High slope disposal construction structure and method
By performing graded excavation of earth and rocks on high slopes and multi-layer protective construction, the problems of soil erosion and vegetation survival are solved, and efficient protective effects are achieved, and suitable for a variety of slope environments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510171530.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-23
AI Technical Summary
In high-slope environments, the prior art is difficult to effectively prevent soil erosion, especially when steep slope soil layers are easily washed away by rainwater, vegetation is difficult to survive, and vegetation in rocky environments is difficult to survive.
The soil and rock hierarchical excavation construction method is used to form multi-stage slopes, and slope protection construction is carried out immediately after each slope is completed, including cast-in-place concrete skeleton slope protection, anchor cable frame beam and TBS vegetation protection construction.
Through the protection measures of multi-stage slopes, soil erosion is reduced, vegetation survival and growth is ensured, and long-term protective effect is provided. It is suitable for rocky environments and high slopes that are not suitable for plant growth.
Smart Images
Figure CN120026640A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of high slope protection, and in particular to a high slope treatment construction structure and method. Background Art
[0002] After construction, steep slopes such as highway subgrades and embankments need to be protected to avoid disasters caused by soil erosion. Planting vegetation is generally used to prevent soil erosion. However, the soil layer on the steep slope is easily washed away by rainwater, making it difficult for green vegetation to survive; the more the vegetation cannot survive, the more serious the soil erosion; and in some rocky environments, it is even more difficult for vegetation to survive. Therefore, it is necessary to fill the rocky slope with soil that is easy for vegetation to survive in order to plant vegetation. However, the adhesion between the filled soil and the rocky slope is poor, and it is more easily washed away by rainwater, and the slope cannot be protected before the vegetation grows fully. Summary of the invention
[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a high slope treatment construction method. The present application provides the following technical solutions:
[0004] It includes graded excavation of earth and rock, excavating earth and rock from top to bottom to form multi-level slopes, and carrying out slope protection construction simultaneously with graded excavation of earth and rock. After each level of excavation of the graded excavation of earth and rock is completed, slope protection construction is immediately carried out on the slope of that level;
[0005] Slope protection construction includes: cast-in-place concrete skeleton slope protection construction, anchor cable frame beam construction, and TBS vegetation protection construction; specifically, when the construction of each slope at the top of the multi-level slope is completed by graded excavation of earth and stone, cast-in-place concrete skeleton slope protection construction is carried out on the slope at the top; when the construction of each slope at the middle and bottom of the multi-level slope is completed by graded excavation of earth and stone, anchor cable frame beam construction is carried out on the middle section of the slope at the middle and bottom positions, and TBS vegetation protection construction is carried out on both ends of the slope at the middle and bottom positions.
[0006] The earthwork graded excavation construction includes: designing the multi-level slope gradient, step width and roadbed width of the cross section according to the engineering geological conditions of the deep cutting section; calculating the cutting excavation line according to the multi-level slope gradient, step width and roadbed width; and excavating the cutting from top to bottom until the roadbed according to the cutting excavation line.
[0007] The cast-in-place concrete skeleton slope protection construction includes: using a total station to verify the position of the slope toe, the distance from the slope toe to the center line, and the slope rate; leveling and compacting the slope surface according to the verification results; excavating a foundation trench from top to bottom on the slope surface; supporting and installing a formwork in the foundation trench; pouring fine stone concrete in the formwork; curing the fine stone concrete to form a concrete skeleton and removing the formwork.
[0008] The construction of the anchor cable frame beam includes: drilling anchor holes in the middle section of the slope at the middle and bottom positions; installing anchor cables in the anchor holes and injecting grout; excavating grooves on the slope surface after the slurry initially sets, installing and making steel cages in the grooves, and pouring concrete in the grooves; forming a frame beam after the concrete initially sets, and tensioning and locking the frame beam and the anchor cables.
[0009] The TBS vegetation protection construction includes: clearing floating stones, dangerous rocks, gravel and debris on the slope; installing anchor rods on the slope, laying fixed nets to connect and fix with the anchor rods; pouring greening substrate, fiber, planting soil and vegetation seeds into a mixer in proportion and stirring and mixing to form a substrate mixture; pouring the substrate mixture into a sprayer, and spraying the substrate mixture vertically on the slope after wetting the slope; after spraying, using a high-pressure sprayer to continuously apply water, pesticides, fertilizers and maintenance to the substrate mixture until the vegetation seeds germinate and turn green.
[0010] The slope protection construction also includes spraying grass planting construction on the slope surface inside the concrete skeleton and the frame beam; the spraying grass planting construction includes: cleaning up debris on the slope surface and backfilling foreign soil on the slope surface; spraying grass seeds in the foreign soil; covering the foreign soil with non-woven fabric after spraying; after covering, continuously watering and curing the grass seeds until the non-woven fabric is removed after the grass seeds emerge.
[0011] The backfill soil operation includes mud covering method and dry soil covering method. When the slope ratio of the slope is less than 1:1, the mud covering method is adopted, and when the slope ratio of the slope is greater than 1:1, the dry soil covering method is adopted. Among them, the mud covering method is: laying a three-dimensional net on the slope surface, using clay, fertilizer and water to mix and stir into a mud state, covering the three-dimensional net from top to bottom, and covering in multiple layers; the dry soil covering method is: mixing sandy soil and fertilizer, laying them in layers on the slope surface, and after laying, sprinkling water to make it settle.
[0012] On the second aspect, the present application also provides a high slope treatment construction structure, which is characterized by: comprising multi-level slopes divided according to slope rates, TBS vegetation layers are arranged on both sides of the multi-level slopes, an arched skeleton layer is arranged on the top, and an anchor frame layer is arranged in the middle, the arched skeleton layer includes a number of arched skeletons cast on the multi-level slopes, the anchor frame layer includes a number of frame beams anchored on the multi-level slopes, the arched skeletons and the frame beams are filled with a guest soil layer, and the guest soil layer is planted with grass and shrubs.
[0013] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0014] Multi-level excavation is carried out on the high slope, and each level of slope is excavated immediately to protect the slope to ensure the safety of the construction workers. The slope in the middle and bottom of the multi-level slope is thick enough and mostly rock layers. Therefore, anchor holes are excavated in the middle and bottom of the multi-level slope, and the frame beams are fixed to the slope surface with anchor cables. The frame beams are installed firmly enough and have a long service life. In addition, the frame beams can immediately protect the slope surface and reduce soil erosion. The thickness of the slope at the top and both sides of the multi-level slope is thinner and mostly soil layers; the top position is more affected by rain erosion, and the damage is greatest when soil erosion occurs at the top position. A groove is dug at the top position to cast an arched frame. The slope surface at some positions has a protective effect; the positions on both sides of the multi-level slope are less affected by rainwater erosion, and the TBS vegetation construction method is adopted for protection. Due to the small rainwater erosion, the base material mixture during the TBS vegetation construction only needs to be simply fixed to ensure that the base material mixture is not washed away, thereby ensuring the germination of vegetation seeds; at the same time, the frame structure of the frame beam and the arch skeleton is utilized, and the frame structure can ensure that the filled guest soil is not washed away by rainwater, and the guest soil is filled inside, and then grass seeds are planted in the guest soil to provide a suitable soil environment for the grass seeds; the present invention has a good protective effect on both temporary and long-term protection of high slopes; it is suitable for the protection construction of high slopes in rocky environments or where the original soil is not suitable for plant growth environments.
[0015] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0017] Figure 1It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of graded excavation of earth and stone in a high slope treatment construction method.
[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the construction structure for high slope treatment.
[0019] Figure 3 It is a detailed drawing of the construction structure for high slope treatment.
[0020] Figure numerals: TBS vegetation layer 1, arch frame layer 2, anchor frame layer 3, arch frame 21, frame beam 31, imported soil layer 4, grass and shrubs 41. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as limiting the present application.
[0022] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0023] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being “above”, “above”, and “above” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being “below”, “below”, and “below” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
[0024] The invention provides a high slope treatment construction method; comprising earthwork graded excavation construction, excavating earthwork from top to bottom to form a multi-level slope, and carrying out slope protection construction synchronously with the earthwork graded excavation construction. After each level of excavation of the earthwork graded excavation construction is completed, slope protection construction is immediately carried out on the slope of that level;
[0025] Slope protection construction includes: cast-in-place concrete skeleton slope protection construction, anchor cable frame beam construction, and TBS vegetation protection construction; specifically, when the construction of each slope at the top of the multi-level slope is completed by graded excavation of earth and stone, cast-in-place concrete skeleton slope protection construction is carried out on the slope at the top; when the construction of each slope at the middle and bottom of the multi-level slope is completed by graded excavation of earth and stone, anchor cable frame beam construction is carried out on the middle section of the slope at the middle and bottom positions, and TBS vegetation protection construction is carried out on both ends of the slope at the middle and bottom positions.
[0026] The construction of graded earthwork excavation includes: designing the multi-level slope rate, step width and roadbed width of the cross section according to the engineering geological conditions of the deep excavation section, such as Figure 1 As shown; the cutting excavation line is calculated according to the multi-level slope gradient, step width and roadbed width; and the cutting excavation is carried out from top to bottom until the roadbed according to the cutting excavation line.
[0027] Engineering geological conditions, including soil-rock boundary, rock weathering thickness and fragmentation, rock structural characteristics, etc. The excavation of the road cutting adopts the method of "horizontal stratification, vertical segmentation, synchronization at both ends, and step excavation". The earth road cutting is excavated by excavators, bulldozers, loaders and other machines, the rock road cutting adopts loosening blasting, and excavation is carried out in layers from top to bottom. The road cutting slope adopts a combination of smooth blasting and pre-splitting blasting, and is transported by loaders and dump trucks.
[0028] The construction of cast-in-place concrete skeleton slope protection includes: using a total station to verify the position of the slope foot, the distance from the slope foot to the center line, and the slope rate to determine whether the slope surface is flat; leveling and compacting the slope surface according to the verification results; excavating the foundation trench from top to bottom on the slope surface; supporting and installing formwork in the foundation trench; pouring fine stone concrete in the formwork; curing the fine stone concrete to form a concrete skeleton and removing the formwork.
[0029] When leveling and tamping the slope surface, machinery is mainly used, and manual excavation is carried out in combination with cleaning. When the actual slope thickness is 20cm away from the designed slope thickness, only manual excavation is used. When curing fine stone concrete, on-site straw bags are used to cover and water it. The curing time is not less than 7 days, and the frequency of watering is based on keeping the concrete surface moist.
[0030] The construction of anchor cable frame beam includes: drilling anchor holes in the middle section of the slope at the middle and bottom positions; installing anchor cables in the anchor holes and injecting grout; excavating trenches on the slope surface after the slurry has initially set, installing and making steel cages in the trenches, setting up formwork in the trenches, and pouring concrete in the trenches; forming frame beams after the concrete has initially set, and the frame beams are tensioned and locked with the anchor cables.
[0031] The strength is required to reach 70% of the design strength at the initial setting. The slurry adopts cement mortar with a water-cement ratio of 0.4-0.5. When the anchor section encounters soil or sandy strongly weathered rock layers and is rich in water, a secondary high-pressure splitting grouting method should be used to improve the anchoring force of the stratum. The concrete is homemade and transported to the site by tank trucks. The concrete is pumped into the installed formwork by pump trucks. When pouring, the concrete surface should be kept flat, moist and shiny, without dry spots and slippage. Before the anchor cable is formally tensioned, 10-20% of the design tension load should be taken to pre-tension it so that all parts are in close contact and the steel strand is completely straight. The anchor cable tensioning is carried out in two times. The first tensioning is carried out in the middle, upper and lower order. The tensioning force is the pre-tensioning value. After each anchor cable is tensioned for the first time, it must be tensioned for the second time in the middle, upper and lower order until the tensioning tonnage is reached. Each tensioning should be applied in 5 levels according to relevant specifications or regulations, namely 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and 110% of the design load. When tensioning the last level of load, the load should be kept stable for 20 to 30 minutes before unloading and locking.
[0032] TBS vegetation protection construction includes: clearing floating stones, dangerous rocks, gravel and debris on the slope; installing anchor rods on the slope, laying fixed nets to connect and fix with the anchor rods; pouring greening substrate, fiber, planting soil and vegetation seeds into a mixer in proportion and mixing to form a substrate mixture; pouring the substrate mixture into a sprayer, and spraying the substrate mixture vertically on the slope after wetting the slope; after spraying, use a high-pressure sprayer to continuously apply water, pesticides and fertilizers to the substrate mixture for maintenance until the vegetation seeds germinate and turn green.
[0033] The fixed net is made of 14# galvanized wire mesh with a mesh size of 50mm*50mm. The net should be hung after the anchor rod can bear force. The fixed net must be stretched tight, the overlap width between the nets should not be less than 5cm, and it should be firmly tied with 18# wire at intervals of 30cm to ensure the strong connection between the nets and the same distance between the limiting net and the slope surface, which is conducive to limiting the thickness of the base material mixture of the net surface to be the same and stable. Anchor support plates are placed to fix the net, ensuring that the minimum distance between the net and the original slope surface is not less than 5.5cm. The net should be hung after the anchor rod can bear force, ensuring the strong connection between the nets and the same distance between the limiting net and the slope surface, which is conducive to limiting the thickness of the base material mixture of the net surface to be the same and stable. Anchor support plates are placed to fix the net, ensuring that the minimum distance between the net and the original slope surface is not less than 4cm.
[0034] Slope protection construction also includes spray seeding and grass planting on the slope surface inside the concrete skeleton and frame beam; spray seeding and grass planting construction includes: clearing debris from the slope surface and backfilling foreign soil on the slope surface; spraying and planting grass seeds in the foreign soil; covering the foreign soil with non-woven fabric after spraying; after covering, continuously watering and curing the grass seeds until the grass seeds emerge and the non-woven fabric is removed.
[0035] The non-woven fabric is fixed to the slope with U-shaped iron wire nails. If seedlings are missing in some areas, they must be re-sown in time.
[0036] Backfill soil operations include mud covering method and dry soil covering method. When the slope ratio is less than 1:1, the mud covering method is adopted, and when the slope ratio is greater than 1:1, the dry soil covering method is adopted. Among them, the mud covering method is: laying a three-dimensional net on the slope surface, mixing clay, fertilizer and water into a mud state, covering the three-dimensional net from top to bottom, and covering it in multiple layers; the dry soil covering method is: mixing sandy soil and fertilizer, laying them on the slope surface in layers, and after laying, sprinkling water to make it settle.
[0037] Please refer to Figure 2-3 The figure shows a high slope treatment construction structure provided by the present invention, including multi-level slopes divided by slope rates, TBS vegetation layers 1 formed by TBS vegetation protection construction are arranged on both sides of the multi-level slopes, an arched skeleton layer 2 formed by cast-in-place concrete skeleton slope protection construction is arranged on the top, and an anchor frame layer 3 formed by anchor frame beam construction is arranged in the middle, the arched skeleton layer 2 includes a plurality of arched skeletons 21 cast on the multi-level slopes, the anchor frame layer 3 includes a plurality of frame beams 31 anchored on the multi-level slopes, and the arched skeletons 21 and the frame beams 31 are filled with a guest soil layer 4 by spraying grass planting construction, and the guest soil layer 4 is planted with grass and shrubs 41.
[0038] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A high slope treatment construction method, characterized in that: It includes graded excavation of earth and rock, excavating earth and rock from top to bottom to form multi-level slopes, and carrying out slope protection construction simultaneously with graded excavation of earth and rock. After each level of excavation of the graded excavation of earth and rock is completed, slope protection construction is immediately carried out on the slope of that level; Slope protection construction includes: cast-in-place concrete skeleton slope protection construction, anchor cable frame beam construction, and TBS vegetation protection construction; specifically, when the construction of each slope at the top of the multi-level slope is completed by graded excavation of earth and stone, cast-in-place concrete skeleton slope protection construction is carried out on the slope at the top; when the construction of each slope at the middle and bottom of the multi-level slope is completed by graded excavation of earth and stone, anchor cable frame beam construction is carried out on the middle section of the slope at the middle and bottom positions, and TBS vegetation protection construction is carried out on both ends of the slope at the middle and bottom positions.
2. A high slope treatment construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The earthwork graded excavation construction includes: designing the multi-level slope gradient, step width and roadbed width of the cross section according to the engineering geological conditions of the deep cutting section; calculating the cutting excavation line according to the multi-level slope gradient, step width and roadbed width; and excavating the cutting from top to bottom until the roadbed according to the cutting excavation line.
3. A high slope treatment construction method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The cast-in-place concrete skeleton slope protection construction includes: using a total station to verify the position of the slope toe, the distance from the slope toe to the center line, and the slope rate; leveling and compacting the slope surface according to the verification results; excavating a foundation trench from top to bottom on the slope surface; supporting and installing a formwork in the foundation trench; pouring fine stone concrete in the formwork; curing the fine stone concrete to form a concrete skeleton and removing the formwork.
4. A high slope treatment construction method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The construction of the anchor cable frame beam includes: drilling anchor holes in the middle section of the slope at the middle and bottom positions; installing anchor cables in the anchor holes and injecting grout; excavating grooves on the slope surface after the slurry initially sets, installing and making steel cages in the grooves, and pouring concrete in the grooves; forming a frame beam after the concrete initially sets, and tensioning and locking the frame beam and the anchor cables.
5. A high slope treatment construction method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The TBS vegetation protection construction includes: clearing floating stones, dangerous rocks, gravel and debris on the slope; installing anchor rods on the slope, laying fixed nets to connect and fix with the anchor rods; pouring greening substrate, fiber, planting soil and vegetation seeds into a mixer in proportion and stirring and mixing to form a substrate mixture; pouring the substrate mixture into a sprayer, and spraying the substrate mixture vertically on the slope after wetting the slope; after spraying, using a high-pressure sprayer to continuously apply water, pesticides, fertilizers and maintenance to the substrate mixture until the vegetation seeds germinate and turn green.
6. A high slope treatment construction method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The slope protection construction also includes spraying grass planting construction on the slope surface inside the concrete skeleton and the frame beam; the spraying grass planting construction includes: cleaning up debris on the slope surface and backfilling foreign soil on the slope surface; spraying grass seeds in the foreign soil; covering the foreign soil with non-woven fabric after spraying; after covering, continuously watering and curing the grass seeds until the non-woven fabric is removed after the grass seeds emerge.
7. A high slope treatment construction method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The backfill soil operation includes mud covering method and dry soil covering method. When the slope ratio of the slope is less than 1:1, the mud covering method is adopted, and when the slope ratio of the slope is greater than 1:1, the dry soil covering method is adopted. Among them, the mud covering method is: laying a three-dimensional net on the slope surface, using clay, fertilizer and water to mix and stir into a mud state, covering the three-dimensional net from top to bottom, and covering in multiple layers; the dry soil covering method is: mixing sandy soil and fertilizer, laying them in layers on the slope surface, and after laying, sprinkling water to make it settle.
8. A structure for implementing the high slope treatment construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises a multi-level slope divided according to the slope rate, wherein TBS vegetation layers (1) are arranged on both sides of the multi-level slope, an arched skeleton layer (2) is arranged on the top, and an anchor frame layer (3) is arranged in the middle, wherein the arched skeleton layer (2) comprises a plurality of arched skeletons (21) cast on the multi-level slope, and the anchor frame layer (3) comprises a plurality of frame beams (31) anchored on the multi-level slope, and the arched skeletons (21) and the frame beams (31) are filled with a foreign soil layer (4), and grass and shrubs (41) are planted in the foreign soil layer (4).