A method for cold and hot working and water fire straightening of aluminum alloy workpieces of a ship

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of ship aluminum alloy workpiece technology, and relates to a ship aluminum alloy workpiece cold and hot processing and water-fire correction method. The processed plate is bent on a roll bender, the plate thickness of the processed plate is greater than 10 mm, the bending processing radius is greater than 50 mm, and direct cold processing is performed; the plate thickness of the processed plate is less than or equal to 10 mm, the bending processing radius is less than or equal to 50 mm, and the processed plate is preheated to 150 DEG C to 200 DEG C before processing; a flame gun nozzle is close to the processed plate, a part to be processed is heated, the part to be processed is cooled, the heating temperature of the flame gun is between 160 DEG C and 200 DEG C, the cooling medium temperature is between 30 DEG C and 60 DEG C, and the distance between the flame gun and the cooling medium is between 30 mm and 50 mm during heating and cooling. The ship aluminum alloy workpiece cold and hot processing and water-fire correction method improves the processing quality of the ship aluminum alloy workpiece and the correction quality after ship welding through the control of the ship aluminum alloy raw material processing link and the ship aluminum alloy workpiece welding link, and improves the overall quality of the ship.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of marine aluminum alloy workpieces, and more specifically, it relates to a method for cold and hot working and water and fire straightening of marine aluminum alloy workpieces. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of modern shipping and shipbuilding industries, the requirements for ship weight are increasing daily. Ship weight not only affects hull stability but also its dynamic performance. Aluminum alloys, as a material with strength similar to steel plates but lighter and more corrosion-resistant, are widely used in the shipbuilding industry. However, currently, there are no effective processing techniques for aluminum alloy materials, resulting in insufficient precision in workpiece processing and welding, affecting overall quality.

[0003] Existing technology includes a technique entitled "A Novel Nonlinear Aging Heat Treatment Method for Age-Strengthening Al-Mg Alloys," with publication number "118086706A." This technique discloses a novel nonlinear heating aging heat treatment method for age-strengthable Al-Mg alloys, belonging to the field of aluminum alloy heat treatment technology. For novel age-strengthable Al-Mg alloys, after solution treatment and holding cooling, a two-stage aging treatment is performed. In the first stage, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 100–180℃ at a heating rate of 1–20℃ / h; in the second stage, the temperature is increased from 100–180℃ to 240℃ at a heating rate of 10–50℃ / h, yielding different optimized solutions. By rationally controlling the heating rate and aging temperature through the nonlinear heating aging heat treatment process, multi-scale and multi-type nano-strengthening phases are obtained, ultimately producing workpieces with excellent mechanical properties. This method can be applied in actual production and can meet the needs of high-performance aluminum alloy heat treatment processes in fields such as shipbuilding. However, this technique does not address the technical problems and solutions of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for cold and hot processing and water and fire straightening of aluminum alloy workpieces for ships, which is simple in steps, can effectively improve the processing quality of aluminum alloy workpieces for ships and the straightening quality after ship welding, and improve the overall quality of ship construction.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] This invention relates to a method for cold and hot working and water-fire straightening of aluminum alloy workpieces for ships, characterized by including cold and hot working steps and water-fire straightening steps for the aluminum alloy workpieces. The cold and hot working steps are as follows:

[0007] S1. Cold working of aluminum alloy workpieces: The workpiece is bent on a roller bending machine. If the thickness of the workpiece is >10mm and the bending radius is >50mm, it is directly cold-worked. If the thickness of the workpiece is ≤10mm and the bending radius is ≤50mm, it is preheated to 150℃~200℃ before processing.

[0008] S2. Hot working of aluminum alloy workpieces: The flame gun nozzle is close to the workpiece. The workpiece is heated by the high temperature of the flame gun while being cooled by the cooling medium. The flame gun heating temperature is between 160℃ and 200℃, and the cooling medium temperature is between 30℃ and 60℃.

[0009] S3. When heating and cooling, the distance between the flame gun and the cooling medium should be 30mm to 50mm;

[0010] S4. Formed aluminum alloy workpieces after cold and hot working;

[0011] The water and fire correction steps are as follows:

[0012] S1. Welding cold and hot-worked aluminum alloy workpieces onto the ship;

[0013] S2. The correction operation is carried out symmetrically with respect to the centerline plane and the axis of the cross section of the component; in the height direction, it is carried out from bottom to top; when correcting two adjacent structures with different rigidities, the structure with greater rigidity is corrected first, that is, the structure with larger thickness or component cross section is corrected first; when correcting a plate frame structure, the deformation of the skeleton is corrected first, and then the deformation of the wall panel is corrected.

[0014] S3. Before the three-dimensional segmented structure is separated from the molded body, the upper opening (which becomes the lower opening after the structure is flipped) is straightened. Before correcting the internal structure, the deformation of the deck and bottom plate is corrected. When correcting the deformation of the outer plate, the heating area and the number of heating cycles are reduced in the part below the full load waterline. When hammering during the correction process, a wooden mallet is used, and the hammering speed is reduced as the temperature decreases. The hammering position is moved from the outer edge of the heating zone to the center of the heating zone.

[0015] During hot and cold processing, the distance between the nozzle of the flame gun and the surface of the workpiece is between 10 and 15 mm; the moving speed of the flame gun is 1500 / min to 2500 mm / min.

[0016] During hot and cold processing, the same trajectory of the workpiece is allowed to be heated once.

[0017] During hot and cold processing, the workpiece is heated from both ends along the length direction to the middle position along the heating trajectory line.

[0018] Based on the required curvature of the workpiece, after the workpiece is heated once, the conformity of the line shape is checked with a template; any uneven areas of the workpiece are leveled with a wooden mallet, and then a second heating is performed, the trajectory line of the second heating does not coincide with the trajectory line of the first heating.

[0019] During water-fire straightening, the area to be processed is heated by the high temperature of the flame gun while being cooled by a cooling medium.

[0020] During water and fire straightening, for aluminum alloy workpieces >15mm, the heating temperature of linear parts should be ≤175℃ and the heating temperature of round parts should be ≤250℃; for aluminum alloy workpieces 8~15mm, the heating temperature of linear parts should be ≤175℃ and the heating temperature of round parts should be controlled below 225℃.

[0021] During water and fire straightening, the shapes of heating points include: strip heating, dot heating, and triangular heating; linear heating: suitable for plate frame structures, directly heating the two sides of the back of the frame, with a heating line width b=10~20mm; dot heating: gradually moving from areas with smaller deformation to areas with larger deformation; the areas with larger deformation undergo a first heating and a second heating, with the second heating performed after the first heating area has cooled down, and heating cannot be repeated on the same trajectory line; the heating diameter of dot heating d=4t+10mm and not greater than Ф50, and the minimum distance between the origins of dot heating is 100~200mm; triangular heating: suitable for straightening the bending deformation of T-shaped components, used for the straightening of segmented free edges; the heating area is applied to the side of the bending protrusion, proceeding from both ends towards the middle, with the starting point of triangular heating starting from the apex.

[0022] After hot and cold processing, the acceptance tolerance of the processed workpiece is:

[0023] Circular body: diameter d, deviation: And the maximum deviation is ±5.0mm;

[0024] centerline straightness ;

[0025] For a single-bend plate, the straightness of the inspection line using a triangular template should have a deviation of ≤2.5mm; the gap between the curved surface and the template should also have a deviation of ≤2.5mm.

[0026] For double-bending plates, the straightness of the triangular template inspection line should have a deviation of ≤2.5mm; the gap between the rib direction and the template should have a deviation of ≤3.0mm; the gap between the length direction and the template should have a deviation of ≤3.0mm; and the edge wrinkling of the plate within each rib spacing should have a deviation of ≤2.0mm.

[0027] During hot and cold processing, the bending deviation and angle deviation A of the profile are: ± h, the maximum deviation is ±3.0mm; local bending deviation, ±1.0mm, bending deviation, ±1.0mm.

[0028] The working principle and beneficial effects of the technical solution adopted in this invention are as follows:

[0029] The present invention describes a method for cold and hot working and water and fire straightening of aluminum alloy workpieces for ships. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The following is a brief explanation of the contents depicted in the accompanying drawings and the markings therein:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the deviation structure of the cylindrical aluminum alloy workpiece for shipbuilding as described in this invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the deviation structure of the cylindrical aluminum alloy workpiece for shipbuilding as described in this invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bending deviation structure of the forming profile for ship aluminum alloy workpieces according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bending deviation structure of the forming profile for ship aluminum alloy workpieces according to the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0035] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, provides a more detailed explanation of the specific embodiments of the present invention, including the shape and structure of each component, the relative positions and connections between the parts, the functions and working principles of each part:

[0036] As attached Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 4 As shown, this invention provides a method for cold and hot working and water-fire straightening of aluminum alloy workpieces for ships. The method is characterized by including cold and hot working steps and water-fire straightening steps for the aluminum alloy workpieces. The processing steps of the cold and hot working method for ship aluminum alloy workpieces are as follows:

[0037] S1. Cold working of aluminum alloy workpieces: The sheet metal is bent on a roller bending machine. If the sheet metal thickness is >10mm and the bending radius is >50mm, it is directly cold-worked. If the sheet metal thickness is ≤10mm and the bending radius is ≤50mm, it is preheated to 150℃~200℃ before processing. S2. Hot working of aluminum alloy workpieces: The flame gun nozzle is brought close to the sheet metal. The area to be processed is heated by the high temperature of the flame gun while being cooled by a cooling medium. The flame gun heating temperature is between 160℃~200℃, and the cooling medium temperature is between 30℃~60℃. S3. During heating and cooling, the distance between the flame gun and the cooling medium is 30mm~50mm. S4. The aluminum alloy workpiece is formed after cold and hot working. The above steps are for the process of processing aluminum alloy raw materials into marine aluminum alloy workpieces. By improving and controlling the processing technology, the processing accuracy is improved and the quality requirements are met.

[0038] The steps of the hot and cold water straightening method for ship aluminum alloy workpieces are as follows:

[0039] S1. Weld the cold- and hot-worked aluminum alloy workpieces onto the ship; S2. The straightening operation is carried out symmetrically along the centerline and cross-sectional axis of the component; in the height direction, it proceeds from bottom to top; when straightening two adjacent structures with different rigidities, straighten the structure with greater rigidity first, i.e., straighten the structure with larger thickness or component cross-section first; when straightening the plate frame structure, straighten the skeleton deformation first, then straighten the wall panel deformation; S3. Before the three-dimensional segment of the overturned construction is separated from the mold, straighten the upper opening (the lower opening after overturning) first; before straightening the internal structure, straighten the deformation of the deck and bottom plate first; when straightening the outer plate deformation, reduce the heating area and heating times for the part below the full load waterline; during the straightening process, use a wooden mallet, and slow down the hammering speed as the temperature decreases, moving the hammering position from the outer edge of the heating zone to the center of the heating zone. The above steps are for the process link after welding the ship's aluminum alloy workpieces to the corresponding parts of the ship. By improving and controlling the straightening process, the welding accuracy of the aluminum alloy workpieces is improved, meeting the requirements of the overall quality of the ship. The cold and hot working and water and fire straightening method for ship aluminum alloy workpieces described in this invention improves the processing quality of ship aluminum alloy workpieces and the straightening quality after ship welding by controlling the processing of ship aluminum alloy raw materials and the post-weld process of ship aluminum alloy workpieces, thereby improving the overall quality of the ship.

[0040] Before cold working of the aluminum alloy workpiece: to prevent cracks at the ends of the sheet metal during rolling, burrs and debris at the ends of the sheet metal are removed before bending. Before bending the sheet metal on the roll bending machine, check the integrity of the processing equipment, and ensure that the joint transition is smooth.

[0041] During hot and cold processing, the workpiece to be processed should be placed on a fireworking platform, with sleepers placed beneath it and appropriate pressure irons in the middle of the plate. During hot and cold processing, the distance between the nozzle of the flame gun and the surface of the plate to be processed is between 10 and 15 mm; the moving speed of the flame gun is 1500 / min to 2500 mm / min. During hot and cold processing, the same track of the plate to be processed is allowed to be heated once. During hot and cold processing, along the heating track line, heat is applied from both ends of the length direction of the plate to be processed towards the middle position in the length direction.

[0042] According to the required curvature of the plate to be processed, after the plate to be processed is completed with one heating, use a template to check the conformity of the line type; use a wooden mallet to level the unevenness of the plate to be processed, and then perform a second heating. The track line of the second heating does not coincide with the first track line.

[0043] During水火矫正时,一边通过火焰枪的高温对待加工部位进行加热,一边通过冷却介质对待加工部位进行冷却。水火矫正时,对于>15mm的铝合金工件板件,线状部位的加热温度≤175℃,圆点部位的加热温度≤250℃ ;对于8 ~15mm的铝合金工件板件,线状部位的加热温度≤175℃,圆点加热温度控制在225℃以下。水火矫正时,加热点形状包括:条形加热、圆点加热、三角形加热;线状加热:适用于板架结构,直接加热于骨架背面两侧,加热线宽b=10~20mm;圆点加热:由变形较小的区域逐渐向变形较大区域移动;变形较大的区域进行第一次加热和第二次加热,变形较大的区域第二次加热待第一次加热区域冷却后进行,在同一轨迹线上不能重复加热;圆点加热的加热直径d=4t+10mm且不大于Ф50,圆点加热的原点之间的最小距离为100~200mm;三角形加热:适用于矫正T型构件的弯曲变形,用于分段自由边缘的矫正;加热区域施于弯曲凸起的一面,由两端向中间进行,三角形加热的起点从顶点开始。水火矫正后的结构,表面光滑平顺,敲击处不得留有凹凸不平或残留的局部不平以及明显的槌印。When performing水火 correction, while heating the area to be processed with the high temperature of the flame gun, cool the area to be processed with a cooling medium at the same time. When performing水火 correction, for aluminum alloy workpiece plates > 15 mm, the heating temperature of the linear part ≤ 175 °C, and the heating temperature of the circular point part ≤ 250 °C; for aluminum alloy workpiece plates of 8 - 15 mm, the heating temperature of the linear part ≤ 175 °C, and the circular point heating temperature is controlled below 225 °C. When performing水火矫正时,加热点形状包括:条形加热、圆点加热、三角形加热;线状加热:适用于板架结构,直接加热于骨架背面两侧,加热线宽b=10~20mm;圆点加热:由变形较小的区域逐渐向变形较大区域移动;变形较大的区域进行第一次加热和第二次加热,变形较大的区域第二次加热待第一次加热区域冷却后进行,在同一轨迹线上不能重复加热;圆点加热的加热直径d=4t+10mm且不大于Ф50,圆点加热的原点之间的最小距离为100~200mm;三角形加热:适用于矫正T型构件的弯曲变形,用于分段自由边缘的矫正;加热区域施于弯曲凸起的一面,由两端向中间进行,三角形加热的起点从顶点开始。水火矫正后的结构,表面光滑平顺,敲击处不得留有凹凸不平或残留的局部不平以及明显的槌印。When performing水火 correction, the heating point shapes include: strip heating, circular point heating, and triangular heating; linear heating: applicable to the plate frame structure, directly heating both sides of the back of the skeleton, the heating line width b = 10 - 20 mm; circular point heating: gradually move from the area with smaller deformation to the area with larger deformation; perform the first heating and the second heating on the area with larger deformation. The second heating of the area with larger deformation is carried out after the first heating area cools down, and repeated heating is not allowed on the same track line; the heating diameter d of circular point heating = 4t + 10 mm and does not exceed Ф50, and the minimum distance between the origin points of circular point heating is 100 - 200 mm; triangular heating: applicable to correcting the bending deformation of T-shaped components and used for correcting the segmented free edge; the heating area is applied to the convex side of the bend, starting from both ends towards the middle, and the starting point of triangular heating starts from the vertex. After水火矫正时,一边通过火焰枪的高温对待加工部位进行加热,一边通过冷却介质对待加工部位进行冷却。水火矫正时,对于>15mm的铝合金工件板件,线状部位的加热温度≤175℃,圆点部位的加热温度≤250℃ ;对于8 ~15mm的铝合金工件板件,线状部位的加热温度≤175℃,圆点加热温度控制在225℃以下。水火矫正时,加热点形状包括:条形加热、圆点加热、三角形加热;线状加热:适用于板架结构,直接加热于骨架背面两侧,加热线宽b=10~20mm;圆点加热:由变形较小的区域逐渐向变形较大区域移动;变形较大的区域进行第一次加热和第二次加热,变形较大的区域第二次加热待第一次加热区域冷却后进行,在同一轨迹线上不能重复加热;圆点加热的加热直径d=4t+10mm且不大于Ф50,圆点加热的原点之间的最小距离为100~200mm;三角形加热:适用于矫正T型构件的弯曲变形,用于分段自由边缘的矫正;加热区域施于弯曲凸起的一面,由两端向中间进行,三角形加热的起点从顶点开始。水火矫正后的结构,表面光滑平顺,敲击处不得留有凹凸不平或残留的局部不平以及明显的槌印。performing水火矫正时,一边通过火焰枪的高温对待加工部位进行加热,一边通过冷却介质对待加工部位进行冷却。水火矫正时,对于>15mm的铝合金工件板件,线状部位的加热温度≤175℃,圆点部位的加热温度≤250℃ ;对于8 ~15mm的铝合金工件板件,线状部位的加热温度≤175℃,圆点加热温度控制在225℃以下。水火矫正时,加热点形状包括:条形加热、圆点加热、三角形加热;线状加热:适用于板架结构,直接加热于骨架背面两侧,加热线宽b=10~20mm;圆点加热:由变形较小的区域逐渐向变形较大区域移动;变形较大的区域进行第一次加热和第二次加热,变形较大的区域第二次加热待第一次加热区域冷却后进行,在同一轨迹线上不能重复加热;圆点加热的加热直径d=4t+10mm且不大于Ф50,圆点加热的原点之间的最小距离为100~200mm;三角形加热:适用于矫正T型构件的弯曲变形,用于分段自由边缘的矫正;加热区域施于弯曲凸起的一面,由两端向中间进行,三角形加热的起点从顶点开始。水火矫正后的结构,表面光滑平顺,敲击处不得留有凹凸不平或残留的局部不平以及明显的槌印。水火矫正, the structure is smooth on the surface, and there should be no unevenness, residual local unevenness, or obvious mallet marks left at the knocked places.

[0044] After hot and cold processing, the acceptance tolerance of the workpiece to be processed is:

[0045] For a circular body: with a diameter of d, the deviation is: ± d, and the maximum deviation is ±5.0 mm;

[0046] The straightness of the center line ≤ ι;

[0047] Please write: The meaning of ι is: the length of the processed plate (see Figure 2 ι in it).

[0048] For a single-bend plate, the straightness of the inspection line using a triangular template should have a deviation of ≤2.5mm; the gap between the curved surface and the template should also have a deviation of ≤2.5mm.

[0049] For double-bending plates, the straightness of the triangular template inspection line should have a deviation of ≤2.5mm; the gap between the rib direction and the template should have a deviation of ≤3.0mm; the gap between the length direction and the template should have a deviation of ≤3.0mm; and the edge wrinkling of the plate within each rib spacing should have a deviation of ≤2.0mm.

[0050] During hot and cold processing, the bending deviation and angle deviation A of the profile are: ± h, the maximum deviation is ±3.0mm; local bending deviation, ±1.0mm, bending deviation, ±1.0mm.

[0051] Figure 2 In the figure, δ represents the deviation distance of the center line, and ι is the length of the processing plate.

[0052] The present invention has been described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-described manner. Any improvements made by adopting the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention to other occasions without modification, are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing aluminum alloy workpieces for ships, characterized in that: This includes cold and hot working steps for aluminum alloy workpieces and water-fire straightening steps. The cold and hot working steps are as follows: S1. Cold working of aluminum alloy workpieces: The workpiece is bent on a roller bending machine. If the thickness of the workpiece is >10mm and the bending radius is >50mm, it is directly cold-worked. If the thickness of the workpiece is ≤10mm and the bending radius is ≤50mm, it is preheated to 150℃~200℃ before processing. S2. Hot working of aluminum alloy workpieces: The flame gun nozzle is close to the workpiece. The workpiece is heated by the high temperature of the flame gun while being cooled by the cooling medium. The flame gun heating temperature is between 160℃ and 200℃, and the cooling medium temperature is between 30℃ and 60℃. S3. When heating and cooling, the distance between the flame gun and the cooling medium should be 30mm to 50mm; S4. Formed aluminum alloy workpieces after cold and hot working; The water and fire correction steps are as follows: S1. Welding cold and hot-worked aluminum alloy workpieces onto the ship; S2. The correction operation is carried out symmetrically with respect to the centerline plane and the axis of the cross section of the component; in the height direction, it is carried out from bottom to top; when correcting two adjacent structures with different rigidities, the structure with greater rigidity is corrected first, that is, the structure with larger thickness or component cross section is corrected first; when correcting a plate frame structure, the deformation of the skeleton is corrected first, and then the deformation of the wall panel is corrected. S3. Before the three-dimensional segmented structure is separated from the mold, the top edge is straightened; before correcting the internal structure, the deformation of the deck and bottom plate is corrected; when correcting the deformation of the outer plate, the heating area and the number of heating times are reduced in the part below the full load waterline; when hammering during the correction process, a wooden mallet is used, and the hammering speed is reduced as the temperature decreases, and the hammering position is moved from the outer edge of the heating zone to the center of the heating zone. During hot and cold processing, the distance between the nozzle of the flame gun and the surface of the workpiece is between 10 and 15 mm; the moving speed of the flame gun is 1500 mm / min to 2500 mm / min. During water and fire straightening, for aluminum alloy workpieces >15mm, the heating temperature of the linear parts should be ≤175℃ and the heating temperature of the round parts should be ≤250℃; for aluminum alloy workpieces 8~15mm, the heating temperature of the linear parts should be ≤175℃ and the heating temperature of the round parts should be controlled below 225℃. After hot and cold processing, the acceptance tolerance of the processed workpiece is: Circular body: diameter d, deviation: ; centerline straightness ; The meaning of ι is: the length of the processing plate; For a single-bend plate, the straightness of the inspection line using a triangular template should have a deviation of ≤2.5mm; the gap between the curved surface and the template should also have a deviation of ≤2.5mm. For double-bending plates, the straightness of the triangular template inspection line should be ≤2.5mm, the gap between the rib direction and the template should be ≤3.0mm, the gap between the length direction and the template should be ≤3.0mm, and the edge wrinkling of the plate within each rib spacing should be ≤2.0mm.

2. The processing method for ship aluminum alloy workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: During hot and cold processing, the same trajectory of the workpiece is only allowed to be heated once.

3. The processing method for ship aluminum alloy workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that: During hot and cold processing, the workpiece is heated from both ends along the length direction to the middle position along the heating trajectory line.

4. The processing method for ship aluminum alloy workpieces according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Based on the required curvature of the workpiece, after the workpiece is heated once, the conformity of the line shape is checked with a template; any uneven areas of the workpiece are leveled with a wooden mallet, and then a second heating is performed, the trajectory line of the second heating does not coincide with the trajectory line of the first heating.

5. The processing method for ship aluminum alloy workpieces according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: During water and fire straightening, the shapes of the heating points include: strip heating, dot heating, and triangular heating; linear heating: suitable for plate frame structures, directly heating the two sides of the back of the frame, with a heating line width b=10~20mm; dot heating: gradually moving from the area with smaller deformation to the area with larger deformation; the area with larger deformation is heated for the first time and then heated a second time, and the second heating of the area with larger deformation is carried out after the area heated for the first time has cooled down, and heating cannot be repeated on the same trajectory line; triangular heating: suitable for straightening the bending deformation of T-shaped components, used for the straightening of segmented free edges; the heating area is applied to the side of the bending protrusion, from both ends to the middle, and the starting point of triangular heating is from the vertex.

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