Breakwater construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a breakwater construction method. The breakwater construction method comprises the steps that the type of a breakwater is determined; bionic breakwater units are manufactured, each bionic breakwater unit is a hollow independent module, a shell of each module is a rigid body composed of a bionic coral reef porous structure, a hydrogel material is embedded into the porous structure, and each hole in the porous structure is of a gradient gap structure; a dynamic environment-friendly curtain system is arranged on the periphery of a construction area and comprises a plurality of curtain units with movable bottoms, each curtain unit comprises curtain cloth, a buoy and a balancing weight, and the bottoms of the curtain units can move through stretching and retracting of anchor chains; the breakwater foundation is constructed; block stones and concrete are adopted for masonry construction of the breakwater body; the bionic breakwater units are installed on the wave facing face of the breakwater body, and a multi-layer and multi-gap protection structure is formed. According to the method, the wave prevention effect of the breakwater can be improved, the stability of the structure is enhanced, pollution can be effectively controlled, and the construction environment is stabilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of marine engineering technology, and more specifically, to a breakwater construction method. Background Art

[0002] In marine engineering construction, the construction of breakwaters is a vital task. There are many problems that need to be solved in traditional breakwater construction methods. First, in terms of the structural design of breakwaters, conventional breakwaters have a relatively simple structure, usually a simple solid structure or a small amount of porous structure, which is difficult to effectively cope with the complex and changeable ocean wave environment. Faced with the impact of waves of different directions and intensities, its wave-breaking effect is greatly reduced, and the wave energy cannot be fully reduced, resulting in ports, coasts and other facilities still being vulnerable to wave damage, affecting their normal use and safety performance. Moreover, the single-structure breakwater has a significant negative impact on the marine ecological environment. Due to the lack of space for marine organisms to live and reproduce, the living environment of marine organisms is destroyed, resulting in a decrease in marine biodiversity. Secondly, there are serious deficiencies in environmental protection measures during the construction process. A large amount of suspended matter, such as silt, debris, etc., generated during the construction process will spread with the ocean current, seriously affecting the water quality of the sea area surrounding the construction area. These suspended matter will not only reduce the transparency of the water body and hinder the photosynthesis of marine plants, but may also damage the respiratory system and feeding system of marine organisms, thereby affecting the balance of the entire marine ecosystem. However, existing construction technologies often lack effective means of collecting and treating suspended matter, making it difficult to effectively protect the marine environment during construction. Furthermore, previous monitoring methods for long-term stability monitoring of breakwaters are relatively limited. Relying solely on regular manual inspections, it is difficult to grasp in real time the changes in key parameters such as the foundation settlement, stress and strain of the breakwater, wave pressure, and surrounding water flow velocity of the breakwater in a complex marine environment. This results in the inability to promptly discover and take effective countermeasures when safety hazards arise in the breakwater, which may lead to serious safety accidents, resulting in huge economic losses and casualties.

[0003] In summary, the existing breakwater construction methods have many problems and shortcomings in terms of wave protection effect, ecological protection, construction monitoring, etc. These problems not only affect the engineering quality and service life of the breakwater, but also have an adverse impact on the marine ecological environment. Therefore, a new breakwater construction method is urgently needed to solve these problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a breakwater construction method, which can not only improve the wave-breaking effect of the breakwater and enhance the stability of the structure, but also effectively control pollution, stabilize the construction environment, improve construction flexibility and facilitate maintenance and management, thereby improving the overall quality of breakwater construction and comprehensive management.

[0005] In order to achieve these objects and other advantages of the present invention, a breakwater construction method is provided, comprising the following steps: S1. Survey the construction sea area to determine the construction area and the type of breakwater to be constructed; S2. According to the type of the breakwater, a bionic breakwater unit is manufactured, each bionic breakwater unit is a hollow independent module, the shell of the module is a rigid body composed of a porous structure of a bionic coral reef, a hydrogel material is embedded in the porous structure, and each hole in the porous structure adopts a gradient void structure, that is, the void at the upper part is large and the void at the lower part is small; S3. A dynamic environmental curtain system is set up around the construction area. The dynamic environmental curtain system includes a plurality of curtain units with movable bottoms. Each curtain unit includes a curtain cloth, a buoy connected to the top of the curtain cloth and arranged on the water surface of the construction area, and a counterweight block connected to the bottom of the curtain cloth through an anchor chain and arranged on the seabed of the construction area. The bottom of the curtain unit is movable by retracting the anchor chain. S4. Determine the foundation type of the breakwater and carry out construction according to the geological and hydrological conditions of the construction sea area; use blocks and concrete to build the breakwater body; after the construction of the breakwater body is completed, install bionic breakwater units on the wave-facing side of the breakwater body to form a multi-level, multi-void protective structure.

[0006] Preferably, it also includes S5, a monitoring step: installing settlement sensors, stress strain sensors, wave pressure sensors and flow rate sensors at key positions of the foundation, embankment and embankment top of the breakwater; setting water quality sensors in the sea area around the breakwater; using drones to conduct regular low-altitude photography, and analyzing the construction progress and quality through image processing; and transmitting the data of the settlement sensors, the stress strain sensors, the wave pressure sensors, the flow rate sensors and the water quality sensors and the drone photography data to the control center in real time.

[0007] Preferably, the S4 is specifically: S401. Use a multi-beam depth sounder and seabed drilling equipment to obtain seabed geological data of the construction sea area; use a current meter and a wave meter to measure the wave height, period, and current speed of the construction sea area; determine the foundation type of the breakwater, which is a riprap foundation, a pile foundation, or a caisson foundation; S402, if it is determined to be a riprap foundation, a riprap ship is used to throw the rubble into the seabed; if a pile foundation is used, a pile-driving ship is used to drive precast concrete piles into the seabed; if a caisson foundation is used, a floating crane is used to install the precast concrete caisson to the seabed; S403, after the foundation construction is completed, the embankment body is built with blocks of stone, and after the block building is completed, the outer layer of the embankment body is built with concrete; S404. After the construction of the embankment is completed, the bionic breakwater units are installed on the wave-facing side of the breakwater, and adjacent bionic breakwater units are connected by high-strength bolts.

[0008] Preferably, the porous structure is prepared by mixing discarded coral skeletons with lightweight ceramsite, adding basalt fiber and modified calcium alginate-sulfoaluminate cement binder; injecting the mixed slurry into a mold to form a matrix with directional pores; performing acid etching on the surface of the matrix to form coral-like pits, and loading Fe in the pits. 3 O 4 Nanoparticles; an artificial seaweed attachment structure is also arranged on the surface of the bionic breakwater unit to attract marine life to inhabit.

[0009] Preferably, the artificial seaweed attachment structure is a bionic seaweed blade, which is strip-shaped or forked, and a microporous structure is arranged on the surface of the bionic seaweed blade. The bionic seaweed blades are arranged in layers on the surface of the bionic breakwater unit, with the upper blades being long and the lower blades being short; the bionic seaweed blades are connected to the surface of the bionic breakwater unit by a flexible connector; wherein the bionic seaweed blades are made of an environmentally friendly polymer material.

[0010] Preferably, the step S3 further comprises the following steps: S301, a modular collection trough is provided at one side of the bottom of the curtain cloth close to the coastline, the collection trough includes a plurality of independent collection units, and adjacent collection units are connected by quick connectors; S302, setting a filter screen at the outlet of the collecting tank, wherein the mesh diameter of the filter screen is 3 mm to 5 mm, and is used to intercept suspended particles; S303, installing a liquid level sensor in the collection tank to monitor the accumulation of suspended matter in real time; installing a flow control valve and a flow sensor on the delivery pipeline to automatically adjust the delivery speed according to the concentration of suspended matter; S304, transporting the suspended matter in the collection tank to a sedimentation tank on the shore through the transport pipeline, wherein the material of the transport pipeline is high-density polyethylene, and a submersible pump is installed on the transport pipeline; S305, setting a multi-stage sedimentation tank in the sedimentation tank, including a primary sedimentation tank, a secondary sedimentation tank and a clear water tank, and setting an inclined plate in the sedimentation tank to increase the sedimentation area; S306. A sludge collecting device is provided at the bottom of the sedimentation tank to transport the precipitated sludge to a dehydration device for dehydration treatment; the dehydrated sludge is used for land reclamation or production of building materials.

[0011] Preferably, in S3, the buoy is made of high-density polyethylene material and filled with closed-cell foam; the bottom of the buoy is fixed to the curtain cloth by a fixed connector; the curtain cloth adopts a multi-layer composite structure, the outer layer away from the coastline is high-strength tensile fiber, the inner layer close to the coastline is microporous filtration material, and the middle layer is a waterproof membrane; a flexible skirt is also provided at the bottom of the curtain cloth; The extension and retraction of the anchor chain is achieved through a mechanical screw system, which includes a screw with one end fixed on the buoy, a nut threadedly connected to the screw, a connecting piece fixedly connected to the nut, and a motor drive structure for driving the screw to rotate, wherein the connecting piece is movably connected to the anchor chain, and the screw rotates to drive the nut to move up and down, thereby adjusting the length of the anchor chain to adjust the horizontal position of the curtain unit, and a tension sensor is provided at the connection between the anchor chain and the curtain cloth to monitor the tension of the anchor chain in real time and feed back the data to the control system; A flow rate sensor and a direction sensor are installed on the buoy to monitor the speed and direction of the ocean current in real time, and transmit the data to the control center; the control center generates an adjustment instruction according to the transmitted data, and adjusts the position of the curtain unit through the mechanical screw system.

[0012] Preferably, after the foundation construction is completed, the embankment body is built with blocks of stone, and after the block building is completed, the outer layer of the embankment body is built with concrete, specifically: A. After the foundation construction is completed, lay the sand and gravel cushion layer and compact it with a flat vibrator; B. Use layered masonry method to build blocks of stone, with each layer height of 0.5m-1m and block size of 500mm-800mm; C. Fill the gaps between the stones with small-sized gravel, with a size of 20 mm to 50 mm, and compact the gravel with a hammer or vibrating rod; D. After the block masonry is completed, the slope of the embankment is trimmed and the formwork for the outer layer of concrete is installed; E. Use layered pouring method to pour concrete.

[0013] Preferably, the hydrogel material is polyacrylamide or polyvinyl alcohol with a water content of 70%-90%, wherein a physical protective coating is coated on the outer layer of the hydrogel material of the bionic breakwater unit, and the physical protective coating is a polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

[0014] Preferably, the type of the breakwater is a slope breakwater, a vertical breakwater or a mixed breakwater.

[0015] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: First, survey the construction sea area before construction, and determine the type and foundation type of the breakwater according to the geological and hydrological conditions. This will enable the breakwater to better adapt to different sea environments. For example, riprap foundation is suitable for softer foundations, pile foundation is suitable for areas with higher bearing capacity requirements, and caisson foundation is suitable for situations that require rapid construction and high stability requirements, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the breakwater under different sea conditions and improving its ability to resist the impact of waves.

[0016] Second, the bionic coral reef porous structure and gradient void structure of the bionic breakwater unit can effectively disperse and consume wave energy. The large voids in the upper part reduce the initial impact of the waves, and the small voids in the lower part further block the remaining energy, reducing the impact on the area behind the breakwater. The rigid body of the shell and the embedded hydrogel material work together. The shell bears the impact of the waves. The hydrogel material buffers the stress by flowing and deforming when impacted, reducing the risk of structural damage and extending the service life of the bionic breakwater unit. Therefore, the two work together to improve the overall structural stability of the bionic breakwater unit and extend its service life. The bionic coral reef porous structure simulates the habitat of marine organisms, provides a place for marine organisms to attach and live, attracts fish, shrimp, shellfish and other organisms to gather, helps the reproduction and growth of marine organisms, promotes the restoration of marine ecosystems and the increase of biodiversity, and improves the eco-friendliness of breakwaters.

[0017] Third, the multi-layer structure of the curtain cloth of the dynamic environmental protection curtain system can effectively intercept the suspended matter generated by construction. The outer high-strength material ensures the strength of the curtain cloth, the inner microporous material filters tiny particles, and the middle waterproof membrane prevents the spread of pollutants, protecting the marine ecological environment outside the construction area. The bottom of the curtain unit is movable and can be flexibly adjusted according to the construction progress and sea conditions, improving construction flexibility and reducing the scouring and disturbance of the construction area by water flow. The porous structure of the bionic breakwater unit made of discarded coral skeletons realizes the resource utilization of waste, reduces the exploitation of new resources, and reduces damage to the environment. The bionic coral reef porous structure of the bionic breakwater unit provides marine organisms with attachment and habitats, attracts marine organisms to gather, helps the reproduction and growth of marine organisms, and promotes the restoration of marine ecosystems and the increase of biodiversity. The artificial seaweed attachment structure further simulates the ecological environment of natural seaweed beds, provides more different types of habitats for marine organisms, improves the hatching rate of fish eggs, and promotes the reproduction of marine organisms.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the breakwater construction method of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a side structural diagram of the dynamic environmental protection curtain system; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the mechanical screw system; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the connection between the anchor chain and the nut in the mechanical screw system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0021] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0022] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified; in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected, set, or detachably connected, set, or connected and set in one piece. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific circumstances. The orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a breakwater construction method, comprising the following steps: S1. Survey the construction sea area and determine the type of breakwater to be constructed.

[0024] Among them, the types of breakwaters generally include slope breakwaters, vertical breakwaters, and mixed breakwaters. Before construction, a comprehensive survey of the sea area is required to determine the type of breakwater. Multi-beam echo sounders (such as Reson7125) and seabed drilling equipment (such as Atlas Copco XC150) can be used to obtain seabed geological data, and current meters (such as NortekAquadopp) and wave meters (such as AWAC) can be used to measure wave height, period, and current speed. According to geological conditions (such as sandy or rocky seabeds) and hydrological parameters, slope, vertical or mixed breakwaters can be selected. Specifically, when facing a sandy seabed, due to its relatively weak bearing capacity, if the waves are small and the current speed is not large, slope breakwaters can be given priority. If the seabed is rocky and has good bearing capacity, and is facing the impact of large waves and strong currents, vertical breakwaters are more suitable. In some complex geological and hydrological environments, such as a seabed with a mixture of sand and rock, or when waves and currents are complex and changeable, hybrid breakwaters become a better choice. Hybrid breakwaters combine the advantages of sloped and upright types. The lower part can adopt a sloped structure to adapt to the weaker foundation part, and the upper part adopts an upright structure to enhance the wave-breaking ability. The specific combination ratio will be designed according to the actual geological and hydrological data. For example, the lower slope part accounts for 30%-50% of the total height. Accurate calculations are used to ensure that the breakwater performs at its best in complex environments.

[0025] S2. According to the type of the breakwater, a bionic breakwater unit is manufactured, each bionic breakwater unit is a hollow independent module, the shell of the module is a rigid body composed of a bionic coral reef porous structure, a hydrogel material is embedded in the porous structure, and each hole in the porous structure adopts a gradient void structure, that is, the upper void is large and the lower void is small.

[0026] Wherein, the hydrogel material is polyacrylamide or polyvinyl alcohol, and the water content is 70%-90%. Wherein, a physical protective coating is coated on the outer layer of the hydrogel material of the bionic breakwater unit, and the physical protective coating is a polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

[0027] The porous structure is prepared by mixing discarded coral skeletons with lightweight ceramsite, adding basalt fiber and modified calcium alginate-sulfoaluminate cement binder; injecting the mixed slurry into a mold to form a matrix with directional pores; performing acid etching on the surface of the matrix to form coral-like pits, and loading Fe in the pits. 3 O 4 Nanoparticles.

[0028] In the above steps, the method for making the bionic coral reef porous structure is as follows: discarded coral skeletons with a particle size of 5-20 mm and lightweight ceramsite with a porosity of ≥60% are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1, and basalt fibers with a dosage of 2-3wt% and a length of 10-15 mm and modified calcium alginate-sulfoaluminate cement binder are added; the mixture is formed by freeze casting: after the mixed slurry is injected into the mold, the temperature is gradually reduced to -40°C at a rate of 2°C / min to form a matrix with directional pores, wherein the main channel has a diameter of 200-500μm and the branch channel has a diameter of 50-100μm; the surface of the matrix is ​​acid-etched to form a coral-like pit with a depth of 100-300nm, and 20-50nm of Fe is loaded in the pit. 3 O 4 Nanoparticles. By using discarded coral skeletons with a particle size of 5-20mm as raw materials, the resource recycling of waste is realized. Discarded coral skeletons may have been regarded as marine garbage. Through this production method, they are transformed into key components of bionic coral reef porous structures, reducing the exploitation of new resources and reducing damage to the environment. The bionic coral reef porous structure simulates real coral reefs, providing a suitable habitat and breeding place for marine life. The directional pore structure with a main channel diameter of 200-500μm, a branch channel of 50-100μm, and a depth of 100-300nm of simulated coral pits create a diverse living space for marine life of different types and sizes, attracting marine life to attach and live, and promoting the increase of marine biodiversity. 20-50nm Fe is loaded in the pits 3 O 4 Nanoparticles can attract some microorganisms that need iron, which helps the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, thereby enriching the food chain in the marine ecosystem. The discarded coral skeletons were mixed with lightweight ceramsite with a porosity of ≥60% in a mass ratio of 3:1, and basalt fibers with a length of 10-15mm and a doping ratio of 2-3wt% were added to improve the comprehensive performance of the porous structure. The high porosity of lightweight ceramsite helps to reduce the weight of the structure without reducing its strength; the addition of basalt fibers enhances the toughness and tensile strength of the material, making the porous structure of bionic coral reefs less likely to break or be damaged when subjected to external forces such as wave impact, thereby improving the stability and durability of the structure. The surface of the substrate is acid-etched to form coral-like pits, which increases the surface roughness. This is not only conducive to the attachment of marine organisms, but also improves the anti-scouring ability of the structure to a certain extent.

[0029] The bionic breakwater unit is designed as a hollow independent module, which not only reduces the overall weight and facilitates transportation and installation, but also reduces the amount of materials used and reduces costs to a certain extent. The hollow structure can be filled with hydrogel materials with a buffering effect to further enhance its stability under the impact of waves. The size of each bionic breakwater unit is customized according to the scale and design requirements of the actual breakwater. For example, the length is 2-5 meters, and the width and height are between 1-3 meters to ensure that it can effectively resist the impact of waves of different sizes.

[0030] The shell of the module adopts a bionic coral reef porous structure. This structure increases the contact area with the waves by imitating the shape and pore distribution of natural coral reefs, thereby more effectively dispersing the wave energy. Each hole in the porous structure adopts a gradient void structure, with large voids in the upper part and small voids in the lower part. The larger voids in the upper part allow part of the water to pass through the waves at the initial stage of impact, which plays a role in initially reducing the impact of the waves; the smaller voids in the lower part can further block the remaining wave energy and prevent the waves from causing too much impact on the area behind the breakwater. The size and shape of each hole have also been carefully designed. The diameter of the upper pore is generally 5-10 cm, and the diameter of the lower pore is 2-5 cm. The shape of the pore is irregularly circular or elliptical to simulate the pore structure of real coral reefs.

[0031] The hydrogel material can be polyacrylamide or polyvinyl alcohol. If polyacrylamide hydrogel is selected, its water content is controlled at 75% - 85%, and if polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel is selected, the water content is controlled at 70% - 90%. A layer of polytetrafluoroethylene coating is applied to the outer layer of the hydrogel material of the bionic breakwater unit, and the coating thickness is controlled between 0.5-1 mm. The polytetrafluoroethylene coating has good corrosion resistance, low friction coefficient and waterproofness. It can not only protect the hydrogel material from seawater erosion and extend its service life, but also reduce the friction resistance when the waves hit, further optimizing the wave-breaking effect.

[0032] It should also be noted that due to the different types of breakwaters, the independent modules of the manufactured bionic breakwater units will be slightly different. For sloped breakwaters, the bionic breakwater unit needs to be designed into a shape that is more suitable for the slope structure, and a larger bottom support area is required to ensure stability on the slope. Since the sloped breakwater needs to withstand wave impacts from different angles, the porous structure of the bionic breakwater unit can be distributed in multiple directions to better disperse the wave energy. For upright breakwaters, the bionic breakwater unit needs to be designed into a shape that is more suitable for the upright structure, and a higher vertical height is required to cope with the wave impact of the upright breakwater. Upright breakwaters usually face more direct wave impacts, so the porous structure of the bionic breakwater unit needs to be denser in the vertical direction to enhance impact resistance. Therefore, for different types of breakwaters, the position of the porous structure of the independent module of the bionic breakwater unit will be different, which can be specifically set according to needs.

[0033] S3. A dynamic environmental curtain system is set up around the construction area. The dynamic environmental curtain system includes multiple curtain units with movable bottoms. Each curtain unit includes a curtain cloth 1, a buoy 2 connected to the top of the curtain cloth and set on the water surface of the construction area, and a counterweight block 3 connected to the bottom of the curtain cloth 1 through an anchor chain 4 and set on the seabed of the construction area. The bottom of the curtain unit can be moved by the extension and retraction of the anchor chain. Figure 2 shown.

[0034] Wherein, the S3 further specifically includes the following steps: S301, a modular collection trough is provided at one side of the bottom of the curtain cloth close to the coastline, the collection trough includes a plurality of independent collection units, and adjacent collection units are connected by quick connectors; S302, setting a filter screen at the outlet of the collecting tank, wherein the mesh diameter of the filter screen is 3 mm to 5 mm, and is used to intercept suspended particles; S303, installing a liquid level sensor in the collection tank to monitor the accumulation of suspended matter in real time; installing a flow control valve and a flow sensor on the delivery pipeline to automatically adjust the delivery speed according to the concentration of suspended matter; S304, transporting the suspended matter in the collection tank to a sedimentation tank on the shore through the transport pipeline, wherein the material of the transport pipeline is high-density polyethylene, and a submersible pump is installed on the transport pipeline; S305, setting a multi-stage sedimentation tank in the sedimentation tank, including a primary sedimentation tank, a secondary sedimentation tank and a clear water tank, and setting an inclined plate in the sedimentation tank to increase the sedimentation area; S306. A sludge collecting device is provided at the bottom of the sedimentation tank to transport the precipitated sludge to a dehydration device for dehydration treatment; the dehydrated sludge is used for land reclamation or production of building materials.

[0035] Specifically, in S3, the buoy 2 is made of high-density polyethylene material and filled with closed-cell foam. The bottom of the buoy 2 is fixed to the curtain cloth 1 through a fixed connector. The curtain cloth 1 adopts a multi-layer composite structure, the outer layer away from the coastline is a high-strength tensile fiber, the inner layer close to the coastline is a microporous filter material, and the middle layer is a waterproof membrane. A flexible skirt 5 is also provided at the bottom of the curtain cloth 1. The extension and retraction of the anchor chain 4 is achieved through a mechanical screw system, which includes a screw 6 with one end fixed on the buoy 2, a nut 7 threadedly connected to the screw 6, a connector 13 fixedly connected to the nut 7, and a motor drive structure 8 for driving the screw 6 to rotate, wherein the connector 13 is movably connected to the anchor chain 4, and the screw 6 rotates to drive the nut 7 to move up and down, thereby adjusting the length of the anchor chain 4 to adjust the horizontal position of the curtain unit, and a tension sensor is provided at the connection between the anchor chain and the curtain cloth to monitor the tension of the anchor chain in real time and feed the data back to the control system; A flow rate sensor and a direction sensor are installed on the buoy to monitor the speed and direction of the ocean current in real time, and transmit the data to the control center; the control center generates an adjustment instruction according to the transmitted data, and adjusts the position of the curtain unit through the mechanical screw system.

[0036] In the above steps, the buoy is made of high-density polyethylene material and is integrally formed by injection molding or blow molding to ensure structural strength and sealing. The interior is filled with closed-cell foam, such as polyurethane closed-cell foam, which has moderate density, large buoyancy and water resistance. A plurality of fixed connector installation positions are pre-set at the bottom of the buoy, and the fixed connector with a matching connection hole at the bottom is firmly installed on the bottom of the buoy by bolts or welding made of stainless steel. The high-strength tensile fiber outer layer of the curtain cloth can be woven with aramid fiber, which has strong tensile resistance. The inner microporous filter material near the coastline selects polypropylene microporous filter membrane, and the filtration accuracy can reach micron level. The middle layer waterproof membrane is made of polyethylene material and is tightly combined with the inner and outer layers through a hot pressing bonding process. A connecting ring corresponding to the fixed connector at the bottom of the buoy is sewn on the top edge of the curtain cloth. When in use, the connecting ring is put on the fixed connector and then tightened with a nut to achieve a stable connection between the buoy and the curtain cloth. At the same time, a circle of flexible skirt is sewn at the bottom edge of the curtain cloth. The flexible skirt is made of rubber or silicone material and has good flexibility and sealing properties, which can prevent suspended matter from passing through the bottom of the curtain cloth.

[0037] like Figure 3~4As shown, for the mechanical screw system, the screw 6 and the nut 7 can be made of high-strength alloy steel. In order to adapt to the corrosion resistance of the ocean, the surfaces of the screw 6 and the nut 7 can be hot-dip galvanized or nickel-plated, or stainless steel or titanium alloy materials can be used. The surface of the screw 6 is precisely machined, and the thread precision is high. The guide rod 9 is used to guide the nut 7. For the motor drive structure 8, it includes a reduction box, a coupling and a motor. The screw 6 is indirectly connected to the motor output shaft through the reduction box and the coupling. The power generated by the operation of the motor is first transmitted to the reduction box through the coupling. The reduction box reduces the high speed output by the motor and increases the torque. Then, the power is transmitted to the screw 6 through a key connection to drive the screw 7 to rotate. The nut 7 is precisely matched with the screw 6, and the material is also high-strength alloy steel. The connector 13 includes a connector mounting seat 10, a U-shaped connector 11 and a connecting shackle 12. The connector mounting seat 10 is welded on the side of the nut 7. The U-shaped connector 11 is made of stainless steel. One end is fixed to the connector mounting seat 10 on the nut through a pin shaft, and the other end is provided with a connecting hole connected to the connecting shackle 12. The connecting shackle 12 can be used to connect the anchor chain 4 to the U-shaped connector 11. One end of the connecting shackle 12 passes through the connecting hole of the U-shaped connector 11 and is fixed, while the anchor chain passes through the annular part of the connecting shackle 12. This connection method can ensure that the anchor chain 4 is reliably connected to the connector 13. The motor drive structure includes a motor, a reduction gearbox and a coupling. The motor is a waterproof and corrosion-resistant DC motor, which is fixed to the motor mounting frame on the top of the buoy by bolts. The reduction gearbox is connected to the motor output shaft through a coupling, and the reduction gearbox output shaft is connected to the screw through a key to achieve efficient transmission of the motor torque and speed regulation. When the control center issues an instruction to adjust the horizontal position of the curtain unit, the control system starts the motor drive structure. The motor runs and drives the reduction box to work through the coupling. After the reduction box reduces the speed and increases the torque, it drives the screw to rotate. Since the nut is threadedly connected to the screw, the rotation of the screw drives the nut to move up and down along the axis of the screw. The movement of the nut is transmitted to the anchor chain through the connector, thereby realizing the extension and retraction of the anchor chain and adjusting the horizontal position of the curtain unit. Since the structure of the screw, nut, and motor drive mechanism is a common structure, it will not be described in detail here. A tension sensor is installed at the connection between the anchor chain and the curtain cloth. The tension sensor adopts the strain gauge principle and is tightly fixed to the connection part through a special installation fixture to monitor the tension of the anchor chain in real time. A flow sensor and a direction sensor are installed on the side of the buoy. The flow sensor adopts electromagnetic or ultrasonic type, and the direction sensor adopts electronic compass type. Both are connected to the control center through waterproof cables to transmit the monitored sea current speed and direction data to the control center in real time. The control center receives data from the flow sensor, direction sensor and tension sensor, and analyzes and processes them. When the sea current speed, direction changes or the anchor chain tension exceeds the preset range, the control center generates an adjustment instruction and sends it to the control system through the wireless communication module.The control system controls the forward and reverse rotation and speed of the motor drive structure according to the instructions, realizes the precise control of the mechanical screw system, and thus adjusts the position of the curtain unit so that it is always in the best working state. Among them, the counterweight block is located on the side away from the coastline, and the curtain cloth is located on the side close to the coastline.

[0038] A modular collection tank is set on the side of the bottom of the curtain close to the coastline. The delivery pipeline is connected to the outlet of the collection tank. A filter screen is set at the outlet of the collection tank to intercept suspended particles. A liquid level sensor is installed in the collection tank to monitor the liquid level changes caused by the accumulation of suspended particles in the tank in real time. When the liquid level rises to a certain level, it indicates that the suspended particles have accumulated to a certain amount. The liquid level sensor transmits a signal to the control center. After receiving the liquid level sensor signal, the control center starts the submersible pump on the delivery pipeline. The suction generated by the submersible pump causes the water in the collection tank to flow to the delivery pipeline. Driven by the water flow, the medium suspended particles intercepted by the filter screen will be partially redispersed at the mesh under the scouring action of the water flow, follow the water flow through the mesh, and enter the delivery pipeline. Since the mesh diameter is 3 mm-5 mm, under the continuous action of the water flow, the suspended particles that meet the mesh size have the opportunity to enter the delivery pipeline again. The collection tank body can adopt the existing technology, install a liquid level sensor in the collection tank, and install a flow control valve and a flow sensor on the delivery pipeline, which can monitor the accumulation of suspended particles in real time and automatically adjust the delivery speed according to the concentration of suspended particles. This not only improves the efficiency of suspended matter collection and transportation, but also avoids problems such as pipeline blockage or untimely transportation caused by improper transportation speed, ensures the stable operation of the entire treatment process, reduces the cost of manual intervention, and improves the automation of the system. Multi-stage sedimentation tanks and inclined plates are set up in the sedimentation tank to increase the sedimentation area, improve the sedimentation effect, and enable the suspended matter to settle more fully. At the same time, the precipitated sludge is collected and dehydrated, and the dehydrated sludge is used for land reclamation or making building materials, realizing the recycling of resources, reducing the discharge of waste, with good economic and environmental benefits, and reducing the negative impact of construction on the environment. The collection tank adopts a modular design, and adjacent collection units are connected by quick connectors for easy installation, disassembly and maintenance. When a collection unit needs to be replaced or repaired, there is no need to make large-scale changes to the entire curtain system, which reduces the difficulty and cost of maintenance, improves the convenience of construction and the reliability of the system, and ensures that the dynamic environmental protection curtain system can operate stably for a long time.

[0039] S4. Determine the foundation type of the breakwater and carry out construction according to the geological and hydrological conditions of the construction sea area; use blocks and concrete to build the breakwater body; after the construction of the breakwater body is completed, install bionic breakwater units on the wave-facing side of the breakwater body to form a multi-level, multi-void protective structure.

[0040] Wherein, the S4 is specifically: S401. Use a multi-beam depth sounder and seabed drilling equipment to obtain seabed geological data of the construction sea area; use a current meter and a wave meter to measure the wave height, period, and current speed of the construction sea area; determine the foundation type of the breakwater, which is a riprap foundation, a pile foundation, or a caisson foundation; S402, if it is determined to be a riprap foundation, a riprap ship is used to throw the rubble into the seabed; if a pile foundation is used, a pile-driving ship is used to drive precast concrete piles into the seabed; if a caisson foundation is used, a floating crane is used to install the precast concrete caisson to the seabed; S403, after the foundation construction is completed, the embankment body is built with blocks of stone, and after the block building is completed, the outer layer of the embankment body is built with concrete; S404. After the construction of the embankment is completed, the bionic breakwater units are installed on the wave-facing side of the breakwater, and adjacent bionic breakwater units are connected by high-strength bolts.

[0041] Specifically, after the foundation construction is completed, the embankment body is built with blocks of stone, and after the block masonry is completed, the outer layer of the embankment body is built with concrete, specifically: A. After the foundation construction is completed, lay the sand and gravel cushion layer and compact it with a flat vibrator; B. Use layered masonry method to build blocks of stone, with each layer height of 0.5m-1m and block size of 500mm-800mm; C. Fill the gaps between the stones with small-sized gravel, with a size of 20 mm to 50 mm, and compact the gravel with a hammer or vibrating rod; D. After the block masonry is completed, the slope of the embankment is trimmed and the formwork for the outer layer of concrete is installed; E. Use layered pouring method to pour concrete.

[0042] In the above steps, corresponding construction methods are provided for different foundation types, such as riprap by riprap, pile driving by pile driving, and installation of caissons by floating cranes. These methods are mature and efficient, and can ensure the quality and efficiency of foundation construction and meet the construction requirements under different geological and hydrological conditions. The embankment body adopts a combination of block masonry and concrete outer layer masonry. First, the sand and gravel cushion layer is laid and compacted to provide a stable base for the embankment body; the blocks are laid in layers and the height and particle size of each layer are controlled to ensure the integrity and strength of the embankment body; the crushed stones are filled in the gaps between the blocks and compacted to further enhance the compactness of the embankment body; finally, the outer layer of concrete is poured to improve the embankment body's ability to resist scouring and wave impact, and extend the service life of the breakwater. The bionic breakwater unit is installed on the wave-facing surface of the embankment body to form a multi-level and multi-void protective structure, which can not only effectively reduce wave energy and reduce the impact of waves on the breakwater, but also has certain ecological functions, which is conducive to the habitat and reproduction of marine life. Adjacent bionic breakwater units are connected by high-strength bolts, which facilitate installation and disassembly and also ensure the firmness of the connection.

[0043] In one specific embodiment, it also includes S5, a monitoring step: installing settlement sensors, stress strain sensors, wave pressure sensors and flow rate sensors at key positions of the foundation, embankment and embankment top of the breakwater; setting water quality sensors in the sea area around the breakwater; using drones to conduct regular low-altitude flight photography, and analyzing construction progress and quality through image processing; and transmitting data from the settlement sensors, the stress strain sensors, the wave pressure sensors, the flow rate sensors and the water quality sensors and drone photography data to a control center in real time.

[0044] In the above-mentioned implementation, settlement sensors, stress strain sensors and wave pressure sensors are installed at the key parts of the foundation, embankment and embankment top of the breakwater, so that the settlement, force and wave pressure of the breakwater during construction and use can be obtained in real time, and potential structural safety hazards such as excessive foundation settlement and abnormal embankment stress can be discovered in time, so as to take corresponding measures to deal with them and ensure the stability and safety of the breakwater. By installing flow velocity sensors and setting water quality sensors in the surrounding sea areas, the sea current speed and water quality changes can be monitored in real time. This helps to understand the scouring effect of water flow on the breakwater and the impact on the water quality of the surrounding sea areas during construction, and provides data support for the adjustment of the protective measures of the breakwater and environmental protection. Using drones to regularly take low-altitude photos and analyze the construction progress and quality through image processing can quickly and intuitively grasp the overall construction situation, and timely discover problems in the construction, such as irregular embankment masonry and deviation in the installation of breakwater units, so as to facilitate timely adjustment of the construction plan and ensure that the construction progress and quality meet the requirements. Data from various sensors and drone footage are transmitted to the control center in real time, allowing managers to obtain comprehensive monitoring information in a timely manner, conduct analysis and make decisions based on these data, achieve refined management of breakwater construction and operation, and improve management efficiency and scientificity.

[0045] In one specific embodiment, an artificial seaweed attachment structure is also provided on the surface of the bionic breakwater unit to attract marine life to inhabit.

[0046] Specifically, the artificial seaweed attachment structure is a bionic seaweed blade, which is strip-shaped or forked. A microporous structure is arranged on the surface of the bionic seaweed blade, and the bionic seaweed blades are arranged in layers on the surface of the bionic breakwater unit, with the upper blades being long and the lower blades being short. The bionic seaweed blades are connected to the surface of the bionic breakwater unit through a flexible connector. The bionic seaweed blades are made of an environmentally friendly polymer material.

[0047] In the above-mentioned embodiment, the bionic seaweed blades are designed to be ribbon-shaped or forked, which simulates the shape of natural seaweed and can better integrate into the marine environment. The ribbon-shaped blades can provide a larger surface area, while the forked blades increase the complexity of the structure, providing more different types of habitats for marine life. A microporous structure is arranged on the surface of the bionic seaweed blades, and the diameter of these micropores can be designed according to the type of marine life to be attracted, preferably between tens of microns and several millimeters. For example, for small shellfish and microorganisms, the micropore diameter can be 50-200 microns; for small fish and shrimp, the micropore diameter can be appropriately increased to 1-5 mm. The microporous structure not only provides an attachment point for marine life, but also forms a tiny water vortex when the water flows through, which is conducive to the retention and aggregation of marine life. The bionic seaweed blades are arranged in layers on the surface of the bionic breakwater unit, with long upper blades and short lower blades. The longer blades on the upper layer can swing with the water flow in the seawater, attracting the attention of distant marine life, and providing shelter for some plankton and small fish; the shorter blades on the lower layer are closer to the surface of the breakwater unit, providing a place for some benthic organisms to live and attach. The spacing between each layer of blades can be adjusted according to the blade length and water flow conditions, preferably between 10-30 cm. The bionic seaweed blades are connected to the surface of the bionic breakwater unit through a flexible connector. The flexible connector can be made of high-strength rubber or flexible plastic material, and its length and flexibility are specially designed to ensure that the bionic seaweed blades can swing freely under the action of water flow and ensure a firm connection. For example, the length of the connector is 5-15 cm, the tensile strength is greater than 10MPa, and the elongation at break is greater than 300%. In this way, when waves and currents hit, the bionic seaweed blades can adapt to changes in water flow and reduce the risk of damage caused by rigid connections. Bionic seaweed blades are made of environmentally friendly polymer materials, such as degradable polylactic acid (PLA) or polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), etc. These materials can be slowly degraded in the marine environment and will not cause long-term environmental pollution like traditional plastics. At the same time, they have good mechanical properties and can meet the requirements of use in the marine environment.

[0048] In summary, artificial seaweed attachment structures provide a rich and diverse habitat for marine life, attracting a large number of different types of marine life, including plankton, small fish and shrimp, shellfish and microorganisms, etc., which helps to restore and rebuild the marine ecosystem destroyed by human activities and promote the increase of biodiversity. The layered arrangement and microporous structure of bionic seaweed leaves simulate the ecological environment of natural seaweed beds, providing a suitable breeding and hatching place for marine life. For example, some fish can lay eggs between leaves, and the microporous structure can protect the fish eggs from external interference, improve the hatching rate of fish eggs, and thus promote the reproduction of marine life.

[0049] The number of devices and processing scales described here are used to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0050] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes, and they can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A breakwater construction method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Survey the construction sea area to determine the construction area and the type of breakwater to be constructed; S2. According to the type of the breakwater, a bionic breakwater unit is manufactured, each bionic breakwater unit is a hollow independent module, the shell of the module is a rigid body composed of a porous structure of a bionic coral reef, a hydrogel material is embedded in the porous structure, and each hole in the porous structure adopts a gradient void structure, that is, the void at the upper part is large and the void at the lower part is small; S3. A dynamic environmental curtain system is set up around the construction area. The dynamic environmental curtain system includes a plurality of curtain units with movable bottoms. Each curtain unit includes a curtain cloth, a buoy connected to the top of the curtain cloth and arranged on the water surface of the construction area, and a counterweight block connected to the bottom of the curtain cloth through an anchor chain and arranged on the seabed of the construction area. The bottom of the curtain unit is movable by retracting the anchor chain. S4. Determine the foundation type of the breakwater and carry out construction according to the geological and hydrological conditions of the construction sea area; use blocks and concrete to build the breakwater body; after the construction of the breakwater body is completed, install bionic breakwater units on the wave-facing side of the breakwater body to form a multi-level, multi-void protective structure.

2. The breakwater construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes S5, monitoring steps: installing settlement sensors, stress strain sensors, wave pressure sensors and flow rate sensors at key positions of the foundation, embankment and embankment top of the breakwater; setting water quality sensors in the sea area around the breakwater; using drones to conduct regular low-altitude flight photography, and analyzing construction progress and quality through image processing; and transmitting data from the settlement sensors, stress strain sensors, wave pressure sensors, flow rate sensors and water quality sensors and drone photography data to a control center in real time.

3. The breakwater construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 is specifically: S401. Use a multi-beam depth sounder and seabed drilling equipment to obtain seabed geological data of the construction sea area; use a current meter and a wave meter to measure the wave height, period, and current speed of the construction sea area; determine the foundation type of the breakwater, which is a riprap foundation, a pile foundation, or a caisson foundation; S402, if it is determined to be a riprap foundation, a riprap ship is used to throw the rubble into the seabed; if a pile foundation is used, a pile-driving ship is used to drive precast concrete piles into the seabed; if a caisson foundation is used, a floating crane is used to install the precast concrete caisson to the seabed; S403, after the foundation construction is completed, the embankment body is built with blocks of stone, and after the block building is completed, the outer layer of the embankment body is built with concrete; S404. After the construction of the embankment is completed, the bionic breakwater units are installed on the wave-facing side of the breakwater, and adjacent bionic breakwater units are connected by high-strength bolts.

4. The breakwater construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for making the porous structure is as follows: mixing discarded coral skeletons with lightweight ceramsite, adding basalt fiber and modified calcium alginate-sulfoaluminate cement binder; injecting the mixed slurry into a mold to form a matrix with directional pores; performing acid etching on the surface of the matrix to form coral-like pits, and loading Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the pits; and providing an artificial seaweed attachment structure on the surface of the bionic breakwater unit to attract marine life to inhabit.

5. The breakwater construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The artificial seaweed attachment structure is a bionic seaweed blade, which is in a strip or fork shape. A microporous structure is arranged on the surface of the bionic seaweed blade, and the bionic seaweed blades are arranged in layers on the surface of the bionic breakwater unit, with the upper blades being long and the lower blades being short. The bionic seaweed blades are connected to the surface of the bionic breakwater unit through a flexible connector. The bionic seaweed blades are made of an environmentally friendly polymer material.

6. The breakwater construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 further specifically includes the following steps: S301, a modular collection trough is provided at one side of the bottom of the curtain cloth close to the coastline, the collection trough includes a plurality of independent collection units, and adjacent collection units are connected by quick connectors; S302, setting a filter screen at the outlet of the collecting tank, wherein the mesh diameter of the filter screen is 3 mm to 5 mm, and is used to intercept suspended particles; S303, installing a liquid level sensor in the collection tank to monitor the accumulation of suspended matter in real time; installing a flow control valve and a flow sensor on the delivery pipeline to automatically adjust the delivery speed according to the concentration of suspended matter; S304, transporting the suspended matter in the collection tank to a sedimentation tank on the shore through the transport pipeline, wherein the material of the transport pipeline is high-density polyethylene, and a submersible pump is installed on the transport pipeline; S305, setting a multi-stage sedimentation tank in the sedimentation tank, including a primary sedimentation tank, a secondary sedimentation tank and a clear water tank, and setting an inclined plate in the sedimentation tank to increase the sedimentation area; S306, setting a sludge collection device at the bottom of the sedimentation tank to transport the precipitated sludge to a dehydration device for dehydration treatment; The dewatered sludge is used for land reclamation or making construction materials.

7. The breakwater construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the buoy is made of high-density polyethylene material and filled with closed-cell foam. The bottom of the buoy is fixed to the curtain cloth by a fixed connector. The curtain cloth adopts a multi-layer composite structure, the outer layer away from the coastline is high-strength tensile fiber, the inner layer close to the coastline is microporous filtration material, and the middle layer is a waterproof membrane. A flexible skirt is also provided at the bottom of the curtain cloth. The extension and retraction of the anchor chain is achieved through a mechanical screw system, which includes a screw with one end fixed on the buoy, a nut threadedly connected to the screw, a connecting piece fixedly connected to the nut, and a motor drive structure for driving the screw to rotate, wherein the connecting piece is movably connected to the anchor chain, and the screw rotates to drive the nut to move up and down, thereby adjusting the length of the anchor chain to adjust the horizontal position of the curtain unit, and a tension sensor is provided at the connection between the anchor chain and the curtain cloth to monitor the tension of the anchor chain in real time and feed back the data to the control system; A flow rate sensor and a direction sensor are installed on the buoy to monitor the speed and direction of the ocean current in real time, and transmit the data to the control center; the control center generates an adjustment instruction according to the transmitted data, and adjusts the position of the curtain unit through the mechanical screw system.

8. The breakwater construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: After the foundation construction is completed, the embankment body is built with blocks of stone. After the block masonry is completed, the outer layer of the embankment body is built with concrete, specifically: A. After the foundation construction is completed, lay the sand and gravel cushion layer and compact it with a flat vibrator; B. Use layered masonry method to build blocks of stone, with each layer height of 0.5m-1m and block size of 500mm-800mm; C. Fill the gaps between the stones with small-sized gravel, with a size of 20 mm to 50 mm, and compact the gravel with a hammer or vibrating rod; D. After the block masonry is completed, the slope of the embankment is trimmed and the formwork for the outer layer of concrete is installed; E. Use layered pouring method to pour concrete.

9. The breakwater construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogel material is polyacrylamide or polyvinyl alcohol, and the water content is 70%-90%. A physical protective coating is coated on the outer layer of the hydrogel material of the bionic breakwater unit, and the physical protective coating is a polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

10. The breakwater construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The type of the breakwater is a slope breakwater, a vertical breakwater or a mixed breakwater.

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