Method and device for identifying and correcting transverse offset of shot point, equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a shot point lateral offset identification and correction method and device, equipment and a medium, and belongs to the field of geophysical exploration. The method comprises the following steps: selecting near arrangement data on two sides of a shot point through shot point lateral offset characteristics, performing linear dynamic correction processing, superposing the data after linear dynamic correction, identifying the shot point with lateral offset through first arrival abnormal characteristics, qualitatively judging the direction and degree of the shot point lateral offset, and quantitatively calculating the shot point lateral offset error. And correcting the shot point coordinates in combination with the azimuth angle of the collected work area to obtain an accurate shot-geophone relationship. The method can quickly and effectively identify and calculate to obtain a small-degree shot point lateral offset error, correct the accurate position of the shot point, and obtain an accurate shot-geophone relationship. The method can be applied to seismic data processing in geophysical exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration, relates to a seismic data processing technology, and specifically relates to a method, device, equipment, and medium for identifying and correcting lateral offset of shot points. Background Art

[0002] With the development of seismic exploration technology, the exploration deployment of high-density small bins is becoming more and more common, which puts higher and higher requirements on the accuracy of shot-receiver relationship identification and correction. The original data recorded in the field often has the situation that the recorded shot point position does not match the actual shot point position of excitation. The wrong shot point position will reduce the imaging quality or cause wrong imaging. Effectively identifying the offset direction of the shot point and accurately correcting it can ensure the accuracy of the shot-receiver relationship during the processing, and provide reliable processing results for subsequent interpretation and evaluation work.

[0003] Shot point offset can be divided into longitudinal offset of the shot point, lateral offset of the shot point, and the situation where the shot point has offsets in both longitudinal and lateral directions. During the indoor processing stage, the main methods for checking the shot-receiver relationship of the field records include array checking, first arrival comparison, offset checking, and linear dynamic correction. Among them, the linear dynamic correction method is the most commonly used and has a relatively high accuracy method for shot offset identification. Because the shot point offset causes a sudden change in the first arrival of the near shot point after linear dynamic correction and is relatively easy to identify. The application of the above methods is mainly reflected in the inspection of the longitudinal offset of the shot point. For the lateral offset of the shot point, because the first arrival of the near shot point after linear dynamic correction caused by the lateral offset of the shot point is a gradual change and shows a left-right symmetric feature, and in addition, due to factors such as incomplete static correction of the reference surface for the near-surface low-velocity zone, currently, only single shots with large offset amounts causing obvious first arrival anomalies can be identified. For lateral offset shots with small offset amounts, there is a lack of identification methods and rectification measures with a certain accuracy.

[0004] Therefore, during the process of checking the shot-receiver relationship, it is necessary to provide a method for effectively identifying and correcting small-amplitude lateral offset of shot points to meet the requirements of the current development of seismic exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for identifying and correcting lateral offset of shot points, which can effectively identify and rectify the lateral offset of shot points with small offset amounts during the indoor processing stage, and its accuracy can meet the requirements of the current small bin observation system.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a device, a computer device, and a computer-readable storage medium for running the above method. To achieve the above objects, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows.

[0007] A method for identifying and correcting lateral offset of shot points. In the batch inspection of the shot-receiver relationship in the acquisition system, near-offset data on both sides of the shot point is selected, and linear moveout correction is performed. Through comprehensive judgment of the first-arrival anomaly characteristics obtained by stacking the linear moveout correction, the abnormal shot points with incorrect shot-receiver relationships caused by lateral offset of the shot point are identified, the lateral offset amount of the abnormal shot points is calculated, and the accurate shot-receiver relationship is corrected.

[0008] The near-offset data on both sides of the shot point is the seismic data received by the nearest one-column geophone lines on both sides of the shot point.

[0009] Furthermore, it includes the following steps carried out in sequence:

[0010] S1. Select the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point

[0011] Load the acquisition system, establish the shot-receiver relationship of the original data, use the static correction method to eliminate the influence of the near surface on the first arrival, and select the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point. Perform linear moveout correction on the near-offset data. The linear moveout correction formula is:

[0012]

[0013] where CORR is the linear moveout correction amount; offset is the shot-receiver offset; V offset is the velocity at the shot-receiver offset; offset r is the reference shot-receiver offset; is the velocity at the reference shot-receiver offset; is the first arrival at the reference shot-receiver offset; LW is the time window length; Scaler is the scale factor of the time window;

[0014] S2. Identify the shot points with lateral offset

[0015] Overlay and display the linear moveout corrected first arrival anomaly data of the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point to identify the shot points with lateral offset;

[0016] For the shot points with lateral offset, when the lateral offset of the shot point occurs, for the two side arrays, it must move away from one side receiving array and approach the other side receiving array. Therefore, the linear moveout corrected first arrival anomalies of the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point show opposite dislocation directions and complementary increase and decrease characteristics. Therefore, by analyzing the stacked linear moveout corrected data of the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point, the opposite dislocation directions of the first arrival anomalies in the dynamic display have high identification accuracy, so as to effectively identify the shot points with lateral offset with small offset amounts;

[0017] S3. Correct the lateral offset of the shot point

[0018] For the shot points with lateral offset, respectively read the first arrivals t of the near-offset data traces on both sides of the shot point1 and t 2 The lateral offset of the shot point |SS'| is obtained as follows:

[0019]

[0020] where δt is the first arrival time difference of linear moveout correction, v is the near-surface velocity,

[0021] The shot point coordinates are corrected with the lateral offset of the shot point to obtain a new source-receiver relationship file.

[0022] The derivation of the formula for obtaining the lateral offset of the shot point |SS'| is as follows:

[0023] S is the designed shot point position, S' is the actual shot point position. The designed offset and the actual offset at the receiver are offset and offset' respectively. The static correction amounts of the designed shot point and the actual shot point are Δt and Δt' respectively, and v is the near-surface velocity. Therefore, the first arrival time difference of linear moveout correction δt caused by the offset is:

[0024]

[0025] When the receiver is on the shot line where the shot point S is located, the lateral offset of the shot point |SS'| is:

[0026] |SS'| = |offset - offset'|

[0027] Read the first arrival times t1 and t2 of linear moveout correction of the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point respectively, and subtract them to obtain the first arrival time difference δt of linear moveout correction caused by the lateral offset of the shot point:

[0028] |t1 - t2| = 2δt

[0029] Combined with the near-surface velocity at this position, the lateral offset of the shot point can be obtained:

[0030] |SS'| = δt × v

[0031] Combining the above formulas, the formula for calculating the lateral offset of the shot point |SS'| is:

[0032]

[0033] where δt is the first arrival time difference of linear moveout correction, t1 and t2 are the first arrival times of linear moveout correction of the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point respectively, and v is the near-surface velocity.

[0034] Furthermore, the identification of the lateral offset of the shot point in step S2 is

[0035] When the dislocation direction of the linear moveout first arrival anomaly of the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point is vertical dislocation and the increase and decrease are complementary, this first arrival anomaly is caused by the lateral offset of the shot point, and there is a lateral offset of the shot point at this time;

[0036] When the dislocation directions of the linear moveout first arrival anomalies of the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point are the same, this first arrival anomaly is caused by incomplete static correction. At this time, there is no lateral offset of the shot point, and this shot point can be excluded.

[0037] Further, the static correction method described in step S1 is the datum plane static correction method to eliminate the influence of the near-surface low-velocity layer.

[0038] Further, after obtaining the corrected shot point position and shot-receiver relationship, it also includes the inspection step of the shot-receiver relationship, which is to repeat the above S1-S2 for the shots identified with lateral offset phenomena, check whether the obtained shot-receiver relationship file is correct. If the correction is incorrect, repeat the above step S3 until the accuracy requirement is met, and output the accurate shot-receiver relationship file.

[0039] The present invention also provides a device for identifying and correcting the lateral offset of a shot point, which is characterized by including:

[0040] Selecting the near-offset data units on both sides of the shot point: for loading the acquisition system for the original data, selecting the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point, and performing linear moveout correction processing;

[0041] Identifying the shot point unit with lateral offset: for stacking and displaying the linear moveout corrected data of the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point to identify the shot point with lateral offset;

[0042] Correcting the lateral offset unit of the shot point: for correcting the shot point coordinates with the lateral offset amount of the shot point to obtain a new shot-receiver relationship file.

[0043] The present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method for identifying and correcting the lateral offset of a shot point described in any one of the above.

[0044] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program for executing the method for identifying and correcting the lateral offset of a shot point described in any one of the above.

[0045] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects obtained by the present invention are:

[0046] (1) The method for identifying and correcting lateral offset of shot points provided by the present invention can effectively identify and correct the lateral offset of shot points to a small extent, determine the accurate shot-receiver relationship, and provide a reliable data basis for subsequent processing, imaging, and interpretation and evaluation work, having high applicability and popularization value;

[0047] (2) The method for identifying and correcting lateral offset of shot points provided by the present invention superimposes the linear moveout correction data of the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point. The first-arrival anomalies with opposite change directions in the dynamic display have high identification accuracy. Therefore, the identification and correction accuracy of the lateral offset of the shot point can reach more than 10 m, meeting the accuracy requirements of the acquisition system with a bin size of more than 5 m;

[0048] (3) The device, computer equipment, and computer-readable storage medium provided by the present invention can quickly and effectively realize the identification and correction of the lateral offset of shot points. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0050] Figure 1 FIG. is a diagram showing the variation characteristics of the first arrivals of the LMO of the CRP gathers on both sides when there is a lateral offset of the shot point in Embodiment 1;

[0051] Figure 2 FIG. is a diagram showing the variation characteristics of the first arrivals of the LMO of the CRP gathers on both sides of the shot point affected by static correction in Embodiment 1;

[0052] Figure 3 FIG. is a diagram showing the variation characteristics of the first arrivals of the nearest geophone line on one side of the shot point A in Embodiment 1. Among them, Figure 3 a is a quantitative relationship diagram between the first arrival of the nearest geophone line on one side of the shot point A and the time difference of LMO correction, Figure 3 b is a diagram showing the variation characteristics of the LMO first arrival of the nearest geophone line on one side of the shot point A;

[0053] Figure 4 FIG. is a diagram showing the variation characteristics of the first arrivals of the nearest geophone line on the other side of the shot point A in Embodiment 1. Among them, Figure 4 a is a quantitative relationship diagram between the first arrival of the nearest geophone line on the other side of the shot point A and the time difference of LMO correction, Figure 4 b is a diagram showing the variation characteristics of the LMO first arrival of the nearest geophone line on the other side of the shot point A;

[0054] Figure 5 FIG. is a comparison diagram before and after the lateral offset correction of the shot point A in Embodiment 1. Among them, Figure 5 a is a diagram showing the variation characteristics of the LMO first arrival of the nearest geophone line on one side of the shot point A before correction, Figure 5 b is a diagram showing the variation characteristics of the LMO first arrival of the nearest geophone line on one side of the shot point A after correction;

[0055] Figure 6 It is a comparison diagram before and after the lateral offset correction of shot point B in Example 1. Among them, Figure 6 a and Figure 6 b are respectively the first arrival change characteristic diagrams of the geophone lines LMO on both sides of shot point B before correction, Figure 6 c is the first arrival change characteristic diagram of the geophone lines LMO on both sides of shot point B after correction;

[0056] Figure 7 It is a flow chart of the device for identifying and correcting the lateral offset of the shot point in Example 2. Among them, 1. Select the near-array data units on both sides of the shot point; 2. Identify the lateral offset unit of the shot point; 3. Correct the lateral offset unit of the shot point. Specific implementation mode

[0057] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and understand the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0058] Example 1 A method for identifying and correcting the lateral offset of a shot point

[0059] In this embodiment, taking shot point A as an example, the method for identifying and correcting the lateral offset of the shot point includes the following steps carried out in sequence:

[0060] S1. Select the near-array data on both sides of shot point A

[0061] First, define the observation system for the decoded original data, select the near-array data on both sides of shot point A, apply the datum plane static correction method to eliminate the influence of the near-surface low-velocity zone, and perform linear dynamic correction processing on the selected near-array data. The linear dynamic correction formula is:

[0062]

[0063] where CORR is the linear dynamic correction amount; offset is the shot-receiver offset; V offset is the velocity at the shot-receiver offset; offset r is the reference shot-receiver offset; is the velocity at the reference shot-receiver offset; is the first arrival at the reference shot-receiver offset; LW is the time window length; Scaler is the scale factor of the time window;

[0064] S2. Identify the lateral offset of the shot point

[0065] When the misalignment direction of the linear dynamic correction first arrivals of the near-array data on both sides of the shot point is vertical misalignment and complementary increase and decrease, this first arrival anomaly is caused by the lateral offset of the shot point. At this time, there is a lateral offset of the shot point, as Figure 1 shown;

[0066] When the misalignment directions of the linear moveout first-arrival anomalies of the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point are the same, the first-arrival anomaly is caused by incomplete removal of the influence of the near-surface low-velocity layer by static correction. At this time, there is no lateral offset of the shot point, as Figure 2 shown;

[0067] In this embodiment, by comparing the linear moveout first-arrival anomalies of the near-offset data on both sides of shot point A, it is identified that there is a lateral offset of shot point A, as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, where Figure 3 a is the quantitative relationship diagram between the first arrival of the nearest geophone line on one side of shot point A and the time difference of LMO correction, Figure 3 b is the first arrival change characteristic diagram of the nearest geophone line on one side of shot point A; Figure 4 a is the quantitative relationship diagram between the first arrival of the nearest geophone line on the other side of shot point A and the time difference of LMO correction, Figure 4 b is the first arrival change characteristic diagram of the nearest geophone line on the other side of shot point A;

[0068] S3. Correct the lateral offset of the shot point

[0069] After stacking and analyzing the linear moveout first-arrival anomalies of the near-offset data on both sides of shot point A, the lateral offset amount |SS’| of the shot point is:

[0070]

[0071] where δt is the linear moveout first-arrival time difference, t1 and t2 are the linear moveout first-arrival times of the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point, and v is the near-surface velocity,

[0072] According to the above calculation, the lateral offset amount of shot point A is 33.8 m. Combining with the designed shot point x and y coordinates of shot point A, the correction amounts of the shot point x and y coordinates are obtained, and then the actual shot point x and y coordinates are obtained, completing the correction of the shot-receiver relationship. The comparison diagram of shot point A before and after lateral offset correction is as Figure 5 shown, where Figure 5 a is the first arrival change characteristic diagram of the nearest geophone line on one side of shot point A before correction, Figure 5 b is the first arrival change characteristic diagram of the nearest geophone line on one side of shot point A after correction. Through the above analysis, it can be seen that the first arrival anomaly amplitudes on both sides of the array are small, increasing and decreasing complementarily, and there is a phenomenon of lateral offset of the shot point with a small offset amount;

[0073] S4. Verification

[0074] Redefine the acquisition system with the new shot-receiver relationship, identify the lateral offset of the shot point according to the S1-S3 process, verify the corrected new shot-receiver relationship, and finally obtain the accurate shot-receiver relationship through iterative analysis and rectification and file it.

[0075] Effect verification

[0076] Select another shot point B and perform the operations as in Embodiment 1. It is identified that there is a lateral offset at shot point B. Through calculation, the lateral offset of shot point B is 10 m. As Figure 6 shown, where Figure 6 a and Figure 6 b are respectively the first arrival change characteristic diagrams of the geophone lines LMO on both sides of shot point B before correction, Figure 6 c is the first arrival change characteristic diagram of the geophone lines LMO on both sides of shot point B after correction. It can be seen from Figure 6 this that the recognition and correction accuracy of the lateral offset of the shot point of the present invention can reach more than 10 m, meeting the accuracy requirements of the observation system with a bin size of more than 5 m.

[0077] Embodiment 2 An apparatus for identifying and correcting lateral offset of shot point

[0078] Figure 7 The flowchart of an apparatus for identifying and correcting lateral offset of a shot point according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, including:

[0079] Select the near-offset data units on both sides of the shot point 1: for loading the observation system for the original data, selecting the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point, and performing linear moveout correction processing;

[0080] Identify the shot point unit 2 with lateral offset: for stacking and displaying the linear moveout first arrival abnormal data of the near-offset data on both sides of the shot point to identify the shot point with lateral offset;

[0081] Correct the lateral offset of the shot point unit 3: for correcting the shot point coordinates with the lateral offset of the shot point to obtain a new shot-geophone relationship file.

[0082] Embodiment 3 A computer device

[0083] This embodiment provides a computer device, which includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor to implement the method for identifying and correcting lateral offset of the shot point as described above.

[0084] The memory is used to store non-temporary computer-readable instructions. Specifically, the memory may include one or more computer program products, and the computer program products may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory, etc. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.

[0085] The processor can be a central processing unit (CPU) or other forms of processing units with data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and can control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. The processor is used to run the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory.

[0086] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in order to solve the technical problem of how to obtain good user experience effects, well-known structures such as communication buses and interfaces may also be included in this embodiment, and these well-known structures should also be included in the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0087] For the detailed description of this embodiment, reference can be made to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.

[0088] Embodiment 4 A computer-readable storage medium

[0089] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements the method for identifying and correcting lateral offset of shot points.

[0090] The computer-readable storage medium stores non-transitory computer-readable instructions. When the non-transitory computer-readable instructions are run by a processor, all or part of the steps of the methods in the foregoing embodiments are executed.

[0091] The above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium includes but is not limited to: optical storage media (such as CD-ROM and DVD), magneto-optical storage media (such as MO), magnetic storage media (such as magnetic tapes or external hard drives), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memories (such as memory cards), and media with built-in ROM (such as ROM cartridges).

[0092] It should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for identifying and correcting a shot point lateral offset, characterized in that: In the batch inspection of the gun-detection relationship of the observation system, the nearly arranged data on both sides of the gun point are selected for linear dynamic correction processing. By superimposing the linear dynamic correction data, the first arrival abnormal characteristics are comprehensively judged, and the abnormal guns with incorrect gun-detection relationship caused by the lateral offset of the gun point are identified. The lateral offset of the gun point of the abnormal gun is calculated, and the accurate gun-detection relationship is corrected. The near-array data on both sides of the shot point are seismic data received by the nearest columns of detection lines on both sides of the shot point.

2. The method for identifying and correcting the lateral offset of a shot point according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process includes the following steps: S1. Select the close arrangement data on both sides of the shot point Load the observation system, establish the shot-check relationship of the original data, use the static correction method to eliminate the influence of the near surface on the first arrival, and select the near-arrangement data on both sides of the shot point, and perform linear dynamic correction on the near-arrangement data; S2. Identify shot points with lateral offset The linear dynamic correction first arrival anomaly data of the near-arrangement data on both sides of the shot point are superimposed and displayed to identify the shot points with lateral displacement; S3. Correction of lateral offset of the shot point For a shot point with lateral offset, the shot point position initial arrivals t1 and t2 of the nearly arranged data channels on both sides of the shot point are read respectively, and the lateral offset of the shot point |SS'| is obtained as: Where δt is the linear dynamic correction first arrival time difference, v is the near-surface velocity, The gun point coordinates are corrected using the gun point lateral offset to obtain a new gun-detection relationship file.

3. The method for identifying and correcting the lateral offset of a shot point according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lateral offset of the identified shot point in step S2 is: When the displacement direction of the linear dynamic correction first arrival anomaly of the nearly arranged data on both sides of the shot point is up and down displacement and the increase and decrease are complementary, the first arrival anomaly is caused by the lateral displacement of the shot point. At this time, the shot point has a lateral displacement; When the displacement directions of the linear dynamic correction first arrival anomaly of the nearly arranged data on both sides of the shot point are consistent, the first arrival anomaly is caused by incomplete static correction, and there is no lateral offset of the shot point at this time.

4. The method for identifying and correcting the lateral offset of a shot point according to claim 2, characterized in that: The static correction method described in step S1 is a reference surface static correction method.

5. The method for identifying and correcting the lateral offset of a shot point according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: After obtaining the corrected shot point position and shot-detection relationship, a shot-detection relationship checking step is also included, which is to repeat the above S1 to S2 for the identified guns with lateral offset phenomenon, and check whether the corrected shot-detection relationship file is correct. If the correction is incorrect, repeat the above S3 step until the accuracy requirements are met, and output an accurate shot-detection relationship file.

6. A device for identifying and correcting the lateral offset of a shot point as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: Select the nearly arranged data units on both sides of the shot point: used to load the observation system with the original data, select the nearly arranged data on both sides of the shot point, and perform linear dynamic correction processing; Identify the shot point unit with lateral offset: It is used to overlay the linear dynamic correction data of the near-arrangement data on both sides of the shot point to identify the shot point with lateral offset; The unit for correcting the lateral offset of the gun point is used to correct the gun point coordinates by the lateral offset of the gun point to obtain a new gun-detection relationship file.

7. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the method for identifying and correcting the lateral offset of a shot point described in any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method for identifying and correcting shot point lateral offsets as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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