High dam fish gathering and transporting system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of environmental protection of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and in particular to a high-dam fish collecting and transporting system, which comprises a fish collecting mechanism and a fish releasing mechanism connected through a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism comprises a fish collecting and transporting tower, the fish collecting and transporting tower is vertically arranged on the outside of the dam; a pair of lifting tracks is symmetrically arranged on the inside of the fish collecting and transporting tower, one fish collecting box is slidably arranged in each of the two lifting tracks; a pulley block is arranged on the top of the fish collecting and transporting tower, a speed limiter is arranged in the pulley block; a cable is wound on the pulley block, and the two ends of the cable are connected to the top of the two fish collecting boxes; the present application adopts the structure of the pulley block and the counterweight of the two fish collecting boxes alternately lifting, and the work of transporting the fish under the dam to the dam can be realized without the control of the active driving mechanism, thereby reducing the construction and operation and maintenance cost of the fish collecting and transporting system; since the two fish collecting boxes are alternately operated, the operation efficiency is higher, the construction and use cost of the lifting mechanism is not increased with the increase of the dam height, and the present application is more widely applicable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental protection technology in water conservancy and hydropower engineering, specifically to a fish collection and transportation system for high dams. Background Technology

[0002] Water conservancy and hydropower projects often require the construction of dams on rivers. While these dams provide benefits such as flood control, power generation, and navigation, they also have a significant impact on the river's ecological environment. Currently, some water conservancy and hydropower projects use artificial migratory channels such as fishways to help fish cross dams and facilitate fish exchange between upstream and downstream areas. However, in complex mountainous environments with high dams, constructing fishways presents challenges such as complex design factors and construction difficulties. When there is a significant difference in elevation between upstream and downstream areas, the fishways may become excessively long, greatly increasing construction costs.

[0003] A patent application with application number 201711383215.6 discloses a fish collection and transportation system adaptable to water level fluctuations, comprising three main parts: a water replenishment system, a fish collection system, and a lifting and transferring system. The water replenishment system has an adjustable flow channel in its middle section connected to the fish collection system. A working gate is installed at the end of the water replenishment system to control the total flow rate into the fish collection and transportation system from the power station's tailrace channel. A fish barrier is installed at the connection between the water replenishment channel and the fish collection corridor to prevent fish from migrating back into the water replenishment corridor. The fish collection corridor system includes a fish collection box, a fish-driving barrier, a fish monitor, and an inlet gate. The inlet gate controls the outlet flow velocity and water depth of the fish collection corridor system. The patent automatically optimizes and adjusts the opening of the fish inlet gate and the water supply gate based on the characteristics of the fish school observed by the fish monitor and the changes in water level and flow, thereby meeting the appropriate hydraulic conditions for different types of fish schools in different locations. However, the transfer system and lifting system used in this patent require the installation and use of large motors. As the dam height increases, the installation and use costs of the lifting system and transfer system will increase significantly. At the same time, the fish collection box has low operating efficiency, with only a single fish collection box operating at a time. If the number of fish collection boxes is to be increased, a second lifting system and transfer system needs to be installed and constructed, which results in high expansion costs and poor applicability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-dam fish collection and transportation system that is low in operating costs and has greater applicability.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A high-dam fish collection and transportation system includes a fish collection mechanism and a fish release mechanism connected by a lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism includes a collection tower, which is vertically installed on the outside of the dam. A pair of lifting tracks are symmetrically arranged on both sides inside the collection tower, and a fish collection box is slidably installed in each of the two tracks. A pulley system is installed at the top of the collection tower, and a braking mechanism is connected to the pulley system. Cables are wound around the pulley system, and both ends of the cables are connected to the tops of the two fish collection boxes. The fish collection mechanism is located at the bottom of the collection tower, and the fish release mechanism is located at the top of the collection tower. The fish collection mechanism includes a fish collection channel, and the fish release mechanism includes a fish release channel. The outlet end of the fish collection channel and the inlet end of the fish release channel are both located between the two lifting tracks, and gates that cooperate with the fish collection boxes are installed at both the outlet end of the fish collection channel and the inlet end of the fish release channel.

[0007] Preferably, a slider is fixedly connected to the outside of the fish collection box, and the slider slides in cooperation with the lifting rail; a box door is provided on one side of the fish collection box, and the box door slides vertically in connection with the box body; push plates are provided at the top and bottom of the box door, and horizontal plates that cooperate with the push plates of the box door are provided at the bottom of the gate at the fish collection channel and the top of the gate at the fish release channel.

[0008] Preferably, the fish collection mechanism includes a fish collection control room, which is located at the top of the outlet end of the fish collection channel; the fish release mechanism includes a fish release control room, which is located at the top of the inlet end of the fish release channel; gate slide rails that cooperate with the gate are respectively provided on both sides of the fish collection control room and the fish release control room.

[0009] Preferably, both the tank door and the gate at the outlet of the fish collection channel are connected to an automatic opening mechanism, which includes an opening motor. The opening motor is fixedly installed on the top of the tank door and in the fish collection control room, and the output shaft of the opening motor is fixedly connected to a gear. Vertical racks are fixedly installed on both the tank door and the gate, and the gears and racks are meshed with each other.

[0010] Preferably, the pulley block includes fixed pulleys that cooperate with two lifting rails respectively, and a speed limiter is provided between the two fixed pulleys; the speed limiter includes a pair of limiting pulleys that cooperate with the fixed pulleys, and a variable resistance pulley is provided above the two limiting pulleys.

[0011] Preferably, the variable resistance pulley includes a wheel disc, with multiple grooves evenly arranged along the axis inside the wheel disc, and a fixed slide rod in each groove; a counterweight slider is sleeved on the fixed slide rod, a spring is connected to one side of the counterweight slider, and the other side of the spring is fixedly set on one end face of the groove; a connecting rod is fixedly connected to one side of the counterweight slider, a part of the connecting rod is set inside the groove, and a deceleration ring is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod outside the groove; a deceleration block is set above the wheel disc, and the deceleration block is an arc-shaped block coaxial with the wheel disc.

[0012] Preferably, a funnel-shaped fish-collecting baffle is installed inside the fish-collecting channel, and a drain outlet is installed on the fish-collecting control room. The drain outlet is connected to the fish-releasing channel through a water supply pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the inlet end of the fish collection channel is connected to the downstream of the river, and the outlet end of the fish release channel is connected to the upstream of the river; a fish-attracting mechanism is provided at the inlet end of the fish collection channel.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0015] This invention employs a method of connecting two fish collection tanks via cables and pulley systems. This eliminates the need for motors or other equipment; the lifting and lowering of the two fish collection tanks can be adjusted solely by the amount of water injected into them, significantly reducing construction and subsequent operation and maintenance costs. Since the lifting mechanism relies solely on the counterweight interaction between the two fish collection tanks, even as the dam height increases, there is no need to upgrade the motor specifications as with traditional motor-driven lifting systems. This allows it to be applied to dams of varying heights, making it more widely applicable and suitable for widespread use.

[0016] This invention employs a two-tank alternating lifting and lowering mechanism, significantly improving fish collection and transportation efficiency compared to the traditional single-tank structure. A speed limiter is incorporated into the pulley system. When the lifting and lowering speed of the fish tank is too high, the centrifugal force generated by the rotating variable-resistance pulley in the speed limiter causes the counterweight slider to slide outwards, thereby moving the connecting rod outwards. This increases the diameter of the elastic deceleration ring, causing it to expand outwards and push the cable outwards to contact the deceleration block. The faster the rotation speed, the greater the centrifugal force and the greater the friction between the cable and the deceleration block, thus reducing the cable's movement speed. This ensures that the lifting and lowering speed of the fish tank remains within a safe range, preventing collisions due to excessive speed and avoiding damage or fright to the fish inside. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of the area marked with "A" in the middle;

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transport tower after partial cross-section.

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of the area marked with B in the middle;

[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transport tower after partial cross-section.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fish collection box structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fish collection box of the present invention when the box door is open;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the transport tower of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the speed limiter of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the variable resistance pulley of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the variable resistance pulley of the present invention when it is in a deceleration state during movement.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Fish collection tower; 11. Lifting rail; 2. Fish collection control room; 21. Drainage outlet; 22. Water supply pipe; 23. Gate; 3. Fish collection channel; 31. Fish collection baffle; 4. Fish collection box; 41. Cable; 42. Slider; 43. Box door; 44. Rack; 45. Door opening motor; 46. Gear; 47. Counterweight water supply outlet; 5. Fish release control room; 51. Counterweight faucet; 6. Fish release channel; 7. Fixed pulley; 8. Speed ​​limiter; 81. Limiting pulley; 82. Variable resistance pulley; 83. Wheel; 84. Fixed sliding rod; 85. Counterweight slider; 86. Spring; 87. Deceleration ring; 88. Deceleration block. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following is a further explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, such as... Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a high dam fish collection and transportation system, which mainly includes a fish collection mechanism and a fish release mechanism. The fish collection mechanism is located at the bottom of the dam and the fish release mechanism is located at the top of the dam; the fish collection mechanism and the fish release mechanism are connected by a lifting mechanism.

[0030] The lifting mechanism mainly includes a vertically arranged collection tower; the fish collection mechanism includes a fish collection channel 3; and a fish collection control room 2 is located inside the collection tower 1 above the outlet end of the fish collection channel 3; the fish release mechanism includes a fish release channel 6; and a fish release control room 5 is located inside the collection tower 1 above the inlet end of the fish release channel 6. Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, a drain outlet 21 is provided at the bottom of the fish collection control room 2. The drain outlet 21 is connected to the fish release channel 6 through a water supply pipe 22, so that the water entering the fish release channel 6 from the river can be discharged through the water supply pipe 22 and discharged into the downstream fish collection channel 3 through the drain outlet 21, forming a water flow to attract fish forward. The fish collection channel 3 is connected to the downstream of the river, and the fish release channel 6 is connected to the upstream of the river. A trumpet-shaped fish collection baffle 31 is provided behind the outlet end of the fish collection channel 3, so that fish cannot escape after entering the outlet end of the fish collection channel 3. A fish attracting mechanism is provided at the inlet end of the fish collection channel 3. The fish attracting mechanism includes a sound and light fish attractor, an ultrasonic fish attractor, or a water flow fish attractor. Alternatively, the inlet end of the fish collection channel 3 can be set near the tailwater of the dam to use the tailwater to attract fish.

[0031] Two sets of lifting tracks 11 are installed on both sides of the collection tower 1, and two fish collection boxes 4 are slidably connected to each of the two sets of lifting tracks 11; for example Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the tops of the two fish collection boxes 4 are connected by a cable 41. The cable 41 passes through two fixed pulleys in sequence from the top of the inside of the collection tower 1, so that when the load inside the two fish collection boxes 4 is different, the heavier fish collection box 4 will descend and pull the other fish collection box 4 upward. The two fish collection boxes 4 are located on both sides of the two control rooms and the waterway, and gates 23 that cooperate with the fish collection boxes are opened on both sides of the fish collection waterway 3 and the fish release waterway 6. Gate rails that cooperate with the gates 23 are set on both sides of the fish collection control room 2 and the fish release control room 5, so that the gates 23 can slide up and down to open or close the waterway.

[0032] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, two sliders 42 are respectively provided on both sides of the fish collection box 4, which can slide in cooperation with the lifting rails 11 on both sides to maintain the stability of the fish collection box 4 during lifting. One side of the fish collection box 4 is set as an opening, and a box door 43 is slidably provided at the opening. The box door 43 can slide upward to open, so that water containing fish can be added into the fish collection box 4 or the water inside the fish collection box 4 can be discharged. Push plates are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the box door 43, and a vertically arranged rack 44 is connected below the top push plate. A through hole is provided at the top of the fish collection box 4 to cooperate with the rack 44, so that the rack 44 can... 4 can extend through the top of the tank into the fish collection tank. A door opening motor 45 is also installed on the top of the fish collection tank 4. The output shaft of the door opening motor 45 is connected to a gear 46 that meshes with the rack 44. When the door opening motor 45 drives the gear 46 to rotate, it can control the opening or closing of the tank door 43. Waterproof rubber strips are installed at the joint between the tank door and the fish collection tank 4 to prevent water leakage when closed. A counterweight water inlet 47 is also installed on the top of the fish collection tank 4. A counterweight water tap 51 is installed on the top of the collection tower 1 in cooperation with it. An automatic door opening mechanism is installed in the fish collection control room 2, which can actively drive the gate 23 to open.

[0033] The gate 23 located at the outlet of the fish collection channel 3 has a horizontal plate at its bottom, which can cooperate with the push plate at the bottom of the door 43 of the fish collection box 4. When the gate 23 is pushed upward, it will also drive the door 43 to open upward together. The gate 23 located at the inlet of the fish release channel 6 has a horizontal plate at its top that cooperates with the push plate at the top of the door 43. When the door 43 is actively opened upward, it can push the gate 23 to open upward together.

[0034] The operating principle of the lifting mechanism is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the tops of the two fish collection boxes 4 are connected by cables 41, which pass around the pulley system set at the top of the collection tower 1, allowing them to slide freely. The pulley system includes two fixed pulleys 7, both of which are connected to a braking mechanism. The braking mechanism can keep the fish collection box 4 at a certain height for fish collection and release operations. A speed limiter 8 is set between the two fixed pulleys 7 to limit the lifting speed of the fish collection box 4.

[0035] The structure of speed limiter 8 is as follows Figure 9 As shown, it has two limiting pulleys 81 inside to change the direction of the cable 41, and a variable resistance pulley 82 is provided above the two limiting pulleys 81; the structure of the variable resistance pulley 82 is as follows. Figure 10 As shown, it includes a wheel 83 that can rotate around an axis. Four grooves are evenly distributed inside the wheel 83. A fixed slide rod 84 is provided in each groove. A counterweight slider 85 is slidably mounted on the fixed slide rod 84. A spring 86 is connected to one side of the counterweight slider 85, and the other end of the spring 86 is fixedly connected to the end face of the groove. When the wheel 83 is not rotating, the counterweight slider 85 will be maintained in a position close to the center in the groove under the action of the spring. When the wheel 83 rotates, as the centrifugal force overcomes the elastic force of the spring, the counterweight slider 85 will slide outward.

[0036] A connecting rod is connected to the outer surface of the counterweight slider 85, and a reduction ring 87 is connected to the end of the connecting rod. The reduction ring 87 is made of a wear-resistant elastic structure and its diameter can be changed according to the position of the connecting rod. A reduction block 88 is set above the wheel 83. The reduction block 88 is an arc-shaped block structure coaxial with the wheel 83. The cable 41 is set between the reduction ring 87 and the reduction block 88. Figure 11As shown, when the rotation speed of the wheel 83 reaches a certain level, the diameter of the deceleration ring 87 expands to a certain extent, causing the cable 41 to contact the deceleration block 88 and generating frictional resistance. As the rotation speed increases, the centrifugal force generated by the counterweight slider 85 increases, and the frictional resistance increases, causing the sliding speed of the cable 41 to decrease. With the dynamic balance between the frictional resistance and the rotation speed of the wheel 83, the maximum sliding speed of the cable 41, that is, the maximum lifting speed of the fish collection box 4, is limited, so that it will not exceed a certain speed for lifting.

[0037] In practical use, this embodiment requires personnel to enter the fish collection control room 2 and the fish release control room 5 for operation. When the two fish collection boxes 4 are moved to the gates of the fish collection channel 3 and the fish release channel 6 respectively, their positions are fixed by the braking mechanism. Then, the gate 23 is opened by the automatic door opening mechanism in the fish collection control room 2. When the gate 23 is raised, it will also drive the door 43 of the fish collection box 4 below to open, so that the fish in the fish collection channel 3 can enter the fish collection box 4. In order to improve the fish collection efficiency, the fish collection box 4 can also be equipped with sound and light fish attractors and other equipment to speed up the fish collection efficiency. When the operator observes that there are enough fish in the fish collection box 4, the gate 23 and the box door 43 can be closed to prepare for upward transfer.

[0038] The upper fish collection box 4 actively opens the box door 43 via the door opening motor 45. When the box door 43 slides upward and opens, it will also simultaneously push up the gate 23 on the side of the fish release channel 6. The gate 23 and its opening height of the fish release channel 6 are slightly higher than the water surface height of the fish release channel 6, so that when the gate 23 is opened, the water in the fish collection box 4, along with the fish, can be poured into the fish release channel 6. After all the water and fish in the fish collection box 4 have been emptied, the box door 43 and the gate 23 can be closed to prepare for resetting.

[0039] After the two fish collection boxes have completed their fish collection and release operations, and the box doors 43 are closed, the transfer and resetting process can begin. The operator in the fish release control room 5 opens the counterweight water tap 51 through the valve, and pours counterweight water into the fish collection box 4 that has just released fish, passing it through the counterweight water inlet 47. When the upper fish collection box 4 has enough water to make its weight higher than the lower fish collection box 4, the brake mechanism can be released. Because the upper fish collection box 4 is heavier, it will slide down, causing the lower fish collection box 4 containing fish to slide up. Under the action of the speed limiter 8, the movement speed of the fish collection box 4 will not exceed the preset maximum value, preventing high-speed movement that could lead to collisions or other accidents, and avoiding injury or fright to the fish. Appropriate buffer mechanisms can be installed at the top and bottom of the lifting track 11 to reduce the impact when the fish collection box 4 moves to its highest or lowest position. Once the fish collection box 4 is in position again, the above fish collection and release steps can be repeated.

[0040] The above description is merely a further explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments. All descriptions made do not imply any limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-dam fish collection and transportation system, comprising a fish collection mechanism and a fish release mechanism connected by a lifting mechanism, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism includes a collection tower, which is vertically installed on the outside of the dam. A pair of lifting tracks are symmetrically arranged on both sides inside the collection tower, and a fish collection box is slidably installed in each of the two tracks. A pulley system is installed at the top of the collection tower, and the pulley system is connected to a braking mechanism. A cable is wound around the pulley system, and the two ends of the cable are respectively connected to the tops of the two fish collection boxes. A fish collection mechanism is located at the bottom of the collection tower, and a fish release mechanism is located at the top of the collection tower. The fish collection mechanism includes a fish collection channel, and the fish release mechanism includes a fish release channel. The outlet end of the fish collection channel and the inlet end of the fish release channel are both located between the two lifting tracks, and gates that cooperate with the fish collection boxes are installed at both the outlet end of the fish collection channel and the inlet end of the fish release channel. A slider is fixedly connected to the outside of the fish collection box, and the slider slidably cooperates with the lifting tracks. A door is provided on one side of the fish collection box, and the door is slidably connected to the body of the fish collection box. The top of the door and... Push plates are provided at the bottom of each of the following structures: a horizontal plate that cooperates with the push plate of the box door at the bottom of the gate at the fish collection channel and a horizontal plate that cooperates with the push plate of the box door at the top of the gate at the fish release channel; the fish collection mechanism includes a fish collection control chamber located at the top of the outlet end of the fish collection channel; the fish release mechanism includes a fish release control chamber located at the top of the inlet end of the fish release channel; gate slide rails that cooperate with the gate are provided on both sides of the fish collection control chamber and the fish release control chamber; both the box door and the gate at the outlet end of the fish collection channel are connected to an automatic door opening mechanism, which includes a door opening motor; the door opening motor is fixedly installed at the top of the box door and in the fish collection control chamber, and a gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the door opening motor; vertical racks are fixedly installed on both the box door and the gate, and the gears and racks mesh with each other; a drain outlet is provided at the bottom of the fish collection control chamber, and the drain outlet is connected to the fish release channel through a water supply pipe; a waterproof strip is provided at the joint between the box door and the fish collection box.

2. The high-dam fish collection and transportation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulley block includes fixed pulleys that cooperate with two lifting rails respectively, and a speed limiter is provided between the two fixed pulleys; the speed limiter includes a pair of limiting pulleys that cooperate with the fixed pulleys, and a variable resistance pulley is provided above the two limiting pulleys.

3. The high-dam fish collection and transportation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The variable resistance pulley includes a wheel disc with multiple grooves evenly arranged along its axis inside the wheel disc. Each groove contains a fixed sliding rod. A counterweight slider is fitted onto the fixed sliding rod. A spring is connected to one side of the counterweight slider, and the other side of the spring is fixedly mounted on one end face of the groove. A connecting rod is fixedly connected to one side of the counterweight slider. A portion of the connecting rod is located inside the groove, and a deceleration ring is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod outside the groove. A deceleration block, which is an arc-shaped block coaxial with the wheel disc, is provided above the wheel disc.

4. The high-dam fish collection and transportation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fish-collecting channel is equipped with a trumpet-shaped fish-collecting baffle.

5. The high-dam fish collection and transportation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet of the fish collection channel is connected to the downstream of the river, and the outlet of the fish release channel is connected to the upstream of the river; a fish-attracting mechanism is provided at the inlet of the fish collection channel.

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