Method and device for material in and out of a silo

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of silo technology. The material loading and unloading method includes a material loading method and a material unloading method. The material loading method includes: (1-1) designating the start and stop loading positions of the unloading vehicle within a single silo compartment; (1-2) raising the leveler; starting the leveler and loading the material; (1-3) during loading, the middle of the leveler first contacts the material, and the leveler first scrapes the material towards the non-discharge scraper side until the non-discharge scraper side of the leveler is covered by the material; the leveler reverses direction, scraping the material towards the discharge scraper side until the discharge scraper side of the leveler is covered by the material; (1-4) the leveler is raised upwards, and step (1-3) is repeated, the unloading vehicle immediately moves laterally forward, the leveler moves forward laterally, step (1-3) is repeated, and then step (1-4) is repeated. This invention also discloses an apparatus for implementing the above method. This invention addresses the technical problem of existing leveling machines being manually operated, where the feeding action is frequently interrupted, causing significant impact on the front-end feeding equipment and process flow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of silo technology, specifically relating to a method for material loading and unloading, and an apparatus for implementing the above method. Background Technology

[0002] The scraper body consists of a central truss structure, a head section, a tail section, a central support guide rail, and a scraper chain for scraping and conveying materials. A drive motor is installed at the head or tail, driving the scraper chain to move in a circular motion around the head and tail sprockets. The scraper is typically suspended by a crane hook. During operation, the scraper chain at the bottom of the scraper contacts the material and "scrapes" it away. As the material layer height decreases, the scraper, pulled by its overhead crane, slowly moves downwards, upwards, leftwards, or rightwards to a new working position and continues scraping and conveying materials.

[0003] A scraper is a device used for material loading and unloading in flat silos. When materials are loaded, the scraper can "scrape" the piled-up material to flatten it, thus significantly increasing the silo's filling coefficient and utilization rate. When materials are unloaded, the scraper is used to scrape the material to the discharge scraper on one side of the flat silo, improving discharge efficiency.

[0004] The leveling process of a scraper is currently generally operated manually or remotely. In manual operation, a person in the control loop observes the material accumulation and other factors to make appropriate equipment operation decisions, then controls the equipment's operation using a remote control. The general operating procedure is as follows:

[0005] 1. In manual operation, the material is first fed by the conveyor. At this time, the scraper is in the non-feeding position, as follows:

[0006] 2. After the feeding stage is temporarily completed, stop feeding, then move the leveler to the feeding position and start the leveling action, as follows:

[0007] 3. After leveling, determine whether the material level has reached the expected level. If more material needs to be fed, repeat the feeding and leveling steps in processes 1 and 2.

[0008] From the above process, it can be seen that the main disadvantages of manual operation include: 1. Lower overall work efficiency, which is not conducive to improving the turnover efficiency of the silo; 2. The feeding action is often interrupted, which has a greater impact on the front-end feeding equipment and process flow; 3. There is a lot of dust in the silo, which is not good for the health of operators; 4. The skill requirements for operators are high, and personnel training is difficult; 5. Operator negligence can easily lead to safety problems, or material loss or equipment damage due to mixing; 6. The main advantage of manual remote control operation is that the control logic is simpler. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The first objective of this invention is to provide a material loading and unloading method to solve the technical problems of existing leveling machines, which are operated manually, have low overall work efficiency, and are frequently interrupted during feeding, resulting in significant impact on the front-end feeding equipment and process flow.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a material loading and unloading method, which is realized by using a leveling machine and an unloading car, wherein the lateral movement of the leveling machine is realized by using a traveling crane; characterized in that the method includes a material loading method and a material unloading method.

[0011] The material receiving method includes:

[0012] When feeding, the unit distance the feeding and unloading vehicles move laterally is W. 横移进 ;

[0013] When feeding, the traverse distance of the crane is set to W per unit distance. 横移进 ;

[0014] Set the highest limit position G of the leveling machine 刮 Minimum limit position D 刮 Set the unit distance of the leveling machine's ascent or descent to H. 单距 The width of the leveling machine is L3;

[0015] Set the highest material level G in the silo 料；

[0016] (1-1) Specify the start and stop feeding positions of the unloading car within a single hopper compartment; first raise the leveler to the highest limit position G. 刮 Then, move the unloading trolley laterally to the starting feeding position, and move the leveler laterally to a distance L1 from the unloading trolley; then, lower the leveler to the position where there is material or the lower limit position D. 刮 This refers to the starting working position of the leveler. After ensuring that the leveler is in the correct position and that the material is correct, the feeding mechanism begins to feed the material.

[0017] (1-2) The leveling machine rises at least one unit distance H 单距 There is no material at the left, right, and middle ends of the scraper; the scraper is turned on and the feeding mechanism begins to feed material.

[0018] (1-3) When feeding, the middle part of the scraper contacts the material first, and the scraper scrapes the material towards the non-discharge scraper side until the non-discharge scraper side of the scraper is covered by the material; when the scraper reverses, the scraper scrapes the material towards the discharge scraper side until the discharge scraper side of the scraper is covered by the material.

[0019] (1-4) The leveling machine lifts upward by one unit distance H. 单距 Repeat steps (1-3) until the machine is automatically stopped or the scraper rises to the highest material level position G. 料The unloading vehicle moves laterally a unit distance W towards the stop feeding position. 横移进 During the movement, the feeding process continues, and the leveler is at the highest material level position G. 料 After scraping the material to the non-discharge scraper side and the discharge scraper side, the leveler moves laterally a unit distance W towards the stop feed position. 横移进 When the scraper moves laterally, the scraper is in the scraping-to-discharge scraper side open state and does not stop;

[0020] (1-5) After the scraper moves to the new working position, the scraper turns and scrapes the material to the non-discharge scraper side, and repeats step (1-3). Then repeat step (1-4) until the unloading car moves laterally to the stop feeding position or stops.

[0021] This invention improves overall work efficiency and can effectively increase the storage capacity and turnover efficiency of the silo. The feeding process of this invention is continuous, avoiding impact on the front-end feeding equipment.

[0022] To solve H 单距、 W 横移进 To address the technical issue of how to achieve this, the present invention adopts the following technical solution, wherein H... 单距 The diameter is 30-150mm; the W 横移进 It is L3.

[0023] To address the technical problem of how to implement a material release method, the present invention adopts the following technical solution, wherein the material release method includes:

[0024] Set the unit distance of lateral movement of the discharge crane to W. 横移出 :

[0025] (2-1) Specify the start and stop discharge positions of the scraper within a single hopper compartment, and raise the scraper to the highest limit position G. 刮 Then move it horizontally to the discharge position; turn on the scraper;

[0026] (2-2) The scraper begins to descend until there is material at the left, right, or middle end of the scraper, at which point the scraper stops descending; the scraper then scrapes the material towards the discharge port until there is no material at the left, right, or middle end of the scraper, at which point the scraper continues to descend one unit distance H. 单距 The descent stops, and the scraping process continues until the scraper reaches the lower limit position D. 刮 ;

[0027] (2-3) The scraper rises upward and then moves laterally W towards the discharge stop position. 横移出 Repeat step (2-2), keeping the leveling machine running during the descent;

[0028] (2-4) Repeat step (2-3) until the scraper reaches the lower limit position D of the final discharge position.刮 Furthermore, there is no material covering the two ends and the middle of the scraper, thus completing the bottom material cleaning.

[0029] To address the technical problem of how to remove materials prone to bridging from the warehouse, this invention adopts the following technical solution: For materials prone to bridging, the scraper is raised to the highest material level position G. 料 Then move horizontally by W 横移出 W 横移出 It is L3.

[0030] To address the technical problem of how to remove highly fluid materials from the warehouse, this invention adopts the following technical solution: for highly fluid materials, the leveling machine rises H... 单距 And maintain the height, the leveler moves laterally W 横移出 W 横移出 The width is half the width of the scraper. At this time, at least one of the left, right and middle ends of the scraper should be covered by material. The scraper continues to discharge material until there is no material at the left, right and middle ends of the scraper.

[0031] The scraper descends one unit distance to the bottom. If there are no signals when the scraper reaches the left, right, or middle of the scraper, it indicates that bottom material cleaning is complete. Repeat steps (2-3) until the scraper reaches the lower limit position D of the final discharge position. 刮 Or shut down.

[0032] To solve the technical problem of no material after the leveling machine is lifted, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: in steps (1-4): if the leveling machine is lifted upward by one unit distance H, and there is no material covering the left end, right end and middle of the leveling machine within time T1, the leveling machine issues a no-material alarm until there is a material signal again.

[0033] A second objective of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for implementing the material loading and unloading method described in any of the preceding claims, comprising a leveling machine, a traveling crane, a traveling crane track, and an unloading car and an unloading car track, characterized in that...

[0034] Limit switches are installed on both sides of the unloading vehicle track; the start and stop feeding positions are located at any position between the two limit switches.

[0035] An incremental encoder is installed on the shaft of the unloading vehicle to know the moving distance of the unloading vehicle relative to the corresponding material level base point.

[0036] A plurality of proximity switches are arranged along the length of the unloading vehicle track between the two limit switches as material level reference points; the proximity switches are used to correct the error of the incremental encoder.

[0037] Limit switches are installed on both sides of the traveling track.

[0038] An incremental encoder is installed on the crane shaft to know the distance the crane has moved relative to the corresponding material level base point 2.

[0039] A plurality of proximity switches are arranged along the length of the traveling track between the two limit switches as material level reference points; the proximity switches are used to correct the error of the incremental encoder.

[0040] An encoder three is installed on the winch to obtain the height of the leveler;

[0041] The leveling machine is equipped with a material level switch B, a material level switch A, and a material level switch C on the non-discharge scraper side, the middle part, and the discharge scraper side, respectively.

[0042] To address the problems of high cost and inaccurate measurement associated with existing leveling machine material level switches that use a single radar type, this invention employs the following technical solution: material level switches A, B, and C are all ultrasonic level switches. This invention utilizes three ultrasonic switches, resulting in high accuracy.

[0043] For lateral movement detection of the crane, inductive sensors are typically installed on the track along the crane's path. When the crane passes by, the inductive sensor is triggered, and the position is displayed synchronously in the control system. The inductive sensor is usually placed at a distance of 3-5m. This method cannot accurately pre-determine the crane position, and therefore cannot accurately control the material unloading position, which is not conducive to automated operation.

[0044] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: the number of proximity switches is 10, and the distance between the proximity switches is 5m;

[0045] The number of proximity switches is 10, and the interval between the proximity switches is 5m.

[0046] This invention employs an encoder, safety limit switches at both ends of the guide rail, and a position correction switch in the middle. This allows for precise determination of the trolley's position on the track. The position correction switches at 1-2 points in the middle continuously adjust the encoder to ensure correct positioning, while the safety limit switches at both ends prevent the trolley from slipping off the track. The encoder-based lateral movement detection provides accurate position feedback, which helps improve warehouse capacity utilization.

[0047] To solve the technical problem of material level switch failure, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: during material feeding, a delay control or current over-limit control is set on the material level switch B / C;

[0048] When the level switch B / C has no signal, that is, the level switch B / C is malfunctioning, the delay control or the current over-limit control is triggered, and an alarm is triggered.

[0049] The delay control is as follows: set the delay time to T.延 The material level switch B / C has been consistently not sending a signal, and the scraper's running time exceeds the delay time T. 延 Then, an abnormal alarm is issued, and the leveling machine reverses.

[0050] The overcurrent control is as follows: setting an overcurrent I. max The material level switch B / C is not sending a signal, and the scraper's operating current exceeds the maximum current I. max Then, an abnormal alarm is issued, and the leveling machine reverses. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of a single silo of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a single silo of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the current material feeding status of the existing silo;

[0054] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the material feeding status of the hopper in this invention;

[0055] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the material discharge status of the hopper in this invention;

[0056] Figure 6a This is a front view of the leveling machine of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 6b This is a side view of the leveling machine of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6c This is a perspective view of the leveling machine of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the material blocking switch of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0060] Figure 7b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the material blocking switch of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0061] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the material level switch of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-chain breakage switch of the present invention;

[0063] In the picture:

[0064] 100 Leveling mechanism; 110 Leveling machine; 120 Overhead crane; 130 Truss; 140 Winch; 150 Overhead crane lateral movement motor; 160 Wire rope; 170 Overhead crane rail;

[0065] 200 unloading trucks;

[0066] 310 discharge hopper; 320 discharge conveyor;

[0067] 400 is a single silo; 401 is the floor of a silo; 402 is the wall.

[0068] 500 materials;

[0069] 610 Level Switch A; 611 Switch Bracket; 612 Level Switch; 620 Level Switch B; 630 Level Switch C;

[0070] 710 anti-chain breakage switch one; 711 switch bracket; 712 monitoring switch; 720 anti-chain breakage switch two;

[0071] 800 Blockage Switch; 801 Switch Bracket; 802 Anti-blockage Switch; 803 Anti-blockage Rubber Cup. Detailed Implementation

[0072] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0073] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the silo 400 includes a silo floor 401 and a wall 402. A discharge port is provided on one side of the silo floor 401. A discharge hopper 310 is installed on the discharge port. A discharge conveying device 320 is installed on the discharge hopper 310.

[0074] like Figure 3 As shown, the silo 400 is equipped with a material loading and unloading device, including a leveler 100 and a unloading trolley 200. The unloading trolley 200 moves laterally on the unloading trolley track.

[0075] like Figure 6a , Figure 6b , Figure 6c As shown, the leveling mechanism 100 includes a leveling machine 110, a crane 120, a truss 130, a winch 140, a crane lateral movement motor 150, a wire rope 160, and a crane track 170.

[0076] To ensure safe operation of the equipment, appropriate safety protection measures are in place, including:

[0077] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the unloading car moves laterally: Limit switches are installed on both sides of the unloading car track, corresponding to... Figure 1 The solid line represents the limit level. The start and stop feed positions are located anywhere between the two limit switches.

[0078] An incremental encoder is installed on the shaft of the unloading vehicle to determine the distance the unloading vehicle has moved relative to the corresponding material level base point.

[0079] Several proximity switches are arranged along the length of the unloading car track between the two limit switches (corresponding to...). Figure 1 The solid line represents the calibration level, serving as the level baseline. Proximity switch one is used to correct the error of the incremental encoder one. Preferably, there are 10 proximity switches, spaced 5m apart.

[0080] Specifically, several proximity switches (5m×10) are configured along the length as material level reference points. An incremental encoder is configured on the unloading vehicle's rotating shaft to determine the distance the unloading vehicle has moved relative to the material level reference points. Limit sensors are configured at both ends of the unloading vehicle's track, and mechanical limit buffers are also configured.

[0081] Lateral movement of the crane: Limit switches are installed on both sides of the crane track, corresponding to... Figure 1 The dashed lines in the diagram represent the limit material level. An incremental encoder is installed on the shaft of the traverse motor of the traveling crane to determine the distance the traveling crane has moved relative to the corresponding material level reference point.

[0082] Several proximity switches are arranged along the length of the travel track between the two limit switches (corresponding to...). Figure 1 The dashed line in the diagram represents the calibration level, serving as the second level reference point; proximity switch two is used to correct the error of incremental encoder two. Preferably, there are 10 proximity switches two, with a spacing of 5m between them.

[0083] Specifically, several proximity switches (5m×10) are configured along the length as material level reference points. An incremental encoder is configured on the trolley shaft to determine the distance the trolley has moved relative to the material level reference points. Limit sensors are configured at both ends of the trolley, and mechanical limit buffers are also configured.

[0084] This invention employs an incremental encoder (II), safety limit switches at both ends of the guide rail, and a mid-position correction switch (proximity switch II) to detect the lateral movement of the crane. This allows for precise determination of the crane's position on the track. The encoder is continuously corrected by 1-2 mid-position correction switches to ensure accurate positioning. The safety limit switches at both ends prevent the crane from slipping off the track. The encoder-based lateral movement detection provides accurate position feedback, which helps improve warehouse capacity utilization.

[0085] The leveling machine is raised and lowered by two electric hoists operating simultaneously (during the commissioning phase, the two electric hoists can be controlled separately). Each electric hoist has a built-in high limit switch G. 刮 and lower limit D 刮An encoder three is installed on the winch to monitor the leveling machine's height in real time. For leveling machine height detection, this invention uses an encoder three on the winch, employing a combination of encoder three and high / low limit switches. This allows for precise height measurement of the leveling machine. The high / low limit switches at both ends enable timely correction of the encoder and prevent equipment damage. This invention uses an encoder and includes high / low limit switches, making it safer to use.

[0086] like Figure 6a As shown, level switches B 620, A 610, and C 630 are respectively installed on the non-discharge scraper side, the middle section, and the discharge scraper side of the leveler. Level switches A, B, and C are ultrasonic switches. Figure 8 As shown, the system includes a switch bracket 611 and a level switch 612. It features three ultrasonic level switches with high accuracy. These level switches can be used to assess the material condition below the leveler, providing material information for equipment operation. The level switches of this invention utilize ultrasonic sensors, which are highly sensitive, unaffected by dust, and have accurate distance sensing. Furthermore, each device is equipped with three of these sensors, resulting in higher reliability, and the total cost is equivalent to that of a radar level sensor.

[0087] like Figure 6a As shown, a blockage switch 800 is configured near the material level switch A 610 for emergency shutdown in case the equipment is buried due to material collapse. This invention includes a blockage switch 800 on the upper part of the leveler. Figure 7a , Figure 7b As shown, the material blockage switch 800 includes a switch bracket 801, an anti-blockage switch 802, and an anti-blockage cup 803. The anti-blockage switch is an inductive structure. When material accumulates or collapses to the top of the scraper and triggers the material blockage switch, the equipment stops operating. Its main purpose is to prevent further damage to the equipment from continuing to operate when blocked or pressed down by material. The inductive structure combined with the cup mechanism effectively prevents false alarms due to dust in high-dust environments.

[0088] The screed head is equipped with chain speed sensors on both sides of its upper part to directly measure the number of scraper blades. Specifically, such as... Figure 6a As shown, the present invention equips the leveling machine with an anti-chain breakage switch 710 and a second anti-chain breakage switch 720. Both the anti-chain breakage switch 710 and the second anti-chain breakage switch 720 are inductive sensors, mounted on both sides of the equipment. Figure 9 As shown, the first anti-chain breakage switch 710 and the second anti-chain breakage switch 720 include a switch bracket 711 and a monitoring switch 712. A count is performed each time a scraper passes by. If a scraper falls off or the chain breaks, the information collected by the two sensors will deviate or the data will be interrupted, indicating a problem with the chain.

[0089] An angle sensor is installed in the middle of the leveling machine for sway control. This invention monitors the sway angle of the leveling machine by placing a dedicated angle sensor in the middle of the machine. When the sway angle exceeds a certain value, the machine stops operating. The main purpose is to prevent excessive swaying of the machine, which could lead to safety problems such as overturning or overloading of the wire rope.

[0090] Material feeding into the warehouse is achieved using a leveler and a unloading trolley. The lateral movement of the leveler is achieved using a traveling crane, including:

[0091] When feeding, the unit distance the feeding and unloading vehicles move laterally is W. 横移进 ;

[0092] When feeding, the traverse distance of the crane is set to W per unit distance. 横移进 ;

[0093] Set the highest limit position G of the leveling machine 刮 Minimum limit position D 刮 Set the unit distance of the leveling machine's ascent or descent to H. 单距 The width of the leveling machine is L3;

[0094] Set the highest material level G in the silo 料；

[0095] (1-1) Specify the start and stop feeding positions of the unloading car within a single hopper compartment; first raise the leveler to the highest limit position G. 刮 Then, move the unloading trolley laterally to the starting feeding position, and move the leveler laterally to a distance L1 from the unloading trolley; then, lower the leveler to the position where there is material or the lower limit position D. 刮 This refers to the initial working position of the leveler (at which point the distance between the leveler and the wall panel is L2). After ensuring that the leveler is in the correct position and the material is correct, the feeding mechanism begins to feed the material.

[0096] (1-2) The leveling machine rises at least one unit distance H 单距 There is no material at the left, right, and middle ends of the scraper; the scraper is turned on and the feeding mechanism begins to feed material.

[0097] (1-3) When feeding, the middle part of the scraper contacts the material first, and the scraper scrapes the material towards the non-discharge scraper side until the non-discharge scraper side of the scraper is covered by the material; when the scraper reverses, the scraper scrapes the material towards the discharge scraper side until the discharge scraper side of the scraper is covered by the material.

[0098] (1-4) The leveling machine lifts upward by one unit distance H. 单距 Repeat steps (1-3) until the machine is automatically stopped or the scraper rises to the highest material level position G. 料 The unloading vehicle moves laterally a unit distance W towards the stop feeding position. 横移进During the movement, the feeding process continues, and the leveler is at the highest material level position G. 料 After scraping the material to the non-discharge scraper side and the discharge scraper side, the leveler moves laterally a unit distance W towards the stop feed position. 横移进 When the scraper moves laterally, the scraper is in the scraping-to-discharge scraper side open state and does not stop;

[0099] (1-5) After the scraper moves to the new working position, the scraper turns and scrapes the material to the non-discharge scraper side, and repeats step (1-3). Then repeat step (1-4) until the unloading car moves laterally to the stop feeding position or stops.

[0100] H 单距 Preferably 30-150mm. W 横移进 L3 is preferred.

[0101] The specific feeding process is as follows:

[0102] 1. The customer specifies the start and end feed points (material level base points) (specification across compartments is not allowed). The scraper should first be raised to the upper limit position, then moved laterally with the unloading vehicle to the specified position. The scraper should then be lowered to the lowest point (traffic vehicle low limit signal). If there is material at this position, a signal from any of the material level switches A, B, or C on the scraper indicates that the scraper has been lowered to the lowest point. After the scraper reaches the position, manual confirmation is required to ensure that the position is correct and the material is correct (to prevent mixing). After confirmation and clicking the start button, the system will start feeding.

[0103] 2. Raise the scraper one unit distance (adjustable, 30-150mm) to ensure that all material level switches are disengaged from the material. Otherwise, continue raising the scraper one unit distance. Excessive raising indicates a switch problem. Start the scraper and the belt conveyor will begin feeding material.

[0104] 3. When feeding, the material level switch A should give a signal feedback first. The scraper should scrape the material to the left (towards the non-discharge scraper side) until the material level switch B gives a signal. Then the scraper should reverse until the material level switch C gives a signal.

[0105] 4. The scraper is raised one unit distance, and step 3 is repeated. If the scraper is raised one unit and there is no material signal at all three material positions for a long time (1 minute, adjustable), the scraper will issue a no material alarm until there is a material signal again.

[0106] 5. Until the customer stops the machine, or the scraper rises to the high material level position, the unloading truck will immediately move laterally forward a unit distance (set to 1m according to the width of the scraper, adjustable). During the movement, the feeding process continues. After the scraper completes the left and right scraping at the high material level position, the scraper will also move laterally forward a unit distance. During the lateral movement, the scraper will be in the right scraping (scraping towards the discharge scraper) open state without stopping the machine.

[0107] 6. After moving to the new working position, the scraper turns to scrape the material to the left and repeats step 3, then repeats step 5 until it stops or touches the limit switches at both ends of the track.

[0108] In one embodiment, during step 3, when feeding material, the material level switch B / C is also equipped with a delay control or a current over-limit control.

[0109] When the level switch B / C has no signal, that is, the level switch B / C is malfunctioning, the delay control or the current over-limit control is triggered, and an alarm is triggered.

[0110] The delay control is as follows: set the delay time to T. 延 The material level switch B / C has been consistently not sending a signal, and the scraper's running time exceeds the delay T. 延 Then, an abnormal alarm is issued, and the leveling machine reverses.

[0111] The overcurrent control is as follows: setting an overcurrent I. max The material level switch B / C is not sending a signal, and the scraper's operating current exceeds the maximum current I. max Then, an abnormal alarm is issued, and the leveling machine reverses.

[0112] Material release methods include:

[0113] Set the unit distance of lateral movement of the discharge crane to W. 横移出 :

[0114] (2-1) Specify the start and stop discharge positions of the scraper within a single hopper compartment, and raise the scraper to the highest limit position G. 刮 Then move it horizontally to the discharge position; turn on the scraper;

[0115] (2-2) The scraper begins to descend until there is material at the left, right, or middle end of the scraper, at which point the scraper stops descending; the scraper then scrapes the material towards the discharge port until there is no material at the left, right, or middle end of the scraper, at which point the scraper continues to descend one unit distance H. 单距 The descent stops, and the scraping process continues until the scraper reaches the lower limit position D. 刮 ;

[0116] (2-3) The scraper rises upward and then moves laterally W towards the discharge stop position. 横移出 Repeat step (2-2), keeping the leveling machine running during the descent;

[0117] (2-4) Repeat step (2-3) until the scraper reaches the lower limit position D of the final discharge position. 刮 Furthermore, there is no material covering the two ends and the middle of the scraper, thus completing the bottom material cleaning.

[0118] In one embodiment, for materials prone to bridging, the scraper is raised to the highest material level position G. 料 Then move horizontally by W 横移出 W 横移出 For L3. Specifically, the discharge process 1 for materials prone to arching is as follows:

[0119] 1. The customer specifies the start and end discharge positions (specification across compartments is not allowed). The scraper is raised to the upper limit position, then moved laterally to the specified position. The scraper is then turned on and begins to descend.

[0120] 2. When any of the material level switches A / B / C has a material signal, the scraper stops descending. When there is no material level signal from any of the material level switches A / B / C, the scraper continues to descend one unit distance and then stops descending. During the process, the scraper continues to scrape material until it descends to the lower limit.

[0121] 3. For materials that are prone to arching, raise the scraper to the high material level position, then move it horizontally by the width of the scraper (1m, which can be set), and the scraper will start to descend. During the process, the scraper will continue to run, and then repeat step 2.

[0122] In one embodiment, for materials with good flowability, the leveler rises H... 单距 And maintain the height, the leveler moves laterally W 横移出 W 横移出 The width is half the width of the scraper. At this time, at least one of the left, right and middle ends of the scraper should be covered by material. The scraper continues to discharge material until there is no material at the left, right and middle ends of the scraper.

[0123] The scraper descends one unit distance to the bottom. If there are no signals when the scraper reaches the left, right, or middle of the scraper, it indicates that bottom material cleaning is complete. Repeat steps (2-3) until the scraper reaches the lower limit position D of the final discharge position. 刮 Or shut down.

[0124] Specifically, the discharge process for materials with good flowability is as follows:

[0125] 1. The customer specifies the start and end discharge positions (specification across compartments is not allowed). The scraper is raised to the upper limit position, then moved laterally to the specified position. The scraper is then turned on and begins to descend.

[0126] 2. When any of the material level switches A / B / C has a material signal, the scraper stops descending. When there is no material level signal from any of the material level switches A / B / C, the scraper continues to descend one unit distance and then stops descending. During the process, the scraper continues to scrape material until it descends to the lower limit.

[0127] 3. For materials with good flowability, raise the scraper one unit distance and maintain the height. Move the scraper laterally, controlling the lateral movement distance to be half the width of the scraper (about 500mm, adjustable). At this time, at least one of the three material positions should be able to sense the material. The scraper continues to discharge material until the material position no longer has a signal.

[0128] 4. When the scraper descends one unit distance to the bottom and there is no signal after scraping the material to 3 material levels, it means that the bottom material cleaning is complete. Repeat step 3 until the equipment moves to the end of the track and triggers the limit switch, or the customer stops the machine.

[0129] This invention achieves automated control of the leveling machine, specifically as follows:

[0130] 1. Improved overall work efficiency, effectively increasing the storage capacity and turnover efficiency of the silo;

[0131] 2. The feeding process is continuous, avoiding impact on the front-end feeding equipment;

[0132] 3. No personnel are required to enter the silo to avoid harming the health of operators;

[0133] 4. It avoids equipment problems or safety issues caused by operator error;

[0134] 5. It avoids requiring highly skilled personnel.

[0135] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical features and concepts of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it. They should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and embodiments of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The material loading and unloading method utilizes a leveling machine and a unloading trolley. The lateral movement of the leveling machine is achieved using a traveling crane. Its characteristic is that... The method includes a material receiving method and a material discharging method; The material receiving method includes: When feeding, the unit distance the feeding and unloading vehicles move laterally is W. 横移进 ; When feeding, the traverse distance of the crane is set to W per unit distance. 横移进 ; Set the highest limit position G of the leveling machine 刮 Minimum limit position D 刮 Set the unit distance of the leveling machine's ascent or descent to H. 单距 The width of the leveling machine is L3; Set the highest material level G in the silo 料； (1-1) Specify the start and stop feeding positions of the unloading car within a single hopper compartment; first raise the leveler to the highest limit position G. 刮 Then, move the unloading trolley laterally to the starting feeding position, and move the leveler laterally to a distance L1 from the unloading trolley; then, lower the leveler to the position where there is material or the lower limit position D. 刮 This refers to the starting working position of the leveler. After ensuring that the leveler is in the correct position and that the material is correct, the feeding mechanism begins to feed the material. (1-2) The leveling machine rises at least one unit distance H 单距 There is no material at the left, right, and middle ends of the scraper; the scraper is turned on and the feeding mechanism begins to feed material. (1-3) When feeding, the middle part of the scraper contacts the material first, and the scraper scrapes the material towards the non-discharge scraper side until the non-discharge scraper side of the scraper is covered by the material; when the scraper reverses, the scraper scrapes the material towards the discharge scraper side until the discharge scraper side of the scraper is covered by the material. (1-4) The leveling machine lifts upward by one unit distance H. 单距 Repeat steps (1-3) until the machine is automatically stopped or the scraper rises to the highest material level position G. 料 The unloading vehicle moves laterally a unit distance W towards the stop feeding position. 横移进 During the movement, the feeding process continues, and the leveler is at the highest material level position G. 料 After scraping the material to the non-discharge scraper side and the discharge scraper side, the leveler moves laterally a unit distance W towards the stop feed position. 横移进 When the scraper moves laterally, the scraper is in the scraping-to-discharge scraper side open state and does not stop; (1-5) After the scraper moves to the new working position, the scraper turns and scrapes the material to the non-discharge scraper side, and repeats step (1-3). Then repeat step (1-4) until the unloading car moves laterally to the stop feeding position or stops.

2. The material loading and unloading method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The H 单距 The diameter is 30-150mm; the W 横移进 It is L3.

3. The material loading and unloading method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material release method includes: Set the unit distance of lateral movement of the discharge crane to W. 横移出 : (2-1) Specify the start and stop discharge positions of the scraper within a single hopper compartment, and raise the scraper to the highest limit position G. 刮 Then move it horizontally to the discharge position; turn on the scraper; (2-2) The scraper begins to descend until there is material at the left, right, or middle end of the scraper, at which point the scraper stops descending; the scraper then scrapes the material towards the discharge port until there is no material at the left, right, or middle end of the scraper, at which point the scraper continues to descend one unit distance H. 单距 The descent stops, and the scraping process continues until the scraper reaches the lower limit position D. 刮 ; (2-3) The scraper rises upward and then moves laterally W towards the discharge stop position. 横移出 Repeat step (2-2), keeping the leveling machine running during the descent; (2-4) Repeat step (2-3) until the scraper reaches the lower limit position D of the final discharge position. 刮 Furthermore, there is no material covering the two ends and the middle of the scraper, thus completing the bottom material cleaning.

4. The material loading and unloading method according to claim 3, characterized in that, For materials prone to bridging, the scraper is raised to the highest material level position G. 料 Then move horizontally by W 横移出 W 横移出 It is L3.

5. The material loading and unloading method according to claim 3, characterized in that, For materials with good flowability, the leveler rises H... 单距 And maintain the height, the leveler moves laterally W 横移出 W 横移出 The width is half the width of the scraper. At this time, at least one of the left, right and middle ends of the scraper should be covered by material. The scraper continues to discharge material until there is no material at the left, right and middle ends of the scraper. The scraper descends one unit distance to the bottom. If there are no signals when the scraper reaches the left, right, or middle of the scraper, it indicates that bottom material cleaning is complete. Repeat steps (2-3) until the scraper reaches the lower limit position D of the final discharge position. 刮 Or shut down.

6. The material loading and unloading method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps (1-4): if the leveler is raised one unit distance H, and there is no material covering the left, right and middle parts of the leveler within time T1, the leveler will issue a no-material alarm until there is a material signal again.

7. An apparatus for implementing the material loading and unloading method according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising a leveling machine, a traveling crane, a traveling crane track, and an unloading car and an unloading car track, characterized in that, Limit switches are installed on both sides of the unloading vehicle track; the start and stop feeding positions are located at any position between the two limit switches. An incremental encoder is installed on the shaft of the unloading vehicle to know the moving distance of the unloading vehicle relative to the corresponding material level base point. A plurality of proximity switches are arranged along the length of the unloading vehicle track between the two limit switches as material level reference points; the proximity switches are used to correct the error of the incremental encoder. Limit switches are installed on both sides of the traveling track. An incremental encoder II is installed on the crane shaft to determine the distance the crane has moved relative to the corresponding material level reference point II; several proximity switches II are arranged along the length of the crane track between the two limit switches II as material level reference points II; the proximity switches II are used to correct the error of the incremental encoder II. An encoder three is installed on the winch to obtain the height of the leveler; The leveling machine is equipped with a material level switch B, a material level switch A, and a material level switch C on the non-discharge scraper side, the middle part, and the discharge scraper side, respectively.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The material level switches A, B, and C are all ultrasonic material level switches.

9. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The number of proximity switches is 10, and the distance between the proximity switches is 5m. The number of proximity switches is 10, and the interval between the proximity switches is 5m.

10. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, During feeding, the material level switch B / C is set with a delay control or current over-limit control; When the level switch B / C has no signal, that is, the level switch B / C is malfunctioning, the delay control or the current over-limit control is triggered, and an alarm is triggered. The delay control is as follows: set the delay time to T. 延 The material level switch B / C has been consistently not sending a signal, and the scraper's running time exceeds the delay time T. 延 Then, an abnormal alarm is issued, and the leveling machine reverses. The overcurrent control is as follows: setting an overcurrent I. max The material level switch B / C is not sending a signal, and the scraper's operating current exceeds the maximum current I. max Then, an abnormal alarm is issued, and the leveling machine reverses.

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