Thermal coupling device for double-temperature type composite metal hydride reactor and fuel cell system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of coupling of hydrogen fuel cells, and particularly relates to a thermal coupling device of a double-temperature type composite metal hydride reactor and a fuel cell system, and the double-temperature type composite metal hydride reactor is based on a single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit formed by metal hydrides in two reaction temperature zones. The continuous desorption, adsorption and desorption / adsorption coupling circulation is constructed together with a temperature control unit, and the circulation comprises the processes of desorption of the high-temperature metal hydride, cooling of hydrogen at medium temperature and adsorption of the low-temperature metal hydride, desorption of the low-temperature metal hydride and adsorption of the high-temperature metal hydride and is used for stably storing and supplying hydrogen. Which comprises a metal hydride reactor module and a high-pressure hydrogen tank, is suitable for connection and guarantee of circulation of hydrogen, re-circulation of redundant hydrogen and collection and reuse of waste heat during reaction of a fuel cell, and comprises a main valve body module, a fuel cell module and a temperature maintaining module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of hydrogen fuel cell coupling, and in particular relates to a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and a fuel cell system thermal coupling device. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is regarded as the secondary energy with the greatest application potential in the global sustainable energy system. Developing safe, efficient and economical hydrogen storage / supply technology is a key link in promoting the use of hydrogen energy. Typical hydrogen storage methods include high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage and chemical hydrogen storage represented by metal hydrides. Compared with the first two methods, metal hydride hydrogen storage has the advantages of high energy density, good reversible cycle, high safety, and suitability for normal temperature and pressure. Metal hydrides can store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the outside at the same time. If efficient hydrogen storage and stable hydrogen supply can be achieved simultaneously, it will greatly promote the coupling integration of metal hydrides as solid hydrogen sources with typical hydrogen use scenarios such as fuel cells.

[0003] The essence of metal hydride hydrogen storage / supply is the reversible chemical adsorption-desorption reaction between gas and solid phases under certain thermal conditions. The adsorption process includes the adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen molecules on the metal surface, the diffusion of hydrogen atoms into the metal, and the chemical reaction at the gas-solid interface, while releasing reaction heat. The order of the desorption process is opposite to that of the adsorption, accompanied by an endothermic effect. By utilizing the relative independence of the adsorption / desorption reaction and the obvious endothermic and exothermic characteristics, the metal hydride-hydrogen working fluid pair has been greatly developed in the field of heat utilization such as refrigeration and heat pumps. A single-stage metal hydride reaction system constructed based on a combination of high and low temperature dual reactors usually produces a refrigeration effect only in the second half of a cycle, while the heating effect is not generated. It occurs in each half cycle, which is determined by the periodic heating or cooling of the reactor, that is, the intermittent energy consumption characteristics. Therefore, the hydrogen working fluid as a medium exhibits discontinuous flow in the recycling. If continuous heat and mass transfer is to be achieved, at least two-stage system coupling operation is required. As a chemical reaction, the metal hydride adsorption and desorption process is controlled by the dual variables of operating temperature and pressure, which makes the steady-state hydrogen storage / supply mechanism of two-stage and above systems more complicated. In addition, with the increase of system reactors and their supporting equipment, stable and continuous operation is more susceptible to external conditions. These unfavorable factors greatly limit the application advantages of two-stage and above reaction systems as continuous hydrogen storage / supply units in lightweight / modular fuel cells. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and a fuel cell system thermal coupling device, aiming to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the steady-state hydrogen storage and supply mechanism of the two-stage and above hydrogen storage and supply systems is complex, and the stable and continuous operation is easily affected by external conditions.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and a fuel cell system thermal coupling device, which is suitable for stably storing and supplying hydrogen and providing a suitable working temperature for hydrogen, including a metal hydride reactor module and a high-pressure hydrogen tank. The fuel cell system thermal coupling device is suitable for connecting and ensuring the circulation of hydrogen, the recovery of residual hydrogen and the collection of residual heat, and includes a main valve body module, a fuel cell module and a temperature maintenance module, and is characterized in that:

[0006] The dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor comprises a single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit, the inner wall of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit is provided with a shell-side heat exchange fluid warehouse, the inner wall of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit is fixed with a high-temperature metal hydride, the inner wall of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit is fixed with a wire mesh, the inner wall of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit is fixed with a low-temperature metal hydride, the inner wall of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit is provided with a tube-side heat exchange fluid pipe, one end of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit is fixed with a re-injection unit, the circumference of the re-injection unit is fixed with a re-injection port, the re-injection port is detachably connected with a high-pressure hydrogen tank, one end of the re-injection unit is fixed with a temperature control fluid warehouse, the high-temperature metal hydride can be Desorb hydrogen in a temperature range of 0 to 200°C, the low-temperature metal hydride can desorb hydrogen in a temperature range below 100°C, the tube-side heat exchange fluid tube has a tube-side fluid, the shell-side heat exchange fluid bin has a shell-side fluid, the temperature control fluid bin has a temperature control fluid, the temperature required for the desorption reaction of the high-temperature metal hydride and the low-temperature metal hydride is higher than the temperature of the adsorption reaction, the temperature control fluid bin provides a hydrogen outlet and a hydrogen inlet, the metal hydride reactor module is connected to a temperature maintaining module, the temperature maintaining module includes a thermostatic tank, and the tube-side fluid, shell-side fluid and temperature control fluid are all kept at temperature by the thermostatic tank;

[0007] In the present invention, the conventional single-stage system exhibits periodic and non-steady-state characteristics in the hydrogen absorption / desorption process due to the intermittent energy consumption characteristics and the temperature and pressure dual variable control properties of the reaction itself; and the thermal economy of the two-stage and above systems coupled with fuel cells and other systems while achieving continuous heat and mass transfer is not high, which greatly limits the metal hydride from fully exerting its advantages of efficient hydrogen storage and supply. To this end, the present invention proposes a porous-based metal hydride continuous absorption and desorption cycle for steady-state hydrogen supply, and constructs a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor system. The metal hydride adopts expanded graphite and metal hydride to form a porous-based composite metal hydride module. Before the equipment is used, the high-pressure hydrogen tank is first connected to the hydrogen refilling port to supply hydrogen to the equipment. At this time, the temperature control fluid warehouse is started, and the constant temperature tank heats the temperature control fluid therein so that the injected hydrogen has a suitable adsorption temperature for the low-temperature metal hydride, so that the low-temperature metal hydride chemically absorbs hydrogen to store hydrogen, and then the shell-side heat exchange fluid warehouse Start, the thermostatic tank heats the shell-side fluid therein to raise the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride, so that the low-temperature metal hydride reaches the desorption temperature and releases hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen molecules. Since the hydrogen is generated by the heating of the low-temperature metal hydride, it has a certain temperature, and the temperature is suitable for the adsorption of the high-temperature metal hydride, so that the high-temperature metal hydride continuously adsorbs hydrogen, forming a cycle of hydrogen supply from the low-temperature metal hydride to the high-temperature metal hydride. When the equipment needs to supply hydrogen to the outside, the thermostatic tank keeps the tube-side fluid temperature interval in the tube-side heat exchange fluid tube at a temperature interval of 100 to 200°C, so that the high-temperature metal hydride is heated to a suitable desorption temperature, so that the hydrogen generated after hydrogen desorption enters the temperature-controlled fluid bin from the hydrogen re-injection unit, and hydrogen is supplied to the outside from the hydrogen outlet of the temperature-controlled fluid bin. The temperature interval of the temperature-controlled fluid in the temperature-controlled fluid bin cools the hydrogen to a suitable use temperature, and at the same time, the excess hydrogen can be re-adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydride;

[0008] Based on the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit composed of metal hydrides in two reaction temperature zones, a continuous desorption-adsorption-desorption / adsorption coupling cycle is constructed together with the temperature control unit. The cycle includes the desorption of high-temperature metal hydrides, the cooling of hydrogen at medium temperature and the adsorption of low-temperature metal hydrides, the desorption of low-temperature metal hydrides and the adsorption of high-temperature metal hydrides. The temperature of the temperature-control fluid is between the above two temperature values ​​to form an effective temperature gradient and pressure driving potential. The essence of solid-state hydrogen storage and supply of metal hydrides is an unsteady state reaction based on traditional gas-solid phase reactions, dominated by chemical adsorption and desorption, involving complex thermodynamics and heat-fluid-potential conversion characteristics. In view of the intermittent energy consumption characteristics of the traditional single-stage metal hydride system and the non-steady-state reaction of dual-variable control, as well as the low thermal economy of the two-stage and above systems coupled with fuel cells and other systems while realizing continuous heat and mass transfer, the present invention constructs a dual-temperature composite metal hydride desorption-adsorption-desorption / adsorption coupled continuous heat and mass cycle with a porous base on the basis of thermochemical desorption and phase change coupled continuous heat transfer, breaking through the limitations of the traditional single-stage metal hydride periodic heat utilization, establishing a heat-flow-potential coupling model of the continuous adsorption and desorption process, and achieving the rated hydrogen supply demand of the solid hydrogen source system.

[0009] Further, a main valve body module is provided at one end of the hydrogen outlet, the main valve body module includes a one-way valve, a one-way valve is fixed at one end of the hydrogen outlet, a manual stop valve is fixed at one end of the manual stop valve, a solenoid valve is fixed at one end of the manual stop valve, a flow limiting valve is fixed at one end of the solenoid valve, a filter is fixed at one end of the flow limiting valve, a pressure reducing valve is fixed at one end of the filter, a pressure regulating valve is fixed at one end of the pressure reducing valve, the pressure regulating valve is provided with a hydrogen injection port and a hydrogen pressure release port, a fuel cell module is provided at one end of the hydrogen injection port, the fuel cell module includes a fuel cell body, the fuel cell body is provided with an anode inlet, an anode outlet, a cathode inlet and a cathode outlet, the hydrogen injection port is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell body, and the hydrogen pressure release port is connected to the anode outlet;

[0010] In the prior art, after hydrogen is desorbed from a solid-state hydrogen storage and supply device, its supply process often faces a series of challenges. Since chemical desorption is easily affected by external factors such as temperature, pressure, and material properties, and its own reaction rate is non-uniform, this leads to significant differences in the release rate of hydrogen at different stages. Usually, at the beginning of the reaction, the release rate of hydrogen is slow, and as the reaction proceeds, the release rate will gradually accelerate. However, existing fuel cell systems often lack coupling devices that match this dynamic hydrogen supply characteristic, which means that when a fuel cell faces insufficient or excessive hydrogen supply, it is difficult to quickly adjust and maintain a normal reaction rate. Insufficient hydrogen supply leads to a decline in battery performance and even inability to maintain basic working requirements; while excessive hydrogen causes safety issues, such as risks of battery overheating or excessive pressure.

[0011] In the present invention, various valves are used in combination. First, the one-way valve is used to prevent hydrogen from flowing back. In the process of hydrogen flowing from the gas source to the fuel cell or other application equipment, the one-way valve ensures that hydrogen can only flow in a predetermined direction, preventing hydrogen from flowing back due to pressure changes or equipment failures, thereby protecting the safety of the system. Secondly, the manual stop valve provides the system with a convenient manual emergency stop function. In an emergency, the staff can quickly operate the manual stop valve to cut off the hydrogen supply to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment. This valve is usually located in a conspicuous position of the system for quick access and operation. The solenoid valve is easy for the staff to remotely control. By receiving electrical signals, the solenoid valve can realize rapid on-off control of the flow of hydrogen without direct manual operation. This valve is particularly practical in systems with a high degree of automation and can improve operational efficiency and safety. The function of the flow limiting valve is to limit the flow rate and flow of hydrogen. In the process of hydrogen flow, the flow limiting valve can adjust the flow rate of hydrogen according to actual needs to ensure stable operation of the system. At the same time, it can also prevent pipeline impact and equipment damage caused by excessive flow rate. The filter is used to filter out the hydrogen that may be generated during desorption. The impurities in the hydrogen gas may be mixed with some impurity gases, such as moisture and dust, during the preparation or storage process. The filter can effectively remove these impurities to ensure the purity and quality of the hydrogen gas. The pressure reducing valve is used to control the pressure of the hydrogen gas. Before the hydrogen gas enters the fuel cell or other application equipment, the pressure reducing valve can reduce the high-pressure hydrogen gas to the required working pressure to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. At the same time, during the emergency stop, the pressure reducing valve can also avoid the overpressure caused by the sudden drop in pressure. The pressure regulating valve helps to maintain the pressure stability in the system. During the flow of hydrogen gas, the system pressure may change due to various factors. The pressure regulating valve can automatically adjust the flow rate of hydrogen gas according to the set value to keep the system pressure within a stable range. Finally, the hydrogen gas that has been finely controlled is input into the anode inlet of the fuel cell body from the hydrogen outlet. The fuel cell uses hydrogen gas to generate electricity by chemical reaction to provide power for various equipment. When the hydrogen gas is injected in a short period of time, the excess hydrogen gas will leave through the anode outlet of the fuel cell body and re-enter the pressure regulating valve through the hydrogen pressure relief port. Here, the hydrogen gas will re-enter the anode inlet after balancing the pressure and continue to participate in the reaction process of the fuel cell.

[0012] Furthermore, a residual hydrogen return port is provided on the circumference of the pressure regulating valve, a pressure relief valve is fixed at one end of the residual hydrogen return port, a manual stop valve is fixed at one end of the pressure relief valve, a check valve is fixed at one end of the manual stop valve, and the check valve is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the temperature control fluid tank;

[0013] In the prior art, since the excess hydrogen in the fuel cell body during operation will re-enter the pressure regulating valve through the hydrogen pressure relief port, and the subsequent hydrogen in the system will continue to be injected into the pressure regulating valve, in this case, the hydrogen flow in the pressure regulating valve will increase significantly in a short period of time, causing the internal pressure of the valve to rise rapidly. The high-pressure environment poses a severe challenge to the performance and life of the pressure regulating valve. First, the seals and moving parts inside the valve will leak or wear under the action of high pressure, thereby affecting the sealing and adjustment accuracy of the valve. Secondly, the high pressure also causes the structure of the valve to deform or damage, further exacerbating the leakage problem. In addition, if the pressure regulating valve cannot release the excessive pressure in a timely and effective manner, it will also threaten the safety and stability of the entire system.

[0014] In the present invention, when the hydrogen flow in the pressure regulating valve increases significantly in a short period of time, causing the internal pressure of the valve to rise rapidly, in order to ensure the safety and stability of the system, the excess hydrogen will automatically leak out through the pressure relief valve connected to the pressure regulating valve, and the leaked hydrogen will then pass through the manual stop valve and the one-way valve, and return to the temperature-controlled fluid bin from the hydrogen inlet. In the temperature-controlled fluid bin, the hydrogen will choose to re-enter the anode inlet of the fuel cell body through the hydrogen outlet according to the temperature and pressure conditions, and participate in the reaction process of the fuel cell; or, when the conditions are not suitable, the hydrogen will be re-adsorbed and stored by the low-temperature metal hydride. This adsorption and storage method can not only effectively regulate the hydrogen flow in the system, but also quickly release hydrogen when needed to meet the needs of the fuel cell. Through such a circulation mechanism, the system can ensure the stability of pressure to the greatest extent and prevent equipment abnormalities or safety accidents caused by pressure fluctuations. At the same time, this design can also effectively prevent hydrogen from leaking into the environment, reduce resource waste, and improve the operating efficiency and safety of the entire system.

[0015] Furthermore, an air filter is fixed at one end of the cathode inlet, and a compressor is fixed at one end of the air filter. In the present invention, a compressor is used to deliver air to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell body, and the air is filtered through the air filter to remove some impurities, thereby ensuring the reaction rate of the battery.

[0016] Furthermore, a discharge pipe is fixed at one end of the cathode outlet, the discharge pipe is connected to a water discharge and exhaust valve, and a water storage device is provided at one end of the discharge pipe. In the present invention, the water generated by the cathode and the unreacted nitrogen in the air are separated by the water discharge and exhaust valve.

[0017] Furthermore, a cooling pipe network is provided on the circumference of the fuel cell body, one end of the cooling pipe network is connected to a waste heat pipe, and one end of the waste heat pipe is fixed to a constant temperature tank;

[0018] In the prior art, a large amount of heat is released during the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell body to generate electrical energy. In order to ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell and prevent overheating, a large number of heat sinks and other heat dissipation devices are required to assist in dissipating the excess heat. These heat dissipation devices play a vital role in the continuous operation of the fuel cell, because they can effectively conduct the heat generated by the fuel cell and keep the temperature of the battery within a safe range. However, this method of directly dissipating heat into the environment also leads to a waste of resources. After all, if this heat can be reasonably utilized, such as for heating, hot water preparation or other heat energy demand occasions, it will be able to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of energy and reduce the demand for external energy, thereby achieving a more economical and environmentally friendly way of using energy;

[0019] In the present invention, in order to more effectively utilize the excess heat generated by the fuel cell body during operation, the heat dissipation area of ​​the fuel cell can be modified and coated with special heat dissipation pipes. These heat dissipation pipes are filled with high-efficiency heat dissipants. When the fuel cell body generates a large amount of heat due to the hydrogen hydrolysis reaction, the heat dissipation agent in the heat dissipation pipes will quickly absorb the heat. Subsequently, the heat dissipation agent carrying the heat will be transported to the temperature maintenance module. This module includes a waste heat pipe and a constant temperature tank. The waste heat pipe serves as a heat conduction bridge to reconnect the heat dissipation agent carrying the heat to the constant temperature tank. In the constant temperature tank, the heat dissipation agent releases the absorbed heat, which is then used to maintain the temperature of other fluids in the tank stable. In this way, the heat that was originally wasted is effectively recovered and reused, which not only improves the comprehensive utilization rate of energy, but also reduces the demand for external energy, thereby achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. This design fully reflects the cherishment of energy and the awareness of environmental protection, and is a concrete manifestation of the concept of sustainable development in practical applications.

[0020] Furthermore, a temperature gauge is provided at one end of the temperature-controlled fluid bin. In the present invention, the temperature in the temperature-controlled fluid bin is monitored in real time by the temperature gauge to determine whether the hydrogen is at a suitable temperature.

[0021] Furthermore, a pressure gauge is provided at one end of the temperature-controlled fluid bin. In the present invention, the pressure in the temperature-controlled fluid bin is monitored in real time by the pressure gauge, thereby determining whether the hydrogen is at an appropriate pressure.

[0022] Furthermore, the one-way valves at the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen inlet are in opposite directions. In the present invention, this can even prevent the backflow of hydrogen.

[0023] Furthermore, activated carbon is provided inside the filter. In the present invention, activated carbon is provided to filter impurities such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide that may appear during desorption.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. In the prior art, hydrogen is a colorless and odorless gas, and its storage and transportation are relatively difficult. At present, hydrogen storage technology is mainly divided into three methods: high-pressure hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage. However, each method has its own challenges. For example, high-pressure hydrogen storage requires extremely high pressure and has certain safety hazards; liquid hydrogen storage requires very low temperature and has low storage efficiency; solid-state hydrogen storage technology is not yet mature, and there are still some problems with the stability of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, such as short battery life and easy failure in extreme weather. Under extreme weather conditions, such as high temperature, low temperature or high humidity, the properties and behavior of hydrogen will change significantly, and these changes will cause hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to fail. For example, under high temperature conditions, the diffusion rate of hydrogen will increase, resulting in increased pressure inside the battery, thereby affecting the stability and life of the battery; under low temperature conditions, the reaction rate of hydrogen will decrease, causing the output power of the battery to decrease, or even fail to work normally; and under high humidity conditions, moisture will enter the battery and react with hydrogen to generate impurities, further affecting the performance and stability of the battery. These problems not only increase the cost of use for car owners, because frequent repairs and replacement of parts will increase costs, but also increase the difficulty of maintenance;

[0026] In the present invention, the conventional single-stage system exhibits periodic and non-steady-state characteristics in the hydrogen absorption / desorption process due to the intermittent energy consumption characteristics and the temperature and pressure dual variable control properties of the reaction itself; and the thermal economy of the two-stage and above systems coupled with fuel cells and other systems while achieving continuous heat and mass transfer is not high, which greatly limits the metal hydride from fully exerting its advantages of efficient hydrogen storage and supply. To this end, the present invention proposes a porous-based metal hydride continuous absorption and desorption cycle for steady-state hydrogen supply, and constructs a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor system. The metal hydride adopts expanded graphite and metal hydride to form a porous-based composite metal hydride module. Before the equipment is used, the high-pressure hydrogen tank is first connected to the hydrogen refilling port to supply hydrogen to the equipment. At this time, the temperature control fluid warehouse is started, and the constant temperature tank heats the temperature control fluid therein so that the injected hydrogen has a suitable adsorption temperature for the low-temperature metal hydride, so that the low-temperature metal hydride chemically absorbs hydrogen to store hydrogen, and then the shell-side heat exchange fluid warehouse Start, the thermostatic tank heats the shell-side fluid therein to raise the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride, so that the low-temperature metal hydride reaches the desorption temperature and releases hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen molecules. Since the hydrogen is generated by the heating of the low-temperature metal hydride, it has a certain temperature, and the temperature is suitable for the adsorption of the high-temperature metal hydride, so that the high-temperature metal hydride continuously adsorbs hydrogen, forming a cycle of hydrogen supply from the low-temperature metal hydride to the high-temperature metal hydride. When the equipment needs to supply hydrogen to the outside, the thermostatic tank keeps the tube-side fluid temperature interval in the tube-side heat exchange fluid tube at a temperature interval of 100 to 200°C, so that the high-temperature metal hydride is heated to a suitable desorption temperature, so that the hydrogen generated after hydrogen desorption enters the temperature-controlled fluid bin from the hydrogen re-injection unit, and hydrogen is supplied to the outside from the hydrogen outlet of the temperature-controlled fluid bin. The temperature interval of the temperature-controlled fluid in the temperature-controlled fluid bin cools the hydrogen to a suitable use temperature, and at the same time, the excess hydrogen can be re-adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydride;

[0027] A single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit composed of metal hydrides in two reaction temperature zones, together with a temperature control unit, constructs a continuous desorption-adsorption-desorption / adsorption coupling cycle. This cycle includes the desorption of high-temperature metal hydrides, the cooling of hydrogen at medium temperature and the adsorption of low-temperature metal hydrides, the desorption of low-temperature metal hydrides and the adsorption of high-temperature metal hydrides. The temperature of the temperature control fluid forms an effective temperature gradient and pressure driving potential between the above two temperature values. The essence of solid-state hydrogen storage and supply by metal hydrides is an unsteady heat and mass utilization process based on traditional gas-solid phase reactions, dominated by chemical adsorption and desorption, and involving complex thermodynamics and heat-flow-potential conversion characteristics. Aiming at the intermittent energy consumption characteristics of traditional single-stage metal hydride systems and the unsteady reactions of bivariate control, as well as the low thermal economy of coupling with systems such as fuel cells when two-stage or above systems achieve continuous heat and mass transfer, the present invention constructs a double-temperature composite metal hydride desorption-adsorption-desorption / adsorption coupling continuous heat and mass cycle with a porous matrix on the basis of the coupling of thermochemical desorption and phase change continuous heat transfer, breaks through the limitation of the periodic heat utilization of traditional single-stage metal hydrides, establishes a heat-flow-potential coupling model for continuous adsorption and desorption processes, and realizes meeting the rated hydrogen supply demand of the solid hydrogen source system.

[0028] 2. In the prior art, after hydrogen is desorbed from a solid-state hydrogen storage and supply device, its supply process often faces a series of challenges. Since chemical desorption is easily interfered by external factors such as temperature, pressure and material properties, and its own reaction rate is uneven, this leads to significant differences in the hydrogen release rate at different stages. Usually, at the beginning of the reaction, the hydrogen release rate is slow, and as the reaction progresses, the release rate will gradually accelerate. However, existing fuel cell systems often lack a coupling device that matches this dynamic hydrogen supply characteristic. This means that when the fuel cell faces a situation of insufficient or excessive hydrogen supply, it is difficult to quickly adjust and maintain a normal reaction rate. Insufficient hydrogen supply leads to a decline in battery performance and even inability to maintain basic working requirements; while excessive hydrogen causes safety problems such as risks of battery overheating or excessive pressure.

[0029] In the present invention, various valves are used in combination. First, the one-way valve is used to prevent hydrogen from flowing back. In the process of hydrogen flowing from the gas source to the fuel cell or other application equipment, the one-way valve ensures that hydrogen can only flow in a predetermined direction, preventing hydrogen from flowing back due to pressure changes or equipment failures, thereby protecting the safety of the system. Secondly, the manual stop valve provides the system with a convenient manual emergency stop function. In an emergency, the staff can quickly operate the manual stop valve to cut off the hydrogen supply to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment. This valve is usually located in a conspicuous position of the system for quick access and operation. The solenoid valve is easy for the staff to remotely control. By receiving electrical signals, the solenoid valve can realize rapid on-off control of the flow of hydrogen without direct manual operation. This valve is particularly practical in systems with a high degree of automation and can improve operational efficiency and safety. The function of the flow limiting valve is to limit the flow rate and flow of hydrogen. In the process of hydrogen flow, the flow limiting valve can adjust the flow rate of hydrogen according to actual needs to ensure stable operation of the system. At the same time, it can also prevent pipeline impact and equipment damage caused by excessive flow rate. The filter is used to filter out the hydrogen that may be generated during desorption. The impurities in the hydrogen gas may be mixed with some impurity gases, such as moisture and dust, during the preparation or storage process. The filter can effectively remove these impurities to ensure the purity and quality of the hydrogen gas. The pressure reducing valve is used to control the pressure of the hydrogen gas. Before the hydrogen gas enters the fuel cell or other application equipment, the pressure reducing valve can reduce the high-pressure hydrogen gas to the required working pressure to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. At the same time, during the emergency stop, the pressure reducing valve can also avoid the overpressure caused by the sudden drop in pressure. The pressure regulating valve helps to maintain the pressure stability in the system. During the flow of hydrogen gas, the system pressure may change due to various factors. The pressure regulating valve can automatically adjust the flow rate of hydrogen gas according to the set value to keep the system pressure within a stable range. Finally, the hydrogen gas that has been finely controlled is input into the anode inlet of the fuel cell body from the hydrogen outlet. The fuel cell uses hydrogen gas to generate electricity by chemical reaction to provide power for various equipment. When the hydrogen gas is injected in a short period of time, the excess hydrogen gas will leave through the anode outlet of the fuel cell body and re-enter the pressure regulating valve through the hydrogen pressure relief port. Here, the hydrogen gas will re-enter the anode inlet after balancing the pressure and continue to participate in the reaction process of the fuel cell.

[0030] 3. In the prior art, during the operation of the fuel cell body, the excess hydrogen will re-enter the pressure regulating valve through the hydrogen pressure relief port. At the same time, the subsequent hydrogen in the system will continue to be injected into the pressure regulating valve. In this case, the hydrogen flow in the pressure regulating valve will increase significantly in a short period of time, causing the internal pressure of the valve to rise rapidly. The high-pressure environment poses a severe challenge to the performance and life of the pressure regulating valve. First, the seals and moving parts inside the valve will leak or wear under the action of high pressure, thereby affecting the sealing and adjustment accuracy of the valve. Secondly, the high pressure also causes the structure of the valve to deform or damage, further exacerbating the leakage problem. In addition, if the pressure regulating valve cannot release the excessive pressure in a timely and effective manner, it will also threaten the safety and stability of the entire system.

[0031] In the present invention, when the hydrogen flow rate in the pressure regulating valve increases significantly in a short period of time, causing the internal pressure of the valve to rise rapidly, in order to ensure the safety and stability of the system, the excess hydrogen will automatically leak out through the pressure relief valve connected to the pressure regulating valve, and the leaked hydrogen will then pass through the manual stop valve and the one-way valve, and return to the temperature-controlled fluid bin from the hydrogen inlet. In the temperature-controlled fluid bin, the hydrogen will choose to re-enter the anode inlet of the fuel cell body through the hydrogen outlet according to the temperature and pressure conditions, and participate in the reaction process of the fuel cell; or, when the conditions are not suitable, the hydrogen will be re-adsorbed and stored by the low-temperature metal hydride. This adsorption and storage method can not only effectively regulate the hydrogen flow rate in the system, but also quickly release hydrogen when needed to meet the needs of the fuel cell. Through such a circulation mechanism, the system can ensure the stability of pressure to the greatest extent and prevent equipment abnormalities or safety accidents caused by pressure fluctuations. At the same time, this design can also effectively prevent hydrogen from leaking into the environment, reduce resource waste, and improve the operating efficiency and safety of the entire system.

[0032] 4. In the prior art, a large amount of heat is released during the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell body to generate electricity. In order to ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell and prevent overheating, a large number of heat sinks and other heat dissipation devices are required to assist in dissipating the excess heat. These heat dissipation devices play a vital role in the continuous operation of the fuel cell, because they can effectively conduct the heat generated by the fuel cell and keep the temperature of the battery within a safe range. However, this method of directly dissipating heat into the environment also leads to a waste of resources. After all, if this heat can be reasonably used, such as for heating, hot water preparation or other heat energy demand occasions, it will be able to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of energy and reduce the demand for external energy, thereby achieving a more economical and environmentally friendly way of using energy;

[0033] In the present invention, in order to more effectively utilize the excess heat generated by the fuel cell body during operation, the heat dissipation area of ​​the fuel cell can be modified and coated with special heat dissipation pipes. These heat dissipation pipes are filled with high-efficiency heat dissipants. When the fuel cell body generates a large amount of heat due to the hydrogen hydrolysis reaction, the heat dissipation agent in the heat dissipation pipes will quickly absorb the heat. Subsequently, the heat dissipation agent carrying the heat will be transported to the temperature maintenance module. This module includes a waste heat pipe and a constant temperature tank. The waste heat pipe serves as a heat conduction bridge to reconnect the heat dissipation agent carrying the heat to the constant temperature tank. In the constant temperature tank, the heat dissipation agent releases the absorbed heat, which is then used to maintain the temperature of other fluids in the tank stable. In this way, the heat that was originally wasted is effectively recovered and reused, which not only improves the comprehensive utilization rate of energy, but also reduces the demand for external energy, thereby achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. This design fully reflects the cherishment of energy and the awareness of environmental protection, and is a concrete manifestation of the concept of sustainable development in practical applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and the fuel cell system thermal coupling device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of each module in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the main valve body module in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the hydrogen pressure release port in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the residual hydrogen return outlet in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fuel cell module in the present invention;

[0043] Fig. 9It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cooling pipe network in the present invention;

[0044] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the thermostatic bath in the present invention;

[0045] Fig.11 It is a system diagram of the dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.12 It is a system diagram of the thermal coupling device of the fuel cell system in the present invention.

[0047] Legend:

[0048] 1. Metal hydride reactor module; 101. Single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit; 102. Hydrogen re-injection unit; 103. Temperature control fluid warehouse; 104. Tube-side heat exchange fluid pipe; 105. Shell-side heat exchange fluid warehouse; 106. High-temperature metal hydride; 107. Low-temperature metal hydride; 108. Wire mesh; 109. Hydrogen re-injection port;

[0049] 2. Main valve body module; 201. Check valve; 202. Manual stop valve; 203. Solenoid valve; 204. Flow limiting valve; 205. Filter; 206. Pressure reducing valve; 207. Pressure regulating valve; 208. Hydrogen pressure relief port; 209. Hydrogen injection port; 2010. Pressure relief valve; 2011. Temperature gauge; 2012. Pressure gauge;

[0050] 3. Fuel cell module; 301. Fuel cell body; 302. Residual hydrogen leakage port; 303. Air filter; 304. Compressor; 305. Drain and exhaust valve;

[0051] 4. Temperature maintenance module; 401. Constant temperature bath; 402. Waste heat recovery pipe; 403. Cooling pipe network;

[0052] 5. High-pressure hydrogen tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] Embodiment 1:

[0055] See also Figure 1-12The present embodiment provides the following technical solutions: a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and a fuel cell system thermal coupling device, which is suitable for stably storing and supplying hydrogen and providing the hydrogen with a suitable working temperature, including a metal hydride reactor module 1 and a high-pressure hydrogen tank 5. The fuel cell system thermal coupling device is suitable for connecting and ensuring the circulation of hydrogen, the recovery of residual hydrogen and the collection of residual heat, including a main valve body module 2, a fuel cell module 3 and a temperature maintenance module 4; the dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor includes a single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit 101, a single-stage The inner wall of the hydrogen storage and supply unit 101 is provided with a shell-side heat exchange fluid warehouse 105, a high-temperature metal hydride 106 is fixed to the inner wall of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit 101, a wire mesh 108 is fixed to the inner wall of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit 101, a low-temperature metal hydride 107 is fixed to the inner wall of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit 101, a tube-side heat exchange fluid pipe 104 is provided on the inner wall of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit 101, a re-injection unit 102 is fixed at one end of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit 101, a re-injection port 109 is fixed on the circumference of the re-injection unit 102, and the re-injection port 109 is detachably connected to a high-pressure hydrogen tank 5, and a temperature control fluid warehouse 10 is fixed at one end of the re-injection unit 102 3. The high-temperature metal hydride 106 can desorb hydrogen in a temperature range of 100 to 200° C., and the low-temperature metal hydride 107 can desorb hydrogen in a temperature range below 100° C. The tube-side heat exchange fluid tube 104 has a tube-side fluid, the shell-side heat exchange fluid tank 105 has a shell-side fluid, and the temperature control fluid tank 103 has a temperature control fluid. The temperature required for the desorption reaction of the high-temperature metal hydride 106 and the low-temperature metal hydride 107 is higher than the temperature of the adsorption reaction. The temperature control fluid tank 103 provides a hydrogen outlet and a hydrogen inlet. The metal hydride reactor module 1 is connected to the temperature maintaining module 4. The temperature The temperature maintaining module 4 includes a thermostatic tank 401, and the tube-side fluid, shell-side fluid and temperature-controlling fluid are all kept at temperature by the thermostatic tank 401. A main valve body module 2 is provided at one end of the hydrogen outlet. The metal hydride reactor module 1 is connected to the fuel cell module 3 through the main valve body module 2. The traditional single-stage system has intermittent energy consumption characteristics and the temperature and pressure dual variable control properties of the reaction itself, which makes the absorption / desorption of hydrogen present periodic and non-steady-state characteristics; while the two-stage and above systems have low thermal economy when coupled with fuel cells and other systems while achieving continuous heat and mass transfer, which greatly limits the metal hydride from giving full play to its advantages of efficient hydrogen storage and supply;

[0056] In this regard, the present invention proposes a continuous adsorption and desorption cycle of porous metal hydrides for steady-state hydrogen supply, and constructs a dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor system. The metal hydride adopts expanded graphite and metal hydride to form a porous composite metal hydride module. Before the equipment is used, the high-pressure hydrogen tank 5 is first connected to the hydrogen refilling port 109 to supply hydrogen to the equipment. At this time, the temperature control fluid warehouse 103 is started, and the thermostatic tank 401 heats the temperature control fluid therein so that the injected hydrogen has a suitable adsorption temperature for the low-temperature metal hydride 107, so that the low-temperature metal hydride 107 chemically absorbs hydrogen to store hydrogen. Subsequently, the shell-side heat exchange fluid warehouse 105 is started, and the thermostatic tank 401 heats the shell-side fluid therein to raise the temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride 107, so that the low-temperature metal hydride 107 reaches the desorption temperature and releases hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen molecules. Since hydrogen is a low-temperature metal The metal hydride 107 is heated to a certain temperature, and the temperature is suitable for the adsorption of the high-temperature metal hydride 106, so that the high-temperature metal hydride 106 continuously adsorbs hydrogen, forming a cycle in which the low-temperature metal hydride 107 continuously supplies hydrogen to the high-temperature metal hydride 106. When the equipment needs to supply hydrogen to the outside, the thermostatic tank 401 keeps the temperature interval of the tube-side fluid in the tube-side heat exchange fluid tube 104 at a temperature interval of 100 to 200° C., so that the high-temperature metal hydride 106 is heated to reach a suitable desorption temperature, so that the hydrogen generated after hydrogen desorption enters the temperature-controlled fluid bin 103 from the hydrogen re-injection unit 102, and hydrogen is supplied to the outside from the hydrogen outlet of the temperature-controlled fluid bin 103. The temperature interval of the temperature-controlled fluid in the temperature-controlled fluid bin 103 cools the hydrogen to a suitable use temperature, and at the same time, the excess hydrogen can be re-adsorbed by the low-temperature metal hydride 107;

[0057] The single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit 101 composed of metal hydrides in two reaction temperature zones and the temperature control unit together construct a continuous desorption-adsorption-desorption / adsorption coupling cycle, which includes the desorption of high-temperature metal hydride 106, the cooling of hydrogen at medium temperature and the adsorption of low-temperature metal hydride 107, the desorption of low-temperature metal hydride 107 and the adsorption of high-temperature metal hydride 106. The temperature of the temperature control fluid is between the above two temperature values ​​to form an effective temperature gradient and pressure driving potential. The essence of solid-state hydrogen storage and supply of metal hydrides is based on traditional gas-solid phase reactions, dominated by chemical adsorption and desorption, and involves complex thermodynamics and heat-flow- The present invention aims at the intermittent energy consumption characteristics of the traditional single-stage metal hydride system and the non-steady-state reaction of dual-variable control, as well as the low thermal economy of the two-stage and above systems coupled with fuel cells and other systems while realizing continuous heat and mass transfer. On the basis of thermochemical desorption and phase change coupled continuous heat transfer, a dual-temperature composite metal hydride desorption-adsorption-desorption / adsorption coupled continuous heat and mass cycle with a porous base is constructed, breaking through the limitations of the traditional single-stage metal hydride periodic heat utilization, establishing a heat-flow-potential coupling model of the continuous adsorption and desorption process, and achieving the rated hydrogen supply demand of the solid hydrogen source system.

[0058] Embodiment 2:

[0059] See also Figure 1-12 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions: the main valve body module 2 includes a one-way valve 201, a one-way valve 201 is fixed at one end of the hydrogen outlet, a manual stop valve 202 is fixed at one end of the manual stop valve 202, a solenoid valve 203 is fixed at one end of the manual stop valve 202, a flow limiting valve 204 is fixed at one end of the solenoid valve 203, a filter 205 is fixed at one end of the flow limiting valve 204, a pressure reducing valve 206 is fixed at one end of the filter 205, a pressure regulating valve 207 is fixed at one end of the pressure reducing valve 206, the pressure regulating valve 207 is provided with a hydrogen outlet injection port 209 and a hydrogen pressure release port 208, a fuel cell module 3 is provided at one end of the hydrogen outlet injection port 209, and the fuel cell module 3 includes a fuel cell body 301, the fuel cell body 301 is provided with an anode inlet, an anode outlet, a cathode inlet and a cathode outlet, the hydrogen outlet injection port 209 is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell body 301, and the hydrogen pressure release port 208 is connected to the anode outlet;

[0060] Various valves are used to ensure that hydrogen can only flow in a predetermined direction, prevent reverse flow of hydrogen due to pressure changes or equipment failures, improve operational efficiency and safety, limit the flow rate and volume of hydrogen, prevent pipeline impact and equipment damage caused by excessive flow rate, filter impurities that may be generated during hydrogen desorption, and control the pressure of hydrogen; a residual hydrogen return port 302 is provided on the circumference of the pressure regulating valve 207, a pressure relief valve 2010 is fixed at one end of the residual hydrogen return port 302, a manual stop valve 202 is fixed at one end of the pressure relief valve 2010, a check valve 201 is fixed at one end of the manual stop valve 202, and the check valve 201 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the temperature control fluid warehouse 103; when the hydrogen flow in the pressure regulating valve 207 increases significantly in a short period of time, causing the internal pressure of the valve to rise rapidly, in order to ensure the safety and stability of the system, the excess hydrogen will pass through the pressure relief valve 2010 connected to the pressure regulating valve 207 Automatically leak, the leaked hydrogen will then pass through the manual stop valve 202 and the one-way valve 201, and return to the temperature-controlled fluid compartment 103 through the hydrogen inlet. In the temperature-controlled fluid compartment 103, the hydrogen will choose to re-enter the anode inlet of the fuel cell body 301 through the hydrogen outlet according to the temperature and pressure conditions to participate in the reaction process of the fuel cell; or, when the conditions are not suitable, the hydrogen will be re-adsorbed and stored by the low-temperature metal hydride 107. This adsorption and storage method can not only effectively regulate the hydrogen flow in the system, but also quickly release hydrogen when needed to meet the needs of the fuel cell. Through such a circulation mechanism, the system can ensure the stability of pressure to the greatest extent and prevent equipment abnormalities or safety accidents caused by pressure fluctuations. At the same time, this design can also effectively prevent hydrogen from leaking into the environment, reduce resource waste, and improve the operating efficiency and safety of the entire system;

[0061] A cooling pipe network 403 is provided on the periphery of the fuel cell body 301, one end of the cooling pipe network 403 is connected to a waste heat recovery pipe 402, and one end of the waste heat recovery pipe 402 is fixed to the constant temperature tank 401; in order to more effectively utilize the excess heat generated by the fuel cell body 301 during operation, the heat dissipation area of ​​the fuel cell can be modified and covered with a special heat dissipation pipe, which is filled with a high-efficiency heat dissipation agent. When the fuel cell body 301 generates a large amount of heat due to the hydrogen hydrolysis reaction, the heat dissipation agent in the heat dissipation pipe will quickly absorb the heat, and then the heat dissipation agent carrying the heat will be transported to the temperature maintenance module 4, which includes the waste heat generated by the fuel cell body 301 during operation. The heat recovery pipe 402 and the thermostatic tank 401, the waste heat recovery pipe 402 serves as a heat conduction bridge, and reconnects the heat sink carrying heat to the thermostatic tank 401. In the thermostatic tank 401, the heat sink releases the heat it absorbs, and the heat is then used to maintain the temperature of other fluids in the tank stable. In this way, the heat that was originally wasted is effectively recovered and reused, which not only improves the comprehensive utilization rate of energy, but also reduces the demand for external energy, thereby achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. This design fully reflects the awareness of cherishing energy and protecting the environment, and is a concrete manifestation of the concept of sustainable development in practical application.

[0062] Embodiment 3:

[0063] See also Figure 1-12 In this embodiment, the staff adopts dn15-dn32 one-way valve, AirTac CM3PLO6R manual stop valve, CARD LOTT DN300 solenoid valve, Yongjia MT-980 flow limiting valve, Berg F series A filter, YK43F pressure reducing valve, QTY-32 pressure regulating valve, Swagelok SS-RL4S8 pressure relief valve, Guangzhou tooth cavity OR-D101 compressor, Chenlang LS-X drain and exhaust valve, Tai'an Demei DY-GDL40 constant temperature bath, Qilin HITS-400 fuel cell according to the method disclosed in the present invention, and constructs the main valve body module 2, fuel cell module 3 and temperature maintenance module 4 through the above components, and assembles them with the assembled metal hydride reactor module 1, so that the dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and the fuel cell system can be well thermally coupled;

[0064] After the staff uses a high-pressure hydrogen tank to inject hydrogen into the metal hydride reactor module 1, since the temperature of the injected hydrogen is much lower than the desorption temperature of the low-temperature metal hydride 107 and the high-temperature metal hydride 106, and is suitable for the adsorption of the low-temperature metal hydride 107 and the high-temperature metal hydride 106, when the tube-side heat exchange fluid pipe 104 of the metal hydride reactor module 1 is injected with the tube-side heat exchange fluid with a temperature range of 100 to 200°C through the thermostatic tank 401, the high-temperature metal hydride 106 reaches the desorption temperature, a chemical desorption reaction occurs, and the desorbed hydrogen generates hydrogen. The hydrogen enters the temperature control fluid warehouse 103, is cooled by the temperature control fluid, and enters the main valve body module 2 through the hydrogen outlet. The fuel cell module 3 releases heat during the reaction, and the excess heat is collected by the temperature maintaining module 4 and used as an auxiliary heating module for heating other fluids. When the high-temperature metal hydride 106 desorbs hydrogen, the low-temperature metal hydride 107 forms an effective temperature gradient and pressure driving potential because the temperature of its temperature-controlled fluid is between the above two temperature values, so that the low-temperature metal hydride 107 continuously desorbs hydrogen to the high-temperature metal hydride 106, and the high-temperature metal hydride 106 continuously absorbs hydrogen, so that the device can continuously supply hydrogen. After the device runs out of hydrogen for 3 hours, it runs stably again after hydrogen is re-injected and adsorbed through the hydrogen refilling port 109.

[0065] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and a fuel cell system thermal coupling device, the dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor is suitable for stably storing and supplying hydrogen and providing the hydrogen with a suitable working temperature, comprising a metal hydride reactor module (1) and a high-pressure hydrogen tank (5), the fuel cell system thermal coupling device is suitable for connecting and ensuring the circulation of hydrogen, the recovery of residual hydrogen and the collection of residual heat, comprising a main valve body module (2), a fuel cell module (3) and a temperature maintenance module (4), characterized in that: The dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor comprises a single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit (101), the inner wall of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit (101) is provided with a shell-side heat exchange fluid bin (105), the inner wall of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit (101) is fixed with a high-temperature metal hydride (106), the inner wall of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit (101) is fixed with a wire mesh (108), the inner wall of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit (101) is fixed with a low-temperature metal hydride (107), and the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit (101) is fixed with a wire mesh (108). The inner wall of the hydrogen unit (101) is provided with a tube-side heat exchange fluid pipe (104); a hydrogen refilling unit (102) is fixed at one end of the single-stage hydrogen storage and supply unit (101); a hydrogen refilling port (109) is fixed on the circumference of the hydrogen refilling unit (102); the hydrogen refilling port (109) is detachably connected to a high-pressure hydrogen tank (5); a temperature control fluid warehouse (103) is fixed at one end of the hydrogen refilling unit (102); the high-temperature metal hydride (106) can be heated at 100 to 200°C; The low-temperature metal hydride (107) can desorb hydrogen in a temperature range below 100° C. The tube-side heat exchange fluid tube (104) contains tube-side fluid, the shell-side heat exchange fluid tank (105) contains shell-side fluid, and the temperature control fluid tank (103) contains temperature control fluid. The temperature required for the desorption reaction of the high-temperature metal hydride (106) and the low-temperature metal hydride (107) is higher than the temperature of the adsorption reaction. The temperature control fluid tank (103) provides a hydrogen outlet and a hydrogen inlet. The metal hydride reactor module (1) is connected to a temperature maintenance module (4). The temperature maintenance module (4) includes a thermostatic tank (401). The tube-side fluid, the shell-side fluid and the temperature control fluid are all kept at a temperature through the thermostatic tank (401). A main valve body module (2) is provided at one end of the hydrogen outlet. The metal hydride reactor module (1) is connected to a fuel cell module (3) through the main valve body module (2).

2. The dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and fuel cell system thermal coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main valve body module (2) comprises a one-way valve (201), a one-way valve (201) is fixed at one end of the hydrogen outlet, a manual stop valve (202) is fixed at one end of the one-way valve (201), a solenoid valve (203) is fixed at one end of the manual stop valve (202), a flow limiting valve (204) is fixed at one end of the solenoid valve (203), a filter (205) is fixed at one end of the flow limiting valve (204), a pressure reducing valve (206) is fixed at one end of the filter (205), and a pressure reducing valve (206) is fixed at one end of the pressure reducing valve (206). A pressure regulating valve (207) is provided, the pressure regulating valve (207) is provided with a hydrogen outlet (209) and a hydrogen pressure release port (208), a fuel cell module (3) is provided at one end of the hydrogen outlet (209), the fuel cell module (3) comprises a fuel cell body (301), the fuel cell body (301) is provided with an anode inlet, an anode outlet, a cathode inlet and a cathode outlet, the hydrogen outlet (209) is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell body (301), and the hydrogen pressure release port (208) is connected to the anode outlet.

3. The dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and fuel cell system thermal coupling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure regulating valve (207) is provided with a residual hydrogen return port (302) on its circumference, a pressure relief valve (2010) is fixed at one end of the residual hydrogen return port (302), a manual stop valve (202) is fixed at one end of the pressure relief valve (2010), a one-way valve (201) is fixed at one end of the manual stop valve (202), and the one-way valve (201) is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the temperature control fluid tank (103).

4. The dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and fuel cell system thermal coupling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: An air filter (303) is fixed to one end of the cathode inlet, and a compressor (304) is fixed to one end of the air filter (303).

5. The dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and fuel cell system thermal coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A discharge pipe is fixed at one end of the cathode outlet, the discharge pipe is connected to a water discharge and exhaust valve (305), and a water storage device is provided at one end of the discharge pipe.

6. The dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and fuel cell system thermal coupling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A cooling pipe network (403) is provided on the circumference of the fuel cell body (301), one end of the cooling pipe network (403) is connected to a waste heat recovery pipe (402), and one end of the waste heat recovery pipe (402) is fixed to a constant temperature tank (401).

7. The dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and fuel cell system thermal coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature gauge (2011) is provided at one end of the temperature-controlled fluid tank (103).

8. The dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and fuel cell system thermal coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure gauge (2012) is provided at one end of the temperature-controlled fluid tank (103).

9. The dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and fuel cell system thermal coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way valves (201) of the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen inlet are in opposite directions.

10. The dual-temperature composite metal hydride reactor and fuel cell system thermal coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Activated carbon is arranged inside the filter (205).

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