A biomass fuel pellet preparation device and a preparation method

Abstract

The present invention provides a biomass fuel pellet preparation device and a preparation method, belonging to the technical field of granulators. The device for preparing biomass fuel pellets includes: a bracket provided with a mounting seat; a fixed shell fixedly connected to the mounting seat; a driving shaft rotatably connected to the mounting seat, the driving shaft passing through the fixed shell and rotatably connected thereto; a mounting shaft detachably connected to the driving shaft, the mounting shaft being rotatably connected with two grinding rollers symmetrically distributed centrosymmetrically; and a grinding disc provided on the driving shaft, the grinding disc being in sealed sliding connection with the fixed shell. By changing the position of the grinding disc, increasing the distance between the grinding disc and the grinding rollers on the mounting shaft, reducing the local pressure between the grinding disc and the grinding rollers on the mounting shaft, providing a space for the redistribution of the material therebetween, enabling the stuck material to re-enter the grinding area, and no longer requiring shutdown for treatment, the overall working efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of granulators, and particularly relates to a biomass fuel pellet preparation device and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Biomass fuel pellets are a kind of renewable energy products made from various biomass raw materials (such as wood waste, crop residues, herbaceous plants, etc.). They are usually used to replace traditional fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among them, the flat die granulator, as the core device for biomass pellet preparation, its performance directly determines the output, density and combustion efficiency of pellet fuel.

[0003] The traditional flat die granulator compresses biomass raw materials into pellet fuels through the extrusion of grinding rollers and grinding disks. However, in actual production, it is found that at the initial stage of equipment startup, the grinding rollers are easily stuck by the raw materials and cannot rotate self - sufficiently, resulting in abnormal granulation. At the same time, it will also cause an increase in the load of the motor output shaft, and the surfaces of the grinding disk and the grinding rollers will be worn due to increased friction. In severe cases, it will cause the motor to be overloaded and damaged. At this time, it is necessary to stop the machine, clean the materials under the grinding rollers, and then restart the granulator. The overall process is relatively cumbersome and slows down the overall granulation progress. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the disadvantages existing in the use of the existing flat die granulator, the present invention provides a biomass fuel pellet preparation device and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] The technical solution is: a biomass fuel pellet preparation device, including:

[0006] A bracket, the bracket is provided with a mounting seat;

[0007] A fixed shell, fixedly connected to the mounting seat. A feeding shell and a discharge port are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the fixed shell, and a cutting edge is arranged inside the fixed shell;

[0008] A driving shaft, rotatably connected to the mounting seat. The driving shaft passes through the fixed shell and is rotatably connected to it. The bracket is provided with a driving module for driving the driving shaft to rotate, and a feeding disk rotatably connected to the fixed shell is fixedly connected to the driving shaft;

[0009] An installation shaft, detachably connected to the driving shaft. Two grinding rollers symmetrically distributed around the center are rotatably connected to the installation shaft;

[0010] A grinding disk, arranged on the driving shaft. The grinding disk is in sealed sliding connection with the fixed shell. The grinding disk is provided with a plurality of granulation holes, and the grinding disk is located below the installation shaft;

[0011] The first hydraulic telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the mounting seat, and the telescopic end of the first hydraulic telescopic rod passes through the fixed housing and is fixedly connected to the grinding disc through a connecting rod.

[0012] Furthermore, it further includes:

[0013] The feeding plates, there are two symmetrically distributed about the center, are both fixedly connected to the mounting shaft, and the two feeding plates and the two grinding rollers are staggeredly distributed;

[0014] The moving sleeve is rotatably and slidably connected to the grinding disc, the moving sleeve is spline-connected to the driving shaft, and the moving sleeve is fixedly connected to the cutting edge;

[0015] The moving frames, there are two symmetrically distributed about the center, are both arranged on the moving sleeve, and the moving frames are slidably connected to the adjacent feeding plates;

[0016] The second hydraulic telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the mounting seat, the telescopic end of the second hydraulic telescopic rod passes through the fixed housing, a connecting member is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second hydraulic telescopic rod, and the connecting member on the second hydraulic telescopic rod is rotatably connected to the moving sleeve.

[0017] Furthermore, the maximum moving distance of the moving sleeve on the driving shaft is A, the maximum distance of the grinding disc on the fixed housing is B, and the minimum distance between the grinding disc and the feeding plate is C, and A - B > C.

[0018] Furthermore, it further includes:

[0019] The scraping plates, there are two symmetrically distributed about the center, are respectively rotatably connected to the adjacent moving frames, a torsion spring is fixedly connected to the scraping plates and the adjacent moving frames together, and when the feeding plate contacts the adjacent scraping plate, it limits the adjacent scraping plate.

[0020] Furthermore, both of the two scraping plates are provided with inclined surfaces for cleaning and guiding the materials adhered to the upper side of the grinding disc when the moving frame disturbs the materials on the grinding disc.

[0021] Furthermore, it further includes:

[0022] The connecting columns, there are two symmetrically distributed about the center, are respectively fixedly connected to the adjacent moving frames, the connecting columns are slidably connected to the moving sleeve, and a tension spring is fixedly connected between the connecting columns and the moving sleeve.

[0023] Furthermore, it further includes:

[0024] The first shielding member is fixedly connected to the upper end of the driving shaft and is rotatably connected to the guide housing;

[0025] A second shielding member is connected to the first shielding member in a limiting and sliding manner and is rotatably connected to the material guiding housing;

[0026] A third shielding member is connected to the second shielding member in a limiting and sliding manner and is rotatably connected to the material guiding housing. An inclined surface is provided on the third shielding member for guiding the material when the material enters the fixed housing;

[0027] A driving mechanism is arranged in the material guiding housing. The driving mechanism is used for changing the flow area of the through hole on the first shielding member when the grinding disc moves.

[0028] Furthermore, the first shielding member, the second shielding member and the third shielding member are all composed of a sector block symmetrically distributed about the center and a circular ring, and the circumferential angles corresponding to the sector blocks of the three are all equal to the included angle between the central axis of the mounting shaft and the scraping plate, and this angle is not less than 60°. The maximum rotation angle of the second shielding member relative to the first shielding member and the maximum rotation angle of the second shielding member relative to the third shielding member are both equal to 60°.

[0029] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes:

[0030] A third hydraulic telescopic rod is fixedly connected inside the material guiding housing;

[0031] A driving rod is rotatably connected to the telescopic end of the third hydraulic telescopic rod. A limiting groove is provided on the driving rod. The driving rod passes through the second shielding member and the third shielding member, and the driving rod is connected to the driving shaft by splines;

[0032] A limiting ball is fixedly connected to the third shielding member, and the limiting ball is located in the limiting groove;

[0033] A sealing member is fixedly connected between the third shielding member and the driving rod, and the sealing member is made of an elastic and deformable material.

[0034] A method for preparing biomass fuel particles, based on the above-mentioned biomass fuel particle preparation device, includes the following steps:

[0035] S1: Start the driving module. The driving module drives the driving shaft to rotate, and the driving shaft drives the mounting shaft, the cutting edge, the material guiding plate, the moving sleeve, the scraping plate and the first shielding member to rotate synchronously;

[0036] S2: Convey the pretreated material into the material guiding housing. After being guided by the material guiding housing, it falls on the third shielding member. Under the guidance of the third shielding member, the material moves into the fixed housing and falls between the material guiding plate and the grinding roller;

[0037] S3: The rotating material guide plate pre-levels the material. At the same time, the grinding roller and the grinding disc jointly extrude the material, causing the material to pass through the granulation holes on the grinding disc. The rotating cutting edge cuts the material into particles of a specified length. The cut particles fall downward onto the material guide plate and are moved outward through the discharge port of the fixed housing under the action of the centrifugal force generated during the rotation of the material guide plate.

[0038] S4: When the grinding roller is jammed, the first hydraulic telescopic rod, the second hydraulic telescopic rod, and the third hydraulic telescopic rod are started. The first hydraulic telescopic rod drives the grinding disc to move downward to loosen the material. The second hydraulic telescopic rod drives the moving sleeve to move downward, causing the scraping plate to contact the grinding disc. During the rotation of the scraping plate, the material adhered to the grinding disc is scraped and dispersed. The third hydraulic telescopic rod drives the driving rod to move downward, causing the limiting ball to drive the third shielding member to rotate under the extrusion of the limiting groove, and the third shielding member drives the second shielding member to rotate to block the material guide housing and maintain the stability of the material volume in the fixed housing.

[0039] S5: At the same time, the second hydraulic telescopic rod and the first hydraulic telescopic rod are started in reverse. After the first hydraulic telescopic rod drives the grinding disc to return to the initial position and the second hydraulic telescopic rod drives the moving sleeve to return to the initial position, the third hydraulic telescopic rod is started in reverse. The third hydraulic telescopic rod drives the driving rod to return, and the granulation process continues.

[0040] S6: After the preparation is completed, the drive module is shut down.

[0041] The beneficial effects are as follows: By changing the position of the grinding disc, increasing the distance between the grinding disc and the grinding roller on the mounting shaft, reducing the local pressure between the grinding disc and the grinding roller on the mounting shaft, providing a space for the redistribution of the material between the two, enabling the jammed material to re-enter the grinding area, eliminating the need for shutdown processing, and improving the overall working efficiency.

[0042] After the grinding disc moves, the moving frame disturbs the material on the grinding disc, causing the material to move through the gaps between the vertically placed cylinders on the moving frame, thereby dispersing the material and making the material compacted by the grinding roller loose again (reducing the probability of the material forming hard lumps or caking layers), thus reducing the probability of the grinding roller slipping during rotation.

[0043] After the grinding disc moves, the first shielding member, the second shielding member, and the third shielding member cooperate to block the material guide housing, reducing the volume of the material in the material guide housing entering the fixed housing, thereby maintaining the stability of the material volume in the fixed housing and reducing the risk of the material being blocked by the grinding disc due to the continuous increase of the material in the fixed housing after the grinding disc moves downward and the resulting secondary accumulation of the material in the fixed housing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural sectional view of the fixed shell and the material guiding shell of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the grinding disc and the first hydraulic telescopic rod of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural sectional view of the grinding disc of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural sectional view of the material guiding plate of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the moving frame and the scraping plate of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the connecting column and the tension spring of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural sectional view of the scraping plate of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the first shielding member and the second shielding member of the present invention.

[0053] Reference numerals in the drawings: 1, support; 2, mounting seat; 3, fixed shell; 31, material guiding shell; 32, cutting edge; 33, material guiding disc; 34, grinding roller; 4, drive shaft; 5, mounting shaft; 6, grinding disc; 7, first hydraulic telescopic rod; 8, material guiding plate; 9, moving frame; 10, moving sleeve; 11, second hydraulic telescopic rod; 12, scraping plate; 14, torsion spring; 15, connecting column; 16, tension spring; 17, first shielding member; 18, second shielding member; 19, third shielding member; 20, third hydraulic telescopic rod; 21, drive rod; 22, limiting groove; 23, limiting ball; 24, seal. Detailed implementation manners

[0054] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Example 1: A biomass fuel pellet preparation device, as Figures 1-4As shown in the figure, it includes a bracket 1, on which there is a mounting seat 2; a fixed shell 3, fixedly connected to the mounting seat 2, on the upper side of the fixed shell 3 there is a fixedly connected and communicating material guiding shell 31, on the lower side of the fixed shell 3 there is a discharge port, and in the fixed shell 3 there is a cutting edge 32; a driving shaft 4, rotatably connected to the mounting seat 2, the driving shaft 4 passes through the fixed shell 3 and is rotatably connected thereto, on the bracket 1 there is a driving module for driving the driving shaft 4 to rotate, the driving shaft 4 is fixedly connected with a material guiding disk 33, and the material guiding disk 33 is rotatably connected to the fixed shell 3; a mounting shaft 5, detachably connected to the driving shaft 4, on the mounting shaft 5 there are two grinding rollers 34 symmetrically distributed at the center, and the mounting shaft 5 is located inside the fixed shell 3; a grinding disk 6, arranged on the driving shaft 4, the grinding disk 6 is hermetically and slidably connected to the fixed shell 3, the grinding disk 6 is provided with a plurality of granulation holes, and the grinding disk 6 is located below the mounting shaft 5; a first hydraulic telescopic rod 7, fixedly connected to the mounting seat 2, the telescopic end of the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7 passes through the fixed shell 3 and is slidably connected thereto, and the telescopic end of the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7 is fixedly connected to the grinding disk 6 through a connecting rod.

[0056] In the above solution, the discharge port on the fixed shell 3 is located on its front side, used to discharge the biomass fuel particles inside it, the material guiding shell 31 is a frustum shell, and the minimum diameter of the material guiding shell 31 is smaller than the diameter of the fixed shell 3; the driving module on the bracket 1 is a combination of a motor and a reducer, where the motor is not shown in the figure, the input shaft of the reducer is connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the output shaft of the reducer is connected to the driving shaft 4; the material guiding disk 33 is located below the grinding disk 6, and the upper side of the material guiding disk 33 is flush with the lower side of the discharge port on the fixed shell 3; the specific number and diameter of the granulation holes on the grinding disk 6 are specifically selected by the staff according to the actual use situation.

[0057] In this embodiment, the driving shaft 4 is spline-connected to the cutting edge 32, and the cutting edge 32 is rotatably connected to the grinding disk 6.

[0058] The specific working process of the above solution is as follows:

[0059] When it is necessary to use this device to prepare biomass fuel particles, the staff starts the driving module, which drives the driving shaft 4 to rotate, and the driving shaft 4 drives the cutting edge 32 and the material guiding disk 33 to rotate synchronously. The driving shaft 4 drives the mounting shaft 5 to rotate, and the mounting shaft 5 drives the two grinding rollers 34 to rotate synchronously (with the central axis of the driving shaft 4 as the rotation axis). Subsequently, the staff transports the pretreated material to the material guiding shell 31 through an existing conveying device. Then the material drops into the fixed shell 3 along the material guiding shell 31. The material entering the fixed shell 3 is extruded by the combined pressure of the grinding rollers 34 and the grinding disk 6 and passes through a plurality of granulation holes on the grinding disk 6 (during this process, the grinding disk 6 rotates by itself due to the frictional force of the material on the grinding disk 6). At the same time, the material passing through the grinding disk 6 is cut into particles of a specified length by the cutting edge 32, that is, the biomass fuel particles are prepared.

[0060] After the material passing through the grinding disc 6 is cut into a specified length by the cutting edge 32 to form biomass fuel particles, the cut particles fall on the material guiding disc 33 and move outside the fixed housing 3 through the discharge port on the fixed housing 3 under the influence of the centrifugal force generated during the rotation of the material guiding disc 33. The staff collects the prepared biomass fuel particles for subsequent use.

[0061] At the beginning of the startup of the driving module, the staff observes the discharging situation of the discharge port of the fixed housing 3. If the discharge port of the fixed housing 3 can discharge normally, the device can be used to produce biomass fuel particles according to the above operation. When the grinding roller 34 is stuck by the material and cannot rotate by itself, the biomass fuel particles cannot flow out of the discharge port of the fixed housing 3 normally. Subsequently, the staff starts the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7, and the telescopic end of the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7 drives the grinding disc 6 and the cutting edge 32 to move downward synchronously, increasing the distance between the grinding disc 6 and the grinding roller 34, reducing the local pressure between the grinding disc 6 and the grinding roller 34, providing space for the redistribution of the material between the two, and after the grinding disc 6 moves downward to the limit position, the staff reversely starts the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7, and the telescopic end of the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7 drives the grinding disc 6 to move upward to the initial position, and repeats the above process. By changing the contact position of the material on the grinding disc 6 with the grinding roller 34, the stuck material can re-enter the grinding area, so that the material on the grinding disc 6 is squeezed by the grinding roller 34 again and forms normally, without the need for the staff to stop the machine for processing, improving the overall working efficiency.

[0062] Until a certain amount of biomass fuel particles are prepared using this device, the staff shuts down the driving module and cleans the device for subsequent continued use of the device to prepare biomass fuel particles.

[0063] Embodiment 2: On the basis of Embodiment 1, as Figures 2-5 shown, it further includes: guiding plates 8, two of which are symmetrically distributed about the center and are fixedly connected to the mounting shaft 5. The two guiding plates 8 and the two grinding rollers 34 are distributed in a staggered manner; a moving sleeve 10 is rotatably and slidably connected to the grinding disc 6. The moving sleeve 10 is spline-connected to the driving shaft 4, and the moving sleeve 10 is fixedly connected to the cutting edge 32; there are two moving frames 9 that are symmetrically distributed about the center, both of which are arranged on the moving sleeve 10, and the moving frames 9 are slidably connected to the adjacent guiding plates 8; a second hydraulic telescopic rod 11 is fixedly connected to the mounting seat 2. The telescopic end of the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11 passes through the fixed housing 3, and a connecting member is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11. The connecting member on the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11 is rotatably connected to the moving sleeve 10.

[0064] In the above solution, the material guide plate 8 is used to pre-level the materials entering the fixed housing 3; the moving frame 9 is composed of several vertically placed cylinders and one horizontally placed cylinder, and the specific number and spacing of the vertically placed cylinders can be selected by the staff according to the actual usage requirements; initially, the cutting edge 32 is in contact with the grinding disc 6.

[0065] As Figure 4 shown, the maximum moving distance of the moving sleeve 10 on the driving shaft 4 is A, the maximum distance of the grinding disc 6 on the fixed housing 3 is B, and the minimum distance between the grinding disc 6 and the material guide plate 8 is C. A - B > C, ensuring that when the grinding disc 6 moves downward to the limit position, the moving sleeve 10 can drive the moving frame 9 to move downward to the position where it contacts the upper side of the grinding disc 6 (in the embodiment, neither the grinding disc 6 nor the moving sleeve 10 needs to move to the limit position).

[0066] In this embodiment, the moving frame 9 is fixedly connected to the moving sleeve 10.

[0067] The specific working process of the above solution is as follows:

[0068] During the rotation of the driving shaft 4, the driving shaft 4 drives the moving sleeve 10 and the cutting edge 32 to rotate synchronously. At the same time, the mounting shaft 5 drives the two material guide plates 8 and the two moving frames 9 to rotate synchronously. During the rotation of the two material guide plates 8, the materials entering the fixed housing 3 are scraped and sorted to facilitate the subsequent extrusion by the grinding roller 34.

[0069] When the staff starts the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7, the staff also starts the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11 at the same time. The telescopic end of the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11 drives the moving sleeve 10 and the cutting edge 32 to move downward synchronously through the connecting piece on it. The moving sleeve 10 drives the two moving frames 9 to move downward synchronously. After the grinding disc 6 moves downward to the limit position, the staff shuts down the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7 and continues to lower the height of the telescopic end of the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11. When the lower sides of the two moving frames 9 move downward to contact the upper side of the grinding disc 6, the staff shuts down the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11.

[0070] After the two moving frames 9 move downward to contact the grinding disc 6, during the process of the driving shaft 4 driving the two moving frames 9 to rotate through the two material guide plates 8, the two moving frames 9 disturb the materials on the grinding disc 6, causing the materials to move through the gaps between the vertically placed cylinders on the moving frame 9, thereby dispersing the materials and making the materials compacted by the grinding roller 34 become loose again (reducing the probability of the materials forming hard lumps or caking layers), thereby reducing the probability of the grinding roller 34 slipping during rotation.

[0071] After a specified time of disturbing the material, the staff reversely starts the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7 and the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11. The telescopic end of the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11 drives the moving sleeve 10 to reset upward, thereby driving the two moving frames 9 to reset upward. At the same time, the telescopic end of the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7 drives the grinding disc 6 to reset to the initial position. After the grinding disc 6 resets to the initial position, the staff shuts down the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7. At this time, the moving sleeve 10 has not reset to the initial position. After the moving sleeve 10 resets to the initial position, the staff shuts down the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11 to continue manufacturing biomass fuel pellets.

[0072] Embodiment 3: On the basis of Embodiment 2, as Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 8 shown, it further includes: scraping plates 12, two of which are symmetrically distributed about the center and are respectively rotatably connected to adjacent moving frames 9. The scraping plates 12 and the adjacent moving frames 9 are jointly fixedly connected with torsion springs 14. When the guiding plate 8 contacts the adjacent scraping plate 12, it limits the adjacent scraping plate 12.

[0073] In the above solution, the scraping plate 12 is initially in contact with the adjacent guiding plate 8 and is squeezed downward by the lower side of the adjacent guiding plate 8; the torsion spring 14 is initially in a state of storing energy.

[0074] As Figures 5-7 shown, both of the two scraping plates 12 are provided with inclined surfaces for cleaning and guiding the materials adhered to the upper side of the grinding disc 6 when the moving frame 9 disturbs the materials on the grinding disc 6. When both of the two scraping plates 12 are in a horizontal state, the lower edge line of the front scraping plate 12 is located on the right side of the adjacent guiding plate 8, and the lower edge line of the rear scraping plate 12 is located on the left side of the adjacent guiding plate 8.

[0075] The specific working process of the above solution is as follows:

[0076] During the process of the driving shaft 4 driving the two guiding plates 8 to rotate through the mounting shaft 5, the guiding plate 8 drives the adjacent scraping plate 12 to rotate synchronously through the adjacent moving frame 9. During the process of the moving sleeve 10 driving the two moving frames 9 to move downward, the two moving frames 9 respectively drive the adjacent scraping plates 12 to move downward synchronously. When the scraping plate 12 loses contact with the adjacent guiding plate 8, the scraping plate 12 gradually rotates relative to the adjacent moving frame 9 under the action of the adjacent torsion spring 14, that is, the scraping plate 12 rotates from the vertical state to the horizontal state (taking the Figure 1 main perspective as the reference, the front scraping plate 12 rotates counterclockwise, and the rear scraping plate 12 rotates clockwise) until the scraping plate 12 rotates to the horizontal state, and the torsion spring 14 no longer stores energy.

[0077] After moving downward on the lower side of the rotated scraping plate 12 until it contacts the upper side of the grinding disc 6, the staff shuts down the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11. The scraping plate 12 in the horizontal state scrapes and cleans the materials adhering to the grinding disc 6, and the materials cleaned off are guided by the inclined surface on the scraping plate 12 to move onto the adjacent moving frame 9, so that this part of the materials passes through the gaps between the vertically placed cylinders on the moving frame 9, further increasing the dispersion degree of the materials.

[0078] During the process of reversely starting the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11, the adjacent scraping plate 12 is driven by the moving frame 9 to move upward synchronously. When the scraping plate 12 contacts the adjacent material guiding plate 8, the scraping plate 12 is squeezed by the adjacent material guiding plate 8 and rotates relative to the adjacent material guiding plate 8, so that the scraping plate 12 rotates back to the vertical state (during this process, the adjacent torsion spring 14 is re-twisted and stores energy) for subsequent use.

[0079] Embodiment 4: On the basis of Embodiment 3, as Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, it further includes: connecting columns 15, two of which are symmetrically distributed about the center and are respectively fixedly connected to the adjacent moving frames 9. The connecting columns 15 are slidably connected to the moving sleeves 10, and a tension spring 16 is fixedly connected between the connecting columns 15 and the moving sleeves 10.

[0080] The specific working process of the above solution is as follows:

[0081] During the process of the moving sleeve 10 moving downward, the moving sleeve 10 drives the connecting column 15 to move downward through the tension spring 16, and the connecting column 15 drives the adjacent moving frame 9 to move downward synchronously. Until the moving sleeve 10 stops moving downward, the connecting column 15 stops moving synchronously (during this process, the tension spring 16 is always in an un-stretched state). During the process of the scraping plate 12 in the above horizontal state cleaning the materials adhering to the grinding disc 6, if the materials adhering to the grinding disc 6 are too firm, the resistance provided by this part of the impurities to the scraping plate 12 increases, causing the scraping plate 12 to rotate reversely relative to the adjacent moving frame 9 due to the resistance (the front scraping plate 12 rotates clockwise, and the rear scraping plate 12 rotates counterclockwise), and twisting and storing energy in the adjacent torsion spring 14. At the same time, during the process of the scraping plate 12 rotating reversely, the scraping plate 12 squeezes the adjacent moving frame 9, causing the moving frame 9 to move upward relative to the moving sleeve 10 along the adjacent material guiding plate 8, thereby driving the adjacent connecting column 15 to move upward relative to the moving sleeve 10, stretching and storing energy in the adjacent tension spring 16, so that the scraping plate 12 scrapes and cleans this part of the impurities layer by layer from top to bottom, thereby reducing the direct force between the scraping plate 12 and this part of the materials and extending the service life of the scraping plate 12.

[0082] After the scraping plate 12 passes through this part of the material, the scraping plate 12 rotates back to the horizontal state under the action of the adjacent torsion spring 14. At the same time, under the action of the tension spring 16, the lower side of the scraping plate 12 after rotation comes into contact with the upper side of the grinding disc 6 again, so as to disturb the material at other positions.

[0083] Embodiment 5: On the basis of Embodiment 4, as Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 9 shown, it further includes: a first shielding member 17, fixedly connected to the upper end of the driving shaft 4 and rotatably connected to the material guiding shell 31; a second shielding member 18, limited and slidably connected to the first shielding member 17 and rotatably connected to the material guiding shell 31; a third shielding member 19, limited and slidably connected to the second shielding member 18 and rotatably connected to the material guiding shell 31. An inclined surface is provided on the third shielding member 19 for guiding the material when the material enters the fixed shell 3; a driving mechanism is arranged in the material guiding shell 31, and the driving mechanism is used to change the flow area of the through hole on the first shielding member 17 when the grinding disc 6 moves.

[0084] In the above solution, the first shielding member 17, the second shielding member 18 and the third shielding member 19 are arranged in order from bottom to top, and the rotatable directions of the second shielding member 18 on the first shielding member 17 and the third shielding member 19 on the second shielding member 18 are both opposite to the rotation direction of the driving shaft 4.

[0085] As Figure 9 shown, the first shielding member 17, the second shielding member 18 and the third shielding member 19 are all composed of a sector block symmetrically distributed about the center and a ring, and the sector block is located in the adjacent ring. The circumferential angles corresponding to the sector blocks of the three are all equal to the angle between the central axis of the mounting shaft 5 and the scraping plate 12, and this angle is not less than 60°. The maximum rotation angles of the second shielding member 18 on the first shielding member 17 and the second shielding member 18 on the third shielding member 19 are both equal to 60°, ensuring that the disc formed after the rotation of the three can completely shield the through hole on the lower side of the material guiding shell 31.

[0086] As Figure 9 shown, the driving mechanism includes: a third hydraulic telescopic rod 20, fixedly connected in the material guiding shell 31; a driving rod 21, rotatably connected to the telescopic end of the third hydraulic telescopic rod 20. A limiting groove 22 is provided on the driving rod 21. The driving rod 21 passes through the second shielding member 18 and the third shielding member 19, and the driving rod 21 is in spline connection with the driving shaft 4; a limiting ball 23, fixedly connected to the third shielding member 19, and the limiting ball 23 is located in the limiting groove 22; a sealing member 24, fixedly connected between the third shielding member 19 and the driving rod 21, and the sealing member 24 is made of an elastic deformable material.

[0087] In the above solution, the projection of the limiting groove 22 on the horizontal plane is arc-shaped, and the central angle corresponding to the arc is 120°; the seal 24 is used to block the limiting groove 22 to prevent materials from entering the limiting groove 22 and affecting the normal use of the limiting groove 22.

[0088] The specific working process of the above solution is as follows:

[0089] During the rotation of the driving shaft 4 above, the driving shaft 4 drives the first shielding member 17 to rotate, the first shielding member 17 drives the second shielding member 18 to rotate, the second shielding member 18 drives the third shielding member 19 to rotate. At the same time, the driving shaft 4 drives the driving rod 21 to rotate synchronously relative to the third hydraulic telescopic rod 20, and the inclined surface on the third shielding member 19 guides the materials falling on it, so that the materials flow between the front guide plate 8 and the right grinding roller 34 and between the rear guide plate 8 and the left grinding roller 34.

[0090] When the staff starts the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7 above, the staff synchronously starts the third hydraulic telescopic rod 20. The telescopic end of the third hydraulic telescopic rod 20 drives the driving rod 21 to move downward, and the seal 24 contracts under the extrusion force. At the same time, during the downward movement of the driving rod 21, the limiting ball 23 is squeezed by the limiting groove 22 to drive the third shielding member 19 to rotate (taking the perspective of looking down in the [ ] as the reference perspective, the rotation direction is clockwise), so that the third shielding member 19 is misaligned with the second shielding member 18. After the third shielding member 19 rotates 60°, the third shielding member 19 drives the second shielding member 18 to rotate synchronously. Until the second shielding member 18 rotates 60°, the first shielding member 17, the second shielding member 18 and the third shielding member 19 cooperate to block the material guide housing 31, reducing the volume of materials in the material guide housing 31 entering the fixed housing 3, thereby maintaining the stability of the material volume in the fixed housing 3, reducing the risk of material blockage of the grinding disc 6 due to the continuous increase of materials in the fixed housing 3 after the grinding disc 6 moves downward, and at the same time increasing the resistance of the driving shaft 4 to drive the mounting shaft 5 to rotate after the grinding disc 6 moves upward, resulting in abnormal increase of the motor current in the driving module and even triggering overload protection and shutdown. Figure 9 After the telescopic end of the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7 drives the grinding disc 6 to reset to the initial position, the staff reversely starts the third hydraulic telescopic rod 20. The telescopic end of the third hydraulic telescopic rod 20 drives the other connections connected thereto to slowly reset upward synchronously, so that the third shielding member 19 slowly resets relative to the second shielding member 18. After the third shielding member 19 reversely rotates 60°, the third shielding member 19 drives the second shielding member 18 to slowly reset to the initial position together, so that the materials can move into the fixed housing 3 normally.

[0091] After the telescopic end of the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7 drives the grinding disc 6 to reset to the initial position, the staff reversely starts the third hydraulic telescopic rod 20. The telescopic end of the third hydraulic telescopic rod 20 drives the other connections connected thereto to slowly reset upward synchronously, so that the third shielding member 19 slowly resets relative to the second shielding member 18. After the third shielding member 19 reversely rotates 60°, the third shielding member 19 drives the second shielding member 18 to slowly reset to the initial position together, so that the materials can move into the fixed housing 3 normally.

[0092] After preparing a fixed quantity of biomass fuel pellets using this device, the staff shuts down the drive module and cleans and maintains other parts of this device to prepare for subsequent production of biomass fuel pellets using this device.

[0093] Example 6: On the basis of Example 5, as Figures 1-9 shown, a method for preparing biomass fuel pellets, based on the above-mentioned device for preparing biomass fuel pellets, includes the following steps:

[0094] S1: Start the drive module. The drive module drives the drive shaft 4 to rotate, and the drive shaft 4 drives the mounting shaft 5, cutting blade 32, material guide plate 8, moving sleeve 10, scraping plate 12, and first shielding member 17 to rotate synchronously.

[0095] S2: Convey the pretreated material into the material guide housing 31. After being guided by the material guide housing 31, it lands on the third shielding member 19. Under the guidance of the third shielding member 19, the material moves towards the fixed housing 3 and lands between the material guide plate 8 and the grinding roller 34.

[0096] S3: The rotating material guide plate 8 pre-levels the material. At the same time, the grinding roller 34 and the grinding disc 6 jointly extrude the material, enabling the material to pass through the granulation holes on the grinding disc 6. The rotating cutting blade 32 cuts the material into particles of a specified length. The cut particles fall downward onto the material guide disc 33 and, under the action of the centrifugal force generated during the rotation of the material guide disc 33, move outwards through the discharge port of the fixed housing 3.

[0097] S4: When the grinding roller 34 is stuck, start the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7, the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11, and the third hydraulic telescopic rod 20. The first hydraulic telescopic rod 7 drives the grinding disc 6 to move downward to loosen the material. The second hydraulic telescopic rod 11 drives the moving sleeve 10 to move downward, causing the scraping plate 12 to contact the grinding disc 6. During the rotation of the scraping plate 12, the adhered material on the grinding disc 6 is scraped and dispersed. The third hydraulic telescopic rod 20 drives the drive rod 21 to move downward, causing the limiting ball 23 to be squeezed by the limiting groove 22 and drive the third shielding member 19 to rotate. The third shielding member 19 drives the second shielding member 18 to rotate to block the material guide housing 31 and maintain the stability of the material volume in the fixed housing 3.

[0098] S5: At the same time, reverse-start the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11 and the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7. After the first hydraulic telescopic rod 7 drives the grinding disc 6 to return to the initial position and the second hydraulic telescopic rod 11 drives the moving sleeve 10 to return to the initial position, reverse-start the third hydraulic telescopic rod 20. The third hydraulic telescopic rod 20 drives the drive rod 21 to return, and continue the granulation process.

[0099] S6: After preparation is completed, shut down the drive module.

[0100] Although the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims should be given the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all modifications and equivalent structures and functions.

Claims

1. A biomass fuel pellet preparation device, characterized in that, Comprising: A bracket (1), the bracket (1) being provided with a mounting base (2); A fixed shell (3), fixedly connected to the mounting base (2), a material guiding shell (31) and a discharge port being respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the fixed shell (3), and a cutting edge (32) being arranged inside the fixed shell (3); A driving shaft (4), rotatably connected to the mounting base (2), the driving shaft (4) passing through the fixed shell (3) and being rotatably connected thereto, the bracket (1) being provided with a driving module for driving the driving shaft (4) to rotate, and a material guiding disc (33) fixedly connected to the driving shaft (4) and rotatably connected to the fixed shell (3); A mounting shaft (5), detachably connected to the driving shaft (4), two grinding rollers (34) being symmetrically distributed about the center and rotatably connected to the mounting shaft (5); A grinding disc (6), arranged on the driving shaft (4), the grinding disc (6) being in sealed sliding connection with the fixed shell (3), the grinding disc (6) being provided with a plurality of granulation holes, and the grinding disc (6) being located below the mounting shaft (5); A first hydraulic telescopic rod (7), fixedly connected to the mounting base (2), the telescopic end of the first hydraulic telescopic rod (7) passing through the fixed shell (3) and being fixedly connected to the grinding disc (6) through a connecting rod; Further comprising: Two material guiding plates (8), symmetrically distributed about the center, both being fixedly connected to the mounting shaft (5), the two material guiding plates (8) being staggeredly distributed with the two grinding rollers (34); A moving sleeve (10), rotatably and slidably connected to the grinding disc (6), the moving sleeve (10) being in spline connection with the driving shaft (4), and the moving sleeve (10) being fixedly connected to the cutting edge (32); Two moving frames (9), symmetrically distributed about the center, both being arranged on the moving sleeve (10), the moving frames (9) being slidably connected to the adjacent material guiding plates (8); A second hydraulic telescopic rod (11), fixedly connected to the mounting base (2), the telescopic end of the second hydraulic telescopic rod (11) passing through the fixed shell (3), a connecting member being fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second hydraulic telescopic rod (11), and the connecting member on the second hydraulic telescopic rod (11) being rotatably connected to the moving sleeve (10); Further comprising: Two scraping plates (12), symmetrically distributed about the center, being respectively rotatably connected to the adjacent moving frames (9), a torsion spring (14) being fixedly connected to the scraping plates (12) and the adjacent moving frames (9) together, and when the material guiding plate (8) contacts the adjacent scraping plate (12), the adjacent scraping plate (12) is limited; Further comprising: Two connecting columns (15), symmetrically distributed about the center, being respectively fixedly connected to the adjacent moving frames (9), the connecting columns (15) being slidably connected to the moving sleeve (10), and a tension spring (16) being fixedly connected between the connecting columns (15) and the moving sleeve (10).

2. The biomass fuel pellet preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum moving distance of the moving sleeve (10) on the driving shaft (4) is A, the maximum distance of the grinding disc (6) on the fixed housing (3) is B, and the minimum distance between the grinding disc (6) and the material guiding plate (8) is C, and A - B > C.

3. A biomass fuel pellet preparation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both of the two scraping plates (12) are provided with inclined surfaces for cleaning and guiding the materials adhered to the upper side of the grinding disc (6) when the moving frame (9) disturbs the materials on the grinding disc (6).

4. A biomass fuel pellet preparation device according to claim 3, characterized in that it further Including: A first shielding member (17), fixedly connected to the upper end of the driving shaft (4) and rotatably connected to the material guiding housing (31); A second shielding member (18), connected to the first shielding member (17) in a limited sliding manner and rotatably connected to the material guiding housing (31); A third shielding member (19), connected to the second shielding member (18) in a limited sliding manner and rotatably connected to the material guiding housing (31), and the third shielding member (19) is provided with an inclined surface for guiding the materials when the materials enter the fixed housing (3); A driving mechanism, arranged in the material guiding housing (31), and the driving mechanism is used for changing the flow area of the through hole on the first shielding member (17) when the grinding disc (6) moves.

5. A biomass fuel pellet preparation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first shielding member (17), the second shielding member (18) and the third shielding member (19) are all composed of sector blocks symmetrically distributed around the center and a circular ring, and the circumferential angles corresponding to the sector blocks of the three are all equal to the included angle between the central axis of the mounting shaft (5) and the scraping plate (12), and this included angle is not less than 60°, and the maximum rotation angle of the second shielding member (18) on the first shielding member (17) and the maximum rotation angle of the second shielding member (18) on the third shielding member (19) are both equal to 60°.

6. The biomass fuel pellet preparation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes: A third hydraulic telescopic rod (20), fixedly connected in the material guiding housing (31); A driving rod (21), rotatably connected to the telescopic end of the third hydraulic telescopic rod (20), a limiting groove (22) is arranged on the driving rod (21), the driving rod (21) passes through the second shielding member (18) and the third shielding member (19), and the driving rod (21) is in spline connection with the driving shaft (4); A limiting ball (23), fixedly connected to the third shielding member (19), and the limiting ball (23) is located in the limiting groove (22); A sealing member (24), fixedly connected between the third shielding member (19) and the driving rod (21), and the sealing member (24) is made of an elastic deformable material.

7. A method for preparing biomass fuel pellets, characterized in that, A biomass fuel pellet preparation device according to claim 6, comprising the following steps: S1: Start the driving module, drive the driving shaft (4) to rotate by the driving module, and drive the mounting shaft (5), the cutting edge (32), the material guiding plate (8), the moving sleeve (10), the scraping plate (12) and the first shielding member (17) to rotate synchronously; S2: Convey the pre-treated material into the material guiding shell (31), and let it fall onto the third shielding member (19) under the guidance of the material guiding shell (31). Under the guidance of the third shielding member (19), the material moves into the fixed shell (3) and falls between the material guiding plate (8) and the grinding roller (34). S3: The rotating material guiding plate (8) pre-levels the material. At the same time, the grinding roller (34) and the grinding disc (6) jointly extrude the material, enabling the material to pass through the granulation holes on the grinding disc (6). The rotating cutting edge (32) cuts the material into particles of a specified length. The cut particles fall downward onto the material guiding disc (33) and move outward through the discharge port of the fixed shell (3) under the action of the centrifugal force generated during the rotation of the material guiding disc (33). S4: When the grinding roller (34) is stuck, start the first hydraulic telescopic rod (7), the second hydraulic telescopic rod (11), and the third hydraulic telescopic rod (20). The first hydraulic telescopic rod (7) drives the grinding disc (6) to move downward to loosen the material. The second hydraulic telescopic rod (11) drives the moving sleeve (10) to move downward, making the scraping plate (12) contact the grinding disc (6). During the rotation of the scraping plate (12), the adhered material on the grinding disc (6) is scraped and dispersed. The third hydraulic telescopic rod (20) drives the driving rod (21) to move downward, causing the limiting ball (23) to be squeezed by the limiting groove (22) and drive the third shielding member (19) to rotate. The third shielding member (19) drives the second shielding member (18) to rotate to block the material guiding shell (31) and maintain the stability of the material volume in the fixed shell (3). S5: At the same time, reverse-start the second hydraulic telescopic rod (11) and the first hydraulic telescopic rod (7). After the first hydraulic telescopic rod (7) drives the grinding disc (6) to return to the initial position and the second hydraulic telescopic rod (11) drives the moving sleeve (10) to return to the initial position, reverse-start the third hydraulic telescopic rod (20). The third hydraulic telescopic rod (20) drives the driving rod (21) to return, and continue the granulation process. S6: After the preparation is completed, shut down the drive module.

Images