Surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for ecological environment monitoring

Abstract

The surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a placing table, first connecting blocks are arranged on the front side wall and the rear side wall of the placing table, supporting structures are arranged at the two ends of each first connecting block, fixing structures are arranged in the two ends of each first connecting block, and two sets of second connecting blocks are fixedly installed on the outer walls of the two sides of the placing table. By designing a supporting structure and a fixing structure, when the supporting leg is assembled, a pull ring is pulled, an inserting rod is driven to move, and a second spring is extruded, so that a third connecting block can be inserted into a connecting groove formed in a first connecting block, then external force on the pull ring is released, and the inserting rod bears the elastic force of the second spring; and the sliding rods are inserted into inserting holes formed in the third connecting blocks so that the supporting legs and the first connecting blocks can be conveniently assembled, when the unmanned aerial vehicle falls, the sliding rods can slide upwards in the supporting legs, the falling impact force of the unmanned aerial vehicle is converted into pressure for compressing the first springs, and therefore damage to the unmanned aerial vehicle and the supporting legs caused by the impact force is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle equipment, and in particular to a surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for ecological environment monitoring. Background Art

[0002] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are unmanned aircraft that are controlled by radio remote control equipment and self-contained program control devices, or are fully or intermittently autonomously operated by onboard computers. UAVs are widely used in aerial photography, agriculture, plant protection, micro selfies, express delivery, disaster relief, wildlife observation, infectious disease monitoring, news reporting, power inspections, disaster relief, film and television shooting, surveying and mapping, and other fields.

[0003] In the prior art, a spectral camera is mounted on a drone to achieve mapping functions. When a mapping drone is currently in use, due to the rigid connection between the legs and the fuselage, a large impact will be caused during landing, which can easily damage the legs and the fuselage. In addition, the legs and the fuselage cannot be disassembled, the drone is large in size, and is inconvenient to transport.

[0004] Therefore, in response to the above problems, we propose a surveying and mapping drone for ecological environment monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a surveying and mapping UAV for ecological environment monitoring to solve the problems raised by the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a surveying and mapping UAV for ecological environment monitoring, comprising a placement platform, wherein the front and rear side walls of the placement platform are provided with a first connecting block, support structures are provided at both ends of the first connecting block, and fixed structures are provided inside the two ends of the first connecting block, two groups of second connecting blocks are fixedly installed on the outer walls of both sides of the placement platform, a connecting rod is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the second connecting block, and a UAV main body frame is provided at one end of the connecting rod away from the second connecting block.

[0007] As a further description of the present invention: the fixed structure includes an insertion rod slidably connected to the first connecting block, and a sliding ring and a fixed ring are provided on the insertion rod, wherein the sliding ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting block and connected to the insertion rod, and the fixed ring is slidably connected to the first connecting block and fixedly connected to the insertion rod, and a second spring is fixedly installed between the sliding ring and the fixed ring.

[0008] As a further description of the present invention: a connection plate is fixedly installed at one end of the insertion rod, and a semicircular pull ring is fixedly installed on the side wall of the connection plate away from the insertion rod.

[0009] As a further description of the present invention: the supporting structure includes a leg, which is designed to be inclined, and a third connecting block is fixedly installed on one end of the leg close to the first connecting block. The first connecting block has connecting grooves on both sides for the third connecting block to be inserted, and the third connecting block has a socket for the insertion of the rod.

[0010] As a further description of the present invention: a sliding rod is slidably connected to the inside of one end of the leg away from the third connecting block, a supporting foot is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sliding rod, a first spring is sleeved on the sliding rod, and the two ends of the first spring are respectively fixedly connected to the supporting leg and the supporting foot, and a limiting ring is fixedly installed on the top of the sliding rod.

[0011] As a further description of the present invention: two sets of arms are symmetrically distributed on the outer wall of the main frame of the drone, propellers are arranged on the arms, batteries are fixedly installed on the upper surface of the placement table, and a multi-spectral camera is fixedly installed on the bottom of the placement table.

[0012] As a further description of the present invention: a first threaded hole is opened inside the first connecting block, and the first connecting block is fixedly connected to the placement platform through the first threaded hole. Second threaded holes are opened at the four corners of the drone main body frame, and the drone main body frame is fixedly connected to the connecting rod through the second threaded holes.

[0013] As a further description of the present invention: the multispectral camera, integrated into the main body of the drone, can capture data in the visible, near infrared and thermal infrared bands, specifically including: visible light bands between 400nm and 700nm, near infrared bands between 700nm and 1400nm, and thermal infrared bands between 8μm and 14μm, for monitoring ecological factors such as vegetation health, soil moisture, and water body changes;

[0014] Based on the reflectivity index, the normalized difference vegetation index NDVI formula is used to analyze the vegetation status, where the calculation formula of NDVI is:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, NIR is the reflectivity of the near-infrared band, and RED is the reflectivity of the visible red band.

[0017] As a further description of the present invention: the unmanned drone body also integrates an air quality monitoring system, which includes multiple sensors for detecting the concentration of PM2.5, PM10, carbon dioxide CO2, nitrogen oxides NO2, and sulfur dioxide SO2 pollutants. The calculation formula for the pollutant concentration is as follows: For the calculation of particulate matter concentration:

[0018]

[0019] Where C is the pollutant concentration, V is the volume of the particulate matter, and A is the area of ​​the monitoring area. For the calculation of gaseous pollutant concentration, the concentration is directly output by the sensor in ppm.

[0020] As a further description of the present invention: the drone is equipped with a GPS and environmental data recording system for recording the geographic coordinates and environmental parameters of each sampling point, and calculating the temperature change rate by the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, T final and T initial are the temperatures before and after measurement, and Δt is the time interval.

[0023] As a further description of the present invention: the drone is equipped with an automatic data uploading system, which uploads the real-time collected environmental data to the cloud platform, and uses the TCP / IP protocol for data transmission. The data transmission rate calculation formula is:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, R is the data transmission rate, D is the amount of data transmitted, and T is the transmission time.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The present invention designs a supporting structure and a fixing structure on a surveying and mapping UAV used for ecological environment monitoring. When assembling the legs, the pull ring is pulled to drive the insertion rod to move and squeeze the second spring so that the third connecting block can be inserted into the connecting groove opened in the first connecting block. Then, the external force on the pull ring is released, and the insertion rod is inserted inwardly into the socket opened in the third connecting block under the elastic force of the second spring to facilitate the assembly between the legs and the first connecting block. When the UAV falls, the sliding rod slides upward inside the legs and converts the impact force of the UAV falling into the pressure of compressing the first spring to reduce the damage to the UAV and the legs caused by the impact force.

[0028] By integrating a multispectral camera, an air quality monitoring system, a GPS and environmental data recording system, and an automatic data upload function, the present invention achieves efficient and accurate ecological environment monitoring. It can collect multiple key environmental parameters such as vegetation, soil, and air quality in real time, reduce manual intervention, and improve monitoring efficiency. The real-time uploaded data can provide researchers with timely information on environmental changes, support scientific decision-making, and contribute to ecological protection and sustainable development. This technical solution not only improves monitoring accuracy, but also promotes the application and innovation of drone technology in environmental monitoring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the support structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the fixing structure of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 1. placement table; 2. first connecting block; 3. supporting structure; 301. outrigger; 302. third connecting block; 303. sliding rod; 304. foot; 305. first spring; 306. limiting ring; 4. fixing structure; 401. plug rod; 402. sliding collar; 403. fixing collar; 404. second spring; 405. connecting plate; 406. pulling ring; 5. second connecting block; 6. connecting rod; 7. drone main frame; 8. machine arm; 9. propeller; 10. battery; 11. first threaded hole; 12. second threaded hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 The present invention provides a technical solution: a surveying and mapping UAV for ecological environment monitoring, comprising a placing platform 1, a first connecting block 2 is arranged on the front and rear side walls of the placing platform 1, a supporting structure 3 is arranged at both ends of the first connecting block 2, a fixing structure 4 is arranged inside the two ends of the first connecting block 2, two groups of second connecting blocks 5 are fixedly installed on the outer walls of both sides of the placing platform 1, a connecting rod 6 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the second connecting block 5, and a UAV main body frame 7 is arranged at one end of the connecting rod 6 away from the second connecting block 5.

[0035] In this embodiment: the fixed structure 4 includes an insertion rod 401 slidably connected to the first connecting block 2, and a sliding ring 402 and a fixed ring 403 are provided on the insertion rod 401, wherein the sliding ring 402 is fixedly connected to the first connecting block 2 and connected to the insertion rod 401, and the fixed ring 403 is slidably connected to the first connecting block 2 and fixedly connected to the insertion rod 401, and a second spring 404 is fixedly installed between the sliding ring 402 and the fixed ring 403.

[0036] Specific use: When assembling the support leg 301, pull the pull ring 406 to drive the insertion rod 401 to move and squeeze the second spring 404 so that the third connecting block 302 can be inserted into the connecting groove opened inside the first connecting block 2. Then release the external force on the pull ring 406, and the insertion rod 401 is inserted inwardly into the socket opened inside the third connecting block 302 under the elastic force of the second spring 404 to facilitate the assembly between the support leg 301 and the first connecting block 2.

[0037] In this embodiment: a connection disk 405 is fixedly installed at one end of the insertion rod 401 , and a semicircular pull ring 406 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the connection disk 405 away from the insertion rod 401 .

[0038] During specific use: the pull ring 406 is convenient for applying external force to move the insertion rod 401, and the connecting plate 405 is used to connect the pull ring 406 and the insertion rod 401.

[0039] In this embodiment: the supporting structure 3 includes a leg 301, which is designed to be inclined, and a third connecting block 302 is fixedly installed on one end of the leg 301 close to the first connecting block 2. The first connecting block 2 has connecting grooves on both sides for the third connecting block 302 to be inserted, and the third connecting block 302 has a socket for the insertion of the plug rod 401.

[0040] During specific use: the supporting leg 301 can support and fix the drone body, and the third connecting block 302 is used for assembling the supporting leg 301 and the first connecting block 2.

[0041] In this embodiment: a sliding rod 303 is slidably connected inside one end of the leg 301 away from the third connecting block 302, a supporting foot 304 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sliding rod 303, a first spring 305 is sleeved on the sliding rod 303, and the two ends of the first spring 305 are respectively fixedly connected to the supporting leg 301 and the supporting foot 304, and a limiting ring 306 is fixedly installed on the top of the sliding rod 303.

[0042] During specific use: when the drone falls, the slide bar 303 will slide upward inside the leg 301 and convert the impact force of the drone falling into the pressure of compressing the first spring 305 to reduce the damage of the drone and the leg 301 caused by the impact force.

[0043] In this embodiment, two sets of arms 8 are symmetrically distributed on the outer wall of the main frame 7 of the drone, propellers 9 are arranged on the arms 8, a battery 10 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the placement platform 1, and a multi-spectral camera is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the placement platform 1.

[0044] When used specifically: the battery 10 can provide a power source for the drone to take off and the spectral camera to shoot.

[0045] In this embodiment: a first threaded hole 11 is opened inside the first connecting block 2, and the first connecting block 2 is fixedly connected to the placement platform 1 through the first threaded hole 11; second threaded holes 12 are opened at the four corners of the drone main frame 7, and the drone main frame 7 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 6 through the second threaded holes 12.

[0046] During specific use: the first threaded hole 11 facilitates the installation and disassembly between the first connecting block 2 and the placing platform 1, while the second threaded hole 12 facilitates the installation and disassembly between the drone main frame 7 and the connecting rod 6, which is easy to carry.

[0047] Working principle: When assembling the support leg 301, pull the pull ring 406 to drive the insertion rod 401 to move and squeeze the second spring 404 so that the third connecting block 302 can be inserted into the connecting groove opened inside the first connecting block 2. Then release the external force on the pull ring 406, and the insertion rod 401 is inserted into the socket opened inside the third connecting block 302 under the elastic force of the second spring 404 to facilitate the assembly between the support leg 301 and the first connecting block 2. When the drone falls, the sliding rod 303 will slide upward inside the support leg 301 and convert the impact force of the drone's fall into pressure to compress the first spring 305 to reduce the damage to the drone and the support leg 301 caused by the impact force.

[0048] In this embodiment, the drone is used for ecological environment monitoring, and can collect and upload environmental data efficiently and accurately. The drone is equipped with a multi-spectral camera, an air quality sensor, a GPS and an environmental data recording system, and has an automatic data uploading function.

[0049] Multispectral camera: The drone is equipped with a multispectral camera that integrates sensors in the visible light, near infrared and thermal infrared bands. During the flight of the drone, the image data of these bands are used to monitor the vegetation, soil moisture and water changes on the surface in real time.

[0050] During the flight, the data obtained by the drone will be processed through the NDVI formula to obtain a real-time vegetation health index. For example, when flying over a farmland, the camera will capture the reflectivity data of the crops and use the NDVI formula to calculate the health of the vegetation to help monitor whether the vegetation is in drought or other unfavorable conditions. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0051]

[0052] Among them, NIR stands for near infrared band reflectance, and RED stands for red band reflectance. Through this index, the growth and health of crops can be quickly judged.

[0053] Air quality monitoring: The drone is also equipped with a variety of air quality sensors, including PM2.5, PM10, CO2, NO2, SO2, etc. During the flight, the drone collects real-time data on pollutants in the air and converts it into concentration values.

[0054] Taking PM2.5 concentration as an example, the ratio of the PM2.5 volume collected by the air quality sensor to the area of ​​the monitoring area will calculate the pollutant concentration. The specific formula is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, C is the PM2.5 concentration, V is the volume of PM2.5 particles, and A is the area of ​​the monitoring area. These data can be used to evaluate the air quality in the flight area.

[0057] GPS and environmental data recording: The GPS system of the drone can record the geographical location (latitude and longitude) and altitude of each sampling point in real time, and record the temperature, humidity, air pressure and other parameters of the flight area through environmental sensors. These data can help users fully understand the changes in the ecological environment.

[0058] For example, when a drone records the temperature change at a certain point, the temperature change rate is calculated using the following formula:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, T final is the temperature at the end of the measurement, T initial is the temperature at the beginning of the measurement, and Δt is the measurement time interval. This data will help analyze the impact of temperature fluctuations on the local ecological environment.

[0061] Automatic data upload: The drone can upload the collected data to the cloud platform in real time through the built-in wireless communication module to ensure timely data update and remote analysis. Each collected data (such as NDVI value, PM2.5 concentration, temperature change, etc.) will be uploaded to the cloud platform via TCP / IP protocol, and the data transmission rate will be calculated according to the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] Where R is the data transmission rate, D is the amount of data transmitted, and T is the transmission time. The uploaded data will be available for ecological monitoring researchers to view in real time for analysis and decision-making.

[0064] Monitoring data analysis and decision-making: The collected environmental data will be stored on the cloud platform and processed through advanced data analysis algorithms. For example, by analyzing NDVI data, researchers can determine the health status of crops; by analyzing PM2.5 concentration data, they can assess the air quality of a region and make corresponding environmental protection measures.

[0065] In addition, by combining environmental data such as temperature and humidity, researchers can make predictions about the changing trends of the ecological environment. For example, in hot seasons, some vegetation may be in a state of insufficient water, and changes in air quality at this time may also affect the growth of vegetation.

[0066] Working principle:

[0067] The drone collects data on the flight area through multispectral cameras and air quality monitoring sensors.

[0068] During the flight, the GPS system records the drone's location and related environmental parameters in real time.

[0069] The collected data is calculated in real time using preset formulas to generate key indicators such as NDVI values, PM2.5 concentrations, and temperature change rates.

[0070] The data is uploaded to the cloud platform in real time, and researchers obtain the data through the cloud platform and conduct further analysis to generate an ecological and environmental report.

[0071] Based on real-time analysis results, relevant departments can respond quickly and take protection or improvement measures to ensure the sustainable development of the ecological environment.

[0072] Through the design of this embodiment, the drone can not only perform surveying and mapping tasks, but also serve as an efficient ecological environment monitoring tool, providing important environmental data and assisting environmental protection and ecological research.

[0073] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surveying and mapping drone for ecological environment monitoring, comprising a placement platform (1), characterized in that: The front and rear side walls of the placement platform (1) are provided with first connection blocks (2), both ends of the first connection block (2) are provided with support structures (3), both ends of the first connection block (2) are provided with fixed structures (4), two groups of second connection blocks (5) are fixedly installed on the outer walls of both sides of the placement platform (1), a connection rod (6) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the second connection block (5), and a drone main body frame (7) is provided at one end of the connection rod (6) away from the second connection block (5).

2. The surveying and mapping drone for ecological environment monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed structure (4) comprises an insertion rod (401) slidably connected to the first connection block (2), and a sliding ring (402) and a fixing ring (403) are provided on the insertion rod (401), wherein the sliding ring (402) is fixedly connected to the first connection block (2) and connected to the insertion rod (401), while the fixing ring (403) is slidably connected to the first connection block (2) and fixedly connected to the insertion rod (401), and a second spring (404) is fixedly installed between the sliding ring (402) and the fixing ring (403).

3. The surveying and mapping drone for ecological environment monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: A connection plate (405) is fixedly mounted on one end of the insertion rod (401), and a semicircular pull ring (406) is fixedly mounted on a side wall of the connection plate (405) away from the insertion rod (401).

4. The surveying and mapping drone for ecological environment monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support structure (3) comprises a support leg (301) which is designed to be inclined. A third connection block (302) is fixedly mounted on one end of the support leg (301) close to the first connection block (2). The first connection block (2) has connection grooves on both sides for the third connection block (302) to be inserted into, and the third connection block (302) has a socket inside for the insertion of the insertion rod (401).

5. The surveying and mapping drone for ecological environment monitoring according to claim 4, characterized in that: A sliding rod (303) is slidably connected to the inner side of one end of the supporting leg (301) away from the third connecting block (302); a supporting foot (304) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sliding rod (303); a first spring (305) is sleeved on the sliding rod (303), and two ends of the first spring (305) are respectively fixedly connected to the supporting leg (301) and the supporting foot (304); a limiting ring (306) is fixedly installed on the top of the sliding rod (303).

6. The surveying and mapping UAV for ecological environment monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two groups of arms (8) are symmetrically distributed on the outer wall of the drone main frame (7), and propellers (9) are arranged on the arms (8). A battery (10) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the placement platform (1), and a multi-spectral camera is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the placement platform (1). A first threaded hole (11) is provided inside the first connection block (2), and the first connection block (2) is fixedly connected to the placement platform (1) through the first threaded hole (11). Second threaded holes (12) are provided at the four corners of the drone main frame (7), and the drone main frame (7) is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (6) through the second threaded holes (12).

7. The surveying and mapping UAV for ecological environment monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multispectral camera, integrated into the main body of the drone, can capture data in the visible, near-infrared and thermal infrared bands, specifically including: visible light bands from 400nm to 700nm, near-infrared bands from 700nm to 1400nm and thermal infrared bands from 8μm to 14μm, for monitoring ecological factors such as vegetation health, soil moisture, and water changes; Based on the reflectivity index, the normalized difference vegetation index NDVI formula is used to analyze the vegetation status, where the calculation formula of NDVI is: Among them, NIR is the reflectivity of the near-infrared band, and RED is the reflectivity of the visible red band.

8. The surveying and mapping UAV for ecological environment monitoring according to claim 7, characterized in that: The unmanned drone body also integrates an air quality monitoring system, which includes multiple sensors for detecting the concentration of PM2.5, PM10, carbon dioxide CO2, nitrogen oxides NO2, and sulfur dioxide SO2 pollutants. The calculation formula for the pollutant concentration is as follows: For the calculation of particulate matter concentration: Among them, C is the pollutant concentration, V is the volume of particulate matter, and A is the area of ​​the monitoring area. For the calculation of gaseous pollutant concentration, the concentration is directly output by the sensor in ppm.

9. The surveying and mapping drone for ecological environment monitoring according to claim 8, characterized in that: The drone is equipped with a GPS and environmental data recording system to record the geographic coordinates and environmental parameters of each sampling point and calculate the temperature change rate using the following formula: Among them, T final and T initial are the temperatures before and after measurement, and Δt is the time interval.

10. The surveying and mapping UAV for ecological environment monitoring according to claim 8, characterized in that: The drone is equipped with an automatic data uploading system to upload the real-time collected environmental data to the cloud platform, using the TCP / IP protocol for data transmission. The data transmission rate calculation formula is: Among them, R is the data transmission rate, D is the amount of data transmitted, and T is the transmission time.

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