Hard alloy microgroove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and microgroove design method thereof
By designing a spoon-shaped microgroove structure on the front face of the carbide turning tool, and combining intelligent algorithms and regression learning algorithms for multi-objective optimization design, the problems of poor wear resistance and low life of the tool during the Ti-6Al-4V cutting process of titanium alloy are solved, and the cutting force and temperature are significantly reduced, which improves the durability of the tool.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510113021.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-23
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to effectively solve the problems of poor wear resistance and low life of the tool during cutting, especially due to the accumulation of heat caused by low thermal conductivity and high temperature and high pressure environment.
A cemented carbide micro-groove turning tool is designed, with a spoon-shaped micro-groove structure on the front blade surface. The micro-groove structure parameters are optimized through the NSGA-II intelligent algorithm, and the cutting force and temperature are predicted by combining linear regression, Gaussian regression and support vector machine regression learning algorithm to achieve multi-objective optimization design.
By designing the spoon-shaped micro-groove structure, the cutting force and cutting temperature are effectively reduced, and the durability of the tool is improved. Compared with the original tool, the average main cutting force and peak cutting temperature are reduced by 7.4% and 5.6% respectively.
Smart Images
Figure CN120023356A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloys, and in particular relates to a hard alloy micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and a micro-groove design method thereof. Background Art
[0002] In terms of industrial demand, titanium alloys are widely used in various manufacturing fields such as aerospace, marine, medicine, and automobiles. However, in terms of machinability, titanium alloys are a typical difficult-to-machine material, showing characteristics such as poor tool wear resistance and low tool life during the cutting process.
[0003] However, in terms of machinability, titanium alloy is a typical difficult-to-machine material, and its low thermal conductivity exacerbates the heat accumulation during the cutting process. When ordinary original tools are used to cut titanium alloy, the close contact between the tool and the workpiece causes the tool cutting edge to be close to the workpiece. Figure 2 The elliptical area (circled in the middle) is in a harsh environment of high temperature and high pressure. The tool has poor wear resistance, which seriously deteriorates the service life of the tool.
[0004] Therefore, it is particularly important to design a suitable microstructure near the cutting edge of the tool to reduce the thermal load during cutting and improve tool durability. At present, the structural design of the front face of the tool in the cutting field mainly focuses on the groove structure design with the goals of friction reduction, chip breaking, and cooling. The friction reduction groove mainly improves the tool durability by reducing the friction between the front face of the tool and the bottom of the chip. The chip breaker groove mainly controls the cutting process by controlling the degree of chip curling and breaking. The cooling groove is designed by targeting the cutting temperature of the tool.
[0005] Cutting is an extremely complex multi-physical field coupling process. Designing the microgroove structure with only a single objective such as reducing friction, breaking chips, and cooling cannot effectively alleviate problems such as poor tool wear resistance and low tool life during the cutting process. Summary of the invention
[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a cemented carbide micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and a micro-groove design method thereof, and solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.
[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
[0008] A hard alloy micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, comprising: a rhombus-shaped turning tool body, the rhombus-shaped turning tool body is provided with a rake face, the edge of the rake face is provided with a main cutting edge and a tool tip arc, the rake face is provided with a cutting edge near region, the cutting edge near region is provided with a micro-groove, one side of the main cutting edge is provided with a micro-groove outer edge, a gap is provided between the micro-groove outer edge and the main cutting edge, the micro-groove is provided with a micro-groove head, the micro-groove head is provided with a head top, a tangent point at the micro-groove outer edge and a tangent point at the micro-groove inner edge;
[0009] The microgroove is a spoon-shaped microgroove structure, the bottom surface of the microgroove is an asymmetric smooth curved surface, the groove length of the microgroove is 0.7-1.5mm, the groove width is 0.2-0.4mm, the groove depth is 0.04-0.12mm, and the blade edge distance is 0.04-0.16mm.
[0010] Optionally, the micro groove has a groove length of 1.1 mm, a groove width of 0.2 mm, a groove depth of 0.04 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.04 mm.
[0011] Optionally, the micro groove has a groove length of 1.3 mm, a groove width of 0.2 mm, a groove depth of 0.04 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.04 mm.
[0012] Optionally, the micro groove has a groove length of 0.9 mm, a groove width of 0.2 mm, a groove depth of 0.08 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.16 mm.
[0013] Optionally, the micro groove has a groove length of 1.5 mm, a groove width of 0.3 mm, a groove depth of 0.08 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.1 mm.
[0014] Optionally, the micro groove has a groove length of 0.7 mm, a groove width of 0.3 mm, a groove depth of 0.08 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.1 mm.
[0015] Optionally, the micro groove has a groove length of 0.9 mm, a groove width of 0.2 mm, a groove depth of 0.12 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.16 mm.
[0016] A micro-groove design method for a cemented carbide micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V comprises the following steps:
[0017] S01: The initial microgroove structure is determined by the temperature field of the rake face, and then the optimal microgroove structure is determined based on the microgroove structure optimization design method combining simulation data drive and NSGA-Ⅱ intelligent algorithm;
[0018] S02: Linear regression, Gaussian regression and support vector machine regression learning algorithms are used to predict the average main cutting force and peak cutting temperature under different microgroove parameters, and the determination coefficient and root mean square error are used as evaluation indicators to judge the performance of different prediction models;
[0019] S03: Determine the optimal prediction model in each type of learning algorithm based on the determination coefficient and root mean square error, and test each type of optimal prediction model through the test set. Use the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm to perform multi-objective optimization design on the micro-groove structure of the tool to obtain the optimal micro-groove structure;
[0020] The expression of the coefficient of determination is:
[0021]
[0022] In the formula, n is the number of values, y is i is the actual value, y r is the average actual value, y p is the predicted value; R 2 The value range of is from 0 to 1, the larger the value;
[0023] The expression of the root mean square error is:
[0024]
[0025] RMSE is a number greater than or equal to zero. The smaller its value is, the smaller the deviation between the predicted value and the actual value is.
[0026] The established multi-objective optimization model of micro-groove structure is:
[0027] Find:X=(L,H,W,D)
[0028]
[0029] Where L, H, W, D are microgroove parameters, F c is the average main cutting force, T max is the peak cutting temperature.
[0030] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art. Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all the advantages described below at the same time:
[0031] 1. The present invention designs a spoon-shaped micro-groove structure near the cutting edge of the front cutting edge of the cemented carbide turning tool, so that the cutting force and cutting temperature generated during the tool cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V workpiece material are reduced at the same time, thereby effectively improving the tool durability.
[0032] 2. Compared with the tools in the prior art, the present invention has found through a large number of experimental analyses of cutting titanium alloy that when the spoon-shaped micro-groove inserted near the cutting edge of the front cutting edge of the tool has a groove length of 0.70-1.50 mm, a groove width of 0.2-0.4 mm, a groove depth of 0.04-0.12 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.04-0.16 mm, the average main cutting and peak cutting temperatures of the micro-groove tool are significantly reduced relative to the original tool.
[0033] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] The drawings described below are only some embodiments. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the drawings:
[0035] Figure 1 is an overall view of the micro-groove tool of the present invention;
[0036] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure at M;
[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure on the AA section;
[0038] Figure 4 It is the simulation diagram of cutting temperature and main cutting force obtained under the action of the original tool;
[0039] Figure 5 It is the simulation diagram of cutting temperature and main cutting force obtained under the action of micro groove tool when L = 1.1mm, H = 0.04mm, W = 0.2mm, D = 0.04mm;
[0040] Figure 6 It is the simulation diagram of cutting temperature and main cutting force obtained under the action of micro groove tool when L = 1.3mm, H = 0.04mm, W = 0.2mm, D = 0.04mm;
[0041] Figure 7 It is the simulation diagram of cutting temperature and main cutting force obtained under the action of micro groove tool when L = 0.9mm, H = 0.08mm, W = 0.2mm, D = 0.16mm;
[0042] Figure 8 It is the simulation diagram of cutting temperature and main cutting force obtained under the action of micro groove tool when L = 1.5mm, H = 0.08mm, W = 0.3mm, D = 0.10mm;
[0043] Fig. 9It is the simulation diagram of cutting temperature and main cutting force obtained under the action of micro groove tool when L = 0.7mm, H = 0.08mm, W = 0.3mm, D = 0.10mm;
[0044] Fig.10 It is the simulation diagram of cutting temperature and main cutting force obtained under the action of micro groove tool when L = 0.9mm, H = 0.12mm, W = 0.2mm, D = 0.16mm;
[0045] Fig.11 It is T max prediction models;
[0046] Fig.12 Yes F c prediction model.
[0047] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:
[0048] Rake face 1, main cutting edge 2, near-cutting edge 3, outer edge of micro-groove 4, tool tip arc 5, micro-groove 6, micro-groove head 7, top of head 8, tangent point at outer edge of micro-groove 9, tangent point at inner edge of micro-groove 10.
[0049] It should be noted that these drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the conceptual scope of the present invention in any way, but are intended to illustrate the concept of the present invention for those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0050] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0051] See also Figure 1-12 As shown, in this embodiment, a cemented carbide micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V is provided, comprising: a rhombus-shaped turning tool body, the rhombus-shaped turning tool body is provided with a rake face 1, the edge of the rake face 1 is provided with a main cutting edge 2 and a tool tip arc 5, the rake face 1 is provided with a cutting edge near region 3, the cutting edge near region 3 is provided with a micro-groove 6, the micro-groove 6 is provided with a micro-groove head 7, the micro-groove head 7 is provided with a head top 8, a micro-groove outer edge tangent point 9 and a micro-groove inner edge tangent point 10;
[0052] The microgroove 6 is a spoon-shaped microgroove structure, the bottom surface of the microgroove 6 is an asymmetric smooth curved surface, the groove length of the microgroove 6 is 0.7-1.5mm, the groove width is 0.2-0.4mm, the groove depth is 0.04-0.12mm, and the edge distance is 0.04-0.16mm. Among them, the preferred value of the groove length is 1.1mm, the preferred value of the groove width is 0.3mm, the preferred value of the groove depth is 0.08mm, and the preferred value of the edge distance is 0.16mm; the microgroove head 7 is an arc shape, and the horizontal distance and vertical distance of the head top 8 from the tangent point 9 at the outer edge of the microgroove are fixed at 0.33mm and 0.95mm respectively. According to the changes in the straight groove part of the microgroove 6, the head top 8, the tangent point 9 at the outer edge of the microgroove, and the tangent point 10 at the inner edge of the microgroove are connected smoothly by a spline curve.
[0053] The micro groove 6 of this embodiment has a groove length of 1.1 mm, a groove width of 0.2 mm, a groove depth of 0.04 mm, and a blade margin of 0.04 mm. The micro groove 6 can reduce the average main cutting force and the peak cutting temperature by 7.4% and 5.6% respectively.
[0054] The micro groove 6 of this embodiment has a groove length of 1.3 mm, a groove width of 0.2 mm, a groove depth of 0.04 mm, and a blade margin of 0.04 mm. The micro groove 6 can reduce the average main cutting force and the peak cutting temperature by 12.0% and 6.7% respectively.
[0055] The micro groove 6 of this embodiment has a groove length of 0.9 mm, a groove width of 0.2 mm, a groove depth of 0.08 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.16 mm. The micro groove 6 can reduce the average main cutting force and the peak cutting temperature by 10.2% and 8.5% respectively.
[0056] The micro groove 6 of this embodiment has a groove length of 1.5 mm, a groove width of 0.3 mm, a groove depth of 0.08 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.1 mm. By providing the micro groove 6, the average main cutting force and the peak cutting temperature can be reduced by 23.6% and 9.1% respectively.
[0057] The micro groove 6 of this embodiment has a groove length of 0.7 mm, a groove width of 0.3 mm, a groove depth of 0.08 mm, and a blade margin of 0.1 mm. The micro groove 6 can reduce the average main cutting force and the peak cutting temperature by 23.4% and 11.7% respectively.
[0058] The micro groove 6 of this embodiment has a groove length of 0.9 mm, a groove width of 0.2 mm, a groove depth of 0.12 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.16 mm. By setting the micro groove 6, the average main cutting force and the peak cutting temperature can be reduced by 12.0% and 18.5% respectively.
[0059] A micro-groove design method for a cemented carbide micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V comprises the following steps:
[0060] S01: First, the initial microgroove structure is determined by the temperature field of the tool rake face, and then a microgroove structure optimization design method based on the combination of simulation data drive and NSGA-Ⅱ intelligent algorithm is proposed to determine the optimal microgroove structure;
[0061] S02: The average main cutting force F under different microgroove parameters is calculated by using linear regression (LR), Gaussian regression (GPR) and support vector machine regression (SVM) and other category learning algorithms. c and peak cutting temperature T max Make predictions to determine the coefficient (R 2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE) are used as evaluation indicators to judge the performance of different prediction models. 2 The expressions of and RMSE are as follows:
[0062]
[0063] In the formula, n is the number of values, y is i is the actual value, y r is the average actual value, y p is the predicted value; R 2 The value range of is from 0 to 1, the larger the value;
[0064]
[0065] S03: According to R 2 The optimal prediction model in each type of learning algorithm is determined by RMSE, and each type of optimal prediction model is tested through the test set. The test results are as follows: Figure 11-12 It can be seen that compared with the optimal linear and optimal SVM models, the results obtained when using the optimal GPR model to predict the two prediction quantities are more accurate. Therefore, the optimal GPR prediction model is used as the subsequent multi-objective optimization process to obtain T max and F c The prediction model of the tool is used, and the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm is used to perform multi-objective optimization design on the micro-groove structure of the tool to obtain the optimal micro-groove structure; since the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ) with elite strategy has the advantages of fast running speed and good solution set convergence, the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm is used to perform multi-objective optimization design on the micro-groove structure of the tool to obtain the optimal micro-groove structure; the established multi-objective optimization model of the micro-groove structure is as follows:
[0066] Find:X=(L,H,W,D)
[0067]
[0068] Where L, H, W, D are microgroove parameters, F c is the average main cutting force, T max is the peak cutting temperature.
[0069] Compared with the prior art, the present invention designs a spoon-shaped micro-groove structure near the front cutting edge of the carbide turning tool, so that the cutting force and cutting temperature generated by the tool in the process of cutting the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V workpiece material are reduced at the same time, thereby effectively improving the tool durability. Compared with the original tool, through a large number of experimental analyses of cutting titanium alloys, it is found that when the slot length L of the spoon-shaped micro-groove inserted near the front cutting edge of the tool is in the range of 0.70-1.50mm, the slot width W is in the range of 0.2-0.4mm, the slot depth H is in the range of 0.04-0.12mm, and the edge distance D is in the range of 0.04-0.16mm, the average main cutting and peak cutting temperatures of the micro-groove tool are significantly reduced relative to the original tool. The reason is that the insertion of microgrooves improves the contact state between the front tool and the bottom of the chip (referred to as tool-chip), reduces the actual contact length of tool-chip, and reduces the actual contact area of tool-chip, thereby reducing the friction degree of the tool-chip interface, reducing the friction force, and then reducing the cutting force; in addition, the reduction of friction force reduces the heat generation capacity of the cutting system, and the insertion of microgrooves increases the convection heat transfer area and enhances the heat dissipation capacity of the tool, thereby reducing the cutting temperature from both the heat generation and heat dissipation aspects. The reduction of thermal load enhances the wear resistance of the tool, thereby extending the tool life.
[0070] Compared with the traditional preset structure design, the initial micro-groove structure of this patent is obtained through the temperature field of the tool rake face during the cutting process. The temperature field of the tool rake face reflects the load degree of the tool. Therefore, designing the initial micro-groove structure through the temperature field of the tool rake face is expected to improve the tool load state. However, the tool is also subjected to thermal loads during the cutting process, so it is urgent to reduce the cutting temperature and reduce the cutting force as optimization goals at the same time. By constructing an optimization model between the micro-groove structure parameters and the dual goals, the micro-groove tool with the best cutting performance can be selected.
[0071] The microgroove design method of this patent provides the basis for the initial microgroove design, and improves the reliability, accuracy and efficiency of the microgroove design through data-driven and multi-objective optimization.
[0072] In order to better demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, the following comparative simulation experiments were conducted using the original tool and the micro-groove tool. The results show that compared with the original tool, the micro-groove tool effectively reduces the average main cutting force and peak cutting temperature, thereby extending the tool life.
[0073] Table 1 Implementation cases and effects
[0074]
[0075] Among them, the groove length is L, the groove width is W, the groove depth is H, and the edge distance is D.
[0076] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Anyone should be aware that any structural changes made under the enlightenment of the present invention, and any technical solutions that are the same or similar to the present invention, fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The technology, shape, and structural parts not described in detail in the present invention are all well-known technologies.
Claims
1. A cemented carbide micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, characterized in that: include: A rhombus-shaped turning tool body is provided with a rake face (1), the edge of the rake face (1) is provided with a main cutting edge (2) and a tool tip arc (5), the rake face (1) is provided with a cutting edge near region (3), and the cutting edge near region (3) is provided with a micro groove (6) ， A microgroove outer edge (4) is provided on one side of the main cutting edge (2), a gap is provided between the microgroove outer edge (4) and the main cutting edge (2), a microgroove head (7) is provided on the microgroove (6), and a head top (8), a microgroove outer edge tangent point (9) and a microgroove inner edge tangent point (10) are provided on the microgroove head (7); The microgroove (6) is a spoon-shaped microgroove structure, the bottom surface of the microgroove (6) is an asymmetric smooth curved surface, the groove length of the microgroove (6) is 0.7-1.5 mm, the groove width is 0.2-0.4 mm, the groove depth is 0.04-0.12 mm, and the edge distance is 0.04-0.16 mm.
2. The cemented carbide micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro groove (6) has a groove length of 1.1 mm, a groove width of 0.2 mm, a groove depth of 0.04 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.04 mm.
3. The cemented carbide micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro groove (6) has a groove length of 1.3 mm, a groove width of 0.2 mm, a groove depth of 0.04 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.04 mm.
4. The cemented carbide micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro groove (6) has a groove length of 0.9 mm, a groove width of 0.2 mm, a groove depth of 0.08 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.16 mm.
5. The cemented carbide micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro groove (6) has a groove length of 1.5 mm, a groove width of 0.3 mm, a groove depth of 0.08 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.1 mm.
6. The cemented carbide micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro groove (6) has a groove length of 0.7 mm, a groove width of 0.3 mm, a groove depth of 0.08 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.1 mm.
7. The cemented carbide micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro groove (6) has a groove length of 0.9 mm, a groove width of 0.2 mm, a groove depth of 0.12 mm, and a blade edge distance of 0.16 mm.
8. A microgroove design method for a cemented carbide microgroove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, characterized in that: The steps include: S01: Determine the initial microgroove structure through the temperature field of the rake face (1), and then determine the optimal microgroove structure based on the microgroove structure optimization design method combined with simulation data drive and NSGA-Ⅱ intelligent algorithm; S02: Linear regression, Gaussian regression and support vector machine regression learning algorithms are used to predict the average main cutting force and peak cutting temperature under different microgroove parameters, and the determination coefficient and root mean square error are used as evaluation indicators to judge the performance of different prediction models; S03: The optimal prediction model in each type of learning algorithm is determined based on the determination coefficient and the root mean square error, and each type of optimal prediction model is tested through the test set. The NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm is used to perform multi-objective optimization design on the micro-groove structure of the tool to obtain the optimal micro-groove structure.
9. The microgroove design method for a cemented carbide microgroove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V according to claim 8, characterized in that: The expression of the coefficient of determination is: In the formula, n is the number of values, y is i is the actual value, y r is the average actual value, y p is the predicted value; R 2 The value range of is from 0 to 1, the larger the value; The expression of the root mean square error is: RMSE is a number greater than or equal to zero. The smaller the value, the smaller the deviation between the predicted value and the actual value.
10. The microgroove design method for a cemented carbide microgroove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V according to claim 8, characterized in that: The established multi-objective optimization model of micro-groove structure is: Find:X=(L,H,W,D) Where L, H, W, D are microgroove parameters, F c is the average main cutting force, T max is the peak cutting temperature.