Multi-stage buffer modular device adapting to water surface change and using method of multi-stage buffer modular device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of icebreaking devices, and particularly discloses a multistage buffer modular device adapting to water surface changes and a using method thereof.The multistage buffer modular device is applied to an offshore pile body and comprises a mounting sleeve, an annular floating frame and a plurality of buffer modules, and the mounting sleeve is fixed to the pile body in a sleeving mode; the annular floating frame surrounds the mounting sleeve and is configured to float up and down relative to the mounting sleeve, the multiple buffer modules are positioned on the annular floating frame and arranged around the mounting sleeve, and each buffer module comprises a first buffer layer and a second buffer layer; an energy absorption space is reserved between the inner diameter side of the first buffer layer and the mounting sleeve, the outer diameter side of the first buffer layer is in damping connection with the annular floating frame, the inner diameter side of the second buffer layer is in contact with the first buffer layer, and an icebreaking structure is elastically mounted on the outer diameter side of the second buffer layer; wherein the first buffer layer can displace and / or deform towards the energy absorption space to drive the damping to dissipate the kinetic energy, and by means of the device, the influence of ice-induced vibration on the main body structure of the offshore pile body can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ice-breaking devices, and in particular to a multi-stage buffer modular device adaptable to water surface changes and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Among various marine environmental loads, the impact of floating sea ice is considered one of the most significant threats to the structural safety of offshore platforms. Frequent winter sea ice disasters, particularly in my country's Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea, severely impact the operational safety of offshore facilities. Sea ice, driven by wind and currents, constantly moves, generating dynamic loads that can easily cause platforms and similar structures to sway and even capsize, posing a significant safety hazard.

[0003] Because sea ice inherently possesses strong compressive bearing capacity but weak bending capacity, icebreaker cone structures are currently widely used in marine engineering to reduce sea ice loads and enhance the platform's ice resistance. Existing icebreaker cones primarily rely on squeezing and destroying floating ice to achieve their icebreaking effect. However, this structure still suffers from the following issues: when the cone angle is too large, the icebreaking effect is poor. When the angle is too small, floating ice can easily accumulate, affecting the overall safety and operational efficiency of the platform structure, resulting in serious economic losses and waste of resources. Furthermore, this type of icebreaker structure cannot address the vibration caused by floating ice impacting the pile structure. In response to the above problems, the prior art discloses a marine pile icebreaking device and a marine platform. The icebreaking device is constructed with a support layer, an equipment layer, a buffer layer and a protective layer in sequence from the inside to the outside in the radial direction around the marine pile, and a spiral icebreaking blade is constructed on the outside of the protective layer. The spiral blade cuts the floating ice at an angle to achieve the technical purpose of breaking ice, which can solve the problem that the icebreaking effect of the above-mentioned icebreaking cone is unstable and easily causes the accumulation of floating ice to a certain extent. In addition, the construction of the buffer layer can reduce the floating ice load transmitted to the marine pile to a certain extent, thereby solving the vibration problem of the above-mentioned pile structure.

[0004] However, the above solution has at least the following problems during implementation: First, in the ice-breaking device, the above-mentioned buffering laminated structure is directly connected to the marine pile body in the radial direction, which allows the excess ice load to be directly transmitted to the marine pile body through the laminated structure, thereby causing the pile body structure to vibrate. In particular, when facing high-speed, instantaneous ice loads transmitted by the ice-breaking structure, it is easy for the buffer layer to fully absorb the excess kinetic energy before it has already passed through the buffer layer and reached the pile body structure. Second, due to the short buffer path, the ice-breaking structure has little space for elastic retreat, and its buffering capacity is limited when facing large ice loads. In other words, the ice-breaking structure can easily retreat to the extreme position and still bear a large load after retreating to the extreme position, which greatly increases the probability of wear and even collapse of the ice-breaking structure.

[0005] In view of this, how to prevent ice-induced vibration from being directly transmitted to the marine pile by constructing a buffer structure, and how to improve the buffering efficiency of high-frequency, instantaneous impacts from floating ice to avoid damage to the blades have become urgent issues to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a multi-stage buffer modular device and a method of use that can adapt to changes in water surface.

[0007] Among them, the multi-stage buffer modular device that adapts to water surface changes is applied to an offshore pile body, including: a mounting sleeve, which is sleeved and fixed on the pile body; an annular floating frame, which surrounds the mounting sleeve and is configured to float up and down relative to the mounting sleeve; a plurality of buffer modules, which are positioned on the annular floating frame and arranged around the mounting sleeve, and the buffer module includes: a first buffer layer, with an energy absorption space reserved between the inner diameter side and the mounting sleeve and a damping connection between the outer diameter side and the annular floating frame; a second buffer layer, with the inner diameter side in contact with the first buffer layer and an icebreaking structure can be elastically installed on the outer diameter side; wherein, the first buffer layer is used to absorb kinetic energy from the second buffer layer, and can drive the damping to dissipate the kinetic energy by displacement and / or deformation toward the energy absorption space.

[0008] In order to optimize the above scheme, the following technical measures are also taken: As a preferred embodiment, the annular floating frame includes an annular ballast pontoon and an annular bracket fixed on the upper part of the ballast pontoon. The ballast pontoon is ring-shaped on the outside of the mounting sleeve. The annular bracket is radially separated from the mounting sleeve. The buffer module is positioned on the annular bracket.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of vertical guide groove portions are formed on one of the mounting sleeve and the annular floating frame, and a plurality of guide protrusions are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction on the other of the two. The plurality of guide protrusions correspond one-to-one to the plurality of guide groove portions and all extend radially to the corresponding guide groove portions. The guide groove portions are used to guide the corresponding guide protrusions to move linearly up and down, and the energy absorption space is surrounded by the mounting sleeve, the first buffer layer and the two adjacent guide protrusions.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the first buffer layer includes an arc-shaped elastic plate, which is coaxially arranged with the mounting sleeve in the initial state and at least in the extreme state, the two ends of the arc are pressed against the adjacent guide protrusions. A vertical connecting portion is provided at the central part of the outer diameter side of the elastic plate, and the connecting portion is connected to the annular floating frame through a viscoelastic damping member.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the second buffer layer includes an arc-shaped buffer block formed by cross-laying multiple memory metal layers and buffer foam layers, and the buffer block is coaxially arranged with the elastic plate.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the ice-breaking structure comprises a plurality of spiral blades distributed in a spiral shape along the axial direction of the pile body, and the axial projections of any two adjacent spiral blades along the circumference of the pile body at least partially overlap.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the buffer module is detachably mounted on the annular floating frame, and the mounting sleeve is detachably mounted on the pile body.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, an elastic connector is provided on the root of the spiral blade, a connecting groove extending in the radial direction is formed on the outer diameter layer of the second buffer layer, and the elastic connector is elastically movably connected to the connecting groove.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the elastic connecting member includes a connecting sleeve with a six-deformed cross-section and a return spring accommodated in the inner cavity of the connecting sleeve, one end of the connecting sleeve is fixedly connected to the second buffer layer, one end of the return spring is positioned on the fixed end of the connecting sleeve, and the other end extends out of the connecting sleeve and rests on the bottom surface of the connecting groove.

[0016] In addition, the method for using the multi-stage buffer modular device adapted to water surface changes includes the following steps: S1. Sleeve and fix the installation sleeve on the pile body, align the annular floating frame with the installation sleeve, and adjust the position of the annular floating frame so that it floats above the sea surface; S2. Installing multiple buffer modules in sequence to set positions along the annular path of the annular floating frame, wherein the second buffer layer corresponds to the first buffer layer one by one and contacts each other in the radial direction, and an energy-absorbing space is reserved between the first buffer layer and the installation sleeve; S3, splicing and connecting the second buffer layers of the plurality of buffer modules in sequence along the circumferential direction; S4. The ice-breaking structure is flexibly assembled on the second buffer layer and the position of the ice-breaking structure is adjusted by floating the annular floating frame up and down so that the ice-breaking blades and the floating ice on the sea surface are at the same height. At this time, the ice-breaking structure is in the working position.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: First, through the configuration of multiple buffer modules, it can achieve better vibration reduction effect in the face of floating ice loads with different ice speeds and different ice thicknesses. When the floating ice contacts the icebreaking structure, the icebreaking structure first cushions the impact of the floating ice through its own elastic retraction, and then begins to break the ice. The second buffer layer absorbs excess kinetic energy to achieve primary buffering. When the speed of the floating ice collision is too high, the second buffer layer absorbs part of the kinetic energy and deforms to squeeze the first buffer layer. After absorbing the excess kinetic energy, the first buffer layer tends to push water in the seawater within the energy absorption space, thereby transmitting energy to the seawater with viscous damping. , realizing secondary buffering. When the speed of the ice floe collision is greater, the second buffer layer hits the first buffer layer inside. The first buffer layer pushes the water through displacement and / or deformation in the energy absorption space, and transmits part of the remaining kinetic energy to the seawater. At the same time, the distance between the first buffer layer and the annular floating frame becomes larger, and the pulling damping work further dissipates energy. At this time, the third level buffering is realized. All the energy is not directly transferred to the pile structure, and the buffer module does not directly collide with the pile structure. Therefore, the above buffering process can basically filter out the influence of ice-induced vibration on the main structure.

[0018] Secondly, because the buffer path is extended and the buffer effect is enhanced in this modular device, the high-speed, instantaneous floating ice load transmitted by the ice-breaking structure cannot directly act on the pile structure through the buffer structure, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the pile structure during operation, and in turn improving the ice-breaking effect of the ice-breaking structure.

[0019] Furthermore, in this modular device, not only can the ice-breaking structure itself buffer the impact of the floating ice load by elastically retreating on the second buffer layer, but the second buffer layer in the buffer module can also undergo a certain deformation and push the first buffer layer to displace / deform in the energy-absorbing space, so that the ice-breaking structure produces a secondary retreat to further buffer the impact of the floating ice load, thereby reducing the floating ice load borne by the ice-breaking structure after reaching the extreme position and extending the service life of the ice-breaking structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Example 1 of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of Example 1 of the present application; Figure 3 1 is a side structural diagram of the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of Example 1 of the present application; Figure 5 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the structure of the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the second embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 This is a side view of the structure of the first embodiment of the present application after removing a spiral blade; Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the elastic connecting member in Example 1 of the present application.

[0022] Reference numerals: 1. Mounting sleeve; 11. Guide groove; 12. Splicing protrusion; 13. Splicing groove; 2. Annular floating frame; 21. Ballast pontoon; 22. Annular bracket; 221. Upper frame; 222. Lower frame; 223. Support rod; 224. Guide protrusion; 3. Buffer module; 31. First buffer layer; 312. Energy absorption space; 313. Damping element; 32. Second buffer layer; 323. Connecting groove; 4. Ice-breaking structure; 41. Spiral blade; 42. Elastic connector; 421. Connecting sleeve; 422. Return spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in this patent document shall have the ordinary meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and similar expressions used in the specification and claims of this invention do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish one component from another. Similarly, terms such as "a," "an," or "the" do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. Terms such as "include" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects preceding the phrase "include" or "comprising" include the elements or objects listed after the phrase and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. Terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" are used solely to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly. These terms are used solely to facilitate the description of the invention and to simplify the description. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and are not to be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0026] The following describes some embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the absence of conflict, the features of the following embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0027] Example 1: like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the embodiments of this specification first propose a multi-stage buffer modular device that adapts to water surface changes, aiming to solve the technical problem that the buffer structure on the existing ice-breaking device is difficult to completely filter out ice-induced vibrations and the technical problem that the ice-breaking structure is unable to elastically retreat or has insufficient elastic retreat space, resulting in severe friction and wear when facing the impact of high-speed floating ice. It can not only basically filter out the influence of ice-induced vibrations on the offshore pile body 10 structure, but also extend the buffer path, further enhance the buffering effect, especially enhance the buffering and vibration filtering effect of high-speed, instantaneous floating ice impacts, further, increase the retreat space for elastic retreat of the ice-breaking structure, reduce the load borne by the ice-breaking structure when in the extreme position, and extend the service life and reliability of the ice-breaking structure.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 2As shown, in this embodiment, a multi-stage buffer modular device that adapts to water surface changes is applied to an offshore pile body 10, specifically including a mounting sleeve 1, an annular floating frame 2 and a plurality of buffer modules 3, wherein the mounting sleeve 1 is sleeved and fixed on the pile body, the annular floating frame 2 surrounds the mounting sleeve 1 and is configured to float up and down relative to the mounting sleeve 1, and a plurality of buffer modules 3 are positioned on the annular floating frame 2 and arranged around the mounting sleeve 1, the buffer module 3 includes a first buffer layer 31 and a second buffer layer 32, wherein an energy absorption space 312 is reserved between the inner diameter side of the first buffer layer 31 and the mounting sleeve 1, and a damping connection is formed between the outer diameter side and the annular floating frame 2, the inner diameter side of the second buffer layer 32 contacts the first buffer layer 31 and an icebreaking structure 4 can be elastically installed on the outer diameter side, where the icebreaking structure can be an icebreaking cone. In some embodiments, the icebreaking cone is a conical structure arranged coaxially with the pile body, and the floating ice acts on the icebreaking cone to form radial cracks and circumferential cracks, resulting in bending and damage of the floating ice. Here, the ice-breaking structure adopts a spiral blade ice-breaking structure, the specific form of which has been described in detail in the prior application CN118531758A and will not be repeated here. The first buffer layer 31 is used to absorb kinetic energy from the second buffer layer 32 and can dissipate the kinetic energy by driving the damping through displacement and / or deformation toward the energy-absorbing space 312.

[0029] In this embodiment, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 as well as Figure 5 As shown, here, the deformation of the first buffer layer 31 toward the energy absorption space 312 is taken as an example to illustrate the solution. When the ice floe contacts the ice-breaking structure 4, the ice-breaking structure 4 first cushions the impact of the ice floe through its own elastic retreat. After retreating a certain distance, it begins to break the ice. The second buffer layer 32 in the buffer module 3 absorbs excess kinetic energy to achieve primary buffering. Here, the maximum retreat distance of the ice-breaking structure 4 is the distance from the initial position when it retreats to the limit position. When the speed of the ice floe is too large, the second buffer layer 32 absorbs part of the kinetic energy and deforms to squeeze the first buffer layer 31. After absorbing the excess kinetic energy, the first buffer layer 31 tends to push water in the seawater in the energy absorption space 312, thereby transmitting the energy to the seawater with viscous damping to achieve secondary buffering. When the speed of the ice floe is greater, the second buffer layer 32 hits the first buffer layer 31 inside. The first buffer layer 31 pushes water by deformation in the energy absorption space 312, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown by the dashed line, in one embodiment, the first buffer layer 31 as an integral structure presses against the corresponding annular floating frame 2 at both ends along the circumference. When impacted by the second buffer layer 32, the first buffer layer 31 is deformed and concave toward the inside of the energy-absorbing space 312, thereby performing a water-pushing motion in the energy-absorbing space and transferring part of the remaining kinetic energy into the seawater. At the same time, the radial distance between the first buffer layer 31 and the annular floating frame 2 becomes larger, and the pull damping work further dissipates energy. At this time, three-level buffering is achieved, and all energy is not directly transferred to the pile structure. The buffer module 3 does not directly collide with the pile structure. Therefore, the above-mentioned buffering process can basically filter out the influence of ice-induced vibration on the main structure.

[0030] Compared with the existing technology, this embodiment adopts a three-level buffer structure to buffer the floating ice load from the ice-breaking structure, which not only extends the buffer path, but also further enhances the buffering effect with the help of the viscosity characteristics of seawater. This makes it impossible for the high-speed, instantaneous floating ice load transmitted from the ice-breaking structure within a certain range to directly act on the pile structure through the buffer structure, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the pile structure during operation. Moreover, since it can effectively buffer the load on the ice-breaking structure 4, it can also in turn promote the ice-breaking effect and efficiency of the ice-breaking structure.

[0031] In addition, since the ice-breaking structure 4 is elastically mounted on the outer diameter side of the second buffer layer 32, the ice-breaking structure 4 itself can elastically retreat on the second buffer layer 32 to buffer part of the impact of the floating ice load. The second buffer layer 32 in the buffer module 3 can also undergo a certain deformation and squeeze the first buffer layer 31 to cause it to be concave and deformed toward the inside of the energy-absorbing space 312, so that the ice-breaking structure 4 produces a secondary retreat to further buffer the impact of the floating ice load, thereby reducing the floating ice load borne by the ice-breaking structure 4 after reaching the extreme position and extending the service life of the ice-breaking structure. It should be noted that the extreme position here is defined as the maximum position to which the ice-breaking structure 4 can retreat under the action of the impact force of the floating ice load. It can refer to the position when the elastic connector 42 itself is compressed to the extreme state as described below, or it can refer to the position when the elastic connector 42 is in a certain compression state but has not entered the extreme compression state.

[0032] In this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the installation sleeve 1 is divided into three sections along the axial direction of the pile body, and the three sections are pressed against each other in the axial direction to form a complete cylindrical structure, wherein any section includes two splicing parts. As shown in the figure, the splicing part is configured as a semicircular cross-section, one end of which along the circumference is configured as a splicing groove 13, and the other end is configured as a splicing convex portion 12. The splicing groove 13 of the splicing part is snap-connected with the splicing convex portion 12 of the corresponding other splicing part, and the splicing convex portion 12 of the splicing part is snap-connected with the splicing groove 13 of the corresponding other splicing part, thereby realizing the installation sleeve 1 being sleeved and fixed on the pile structure.

[0033] Exemplarily, a plurality of vertical guide groove portions 11 are formed on one of the mounting sleeve 1 and the annular floating frame 2, and a plurality of guide protrusions 224 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction on the other of the two. The plurality of guide protrusions 224 correspond one-to-one to the plurality of guide groove portions 11 and all extend radially to the corresponding guide groove portions 11. The guide groove portions 11 are used to guide the corresponding guide protrusions 224 to move linearly up and down, thereby guiding the annular floating frame 2 to float up and down. The energy absorption space 312 is surrounded by the mounting sleeve 1, the first buffer layer 31 and the two adjacent guide protrusions 224. Optionally, the guide protrusion 224 is configured as a rectangular plate, and a certain distance is maintained between the radial inner side of the guide protrusion 224 and the mounting sleeve 1, or the guide protrusion 224 is loosely fitted with the corresponding guide groove portion 11, thereby reducing the friction resistance of the guide protrusion 224 when moving in the above-mentioned guide groove portion 11, and also preventing the impact vibration on the annular floating frame 2 from being transmitted to the offshore pile body 10 through the guide protrusion 224. In this embodiment, four vertical guide grooves 11 are formed on the radial outer side of each section of the mounting sleeve 1 at equal angles and uniform intervals along the circumference. The upper and lower ends of the guide grooves 11 respectively penetrate the upper end face and the lower end face of the mounting sleeve 1. The guide grooves 11 of the three sections of the mounting sleeve 1 are aligned along the axial direction of the pile body. Four guide protrusions 224 are correspondingly configured on the inner diameter side of the annular floating frame 2. Each guide protrusion 224 extends into the corresponding guide groove 11 in the radial direction. The guide groove 11 here plays a certain limiting role on the corresponding guide protrusion 224, that is, it limits the guide protrusion 224 from rotating along the circumference of the mounting sleeve 1, thereby preventing the ice-breaking structure 4 from shaking during operation, thereby insufficient cutting force on the floating ice and reducing the ice-breaking efficiency.

[0034] In this embodiment, Figures 1 to 4As shown, the annular floating frame 2 includes an annular ballast pontoon 21 and an annular bracket 22 fixed on the upper part of the ballast pontoon 21. The ballast pontoon 21 is ring-shaped on the outside of the mounting sleeve 1. The annular bracket 22 is radially separated from the mounting sleeve 1. The buffer module 3 is positioned on the annular bracket 22. Here, the annular bracket 22 specifically includes an upper frame body 221, a lower frame body 222 and a plurality of vertical support rods 223 constructed between the upper frame body 221 and the lower frame body 222, wherein the upper frame body 221 and the lower frame body 222 have the same structure, and are both composed of two concentric rings connected by a fixing rod between the rings. Optionally, multiple support rods 223 are fixed between the inner rings of the upper frame body 221 and the lower frame body 222, and the multiple support rods 223 are evenly spaced along the circular path. In this embodiment, a total of eight support rods 223 are constructed, of which four support rods 223 are connected to the outer diameter side of the first buffer layer 31 through a damping member 313, and the damping member can optionally be a viscoelastic damping member, such as a rubber damping member, and the above-mentioned guide protrusions 224 are constructed on the other four support rods 223, and the four support rods 223 are cross-distributed with the other four support rods 223 in the circumferential direction.

[0035] In this embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the first buffer layer 31 comprises an arcuate elastic plate member. In its initial state, the elastic plate member is coaxially arranged with the mounting sleeve 1, with both ends of the arcuate member adapted to press against adjacent guide protrusions 224. A vertical connecting portion is provided at the center of the outer diameter side of the elastic plate member, which is connected to the annular floating frame 2 via a viscoelastic damping member 313. Optionally, the guide protrusions 224 are configured as elastic arms, with the arcuate ends of the first buffer layer 31 adapted to press against adjacent elastic arms. In this manner, when the first buffer layer 31 deforms, a portion of the remaining kinetic energy can be further buffered by the guide protrusions 224. At this time, the elastic arms deform generally tangentially, thereby further dissipating the impact energy generated by the center-on-center collision between the ice floe and the pile body, ensuring the safety of the main structure.

[0036] In this embodiment, the second buffer layer 32 includes an arc-shaped buffer block formed by cross-laying of multiple memory metal layers and buffer foam layers along the radial direction. Adjacent layer structures may be optionally connected by gluing, and the buffer block is coaxially arranged with the elastic plate. Here, the metal layer is made of NiTi alloy, for example, and the foam layer is made of polyurethane foam material, for example. Of course, in other embodiments, other composite materials suitable for low-temperature cold sea areas can also be used, which is not limited here. Here, the second buffer layer 32 corresponds one-to-one with the first buffer layer 31 in a buffer module 3 along the radial direction, and the first buffer layer 31 corresponds one-to-one with the energy absorption space 312 in the radial direction. A vertically penetrating snap groove is configured on the inner diameter side of the second buffer layer 32, and the second buffer layer 32 is engaged with the corresponding support rod 223 through the snap groove, thereby limiting its position on the annular floating frame 2, such as Figure 5 As shown, the corresponding support rod 223 is a support rod connected to the damping member 313, and the inner diameter side of the second buffer layer 32 maintains close contact with the first buffer layer 31. Optionally, two adjacent second buffer layers 32 are spliced ​​at the adjacent joints by mortise and tenon joints to form an integral structure, thereby enhancing the buffering performance of the second buffer layer 32.

[0037] In this embodiment, the ice-breaking structure 4 includes a plurality of spiral blades 41 distributed in a spiral shape along the axial direction of the pile body, and the axial projections of any two adjacent spiral blades 41 along the circumference of the pile body at least partially overlap. The specific structure of the ice-breaking structure 4 has been described in detail in the previous patent, and reference may be made to the above description. Taking into account the stress characteristics of floating ice, the above-mentioned inclined ice-breaking structure is designed, which can easily cut the ice layer. At the same time, the inclined surface can be used to make the broken floating ice slide into the sea through both ends, solving the problem of broken ice accumulation. In addition, according to the different actual sea conditions in each region and the different thickness of the ice layer, ice-breaking structures with different inclination angles can be processed to maximize the ice-breaking effect.

[0038] In this embodiment, the buffer module 3 is detachably mounted on the annular floating frame 2, and the mounting sleeve 1 is detachably mounted on the pile body. That is, the consumable parts in the modular device, such as the buffer module 3, all adopt a detachable structure, which is convenient for later maintenance and replacement, thereby reducing the later use cost.

[0039] Optionally, the icebreaking structure 4 can be detachably connected to the second buffer layer 32, which makes the device highly modular. Icebreaking structures of different angles can be replaced according to different regional sea conditions, which facilitates mass production of the device. At the same time, due to the detachable design, it is convenient for the rapid replacement of damaged devices in extremely cold areas at a later stage, which is conducive to maintenance and repair and reduces the cost of use.

[0040] like Figures 7 and 8Specifically, the spiral blade 41 is provided with an elastic connector 42. A radially extending connecting groove 323 is formed on the outer diameter of the second buffer layer 32. The elastic connector 42 is elastically movably connected to the connecting groove 323. The elastic connector 42 comprises a connecting sleeve 421 with a hexagonal cross-section and a return spring 422 housed within the inner cavity of the connecting sleeve 421. One end of the connecting sleeve 421 is fixedly connected to the second buffer layer 32. One end of the return spring 422 is positioned at the fixed end of the connecting sleeve 421, while the other end extends out of the connecting sleeve 421 and abuts against the bottom surface of the connecting groove 323. When an ice floe strikes the icebreaking structure 4, the icebreaking structure 4 retracts a certain distance inward within the connecting groove 323, compressing the return spring and thus providing a buffering effect. As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, four connecting grooves 323 are constructed along the root of the spiral blade, two of which are constructed on one of the adjacent second buffer layers 32, and the other two are constructed on the other of the adjacent second buffer layers 32. Four elastic connecting members 42 are correspondingly constructed at the root of the spiral blade, each of which is connected to the corresponding connecting groove 323. In this way, through the installation structure of multiple spiral blades 41, multiple second buffer layers 32 can be spliced ​​into a whole along the circumferential direction, which can save parts and enhance the buffering performance of the second buffer layer 32.

[0041] Example 2: like Figure 6 As shown, the overall structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1. The difference between the two is that, in this embodiment, the first buffer layer 31 is used to absorb kinetic energy from the second buffer layer 32, and can drive the damping to dissipate the kinetic energy by displacing toward the energy absorption space 312. Here, each first buffer layer 31 is configured as an arc-shaped hard plate, such as a hard metal plate. A certain distance is left between the arc-shaped ends of the first buffer layer 31 and the adjacent guide protrusions 224, so that the first buffer layer 31 can be displaced toward the center in the corresponding energy absorption space 312, so that a part of the kinetic energy transmitted to the first buffer layer 31 can be dissipated into the seawater through the displacement of the first buffer layer 31 in the seawater, and at the same time drive the damping work to complete the dissipation of the remaining energy.

[0042] Of course, in other ways, the first buffer layer 31 can also be displaced and deformed in the above-mentioned energy absorption space 312, while driving the damping work to dissipate the remaining kinetic energy while dissipating part of the energy into the sea water, thereby achieving the technical purpose of three-level buffering.

[0043] Example 3: This embodiment further provides a method for using the multi-stage buffer modular device adapted to water surface changes, which specifically includes the following steps: S1. Sleeve and fix the installation sleeve 1 on the pile body, align the annular floating frame 2 with the installation sleeve 1, and adjust the position of the annular floating frame 2 so that it floats above the sea surface. Here, the alignment means that the guide protrusion 224 on the annular floating frame 2 is embedded in the corresponding guide groove 11. The annular ballast pontoon 21 can be filled with or discharged with seawater. When the height of the floating ice on the sea surface changes, the device can be floated and sunk by controlling the amount of seawater inside the ballast pontoon 2. If personnel are required to inspect or a ship approaches, the device can be controlled to sink completely into the seawater to protect the device and the crew. The specific structure of the ballast pontoon 21 is a conventional method and will not be described in detail here.

[0044] S2. Multiple buffer modules 3 are sequentially installed along the annular path of the annular floating frame 2 to the designated positions, with the second buffer layer 32 corresponding to the first buffer layer 31 and radially contacting each other. An energy-absorbing space 312 is reserved between the first buffer layer 31 and the installation sleeve 1. In one embodiment, the designated positions are determined by the support rods 223 connected to the damping members 313. On the annular support 22, the upper frame 221 defines the top position of the second buffer layer 32, while the lower frame 222 defines the bottom position of the second buffer layer 32. The support rods 223 also define the circumferential position of the second buffer layer 32.

[0045] S3. Splice and connect the second buffer layers 32 of the plurality of buffer modules 3 in sequence along the circumferential direction. Optionally, adjacent second buffer layers 32 are spliced ​​and connected via a structure consisting of spiral blades 41 and elastic connectors 42 .

[0046] S4. The ice-breaking structure 4 can be flexibly assembled onto the second buffer layer 32 and the position of the ice-breaking structure 4 can be adjusted by floating the annular floating frame 2 up and down so that the ice-breaking blades and the floating ice on the sea surface are at the same height. When the height of the floating ice on the sea surface changes, the amount of seawater inside the ballast pontoon 2 can be controlled to achieve the floating and sinking of the device. At this time, the ice-breaking structure 4 is in the working position.

[0047] To sum up, considering the stress characteristics of floating ice, an inclined ice-breaking blade structure is designed, which can easily cut the ice layer. At the same time, the inclined surface can make the broken floating ice slide into the sea through both ends, solving the problem of broken ice accumulation. In addition, a multi-level buffer design is adopted, which can achieve better vibration reduction and buffering effects for floating ice loads with different ice speeds and different ice thicknesses. Since the ice-breaking structure 4 is elastically mounted on the outer diameter side of the second buffer layer 32, the ice-breaking structure 4 itself can elastically retreat on the second buffer layer 32 to buffer part of the impact of the floating ice load. The second buffer layer 32 in the buffer module 3 can also undergo a certain deformation and squeeze the first buffer layer 31 to make it concave and deform toward the inside of the energy absorption space 312, so that the ice-breaking structure 4 produces a secondary retreat to further buffer the impact of the floating ice load, thereby reducing the floating ice load borne by the ice-breaking structure 4 after reaching the limit position, thereby extending the service life of the ice-breaking structure.

[0048] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-stage buffer modular device that adapts to water surface changes, applied to offshore piles, characterized in that: include: Installing a sleeve, sleeve-fitting and fixing it on the pile body; an annular floating frame surrounding the mounting sleeve and configured to float up and down relative to the mounting sleeve; A plurality of buffer modules are positioned on the annular floating frame and arranged around the mounting sleeve, the buffer modules comprising: The first buffer layer has an energy-absorbing space reserved between the inner diameter side and the mounting sleeve and a damping connection between the outer diameter side and the annular floating frame; a second buffer layer, the inner diameter side of which contacts the first buffer layer and the outer diameter side of which can be elastically mounted with an ice-breaking structure; The first buffer layer is used to absorb kinetic energy from the second buffer layer, and can drive the damping to dissipate the kinetic energy by displacement and / or deformation toward the energy absorbing space.

2. The multi-stage buffer modular device adapted to water surface changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular floating frame includes an annular ballast buoyancy box and an annular bracket fixed on the upper part of the ballast buoyancy box. The ballast buoyancy box is sleeved on the outside of the installation sleeve. The annular bracket is radially separated from the installation sleeve. The buffer module is positioned on the annular bracket.

3. The multi-stage buffer modular device adapted to water surface changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of vertical guide groove portions are formed on one of the mounting sleeve and the annular floating frame, and a plurality of guide protrusions are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction on the other of the two. The plurality of guide protrusions correspond one-to-one to the plurality of guide groove portions and all extend radially to the corresponding guide groove portions. The guide groove portions are used to guide the corresponding guide protrusions to move linearly up and down. The energy absorption space is surrounded by the mounting sleeve, the first buffer layer and the two adjacent guide protrusions.

4. The multi-stage buffer modular device adapted to water surface changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first buffer layer includes an arc-shaped elastic plate, which is coaxially arranged with the mounting sleeve in the initial state and at least in the extreme state, the two ends of the arc are pressed against the adjacent guide protrusions. A vertical connecting portion is constructed at the central part of the outer diameter side of the elastic plate, and the connecting portion is connected to the annular floating frame through a viscoelastic damping member.

5. The multi-stage buffer modular device adapted to water surface changes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second buffer layer includes an arc-shaped buffer block formed by cross-laying multiple memory metal layers and buffer foam layers, and the buffer block is coaxially arranged with the elastic plate.

6. The multi-stage buffer modular device adapted to water surface changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ice-breaking structure includes a plurality of spiral blades distributed in a spiral shape along the axial direction of the pile body, and the projections of any two adjacent spiral blades along the circumference of the pile body in the axial direction at least partially overlap.

7. The multi-stage buffer modular device adapted to water surface changes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The buffer module is detachably mounted on the annular floating frame, and the mounting sleeve is detachably mounted on the pile body.

8. The multi-stage buffer modular device adapted to water surface changes according to claim 6, characterized in that: An elastic connecting piece is arranged on the root of the spiral blade, and a connecting groove extending in the radial direction is formed on the outer diameter layer of the second buffer layer. The elastic connecting piece is elastically movably connected to the connecting groove.

9. The multi-stage buffer modular device adapted to water surface changes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The elastic connecting member includes a connecting sleeve with a six-deformed cross-section and a return spring accommodated in the inner cavity of the connecting sleeve. One end of the connecting sleeve is fixedly connected to the second buffer layer. One end of the return spring is positioned on the fixed end of the connecting sleeve, and the other end extends out of the connecting sleeve and rests on the bottom surface of the connecting groove.

10. A method for using the multi-stage buffer modular device adapted to water surface changes according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Sleeve and fix the installation sleeve on the pile body, align the annular floating frame with the installation sleeve, and adjust the position of the annular floating frame so that it floats above the sea surface; S2. Installing multiple buffer modules in sequence to set positions along the annular path of the annular floating frame, wherein the second buffer layer corresponds to the first buffer layer one by one and contacts each other in the radial direction, and an energy-absorbing space is reserved between the first buffer layer and the installation sleeve; S3, splicing and connecting the second buffer layers of the plurality of buffer modules in sequence along the circumferential direction; S4. The ice-breaking structure is flexibly assembled on the second buffer layer and the position of the ice-breaking structure is adjusted by floating the annular floating frame up and down so that the ice-breaking blades and the floating ice on the sea surface are at the same height. At this time, the ice-breaking structure is in the working position.

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