of the waist leak-proof member 54 and / or the body-facing surface 19 of the backsheet 11 near the first longitudinal side edge 72 and the second longitudinal side edge 74, respectively. For example, Figure 6Pinning areas 84 are depicted where the distal portion 78 of the waist containment member 54 may be bonded to the proximal portion of the waist containment member 54 and / or the body-facing surface 19 of the backsheet 11 .

[0179] In a preferred embodiment, the waist leakage prevention member 54 may include at least one elastic member, and in further embodiments even more elastic members. Generally speaking, the elastic member may span substantially from the first longitudinal side edge 72 to the second longitudinal side edge 74 of the waist leakage prevention member 54. The elastic member may be disposed in the distal portion 78 of the waist leakage prevention member 54, and preferably located near the free edge 88 of the distal portion 78 of the waist leakage prevention member 54.

[0180] A variety of elastomeric materials can be used for the elastic member in the waist leakage prevention member 54. Suitable elastomeric materials may include sheets, strands or ribbons of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, elastic foam or thermoplastic elastomeric materials (e.g., films). The elastomeric material may be stretched and fixed to the substrate forming the waist leakage prevention member 54, fixed to the gathered substrate, or fixed to the substrate and then elasticized or shrunk, for example, by applying heat, so that an elastic retractive force is imparted to the substrate forming the waist leakage prevention member 54.

[0181] The waist leakage prevention member 54 can be arranged to be connected to the backsheet 11 by being placed above the leakage prevention flaps 50, 52 or below the leakage prevention flaps 50, 52. More specifically, the waist leakage prevention member 54 can be arranged on the body-facing surface 19 of the backsheet 11 so that the proximal portion of the waist leakage prevention member 54 is arranged above the corresponding base portions 64 of the first leakage prevention flap 50 and the second leakage prevention flap 52. Alternatively, the waist leakage prevention member 54 can be arranged on the body-facing surface 19 of the backsheet 11 so that the proximal portion of the waist leakage prevention member 54 is arranged below the corresponding base portions 64 of the first leakage prevention flap 50 and the second leakage prevention flap 52. Both configurations can provide advantages that facilitate the waist leakage prevention member 54 to function to contain and / or absorb body exudates.

[0182] In the case where the proximal portion of the waist containment member 54 is disposed above the base portion 64 of the containment flaps 50, 52, the containment flaps 50, 52 may have an active flap elastic region 70 that longitudinally overlaps the distal portion 78 of the waist containment member 54 when the absorbent article 10 is in the stretched flat configuration, such as Figure 3 In addition or as an alternative, the pinning area 71 may not extend from the rear waist edge 24 to the free edge 88 of the distal portion 78 of the waist leakage prevention member 54, such as Figure 3 as shown in .

[0183] With the proximal portion of the waist containment member 54 disposed below the base portion 64 of the containment flaps 50, 52, the pinned region 71 of the protruding portion 66 of each of the containment flaps 50, 52 may longitudinally overlap the distal portion 78 of the waist containment member 54. In some of these embodiments, the pinned region 71 of the protruding portion 66 of each of the containment flaps 50, 52 may extend to the free edge 88 of the waist containment member 54 to further help contain the exudate in the containment pocket 82 created by the waist containment member 54.

[0184] The waist leakage prevention member 54 can be composed of a variety of materials. In a preferred embodiment, the waist leakage prevention member 54 can be composed of spunbond-meltblown-spunbond ("SMS") material. However, it is conceivable that the waist leakage prevention member 54 can be composed of other materials, including but not limited to spunbond-film-spunbond ("SFS") material, bonded carded web ("BOW") material or any nonwoven material. In some embodiments, the waist leakage prevention member 54 can be composed of more than one laminate or other material in these example materials. In some embodiments, the waist leakage prevention member 54 can be composed of liquid-impermeable materials. In some embodiments, the waist leakage prevention member 54 can be composed of materials coated with a hydrophobic coating. The basis weight of the material forming the waist leakage prevention member 54 may vary, but in a preferred embodiment, when the elastic member 86 is not included in the waist leakage prevention member 54, the basis weight can be between 8gsm and 120gsm. The basis weight of the material constituting the waist leakage prevention member 54 may more preferably be between 10 gsm and 40 gsm, and even more preferably between 15 gsm and 25 gsm.

[0185] Fastening system:

[0186] In an embodiment, the absorbent article 10 may include a fastening system. The fastening system may include one or more rear fasteners 91 and one or more front fasteners 92. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The embodiment shown in , depicts an embodiment having one front fastener 92. Multiple portions of the fastening system may be included in the front waist region 12, the back waist region 14, or both.

[0187] The fastening system can be configured such as Figure 2 The fastened state shown secures the absorbent article 10 around the waist of the wearer and helps to keep the absorbent article 10 in place during use. In an embodiment, as is known in the art, the back fastener 91 may include one or more materials bonded together to form a composite ear. For example, the composite fastener may be made of Figure 3 The stretching member 94, the nonwoven carrier or hook seat 96 and the fastening member 98 are constituted as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown in , in some embodiments, the waist leakage prevention member 54 can extend to the rear fastener 91. In some embodiments, the waist leakage prevention member 54 can be directly or indirectly coupled to the stretch component 94 of the rear fastener 91. In some embodiments, the waist leakage prevention member 54 can extend to the longitudinal side edges 18, 20 of the absorbent article 10, 210.

[0188] Absorption body:

[0189] The absorbent body 34 may be appropriately constructed to be substantially compressible, conformable, flexible, non-irritating to the wearer's skin, and capable of absorbing and retaining liquid body exudates. The absorbent body 34 may be made into a variety of sizes and shapes (e.g., rectangular, trapezoidal, T-shaped, I-shaped, hourglass-shaped, etc.), and made of a variety of materials. The size and absorption capacity of the absorbent body 34 should be compatible with the body shape of the intended wearer (infant to adult) and the liquid load applied by the intended use of the absorbent article 10, 210. The absorbent body 34 may have a length and width that may be less than or equal to the length and width of the absorbent article 10, 210.

[0190] In an embodiment, the absorbent body 34 may be composed of absorbent materials such as fibrous absorbent materials and / or superabsorbent materials, binder materials, surfactants, selected hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials, pigments, lotions, odor control agents, etc., and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the absorbent body 34 may be a matrix of cellulose fluff and superabsorbent materials. In another embodiment, the absorbent material of the absorbent body 34 may include only superabsorbent materials. In an embodiment, the absorbent body 34 may be constructed of a single layer of material, or in an alternative, may be constructed of two or more layers of material.

[0191] When composed at least in part of fibrous materials, various types of wettable, hydrophilic fibers can be used in the absorbent body 34. Examples of suitable fibers include: natural fibers; cellulosic fibers; synthetic fibers composed of cellulose or cellulose derivatives, such as rayon; inorganic fibers composed of intrinsically wettable materials, such as glass fibers; synthetic fibers made of intrinsically wettable thermoplastic polymers, such as certain polyester or polyamide fibers, or synthetic fibers composed of non-wettable thermoplastic polymers, such as polyolefin fibers that have been hydrophilized by suitable means. The fibers can be hydrophilized, for example, by treatment with a surfactant, treatment with silica, treatment with a material having a suitable hydrophilic portion that is not easily removed from the fibers, or by coating non-wettable hydrophobic fibers with a hydrophilic polymer during or after fiber formation.

[0192] When at least partially composed of superabsorbent material, such superabsorbent material may be selected from natural, synthetic and modified natural polymers and materials.The superabsorbent material may be an inorganic material such as silica gel or an organic compound such as a cross-linked polymer.

[0193] If a spacer layer 48 is present, the absorbent body 34 may be disposed on the spacer layer 48 and superimposed over the outer cover 26. The spacer layer 48 may be bonded to the outer cover 26, such as by an adhesive. In some embodiments, the spacer layer 48 may not be present and the absorbent body 34 may be in direct contact with the outer cover 26 and may be directly bonded to the outer cover 26. However, it should be understood that the absorbent body 34 may be in contact with the outer cover 26 but not bonded thereto and remain within the scope of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, the outer cover 26 may be comprised of a single layer and the absorbent body 34 may be in contact with the single layer of the outer cover 26. In some embodiments, at least a portion of a layer, such as but not limited to a fluid transfer layer 46 and / or a spacer layer 48, may be positioned between the absorbent body 34 and the outer cover 26, such as Figure 6 The absorbent body 34 may be bonded to the fluid transfer layer 46 and / or the spacer layer 48.

[0194] Although Figures 1 to Figure 5 The absorbent articles 10, 210 are described intensively, but it should be understood that the absorbent structure (e.g., absorbent body 34) of the present disclosure may be used in any absorbent article, including but not limited to diapers, diaper pants, training pants, pants for older children, swim pants, feminine hygiene products (including but not limited to menstrual pads or menstrual pants), incontinence products and other adult care garments, medical garments, surgical pads and bandages, other personal care or healthcare garments, and the like.

[0195] Tissue Paper Products

[0196] The postbiotic compositions of the present disclosure may also be used in combination with tissue products. As discussed above, tissue products are made from a base web comprising fibers and include bath towels, face towels, wet wipes, pre-moistened wiping products, cleaning and polishing pads, and other similar products. Tissue products may include one, two, three or more plies. As used herein, the terms "tissue web" and "tissue sheet" refer to a fibrous sheet material suitable for forming a tissue product.

[0197] In various embodiments, the postbiotic composition can be incorporated into or onto a tissue paper web to reduce the activity of fecal enzymes. Thus, contemplated herein is a fecal enzyme reducing composition, such as a postbiotic composition, applied to or impregnated into a tissue paper web that is intended to be in contact with an epidermal area of ​​a subject that may also be in contact with fecal enzymes.

[0198] In various embodiments, the tissue product comprises a composition comprising a fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic composition, such as a yeast lysate. As described above, the postbiotic composition may further comprise one or more amino acids, such as alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, selenocysteine, or pyrrolysine. In a specific embodiment, the postbiotic composition particularly comprises one or more of valine, threonine, glutamic acid, and glycine. The postbiotic composition may further comprise disodium succinate. In one embodiment, the postbiotic composition may be OXY 229PF, as described in detail above.

[0199] Fecal enzyme reduction postbiotic compositions and the use of these compositions on tissue products for inhibiting enzyme activity and controlling skin dermatitis are discussed above. In various embodiments, the postbiotic composition can be applied to the entire tissue product, or can be selectively applied to specific portions of the tissue product to promote transfer of the postbiotic composition to the wearer's skin. In various embodiments, the postbiotic composition covers the tissue product in an amount sufficient to ensure adequate transfer to the wearer's skin.

[0200] In various embodiments, the postbiotic composition can be used in combination with a tissue web to form a wet wipe (or can be included in a wetting composition for use in combination with a wipe that can be dispersible). In other embodiments, the postbiotic composition can be incorporated into wipes, such as wet wipes, hand wipes, facial wipes, cosmetic wipes, cloths, and the like.

[0201] In one embodiment, the wet wipe may include a nonwoven material (wetting composition) moistened with an aqueous solution, which may include at least one postbiotic composition disclosed herein (or entirely composed of at least one postbiotic composition disclosed herein). As used herein, a nonwoven material includes a fibrous material or substrate, wherein the fibrous material or substrate includes a sheet having a structure of individual fibers or filaments randomly arranged in a mat-like manner. The nonwoven material can be made by a variety of processes, including but not limited to air-laid processes, wet-laid processes (such as using cellulose-based tissues or paper towels), hydroentanglement processes, staple fiber combing and bonding, meltblowing, and solution spinning.

[0202] The fiber forming the fibrous material can be made of a variety of materials, including natural fibers, synthetic fibers and combinations thereof. The selection of fibers can depend on, for example, the expected end use of the final substrate and the fiber cost. For example, suitable fibers can include, but are not limited to, natural fibers, such as cotton, flax, jute, hemp, wool, wood pulp, etc. Similarly, suitable fibers can also include: regenerated cellulose fibers, such as viscose rayon and cuprammonium rayon; modified cellulose fibers, such as cellulose acetate; or synthetic fibers, such as those derived from polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides, polyacrylic acids, etc. As briefly discussed above, regenerated cellulose fibers include all kinds of rayon, as well as other fibers derived from viscose fibers or chemically modified cellulose, including regenerated cellulose and solvent-spun cellulose, such as Lyocell. In wood pulp fibers, any known papermaking fibers can be used, including softwood fibers and hardwood fibers. For example, the fiber can be chemically pulped or mechanically pulped, bleached or unbleached, virgin or recycled, high yield or low yield, etc. Chemically treated natural cellulosic fibers may be used, such as mercerized pulp, chemically stiffened or cross-linked fibers, or sulfonated fibers.

[0203] In addition, cellulose and other cellulose derivatives produced by microorganisms can be used. As used herein, the term "cellulose" is intended to include any material having cellulose as a major component, and specifically, at least 50% by weight of cellulose or cellulose derivatives. Thus, the term includes cotton, typical wood pulp, non-woody cellulosic fibers, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, rayon, thermomechanical wood pulp, chemical wood pulp, debonded chemical wood pulp, milkweed, or bacterial cellulose. If desired, blends of one or more of any of the aforementioned fibers can also be used.

[0204] The fibrous material may be formed of a single layer or multiple layers. In the case of multiple layers, the layers are generally positioned in a juxtaposed or face-to-face relationship, and all or a portion of the layers may be bonded to adjacent layers. The fibrous material may also be formed of a plurality of individual fibrous materials, each of which may be formed of different types of fibers.

[0205] Airlaid nonwoven fabrics are particularly suitable for use as wet wipes. The basis weight of the airlaid nonwoven fabric can be in the range of about 20 to about 200 grams per square meter (gsm), and the denier of the staple fibers is about 0.5 to about 10 and the length is about 6 to about 15 millimeters. The wet wipes can generally have a fiber density of about 0.025 g / cc to about 0.2 g / cc. The wet wipes can generally have a basis weight of about 20 gsm to about 150 gsm. More ideally, the basis weight can be about 30 gsm to about 90 gsm. Even more ideally, the basis weight can be about 50 gsm to about 75 gsm.

[0206] Methods for producing airlaid nonwoven basesheets are described, for example, in published US Patent Application No. 200610008621, which is incorporated herein by reference to the extent it is consistent herewith.

[0207] Unless defined otherwise, all scientific and technical terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the relevant art.The examples of the embodiments are for illustrative purposes only.

[0208] Example

[0209] To further demonstrate the principles of the present disclosure, the following examples are presented to provide a person of ordinary skill in the art with a description of how to prepare and evaluate the compositions, articles and methods claimed herein. They are intended to serve as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of their disclosure as the inventors believe. Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of numbers (e.g., amounts, temperatures, etc.); however, some errors and deviations should be considered. Unless otherwise stated, temperatures are ° C or ambient temperature, and pressures are atmospheric or near atmospheric. There are many variations and combinations of process conditions that can be used to optimize product quality and performance. Such process conditions can be optimized by simply conducting reasonable, routine experiments.

[0210] Example 1: Inhibition of fecal enzymes by postbiotic preparation OXY 229PF (Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysate)

[0211] Five postbiotic candidates were identified based on their skin health potential and commercial availability. The details are shown in Table 1 below.

[0212] Since fecal enzymes are the main skin irritants causing rash in the diaper area, the ability of five postbiotic candidates to inhibit fecal protease activity was evaluated in vitro. The detailed protocol for the enzyme activity assay is as follows.

[0213] Fecal enzyme inhibition assay

[0214] BAPNA (Na-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide) assay was performed to evaluate whether postbiotic candidates have an inhibitory effect on fecal proteases (chymotrypsin / trypsin). Postbiotic samples were prepared in vehicle (water, pH 7) according to the maximum recommended dose of each candidate in Table 1. 25 μl of the prepared solution (5% OXY 229PF, 2% 2% Marsturizer TM or 2% Pauseile TM) were mixed with 25 μl of fecal protease mixture (special enzymes for trypsin and chymotrypsin) at different doses. Finally, 50 μl of 5mM BAPNA substrate was accurately added before the assay, and the optical density (OD) at 405nm was measured for 10 minutes. The p-NA (p-nitroaniline) released from the substrate was measured according to the standard curve to calculate the protease activity. The degree of inhibition of fecal protease activity is expressed as % vehicle control. The results of enzyme activity assay are as follows.

[0215] OXY229 PF (Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysate) inhibits fecal enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner

[0216] The percent reduction in protease activity at different concentrations of fecal protease was monitored with or without the addition of postbiotics to the reaction mixture. was excluded from testing because it produced a turbid solution that would interfere with the assay. Of the four substances tested at the maximum recommended dose, OXY229PF reduced fecal protease activity ( Figure 1A ). The inhibition of fecal protease activity by OXY 229PF was further confirmed in reactions of serial dilutions of OXY 229PF. Dose-dependent inhibition was observed at each concentration of fecal protease tested, clearly demonstrating the ability of fecal protease to reduce fecal enzyme activity (Figure 1B). The OXY 229PF stock solution contained up to 25% glycerol. Glycerol did not mediate any inhibition. The pH range of the other postbiotics tested was similar, suggesting that pH is not a factor affecting the mechanism of action. Only OXY 229PF showed fecal enzyme inhibition ( Figure 1A ).

[0217] OXY 229PF is a skin care ingredient containing postbiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysate) and other actives such as glycerol and amino acids (valine, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine and disodium succinate). It is manufactured by DSM, marketed as a facial cosmetic, and is claimed to be "a skin bioactive ingredient designed to restore dull skin". They also state that the product's uses in skin health include 1) mitochondrial respiration activator; 2) ability to increase oxygen uptake by up to 750%; 3) ability to increase cell viability by up to 10%; 4) ability to increase cell renewal activity by up to 25%; and 5) reduction of sebum and Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii levels - a goal for controlling skin redness. There are currently no reports that OXY 229PF has fecal protease inhibition or has beneficial effects on diaper skin. Therefore, this study shows that OXY 229PF and its individual components can be used to inhibit fecal enzymes and promote diaper skin health.

[0218] summary

[0219] OXY229 PF (Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysate) has the ability to reduce the activity of fecal proteases (chymotrypsin and trypsin) in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, showing a novel mechanism of action that is beneficial to diaper skin health. According to this study, OXY229 PF (Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysate) is a good postbiotic that can prevent or reduce diaper rash caused by fecal proteases.

[0220]

[0221]

[0222]

[0223] Example 2: Study on the inhibitory effect of other yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysates on fecal protease

[0224] background

[0225] Example 1 The beneficial effects of DSM's OXY 229PF formulation on healthy diaper skin were determined. The formulation significantly inhibited fecal protease activity. The results suggest that it can be used as a postbiotic candidate that can be incorporated into diaper treatments, wipes or topical formulations to prevent diaper dermatitis. To investigate whether the underlying mechanism is due to a general characteristic of S. cerevisiae, other S. cerevisiae lysates were tested in a protease assay.

[0226] method

[0227] From various suppliers Saccharomyces cerevisiae Preparation of lysate solution

[0228] Contains Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysate LS 7979 formulation was obtained from BASF.

[0229] Another Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (CAS#8013-01-2). Fresh OXY 229PF (2023) and Relipidium preparations were obtained from DSM and Symrise, respectively. The original batch of OXY229PF (2021) tested in the prior art was also prepared and used as an experimental control. The raw preparation or powder from the supplier was diluted with water (pH 7) and the solution was prepared at the maximum recommended dose (2%-5%) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The final solution (2% 2% Sigma-Aldrich yeast extract, 2% Relipidium and 5% OXY 229PF). After pH measurement, the solution was tested for fecal protease assay (Na-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroaniline assay) to study the effect of various S. cerevisiae lysate preparations on fecal protease activity. Protease assay was performed as described in Example 1. pH adjusted water of 7 or 5 was also included in the assay for vehicle control.

[0230] Results and Discussion

[0231] Unlike OXY 229PF, other S. cerevisiae lysates did not inhibit fecal protease activity.

[0232] Consistent with previous observations, OXY 229PF solution (batch 2021 or 2023) reduced fecal enzyme activity compared to vehicle control, whereas Relipidium (a lactobacillus-modified yeast extract from Symrise) did not show any inhibitory effect ( Figure 7 ). The protease inhibition of OXY 229PF was consistent and reproducible across multiple runs and even across different batches. However, no Similar inhibition of other Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysates or Sigma-Aldrich extracts

[0233] ( Figure 7 ). This suggests that not all S. cerevisiae lysates have protease inhibitory effects and that, instead, strain-specific properties of S. cerevisiae can be attributed to effects on fecal protease activity.

[0234] Since OXY 229PF has a lower pH than the other substances (Table 3), comparison of protease activity in vehicles prepared at the same pH (pH 5) was performed to determine if the underlying mechanism was driven by pH. The inhibitory effect of OXY 229PF on protease activity exceeded the level of protease activity present in the vehicle prepared at the same pH (pH 5), suggesting that its effect is not mediated by pH but by other mechanisms that have yet to be analyzed.

[0235] Potential compositions for modulating fecal protease activity include divalent ions, including calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, or copper. As described above, various metabolites or protease inhibitors produced by specific strains of S. cerevisiae may also contribute to the observed inhibition.

[0236] sample pH 5%OXY 229PF (2021 batch) 5.40 5%OXY 229PF (2023 batch) 5.85 2% Relipidium 6.30 2% Vitacell 7.51 2% Sigma yeast extract 7.09 1% lactic acid solution 2.68

[0237] Table 3. pH values ​​of various Saccharomyces cerevisiae extracts and other postbiotic preparations

[0238] Finally, while the present disclosure has been presented in detail with respect to certain illustrative and specific aspects thereof, the present disclosure should not be construed as limited thereto since various modifications may be made without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined in the appended claims.

[0239] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure. Other embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art by considering the practice of the specification and methods disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples should be considered merely as exemplary, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

[0240] Exemplary Embodiments

[0241] Exemplary embodiment 1: A method of inhibiting the activity of one or more fecal enzymes, the method comprising exposing the fecal enzymes to a postbiotic composition, wherein the postbiotic composition reduces the activity of one or more of the fecal enzymes by 10% or more compared to a control.

[0242] Exemplary embodiment 2: The method of Exemplary embodiment 1, wherein the postbiotic composition comprises yeast lysate.

[0243] Exemplary embodiment 3: The method as described in Exemplary embodiment 2, wherein

[0244] Yeast lysate was derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0245] Exemplary embodiment 4: The method of any one of Exemplary embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the fecal enzyme is a serine protease.

[0246] Exemplary embodiment 5: The method according to Exemplary embodiment 4, wherein the serine protease is chymotrypsin or trypsin.

[0247] Exemplary embodiment 6: The method of any one of Exemplary embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the postbiotic composition further comprises one or more amino acids.

[0248] Exemplary embodiment 7: The method according to exemplary embodiment 6, wherein the one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of valine, threonine, glutamic acid and glycine.

[0249] Exemplary embodiment 8: The method of any one of Exemplary embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the postbiotic composition further comprises disodium succinate.

[0250] Exemplary embodiment 9: The method of any one of Exemplary embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the postbiotic composition comprises OXY 229PF.

[0251] Exemplary embodiment 10: The method according to exemplary embodiment 9, wherein the amount of OXY 229PF is between 0.5% and 10%.

[0252] Exemplary embodiment 11: The method of any one of Exemplary embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the fecal enzyme is present on the epidermal surface.

[0253] Exemplary embodiment 12: The method of any one of Exemplary embodiments 1 to 10, wherein fecal enzyme activity is reduced by 10% to 90% or more compared to a control.

[0254] Exemplary embodiment 13: A method for preventing or reducing fecal enzyme associated diaper dermatitis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising providing a postbiotic composition to the subject, wherein the postbiotic composition helps reduce or prevent fecal enzyme associated diaper dermatitis by 1% or more compared to a control.

[0255] Exemplary embodiment 14: The method of Exemplary embodiment 13, wherein the fecal enzyme-associated dermatitis is caused by one or more fecal enzymes.

[0256] Exemplary Embodiment 15: The method of Exemplary Embodiment 14, wherein the one or more fecal enzymes are present on the epidermal surface.

[0257] Exemplary embodiment 16: The method of Exemplary embodiment 14, wherein the fecal enzyme is a serine protease.

[0258] Exemplary embodiment 17: The method of Exemplary embodiment 16, wherein the serine protease is chymotrypsin or trypsin.

[0259] Exemplary embodiment 18: The method of any one of Exemplary embodiments 13 to 17, wherein the postbiotic composition comprises yeast lysate.

[0260] Exemplary embodiment 19: The method of Exemplary embodiment 17, wherein the yeast lysate is derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0261] Exemplary embodiment 20: The method of any one of Exemplary embodiments 13 to 19, wherein the postbiotic composition further comprises one or more amino acids.

[0262] Exemplary embodiment 21: The method of Exemplary embodiment 20, wherein the one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of valine, threonine, glutamic acid, and glycine.

[0263] Exemplary Embodiment 22: The method of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 13 to 22, wherein the postbiotic composition further comprises disodium succinate.

[0264] Exemplary Embodiment 23: The method of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 13 to 22, wherein the postbiotic composition comprises OXY 229PF.

[0265] Exemplary embodiment 24: The method of exemplary embodiment 23, wherein the amount of OXY 229PF is between 0.5% and 10%.

[0266] Exemplary embodiment 25: The method of any one of Exemplary embodiments 13 to 24, wherein protease-induced diaper dermatitis is reduced by 5% or more.

[0267] Exemplary Embodiment 26: An absorbent article comprising a composition, wherein the composition comprises yeast lysate.

[0268] Exemplary Embodiment 27: The absorbent article of Exemplary Embodiment 26, wherein the composition further comprises one or more amino acids.

[0269] Exemplary embodiment 28: The absorbent article of Exemplary embodiment 27, wherein the one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of valine, threonine, glutamic acid, and glycine.

[0270] Exemplary Embodiment 29: The absorbent article of any of Exemplary Embodiments 26 to 28, wherein the composition further comprises disodium succinate.

[0271] Exemplary Embodiment 30: The absorbent article of any one of Exemplary Embodiments 26 to 29, wherein the yeast lysate is derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0272] Exemplary Embodiment 31: The absorbent article of any of Exemplary Embodiments 26 to 30, wherein the composition is OXY 229PF.

[0273] Exemplary Embodiment 32: The absorbent article of Exemplary Embodiment 29 wherein OXY 229PF is present at a concentration of 0.5% to 10%.

[0274] Exemplary embodiment 33: An absorbent article as described in any of exemplary embodiments 26 to 32, wherein the absorbent article comprises diapers, diapers, training pants, older children's pants, swim pants, feminine hygiene products, adult care garments, medical garments, surgical pads and bandages, other personal care or healthcare garments.

[0275] Exemplary Embodiment 34: The absorbent article of Exemplary Embodiment 33, wherein the composition is disposed on the side of the absorbent article configured for contact with the wearer.

[0276] Exemplary Embodiment 35: The absorbent article of Exemplary Embodiment 34, wherein the side of the absorbent article configured for contact with a wearer comprises a bodyside liner.

Claims

1. A method of inhibiting the activity of one or more fecal enzymes, the method comprising exposing the fecal enzymes to a postbiotic composition, wherein the postbiotic composition reduces the activity of one or more of the fecal enzymes by 10% or more compared to a control.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the postbiotic composition comprises yeast lysate.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the yeast lysate is derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fecal enzyme is a serine protease.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the serine protease is chymotrypsin or trypsin.

6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the postbiotic composition further comprises one or more amino acids.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of valine, threonine, glutamic acid and glycine.

8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the postbiotic composition further comprises disodium succinate.

9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the postbiotic composition comprises OXY 229PF.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the amount of OXY 229PF is between 0.5% and 10%.

11. The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the fecal enzyme is present on the epidermal surface.

12. The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein fecal enzyme activity is reduced by 10% to 90% or more compared to a control.

13. A method of preventing or reducing fecal enzyme associated diaper dermatitis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising providing a postbiotic composition to the subject, wherein the postbiotic composition helps reduce or prevent fecal enzyme associated diaper dermatitis by 1% or more compared to a control.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the fecal enzyme-associated dermatitis is caused by one or more fecal enzymes.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the one or more fecal enzymes are present on the epidermal surface.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the fecal enzyme is a serine protease.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the serine protease is chymotrypsin or trypsin.

18. The method of any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the postbiotic composition comprises yeast lysate.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the yeast lysate is derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

20. The method of any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the postbiotic composition further comprises one or more amino acids.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of valine, threonine, glutamic acid and glycine.

22. The method of any one of claims 13 to 21, wherein the postbiotic composition further comprises disodium succinate.

23. The method of any one of claims 13 to 22, wherein the postbiotic composition comprises OXY 229PF.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the amount of OXY 229PF is between 0.5% and 10%.

25. The method of any one of claims 13 to 24, wherein protease-induced diaper dermatitis is reduced by 5% or more.

26. An absorbent article comprising a composition, wherein the composition comprises yeast lysate.

27. The absorbent article of claim 26, wherein the composition further comprises one or more amino acids.

28. The absorbent article of claim 27, wherein the one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of valine, threonine, glutamic acid, and glycine.

29. The absorbent article of any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein the composition further comprises disodium succinate.

30. The absorbent article of any one of claims 26 to 29, wherein the yeast lysate is derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

31. The absorbent article of any one of claims 26 to 30, wherein the composition is OXY 229PF.

32. The absorbent article of claim 29, wherein OXY 229PF is present at a concentration of 0.5% to 10%.

33. The absorbent article of any one of claims 26 to 32, wherein the absorbent article comprises diapers, diaper pants, training pants, older child pants, swim pants, feminine hygiene products, adult care garments, medical garments, surgical pads and bandages, other personal care or healthcare garments.

34. The absorbent article of claim 33, wherein the composition is disposed on the side of the absorbent article configured for contact with a wearer.

35. The absorbent article of claim 34, wherein the side of the absorbent article configured for contact with a wearer comprises a bodyside liner.

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