Single-stand-column polar coordinate numerical control machine tool for gear chamfering

Abstract

The invention discloses a single-stand-column polar coordinate numerical control machine tool for gear chamfering, and relates to the technical field of numerical control equipment. The composite chamfering machine comprises a composite chamfering machine tool, and the composite chamfering machine tool comprises a base, a stand column, a rotary workbench, an X1-axis radial feeding system, an X2-axis radial feeding system, a Z1-axis feeding system, a Z2-axis feeding system, a C-axis transmission pair and a chamfering main shaft system. The chamfering main shaft system comprises an SP1 shaft lower end face tooth profile chamfering main shaft, an SP2 shaft upper end face tooth profile chamfering main shaft and a rotating table and is in rigid connection with the stand column. The Z1 axial feeding system is installed on the stand column. A single stand column layout with a compact structure is used, an outer tooth workpiece and the workpiece are clamped at a time, all chamfering of the tooth profile of an outer gear can be completed, the size and the shape of chamfers are adjustable, the size of the chamfers is consistent, tooth grooves are automatically centered, the automation degree is high, the gear chamfering efficiency is improved, and meanwhile the economical efficiency of a machine tool is considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical control equipment, and in particular relates to a single-column polar coordinate numerical control machine tool for gear chamfering. Background Art

[0002] Gear chamfering is an important process before gear quenching heat treatment and finishing. It can remove burrs and sharp corners on the edge of the gear teeth, effectively reduce quenching cracks, reduce stress concentration, reduce gear meshing noise, and improve gear meshing quality and service life.

[0003] For many years, the gear industry has been using manual chamfering to chamfer tooth profiles and tooth directions; however, with the continuous improvement of gear heat treatment and appearance requirements, many industries such as wind power, construction machinery, and gearboxes have gradually adopted machine tools instead of manual chamfering. At present, domestic chamfering machine tools mainly use the profiling method, which uses the profiling head to directly contact the tooth surface and then control the chamfering tool to chamfer along the tooth profile. This method is simple in principle, but the profiling head is prone to wear and affects the processing accuracy, and it is easy to scratch the processed tooth surface. In addition, there are certain requirements for the pressure angle and root fillet of the gear; large double-column gantry structure chamfering machines, although powerful and more automated, are relatively expensive and are not suitable for large-size gear processing.

[0004] To this end, we provide a single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool for gear chamfering to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool for gear chamfering, which is capable of performing compound chamfering on the tooth profile / tooth direction of internal / external, straight / helical gears. In particular, its single-column machine tool layout has a compact structure and low cost. When applied to small-module external tooth workpieces that only require tooth profile processing, its advantages are particularly obvious, and it can solve the problems in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions.

[0007] The present invention discloses a single-column polar coordinate numerical control machine tool for gear chamfering, comprising a compound chamfering machine tool, wherein the compound chamfering machine tool comprises a base, a column, a rotary table, an X1-axis radial feed system, an X2-axis radial feed system, a Z1-axis axial feed system, a Z2-axis axial feed system, a C-axis transmission pair and a chamfering spindle system, wherein the chamfering spindle system comprises an SP1-axis lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle, an SP2-axis upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle and a rotary table, and is rigidly connected to the column; the Z1-axis axial feed system is installed on the column, the Z1-axis axial feed carriage is driven by the Z1-axis feed transmission pair, and performs Z1-axis feed along the guide rail on the column; the Z2-axis axial feed system is installed on the column, the Z2-axis axial feed carriage is driven by the Z2-axis feed transmission pair, and performs Z2-axis feed along the guide rail on the column ; The X1-axis tool holder and the X2-axis tool holder are respectively installed on the Z1 axial feed slide and the Z2 axial feed slide, and are driven by the X1-axis feed transmission pair and the X2-axis feed transmission pair respectively and perform X1-axis radial and X2-axis radial feed along the horizontal guide rail of the vertical feed slide; the SP1-axis lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle of the chamfering spindle system is installed on the X1-axis tool holder, which is used for chamfering the lower end face of the gear; the SP2-axis upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle of the chamfering spindle system is installed on the X2-axis tool holder, which is used for chamfering the upper end face of the gear; a compact single-column machine tool layout is used, and based on the polar coordinate machining theory and the CNC envelope principle, a high-speed rotating carbide milling cutter is used to achieve compound chamfering of the end faces on both sides of the tooth profile of internal / external spur / helical gears, simultaneous chamfering of both sides of the external tooth profile, and separate chamfering of both sides of the internal tooth profile.

[0008] The present invention is further configured as follows: the X1-axis radial feed system includes an X1-axis tool holder driven by an X1-axis feed transmission pair, and the X1-axis tool holder is installed on a Z1-axial feed slide; the X2-axis axial feed system includes an X2-axis tool holder driven by an X2-axis feed transmission pair, and the X2-axis tool holder is installed on the Z2-axial feed slide; the rotation of the internal / external cylindrical gears is driven by a CNC rotary indexing table to realize C-axis continuous rotary indexing interpolation to meet the polar coordinate development movement during the chamfering process.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that the tooth profile chamfering is controlled by a numerical control system, and some of the five servo axes, namely, the X1 axis, the X2 axis, the Z1 axis, the Z2 axis and the C axis, are interpolated in linkage: when the planar tooth profile is chamfered, the machine tool uses the X1 axis, the X2 axis and the C axis to interpolate the curve contour in the plane along the tooth profile line; when an angle appears between the end face of the gear ring and the axial direction and an end face chamfer appears at the tooth top, spatial three-axis interpolation is performed; the workpiece is clamped once to achieve composite processing of two end faces: the X2 axis, the Z2 axis and the C axis chamfer the upper end face, and the X1 axis, the Z1 axis and the C axis chamfer the lower end face.

[0010] The present invention is further configured such that the SP1 axis lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle and the SP2 axis upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle are AC variable frequency electric spindle direct drive, with a rotation speed of 800-9000rpm, and the tool linear speed can reach 120-180m / min, and constant linear speed feeding can be met during the chamfering process.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that the SP1 axis lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle and the SP2 axis upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle utilize variable diameter ER chucks to clamp carbide chamfering cutters for chamfering processing, the form of chamfering is determined by the tool form, and a chamfer of 30°-45° can be achieved; the size of the chamfer can be arbitrarily set by the machine tool, and the machine tool controls the size of the chamfer by the feed depth of the Z1 / Z2 or X1 / X2 axis.

[0012] The present invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0013] The outstanding advantages of the composite machine tool of the present invention are: it adopts a compact single-column layout, and for external gear workpieces, the workpiece can be clamped once, and all chamfers of the external gear tooth profile can be completed. The chamfer size and shape are adjustable, the chamfer dimensions are consistent, the tooth groove is automatically aligned, the degree of automation is high, and the gear chamfering efficiency is improved while taking into account the economy of the machine tool.

[0014] The present invention uses a compact single-column layout, adopts the design concept of polar coordinate CNC interpolation, establishes a workpiece polar coordinate system with the center of the rotary table as the pole, and uses a high-speed rotating carbide milling cutter to achieve the tooth profile chamfering function of internal / external spur / helical gears. The end faces on both sides of the external tooth workpiece can be chamfered at the same time, and the chamfer size and chamfer shape are adjustable.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the design concept of CNC interpolation and polar coordinates, and utilizes a high-speed rotating carbide milling cutter to realize the tooth profile chamfering function of internal / external spur / helical gears. The end faces on both sides of the external tooth workpiece can be chamfered at the same time, avoiding the turning over and secondary clamping of the workpiece. The present invention comprehensively considers the process composite characteristics of internal and external teeth, spur and helical teeth, tooth profiles and chamfer shapes and specifications, and reasonably designs the single-column double-tool holder structure of the machine tool. The five servo axes X1 / X2 / Z1 / Z2 / C perform linkage interpolation of some axes according to specific requirements: when the plane tooth profile is chamfered, the machine tool adopts the linkage of the X1 / X2 axis and the C axis to perform in-plane curve contour interpolation along the tooth profile line; when an angle appears between the end face of the gear ring and the axial direction and the end face chamfer appears at the tooth top position, spatial three-axis linkage interpolation is performed; the workpiece is clamped once to realize the composite processing of two end faces: the X2 / Z2 / C axis chamfers the upper end face, and the X1 / Z1 / C axis chamfers the lower end face; all interpolation programs are generated by special software.

[0016] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for describing the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0018] Figure 1 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the structure and transmission system of a single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool for gear chamfering.

[0019] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of internal tooth profile chamfering of a single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool for gear chamfering.

[0020] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of external tooth profile chamfering of a single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool used for gear chamfering.

[0021] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of spatial tooth profile chamfering of a single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool used for gear chamfering.

[0022] Figure 5 The figure is a structural stereogram of a single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool used for gear chamfering.

[0023] Figure 6 It is a single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool for gear chamfering. Figure 5 Rear view of.

[0024] Figure 7 An exploded schematic diagram of the top structure of a rotary table in a single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool used for gear chamfering.

[0025] Figure 8 The exploded schematic diagram of the front structure of the column in a single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool used for gear chamfering.

[0026] Fig. 9 It is a single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool for gear chamfering. Figure 8 Rear view of.

[0027] In the attached drawings: 1. base; 2. X1-axis tool holder; 3. X1-axis radial feed system; 4. Z1-axis axial feed slide; 5. Z1-axis axial feed system; 6. column; 7. X2-axis tool holder; 8. X2-axis radial feed system; 9. Z2-axis axial feed slide; 10. Z2-axis axial feed system; 11. SP2-axis upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle; 12. workpiece; 13. tooling bracket; 14. rotary table; 15. SP1-axis lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle; G1, X1-axis feed transmission pair; G2, X2-axis feed transmission pair; G3, Z1-axis feed transmission pair; G4, Z2-axis feed transmission pair; G5, C-axis transmission pair. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0029] Example

[0030] See also Figure 1-9 The present invention is a single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool for gear chamfering, including a compound chamfering machine tool, which includes a base 1, a column 6, a rotary table 14, an X1-axis radial feed system 3, an X2-axis radial feed system 8, a Z1-axis axial feed system 5, a Z2-axis axial feed system 10, a C-axis transmission pair G5 and a chamfering spindle system, wherein the chamfering spindle system includes: an SP1-axis lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle 15, an SP2-axis upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle 11, the base 1, the rotary table 14 and the column 6 are rigidly connected; the Z1-axis feed system 5 is installed on the column 6, and the Z1-axis feed carriage 4 is driven by the Z1-axis feed transmission pair G3, and performs Z1-axis movement along the guide rail on the column 6. Feed; the Z2 axial feed system 10 is installed on the column 6, driven by the Z2 axis feed transmission pair G4, and performs Z2 axial feed along the guide rail on the column 6; the X1 axis tool holder 2 and the X2 axis tool holder 7 are respectively installed on the Z1 axial feed slide 4 and the Z2 axial feed slide 9, respectively driven by the X1 axis feed transmission pair G1 and the X2 axis feed transmission pair G2 and perform X1 axis radial and X2 axis radial feed along the horizontal guide rail of the vertical feed slide; the SP2 axis upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle 11 of the chamfering spindle system is installed on the X2 axis tool holder 7, which is used for chamfering the upper end face of the gear; the SP1 axis lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle 15 of the chamfering spindle system is installed on the Z1 axis tool holder, which is used for chamfering the lower end face of the gear.

[0031] The Z1 axial feed system 5 includes a Z1-axis slide driven by a Z1-axis feed transmission pair G3, and an X1-axis tool holder 2 is installed on the Z1-axis feed slide; the Z2 axial feed system 10 includes a Z2-axis slide driven by a Z2-axis feed transmission pair G4, and an X2-axis tool holder 7 is installed on the Z2-axis feed slide. The rotation of the internal / external cylindrical gears is driven by a CNC rotary indexing table to realize C-axis continuous rotary indexing interpolation to meet the polar coordinate development movement during the chamfering process.

[0032] A further technical solution is that the tooth profile chamfering is controlled by the CNC system, and some of the five servo axes, namely the X1 axis, X2 axis, Z1 axis, Z2 axis and C axis, are interpolated in linkage: when the planar tooth profile is chamfered, the machine tool uses the X1 axis, X2 axis and C axis to interpolate the curve contour in the plane along the tooth profile line; when an angle appears between the end face of the gear ring and the axial direction and an end face chamfer appears at the tooth top, spatial three-axis interpolation is performed; the external gear workpiece 12 is clamped at one time to achieve composite processing of two end faces: the X1 axis, Z1 axis and C axis chamfer the lower end face, and the X2 axis, Z2 axis and C axis chamfer the upper end face; all interpolation programs are generated by special software.

[0033] The SP1 axis lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle 15 and the SP2 axis upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle 11 are AC variable frequency electric spindle direct drive, with a rotation speed of 800-9000rpm, and the tool linear speed can reach 120-180m / min, which can meet the constant linear speed feed during the chamfering process.

[0034] The electric spindles of the SP1 axis lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle 15 and the SP2 axis upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle 11 use variable diameter ER chucks to clamp carbide chamfering milling cutters for chamfering. The form of chamfering is determined by the tool form, and a chamfer of 30°-45° can be achieved. The size of the chamfer can be arbitrarily set by the machine tool. The machine tool controls the chamfer size through the feed depth of the Z1 / Z2 (or X1 / X2) axis.

[0035] 1. The base 1 and the rotary table 14 are rigidly connected with the column 6; the workpiece 12 is mounted on the rotary table 14, and the C-axis indexing is realized by the transmission pair G5, and its rotation center is coaxial with the axis of the rotary table; the vertical feed carriage is mounted on the column 6, and is driven by the Z1 axis feed transmission pair G3 and the Z2 axis feed transmission pair G4, and performs Z1 / Z2 axial feed along the guide rail on the column 6; the horizontal tool holder is mounted on the vertical feed carriage, and is driven by the feed transmission pair G1 / G2 and performs X1 / X2 radial feed along the horizontal guide rail of the vertical feed carriage; the chamfering spindle systems SP1 and SP2 are mounted on the X1 axis tool holder 2 and the X2 axis tool holder 7.

[0036] 2. Each feed motion axis of the single-column 6-polar coordinate CNC machine tool for gear chamfering is controlled by a CNC system. Based on the polar coordinate processing theory and the CNC envelope principle, a high-speed rotating carbide milling cutter is used to realize the composite chamfering of the end faces on both sides of the tooth profile of the internal / external spur / helical gears; the two direct-drive electric spindles 15 for the lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle 15 of the SP1 axis and the upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle 11 of the SP2 axis are controlled by a frequency converter, and the tool linear speed reaches 120-180m / min, and the cutting linear speed can be adjusted in real time according to different tool diameters and different cutting parts to ensure maximum cutting efficiency.

[0037] 3. Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of end face chamfering. When the plane tooth profile is chamfered, the machine tool uses the X1 / X2 axis and C axis to interpolate the plane curve profile along the tooth profile line. The two end faces of the external teeth can be chamfered at the same time, and the two end faces of the internal teeth need to be chamfered separately.

[0038] 4. Figure 4It is a schematic diagram of spatial tooth profile chamfering. When an angle appears between the end face of the gear ring and the axial direction and an end face chamfer appears at the tooth top, spatial three-axis linkage interpolation is performed; the workpiece 12 is clamped once to achieve composite processing of two end faces: X1 / Z1 / C / SP1 axis chamfers the lower end face, and X2 / Z2 / C / SP2 axis chamfers the upper end face; all interpolation programs are generated by dedicated software.

[0039] The standard parts used in the present invention can all be purchased from the market, and can be customized according to the description in the specification and drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional means such as mature bolts, rivets, welding, etc. in the prior art. Machinery, parts and equipment all adopt conventional models in the prior art. The control method is automatically controlled by a control unit. The control circuit of the control unit can be realized by simple programming by technicians in this field, which is common knowledge in this field, so the control method and circuit connection are not explained in detail in the present invention.

[0040] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that technicians in the relevant technical field can better understand and utilize the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool for gear chamfering, including a compound chamfering machine tool, characterized in that: The compound chamfering machine tool comprises a base (1), a column (6), a rotary table (14), an X1-axis radial feed system (3), an X2-axis radial feed system (8), a Z1-axis axial feed system (5), a Z2-axis axial feed system (10), a C-axis transmission pair (G5) and a chamfering spindle system, wherein the chamfering spindle system comprises an SP1-axis lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle (15), an SP2-axis upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle (11), and a rotary table (14), and is rigidly connected to the column (6); The Z1 axial feed system (3) is mounted on the column (6), and the Z1 axial feed carriage (4) is driven by the Z1 axis feed transmission pair (G1) to perform Z1 axial feed along the guide rail on the column; the Z2 axial feed system (10) is mounted on the column (6), and the Z2 axial feed carriage (9) is driven by the Z2 axis feed transmission pair (G2) to perform Z2 axial feed along the guide rail on the column; the X1 axis tool holder (2) and the X2 axis tool holder (7) are respectively mounted on the Z1 axial feed carriage (4) and the Z2 axis tool holder (7). On the axial feed carriage (9), the gears are driven by the X1-axis feed transmission pair (G3) and the X2-axis feed transmission pair (G4) respectively and feed along the horizontal guide rail of the vertical feed carriage in the X1-axis radial direction and the X2-axis radial direction; the SP1-axis lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle (15) of the chamfering spindle system is installed on the X1-axis tool holder (2) and is used for chamfering the lower end face of the gear; the SP2-axis upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle (11) of the chamfering spindle system is installed on the X2-axis tool holder (7) and is used for chamfering the upper end face of the gear; A compact single-column machine layout is used. Based on the polar coordinate machining theory and CNC enveloping principle, a high-speed rotating carbide milling cutter is used to achieve compound chamfering of the end faces on both sides of the tooth profile of internal / external spur / helical gears, simultaneous chamfering of both sides of the external tooth profile, and separate chamfering of both sides of the internal tooth profile.

2. A single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool for gear chamfering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X1-axis radial feed system (3) comprises an X1-axis tool holder (2) driven by an X1-axis feed transmission pair (G3), and the X1-axis tool holder (2) is mounted on a Z1-axis axial feed carriage (4); the X2-axis axial feed system (8) comprises an X2-axis tool holder (7) driven by an X2-axis feed transmission pair (G4), and the X2-axis tool holder (7) is mounted on a Z2-axis axial feed carriage (9); the rotation of the internal / external tooth cylindrical gear (12) is driven by a CNC rotary indexing table, so as to realize C-axis continuous rotary indexing interpolation and meet the requirements of polar coordinate development motion during the chamfering process.

3. The single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool for gear chamfering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tooth profile chamfering is controlled by a numerical control system, and some of the five servo axes, namely, the X1 axis, the X2 axis, the Z1 axis, the Z2 axis and the C axis, are interpolated in linkage: when the plane tooth profile is chamfered, the machine tool uses the X1 axis, the X2 axis and the C axis to interpolate the curve contour in the plane along the tooth profile line; when an angle appears between the end face of the gear ring and the axial direction and an end face chamfer appears at the tooth top, spatial three-axis interpolation is performed; the workpiece is clamped once to achieve composite processing of two end faces: the X2 axis, the Z2 axis and the C axis chamfer the upper end face, and the X1 axis, the Z1 axis and the C axis chamfer the lower end face.

4. The single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool for gear chamfering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The SP1 axis lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle (15) and the SP2 axis upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle (11) are AC variable frequency electric spindle direct drive, with a rotation speed of 800-9000rpm, and a tool linear speed of 120-180m / min, which can meet the constant linear speed feed during the chamfering process.

5. The single-column polar coordinate CNC machine tool for gear chamfering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The SP1 axis lower end face tooth profile chamfering spindle (15) and the SP2 axis upper end face tooth profile chamfering spindle (11) utilize a variable diameter ER chuck to clamp a carbide chamfering milling cutter for chamfering processing. The chamfering form is determined by the tool form and can achieve a chamfer of 30°-45°. The size of the chamfer can be arbitrarily set by the machine tool, and the machine tool controls the chamfering size through the feed depth of the Z1 / Z2 or X1 / X2 axis.

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