Upward horizontal layered filling mining method applying support columns to protect top

Abstract

The invention provides an upward horizontal layered filling mining method applying a support column to protect a roof, and relates to the technical field of mining engineering.The method comprises the steps that the interior of a room is divided into a plurality of layers; the layer is uniformly divided into a plurality of stopes vertical to the ore body trend along the ore body trend; the ore bodies of the multiple stopes are subjected to stoping operation in sequence; in the empty stope, vertically arranging a plurality of support columns for supporting an ore body top plate at intervals of the stope; after all the stopes in the layer are stoped, one-time filling is carried out; and the steps are repeated until all the ore bodies in the ore room are mined. According to the upward horizontal layered filling mining method applying the supporting column to protect the top, the ore recovery rate, the room safety and the mining efficiency can be improved at the same time, effective balance of safety, economical efficiency and high efficiency is achieved, and the upward horizontal layered filling mining method has wide application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, in particular to an upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting columns to protect the top. Background Art

[0002] The upward horizontal stratified filling mining method is a mining method that can be applied to different environments. It has the advantages of strong adaptability to changes in ore body morphology, low mining loss rate, low ore depletion rate, and high production efficiency. However, this method does not have any support measures in large-scale stratification, and its safety is relatively low. In order to solve such problems, some mines have begun to use the point-column mechanized upward stratified filling method to replace the upward stratified mining method, that is, leaving point columns in the mine room. The point columns have the advantages of supporting the roof and expanding the mining area, but the point columns are very easy to split brittlely under uniaxial load conditions, and the retention of point columns causes serious loss of ore resources. If the mechanized point-column upward horizontal stratified filling method is replaced by the upward stratified stope filling mining method, that is, after a stope is mined out, the stope is filled. Although the loss of point columns can be avoided, the production capacity of the stope will be reduced. At the same time, the filling process is relatively complicated and the cost is high. Therefore, how to take into account safety, economy, and efficiency at the same time is a technical problem in the current safe and efficient mining operations in mines. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to propose an upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting columns to protect the top, so as to solve the problems of low ore recovery rate and unstable supporting effect.

[0004] Based on the above purpose, the present application provides an upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting pillars to protect the top, including:

[0005] Divide the ore body to be mined into multiple stages along the vertical direction;

[0006] dividing each of said stages into a plurality of chambers in a horizontal direction;

[0007] Each of the mine rooms is divided into a plurality of layers in the vertical direction, and the ore bodies in each layer are mined in sequence from bottom to top; wherein the step of mining the ore bodies in each layer comprises:

[0008] Evenly dividing the layer into a plurality of stopes perpendicular to the direction of the ore body along the direction of the ore body, and sequentially performing mining operations on the target ore bodies in the plurality of stopes along the direction of the ore body;

[0009] In the mined stope, a plurality of support pillars for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged at intervals from the stope, and the plurality of support pillars are arranged along the vertical direction of the ore body in the mined stope;

[0010] After the mining of each layer is completed, the currently mined layer is uniformly cemented and filled with tailings, and then the next layer is mined, until the mining of all the layers is completed.

[0011] Further, the plurality of stopes are divided into target stopes and non-target stopes, and the target stopes and the non-target stopes are arranged at intervals;

[0012] When the first stope is the target stope, in the mined stope, a plurality of support columns for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged at intervals between the stopes, including:

[0013] After the first target stope is mined, a plurality of support columns for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged in the first target stope along the vertical direction of the ore body;

[0014] While each of the remaining target stopes is being mined, a plurality of support columns for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body direction on the mined section in the current target stope;

[0015] When the first stope is the non-target stope, in the mined stope, a plurality of support columns for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged at intervals between the stopes, including:

[0016] While each of the target stopes is being mined, a plurality of support columns for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body direction on the mined section in the current target stope.

[0017] Further, the steps of the mining operation include:

[0018] Blasting the target ore body to be mined;

[0019] Transport the blasted ore out of the current layer;

[0020] Among them, all the ores that are blasted and collapsed in the non-target stopes are transported out of the current layer through the mined-out sections in the current operation stope;

[0021] When the first stope is the target stope, the ore of the first target stope is transported out of the current layer via the mined-out section in the current operation stope, and the ore of the remaining target stopes is transported out of the current layer via the mined-out sections in the adjacent non-target stopes;

[0022] When the first mining area is the non-target mining area, all the ores in the target mining areas are transported out of the current layer through the mined-out sections in the adjacent non-target mining areas.

[0023] Furthermore, the support column comprises a first tube body, a primary support structure, a support column body and a multi-stage pressure relief structure which are sequentially arranged up and down;

[0024] The first tube body is a bottom opening structure and is used to bear the pressure of the top plate of the ore body;

[0025] The primary support structure includes a sleeve and an expansion material filled in the sleeve, the sleeve is sleeved in the first tube body, the top of the sleeve is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first tube body and is used to bear the pressure of the first tube body, and the bottom is connected to the top of the support column body;

[0026] The multi-stage pressure-yielding structure includes a multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly and a first restraining steel pipe with an upper opening structure. The bottom of the multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly is arranged in the first restraining steel pipe, and the top extends out of the upper opening of the first restraining steel pipe and is connected to the bottom of the supporting column body; the first restraining steel pipe is arranged on the mined road surface in the mining field.

[0027] Furthermore, the sleeve comprises a second tube body with an upper opening structure and a third tube body with a lower opening structure, the third tube body is sleeved in the second tube body, the top of the third tube body is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first tube body, and is used to bear the pressure of the first tube body; the lower opening of the third tube body is located in the second tube body;

[0028] The bottom of the second tube body is connected to the top of the supporting column body;

[0029] The internal space enclosed by the third tube body and the second tube body is filled with the expansion material.

[0030] Furthermore, the multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly includes a fourth tube body, an airbag buffer and a first rubber pressure-releasing column which are sequentially arranged up and down;

[0031] The fourth tube body is a bottom opening structure, and the outer top wall is connected to the bottom of the supporting column body;

[0032] The airbag buffer component includes a composite buffer column and an inflatable airbag arranged on the outer side wall of the bottom of the composite buffer column and inflatable when encountering external force. The composite buffer column is sleeved in the fourth tube body, and the top is connected to the inner top wall of the fourth tube body, and the bottom is connected to the first rubber pressure relief column;

[0033] Wherein, the composite buffer column comprises a first column and a second column arranged up and down;

[0034] The first column is made of foamed cement, and the top is connected to the inner top wall of the fourth tube;

[0035] The second column is a steel column, and the bottom is connected to the first rubber yield column.

[0036] Furthermore, a primary pressure relief structure is provided between the first tube body and the sleeve;

[0037] The primary pressure relief structure includes a second rubber pressure relief column and a second restraining steel tube with an upper opening structure, wherein the bottom of the second rubber pressure relief column is arranged in the second restraining steel tube, and the top extends out of the upper opening of the second restraining steel tube and is connected to the inner top wall of the first tube body;

[0038] The top of the sleeve is connected to the bottom of the second restraining steel pipe, and the bottom is connected to the top of the supporting column body.

[0039] Furthermore, the outer top wall of the first tube body is connected to a plurality of prestressed anchor rods via an upper steel plate, and the prestressed anchor rods are connected to the top plate of the ore body.

[0040] Furthermore, the plurality of support columns arranged in the same stope are divided into at least one group; all the support columns in each group are connected as a whole through a lower steel plate and at least one pair of rib plates;

[0041] One side of the lower steel plate is arranged on the mined road surface in the stope, and the other side is connected to the first restraining steel pipe;

[0042] The at least one pair of ribs are relatively arranged on both sides of the plurality of supporting columns and are connected to the supporting column body of each supporting column.

[0043] Furthermore, each of the support columns also includes a plurality of restraint springs, which are obliquely and evenly arranged on the outside of the multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly, and the top of each restraint spring is connected to the multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly, and the bottom is connected to the lower steel plate.

[0044] From the above description, it can be seen that the upward horizontal layered filling mining method using support pillars to protect the top provided by the present invention first divides the ore body into multiple stages in the vertical direction, and then arranges multiple mine rooms in each stage, and the mine rooms are divided into multiple layers in the vertical direction, and then the layers are mined. The layers to be mined in the ore body are evenly divided into multiple mining areas perpendicular to the ore body direction along the ore body direction, and then the target ore bodies in the multiple mining areas are mined in sequence along the ore body direction. In the middle of the recovered stope, multiple support columns are set up to support the ore body roof, which can effectively support the ore body roof, avoid roof collapse and improve safety; support columns are set up in interval stopes, that is, support columns are set up in one stope, not in the next, and set up in the next, which can effectively reduce costs, reduce engineering complexity and improve overall efficiency while ensuring effective support for the ore body roof; because support columns are set up for support, it is not necessary to fill immediately after each stope is mined out, and it can be filled uniformly after completing the recovery of all stopes in the current layer, which can effectively reduce filling complexity and improve recovery efficiency; compared with the method of leaving point columns in the mine room, more ore can be mined and the ore recovery rate can be improved. At the same time, the support effect of the support columns is better and it is not easy to break or collapse. It can be seen that the present application can simultaneously improve the ore recovery rate, stope safety and mining efficiency, achieve an effective balance among safety, economy and efficiency, and has broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0046] Figure 1 It is a front view of an upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting pillars to protect the top according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 A side view of an upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting pillars to protect the top according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 A top view of an upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting pillars to protect the top according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a support column without a primary pressure relief structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a support column with a primary pressure relief structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the support columns of an embodiment of the present invention connected as a whole through a lower steel plate.

[0052] Figure numerals: 1-support column; 11-first tube body; 12-initial support structure; 121-casing; 122-expansion material; 123-second tube body; 124-third tube body; 125-support block; 126-injection hole; 13-support column body; 131-fixed steel pipe; 132-concrete column; 14-multi-stage pressure relief structure; 141-multi-stage pressure relief assembly; 142-first constraint steel pipe; 143-fourth tube body; 144-airbag buffer; 145-first rubber pressure relief column; 146-composite buffer column; 147-expansion airbag; 148-first column; 149-second column; 15-constraint spring; 16-initial support structure Stage yield structure; 161-second rubber yield column; 162-second restraining steel pipe; 17-partition steel plate; 2-upper steel plate; 3-lower steel plate; 4-rib plate; 5-prestressed anchor rod; 1001-mining area; 1002-target mining area; 1003-non-target mining area; 1004-cutting level tunnel; 1005-layered connecting tunnel; 1006-segmented tunnel; 1007-connecting tunnel; 1008-chute; 1009-through-vein return air tunnel; 1010-target ore body; 1011-filling body; 1012-stage return air tunnel; 1013-stage transport tunnel; 1014-auxiliary ramp; 1015-through-vein transport tunnel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present disclosure do not represent any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Including" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing in front of the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0055] With the continuous discovery of mining technology, a large number of mining methods for different environments have emerged. For rare metals and high-grade ores, the upward horizontal layered filling mining method is generally adopted. This method has the advantages of strong ability to adapt to changes in ore body morphology, low mining loss rate and ore depletion rate, and high production efficiency. However, this upward horizontal layered filling method does not have any support measures in large-area stratification and has low safety.

[0056] In order to solve such problems, some mines have begun to use the point-column mechanized upward stratified filling method to replace the upward stratified mining method, that is, retaining a part of the original ore body structure in the mine room to form point columns. The point columns have the advantages of supporting the roof and expanding the mining area, but the point columns are very easy to split brittlely under uniaxial load conditions, and the retention of point columns causes serious losses of ore resources. If the mechanized point-column upward horizontal stratified filling method is replaced by the upward stratified mining method, that is, after a mining area 1001 is mined out, the mining area 1001 is filled, although the loss of point columns can be avoided, the production capacity of the mining area will be reduced, and the filling process is relatively complicated and the cost is high. Therefore, how to take into account safety (roof stability), economy (low loss of dilution), and high efficiency (large production capacity) at the same time is a technical problem that must be solved in the current safe and efficient mining operations of rare and precious metal mines.

[0057] In view of this, the present application provides an upward horizontal layered filling mining method using support pillars to protect the top, which can improve ore recovery rate, stope safety and mining efficiency, and achieve an effective balance among safety, economy and efficiency. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, including:

[0058] Divide the ore body to be mined into multiple stages along the vertical direction;

[0059] dividing each of said stages into a plurality of chambers in a horizontal direction;

[0060] Each of the mine rooms is divided into a plurality of layers in the vertical direction, and the ore bodies in each layer are mined in sequence from bottom to top; wherein the step of mining the ore bodies in each layer comprises:

[0061] The stratification is evenly divided into a plurality of stopes 1001 perpendicular to the direction of the ore body along the direction of the ore body, and the target ore bodies 1010 of the plurality of stopes 1001 are sequentially mined along the direction of the ore body;

[0062] In the mined stope 1001, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged at intervals between the stopes 1001, and the plurality of support columns 1 are arranged along the vertical direction of the ore body in the mined stope 1001;

[0063] After the mining of each layer is completed, the currently mined layer is uniformly cemented and filled with tailings, and then the next layer is mined, until the mining of all the layers is completed.

[0064] In the mining operation of the ore body of the present application, the ore body to be mined is divided into multiple stages in the vertical direction, each stage is divided into multiple mine rooms in the horizontal direction, each mine room is divided into several layers in the vertical direction, and then the layers are evenly divided into multiple stopes 1001 perpendicular to the ore body direction along the ore body direction, and then the target ore bodies 1010 of the multiple stopes 1001 are sequentially mined along the ore body direction. The target ore body 1010 is the part of the entire ore body that needs to be mined. In the mined stope 1001, multiple support columns 1 are vertically arranged at intervals of the stopes 1001. The multiple support columns 1 are arranged along the vertical ore body direction in the mined stope 1001, and support the top ore body roof of the mined stope 1001. After the mining of all the stopes 1001 in the current layer is completed, the current mined layer is filled to form a filling body 1011. After filling, the next layer is mined, and the next layer is located above the currently filled layer. After the operation of the entire current mine room is completed, the other mine rooms in this stage are operated until the entire stage and the entire ore body are mined.

[0065] The roof of an ore body refers to the rock located at the top of the ore body. When the ore is mined, the stress state of the roof will change, and stress relaxation may easily occur, which may easily lead to safety problems such as roof collapse and falling. In the present application, when mining the strata, multiple support columns 1 are set between the mined mining sites 1001 to support the ore body roof, which can effectively support the ore body roof, avoid roof collapse and improve safety; the support columns 1 are set at intervals between mining sites 1001, that is, one mining site 1001 is set with a support column 1, the next one is not set, and the next one is set again, which can effectively reduce costs and engineering complexity while ensuring effective support for the ore body roof, and improve overall efficiency; because the support columns 1 are set for support, it is not necessary to fill each mining site 1001 immediately after it is mined out, and it is filled uniformly after all mining sites 1001 in the current stratum are mined, which can effectively reduce filling complexity and improve mining efficiency; compared with the method of leaving point columns in the mine room, more ore can be mined, and the ore recovery rate can be improved. At the same time, the support effect of the support columns 1 is better and it is not easy to break or collapse. It can be seen that the present application can simultaneously improve ore recovery rate, mine safety and mining efficiency, achieve an effective balance among safety, economy and efficiency, and has broad application prospects.

[0066] In some embodiments, the length of each stope 1001 is equal to the thickness of the ore body, the width of the stope 1001 is 3m to 5m, and the height of the stope 1001 is equal to the layer height. When dividing the width of the stope 1001, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the efficiency and safety of the mining operation. When the width of the stope 1001 is set too wide, the section of the road mined out during the mining operation is wide, which is easy to form certain safety hazards; when the stope 1001 is set too narrow, it is necessary to continuously lay lines, step blastholes, and bury explosives, etc., which has low operating efficiency and is not conducive to operation. Therefore, considering the safety and efficiency of the operation, the width of the stope 1001 can be set to 3m to 5m, such as 3m, 3.5m, 4m, 4.5m, 5m, etc., or it can be set to other values ​​between 3m and 5m, without specific restrictions. Of course, depending on the specific conditions of the ore body, mine, roof, etc., the mine 1001 can also be set to other values ​​less than 3m or greater than 5m, such as 2m, 2.5m, 5.5m, 6m, 6.5m, 7m, 7.5m, 8m, etc., without specific restrictions.

[0067] In some embodiments, the plurality of stopes 1001 are divided into target stopes 1002 and non-target stopes 1003, and the target stopes 1002 and the non-target stopes 1003 are arranged alternately;

[0068] When the first stope 1001 is the target stope 1002, in the empty stope 1001, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged at intervals between the stopes 1001, including:

[0069] After the first target stope 1002 is mined, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged in the first target stope 1002 along the vertical direction of the ore body;

[0070] While each of the remaining target stopes 1002 is being mined, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body direction on the mined section in the current target stope 1002;

[0071] When the first stope 1001 is the non-target stope 1003, in the mined stope 1001, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged at intervals between the stopes 1001, including:

[0072] While each of the target stopes 1002 is being mined, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body direction on the mined section in the current target stope 1002 .

[0073] Specifically, the multiple stopes 1001 in the layer are divided into target stopes 1002 and non-target stopes 1003. The target stope 1002 is the stope 1001 where support columns 1 need to be set, and the non-target stope 1003 is the stope 1001 where support columns 1 do not need to be set. When the first mining site 1001 is the target mining site 1002, after the first target mining site 1002 is mined, a plurality of support columns 1 are vertically set in the mining site 1001 along the vertical direction of the ore body; for all other target mining sites 1002, support columns 1 are set while mining, that is, while mining, a plurality of support columns 1 are vertically set along the vertical direction of the ore body for the mined sections in the current target mining site 1002; when the first mining site 1001 is a non-target mining site 1003, support columns 1 are set while mining for all target mining sites 1002, thereby avoiding the situation where two adjacent mined mining sites 1001 are not supported by support columns 1, thereby effectively improving the safety of mining.

[0074] In some embodiments, the steps of the stoping operation include:

[0075] Blasting the target ore body 1010 to be mined;

[0076] Transport the ore caused by blasting out of the current layer.

[0077] For the stope 1001 that needs to be mined, first, a blast hole is drilled on the target ore body 1010 of the current stope 1001, and then explosives are buried in the blast hole to blast the target ore body 1010, and then the ore that has collapsed due to the blasting is transported out of the current layer to complete the mining of the current stope 1001. Optionally, a scraper is used for transportation to achieve mechanized mining of the stope 1001 and improve mining efficiency. For the target ore body 1010 that has not collapsed after blasting, a small rock drilling trolley can be used for rock drilling to improve the mining rate of the ore.

[0078] In some embodiments, all the ore blasted and collapsed in the non-target stope 1003 is transported out of the current layer through the mined-out section in the current operating stope 1001;

[0079] When the first stope 1001 is the target stope 1002, the ore of the first target stope 1002 is transported out of the current layer through the mined-out section in the current operation stope 1001, and the ore of the remaining target stopes 1002 is transported out of the current layer through the mined-out section in the adjacent non-target stope 1003;

[0080] When the first stope 1001 is the non-target stope 1003 , all the ores of the target stope 1002 are transported out of the current layer through the mined-out section in the adjacent non-target stope 1003 .

[0081] In the mining operation of the first stope 1001 of the layer, the ore that is blasted and collapsed is transported out of the current layer through the mined-out section in the current operation stope 1001. For all the remaining stopes 1001, the ore that is blasted and collapsed in the non-target stope 1003 is transported out of the current layer through the mined-out section in the current non-target stope 1003, which has higher operation efficiency. However, since the target stope 1002 is mining while setting up the support column 1, if the ore is continuously transported out along the current stope 1001, the operation is complicated and the operation efficiency is low. Therefore, the ore of the target stope 1002 in all the remaining stopes 1001 is transported out of the current layer through the mined-out section in the adjacent non-target stope 1003, which effectively improves the operation efficiency.

[0082] In some embodiments, Figures 4-5 As shown, the support column 1 comprises a first tube body 11, a primary support structure 12, a support column body 13 and a multi-stage pressure relief structure 14 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom;

[0083] The first tube body 11 is a bottom-opening structure and is used to bear the pressure of the top plate of the ore body;

[0084] The primary support structure 12 includes a sleeve 121 and an expansion material 122 filled in the sleeve 121. The sleeve 121 is sleeved in the first tube body 11, with the top thereof being arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first tube body 11 and used to bear the pressure of the first tube body 11, and the bottom thereof being connected to the top of the support column body 13;

[0085] The multi-level pressure-yielding structure 14 includes a multi-level pressure-yielding component 141 and a first restraining steel pipe 142 with an upper opening structure. The bottom of the multi-level pressure-yielding component 141 is arranged in the first restraining steel pipe 142, and the top extends out of the upper opening of the first restraining steel pipe 142 and is connected to the bottom of the supporting column body 13; the first restraining steel pipe 142 is arranged on the mined road surface in the mining field 1001.

[0086] In the prior art, whether it is to retain the original ore body to form point columns for support or to use concrete pillars for support, it is a passive support, that is, it can only passively bear the pressure of the ore body roof, but cannot form active support for the ore body roof. At the same time, both support methods are rigid support. When the ore body roof is greatly deformed or suddenly subjected to a large impact, the rigid support pillars are prone to collapse and break, thereby affecting the support effectiveness. At the same time, in the upward horizontal layered filling mining method, the ore body is mined from bottom to top, and the lower ore body is filled to form a filling body after being mined, and then the upper layer is mined. In the mining of the upper layered ore body, the road surface at this time is served by the filling body below, and the pillars are set up on the filling body. However, the filling body has poor hardness and low strength, and the establishment of pillar support is prone to problems such as pillar collapse, which further affects the stability of the support.

[0087] In the present application, the initial support structure 12 is arranged in the first tube body 11, which plays a certain protective role for the initial support structure 12; the initial support structure 12 is composed of a casing 121 and an expansion material 122 filled in the casing 121. Since the expansion material 122 has the characteristic of being able to expand in volume, when it is injected into the casing 121, it has a certain lifting force on the top of the casing 121, and then also produces a certain lifting force on the first tube body 11. When used in the mining field to support the top plate of the ore body, the first tube body 11 can have a certain lifting force on the top plate of the ore body, thereby generating an initial support force, turning passive support into active support, which can not only passively bear the pressure caused by the deformation of the top plate of the ore body, but also actively support the top plate of the ore body, reduce and delay its deformation and displacement. On this basis, the present application is also provided with a multi-level pressure-releasing structure 14 to achieve the pressure-releasing effect. The multi-stage pressure-relieving structure 14 includes a multi-stage pressure-relieving component 141 for achieving buffering and a first constraint steel pipe 142. The multi-stage pressure-relieving component 141 is arranged in the first constraint steel pipe 142. The first constraint steel pipe 142 plays a role in fixing and protecting the multi-stage pressure-relieving component 141. The multi-stage pressure-relieving component 141 is connected to the bottom of the support column body 13. When the support column body 13 is subjected to roof pressure, the multi-stage pressure-relieving component 141 can absorb part of the pressure and play a pressure-relieving role, thereby preventing the support column body 13 from directly forming a frontal impact with the filling body on the ground and sinking into the filling body. At the same time, it can avoid the collapse and rupture of the support column body 13 caused by excessive pressure, thereby effectively improving the support stability and operation safety. In addition, compared with the method of leaving point columns in the mine room, it can not only improve the support stability, but also improve the ore recovery rate, especially for metal ore bodies with high economic value, instead of metal point columns to support the ore body roof, more ore bodies can be mined, effectively improving the economic value.

[0088] In some embodiments, Figures 4-5 As shown, the sleeve 121 includes a second tube body 123 with an upper opening structure and a third tube body 124 with a lower opening structure. The third tube body 124 is sleeved in the second tube body 123, and the top is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first tube body 11, and is used to bear the pressure of the first tube body 11; the lower opening of the third tube body 124 is located in the second tube body 123;

[0089] The bottom of the second tube body 123 is connected to the top of the support column body 13;

[0090] The internal space enclosed by the third tube body 124 and the second tube body 123 is filled with the expansion material 122 .

[0091] Specifically, the second tube body 123 with an upper opening and the third tube body 124 with a lower opening enclose a movable internal space. After the expansion material 122 is filled in the space, the expansion material 122 has the characteristic of being able to expand in volume, and lifts the third tube body 124 upward. The third tube body 124 then lifts the first tube body 11, and the first tube body 11 then plays a certain lifting role on the top plate of the ore body, thereby generating an initial support force on the top plate of the ore body, turning the passive support into active support, which can not only passively bear the pressure caused by the deformation of the top plate of the ore body, but also actively support the top plate of the ore body, reduce and delay its deformation and displacement. Optionally, the bottom of the second tube body 123 is connected to the top of the support column body 13 through a partition steel plate 17, which has a better fixing effect and a more stable overall structure.

[0092] Optionally, the expansion material 122 is composed of cement, static crushing agent and water glass. A certain amount of static crushing agent and water glass is injected into the cement to react chemically with the cement to increase the volume of the cement, thereby lifting the third tube body 124. The static crushing agent has a short expansion development time, a large volume expansion rate, a high self-strength, and a strong expansion stress, which can play a better lifting role; and the static crushing agent can adapt to the ambient temperature of 10 to 30°C, which is suitable for a variety of engineering site applications and a wide range of application scenarios. Water glass can greatly shorten the cement solidification time, which is conducive to the rapid solidification of the material after expansion, forming a more stable initial support force.

[0093] In some embodiments, Figures 4-5 As shown, a protruding support block 125 and an injection hole 126 for injecting the expansion material 122 are provided on the inner side wall of the second tube body 123;

[0094] The support block 125 is used to support the third tube body 124 and is located above the injection hole 126 .

[0095] In the present application, the second tube body 123 and the third tube body 124 are in a state of active connection, and the third tube body 124 is supported by a support block 125 arranged on the second tube body 123. After the second tube body 123 and the third tube body 124 are assembled, the expansion material 122 is injected into the internal space through the injection hole 126 of the second tube body 123, and the expansion material 122 expands, thereby lifting the third tube body 124, and then lifting the first tube body 11 to support the top plate of the ore body. Optionally, since the casing 121 is arranged in the first tube body 11, when the side wall of the first tube body 11 extends to cover the injection hole 126 on the second tube body 123, a corresponding through hole is arranged at a position opposite to the injection hole 126 on the first tube body 11, and the injection of the internal space is realized through the through hole and the injection hole 126, and the first tube body 11 does not need to be disassembled additionally, and the operation is more convenient.

[0096] In some embodiments, Figures 4-5 As shown, the multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly 141 includes a fourth tube body 143, an airbag buffer 144 and a first rubber pressure-releasing column 145 which are sequentially arranged in the upper and lower parts;

[0097] The fourth tube body 143 is a bottom opening structure, and the outer top wall is connected to the bottom of the support column body 13;

[0098] The airbag buffer component 144 includes a composite buffer column 146 and an expandable airbag 147 which is arranged on the outer side wall of the bottom of the composite buffer column 146 and can expand when encountering external force. The composite buffer column 146 is sleeved in the fourth tube body 143, and the top is connected to the inner top wall of the fourth tube body 143, and the bottom is connected to the first rubber pressure-releasing column 145.

[0099] Specifically, the outer top wall of the fourth tube body 143 is connected to the bottom of the support column body 13, and the inner top wall is connected to the composite buffer column 146 of the airbag buffer 144, thereby realizing the connection between the support column body 13 and the airbag buffer 144. When the top plate of the ore body is deformed and compresses the support column 1 or is subjected to other external force impact, the support column body 13 sinks, exerting downward pressure on the fourth tube body 143, and the fourth tube body 143 squeezes the composite buffer column 146 downward. At this time, the composite buffer column 146 plays a first-level pressure relief role; when the fourth tube body 143 is pressed and sinks to the side wall and contacts the expansion airbag 147, the expansion of the expansion airbag 147 further relieves the pressure on the support column body 13, and the second-level pressure relief is completed. When the expansion airbag 147 is inflated by force, it will squeeze the first rubber pressure relief column 145 at the bottom downward, and the first rubber pressure relief column 145 plays a further pressure relief role. At this time, the third level of pressure relief is completed, thereby realizing a multi-level pressure relief effect. Under the multi-level pressure relief of the composite buffer column 146, the inflatable airbag 147 and the first rubber pressure relief column 145, the external force can be effectively released to ensure that the support column body 13 will not sink into the filling body of the lower layer, the support column body 13 is not prone to collapse and rupture, the support stability is higher, the support effect is better, and the safety is higher.

[0100] In some embodiments, the inflation balloon 147 includes a balloon body and sodium azide filled in the balloon body.

[0101] Sodium azide (NaN 3 ) can instantly decompose a large amount of nitrogen (N 2 ), 2NaN 3 (impact) = 2Na + 3N 2↑, thereby inflating the airbag body. After the airbag body expands, it plays a certain supporting role on the support column body 13, and at the same time squeezes the first rubber pressure-relieving column 145 below. The first rubber pressure-relieving column 145, due to its own characteristics, plays a certain supporting role on the airbag body, thereby effectively achieving pressure relief. Optionally, the first rubber pressure-relieving column 145 can be made of natural rubber. The composition of natural rubber is mainly rubber hydrocarbon (polyisoprene), containing a small amount of protein, water, resin acid, sugar and inorganic salt, etc. It has the characteristics of high elasticity, high tensile strength, excellent tear resistance and electrical insulation, and good wear resistance and drought resistance, good processability, and easy to bond with other materials. It is a good buffer material. The first rubber pressure-relieving column 145 is made of natural rubber, the manufacturing process is environmentally friendly, and the pressure-relieving effect is good. Of course, synthetic rubber can also be selected to make the first rubber pressure-relieving column 145 according to the actual situation of the ore body, mining site, etc., without specific restrictions.

[0102] In some embodiments, Figures 4-5 As shown, the composite buffer column 146 includes a first column 148 and a second column 149 disposed up and down;

[0103] The first column 148 is made of foamed cement, and the top is connected to the inner top wall of the fourth tube 143;

[0104] The second column 149 is a steel column, and the bottom of the second column 149 is connected to the first rubber yield column 145 .

[0105] Foamed cement is a composite material made of a foaming agent and cement. The foaming agent and cement are mixed and stirred in a certain proportion. Under the action of the foaming agent, the cement continues to expand. When it expands to a certain extent, foamed cement is formed. When the fourth tube body 143 moves downward, pressure is applied to the first column 148 made of foamed cement. The first column 148 is continuously compressed until the fourth tube body 143 contacts the expansion airbag 147, triggering the expansion airbag 147 to expand and support the pressure relief. In this process, the first column 148 made of foamed cement plays a primary pressure relief role, and the second column 149 of the steel column plays a supporting role, while achieving a composite role of pressure relief and support.

[0106] In some embodiments, Figure 5 As shown, a primary pressure relief structure 16 is further provided between the first tube body 11 and the sleeve 121;

[0107] The primary pressure relief structure 16 includes a second rubber pressure relief column 161 and a second restraining steel tube 162 with an upper opening structure. The bottom of the second rubber pressure relief column 161 is arranged in the second restraining steel tube 162, and the top extends out of the upper opening of the second restraining steel tube 162 and is connected to the inner top wall of the first tube body 11.

[0108] The top of the sleeve 121 is connected to the bottom of the second restraining steel pipe 162 , and the bottom is connected to the top of the supporting column body 13 .

[0109] In the present application, a primary pressure relief structure 16 can also be provided between the first tube body 11 and the primary support structure 12. When the top plate of the mining area ore body applies downward pressure due to deformation, displacement, etc., the first tube body 11 bears the pressure and transmits the pressure downward, and the second rubber pressure relief column 161 is compressed by pressure, thereby achieving effective pressure relief and avoiding stress damage to the support column body 13 caused by concentrated force, and at the same time, it can also play a certain pressure relief role. The second constraint steel pipe 162 is used to fix the second rubber pressure relief column 161 to avoid displacement of the second rubber pressure relief column 161, improve its stability, and achieve stable pressure relief. Optionally, the second rubber pressure relief column 161 can be made of natural rubber and fixed to the second constraint steel pipe 162 by adhesive bonding. The top of the second rubber pressure relief column 161 is bonded to the first tube body 11 by adhesive, and the inner wall of the first tube body 11 is in close contact with the outer wall of the second tube body 123. When the second rubber pressure relief column 161 is squeezed in the longitudinal direction, it will stretch in the transverse direction to a certain extent. Therefore, a distance of about 20 mm is reserved between the inner side wall of the first tube body 11 and the second rubber pressure relief column 161 to provide a stretching space for the deformation of the second rubber pressure relief column 161, thereby achieving a better pressure relief effect. Optionally, the bottom of the second restraining steel tube 162 is connected to the outer top wall of the third tube body 124 through a partition steel plate 17, which has a better fixing effect and a more stable overall structure.

[0110] In some embodiments, Figures 4-5 As shown, the support column body 13 includes a hollow fixed steel pipe 131 and a concrete column 132 filled in the fixed steel pipe 131. The fixed steel pipe 131 plays a certain role in protecting, limiting and fixing the concrete column 132, and the concrete column 132 plays a main supporting role, and the supporting effect is better.

[0111] In some embodiments, Figures 4-5 As shown, the outer top wall of the first tube body 11 is connected to a plurality of prestressed anchor rods 5 through the upper steel plate 2. Specifically, the outer top wall of the first tube body 11 contacts the upper steel plate 2, and the two are fixed by bolts, and the other side opposite to the upper steel plate 2 is connected to a plurality of prestressed anchor rods 5. When applied to the support of the top plate of the ore body, the upper steel plate 2 is first pressed against the top plate of the ore body, and then the prestressed anchor rods 5 are fixed to the top plate of the ore body. The prestressed anchor rods 5 apply a certain pre-compression stress to the top plate of the ore body, and the upper steel plate 2 is firmly attached to the top plate of the ore body, effectively improving the support force to the top plate of the ore body, and forming a better support effect.

[0112] In some embodiments, Figure 6As shown, the plurality of support columns 1 arranged in the same stope 1001 are divided into at least one group; all the support columns 1 in each group are connected as a whole through a lower steel plate 3 and at least one pair of ribs 4;

[0113] One side of the lower steel plate 3 is disposed on the mined road surface in the stope 1001, and the other side is connected to the first restraining steel pipe 142;

[0114] The at least one pair of ribs 4 are arranged opposite to each other at two sides of the plurality of supporting columns 1 , and are connected to the supporting column body 13 of each supporting column 1 .

[0115] In order to further improve the supporting effect of the supporting column 1, in actual application, multiple supporting columns 1 can be connected as a whole, so that the impact force can be shared between each supporting column 1, effectively improving the supporting stability, and preventing the supporting column 1 from being collapsed by the shock wave generated by mining blasting. Specifically, multiple supporting columns 1 are connected into an integrated structure through a lower steel plate 3, and the lower steel plate 3 is connected to the bottom of multiple supporting columns 1, and then fixed to the mined road surface in the mining field 1001 through the lower steel plate 3. Then, by adding ribs 4 on both sides of multiple supporting columns 1, the lower steel plate 3 and the ribs 4 work together to fix and connect multiple supporting columns 1. Multiple supporting columns 1 are not easy to fall off, and as a whole, they can withstand larger shock waves, have better stability, and stronger support pressure bearing capacity.

[0116] In some embodiments, Figures 4-5 As shown, each of the support columns 1 also includes a plurality of restraint springs 15, which are obliquely and evenly arranged on the outside of the multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly 141, and the top of each restraint spring 15 is connected to the multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly 141, and the bottom is connected to the lower steel plate 3.

[0117] Specifically, a plurality of restraining springs 15 may be arranged around the multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly 141. The plurality of restraining springs 15 have a certain fixing effect on the multi-stage pressure-releasing structure 14 to prevent it from shaking left and right, and also have a certain buffering effect. When the support column 1 is installed in the mining field 1001, the support column 1 can be directly fixed on the mining field road surface. At this time, the mining field road surface is the external structure for supporting the support column 1. One end of the restraining spring 15 is connected to the mining field road surface, and the other end is connected to the multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly 141. Optionally, it can be connected to the fourth tube body 143 of the multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly 141. When the plurality of support columns 1 are fixed on the mined road surface in the mining field 1001 through the lower steel plate 3, at this time, the lower steel plate 3 and the mining field road surface can both be the external structure for supporting the support column 1. One end of the restraining spring 15 is connected to the lower steel plate 3 or the road surface, and the other end is connected to the multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly 141.

[0118] The following takes the mining of a certain ore body as an example to further illustrate the technical effect of the present application.

[0119] The ore body is divided into several stages in the vertical direction. Several mining rooms are arranged in each stage. The mining rooms are divided into several layers in the vertical direction. Multiple stopes 1001 are arranged in the layers perpendicular to the ore body for mining. The stage height is 30m, the layer height is 3m, and the stope 1001 size is 3×3m.

[0120] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, Figure 1 There are also multiple layered main views. Figure 2 Also for multiple layered side views, Figure 3 It is also a top view of the layers; an auxiliary ramp 1014 is excavated from the ground downwards, and the layered connecting tunnels 1005 and the segmented tunnels 1006 are excavated from the auxiliary ramp 1014 to the ore body, and a chute 1008 is arranged to connect with the segmented tunnels 1006. A layered connecting tunnel 1005 is excavated from the segmented tunnels 1006 to each layer, and a cutting level tunnel 1004 is excavated along the contact zone. Among them, the auxiliary ramp 1014 is mainly responsible for the transportation of materials, pedestrians, and scrapers, ventilation, and transportation of filling materials. There is no need to arrange a filling well. The filling material is transported to the underground by the auxiliary ramp 1014, and enters each layer through the layered connecting tunnel 1005 for large-scale filling.

[0121] A stage transportation tunnel 1013 is excavated outside the vein, and a vein-crossing transportation tunnel 1015 is excavated from the stage transportation tunnel 1013 to the ore body; the mined ore is transported to the cutting tunnel 1004 by a shovel loader, and then transported from the cutting tunnel 1004 to the chute 1008 through the layered connecting tunnel 1005 and the connecting tunnel 1007. The ore enters the vein-crossing transportation tunnel 1015 through the chute 1008 and is finally transported to the stage transportation tunnel 1013.

[0122] A main return air tunnel 1009 is excavated to ventilate the mine together with the auxiliary ramp 1014 and the stage return air tunnel 1012.

[0123] Each layer of ore body is mined from bottom to top.

[0124] The layers are evenly divided into a plurality of stopes 1001 perpendicular to the direction of the ore body along the direction of the ore body, and the plurality of stopes 1001 are divided into target stopes 1002 and non-target stopes 1003, and the target stopes 1002 and non-target stopes 1003 are arranged at intervals.

[0125] The target ore bodies 1010 of the multiple mining areas 1001 are mined in sequence along the direction of the ore bodies, that is, the target ore bodies 1010 to be mined are blasted, and the ore collapsed by the blasting is transported out of the current layer. Among them, the ore collapsed by blasting in the first mine 1001 is transported out of the current layer through the mined-out section in the current operating mine 1001; for all the remaining mines 1001, the ore collapsed by blasting in the non-target mine 1003 is transported out of the current layer through the mined-out section in the current target mine 1003, and the ore of the target mine 1002 is transported out of the current layer through the mined-out section in the adjacent non-target mine 1003; specifically, the ore collapsed by blasting is loaded by a shovel loader and transported to the cutting level tunnel 1004, and then transported from the cutting level tunnel 1004 to the chute 1008 through the layered connecting tunnel 1005 and the connecting tunnel 1007, the ore enters the through-vein transport tunnel 1015 through the chute 1008, and is finally transported to the stage transport tunnel 1013.

[0126] Support columns 1 are set in the mined sections of the mined stope 1001. When the first stope 1001 is the target stope 1002, after the first target stope 1002 is mined, multiple support columns 1 are set vertically along the vertical ore body direction in the target stope 1002, and while mining each of the remaining target stops 1002, multiple support columns 1 are set vertically along the vertical ore body direction in the mined sections of the current target stope 1002; when the first stope 1001 is a non-target stope 1003, while mining each of the target stops 1002, multiple support columns 1 are set vertically along the vertical ore body direction in the mined sections of the current target stope 1002.

[0127] After each layer is mined, the currently mined layer is uniformly filled with tailings cementation, and then the next layer is mined until all layers are mined.

[0128] The blasting method of stope 1001 adopts shallow hole blasting and smooth surface blasting, with a blasthole depth of 3m and a blasthole diameter of 40mm. Because the ore is relatively stable, a vertical blasthole is used. Smooth surface blasting can make the ore rock and adjacent filling body 1011 less damaged by blasting, maintain its own supporting capacity, and form a more regular cross-sectional shape. The use of shallow hole blasting can make the distribution of ore-breaking charges more uniform, the degree of crushing is better, and generally no secondary crushing is required, and the blasting efficiency is high.

[0129] After the blasting is completed, the mine room is ventilated. Generally, the pressure-in ventilation method is adopted, and the ventilation air duct usually adopts PVC hose. The fresh air flow enters the recovery stope 1001 from the auxiliary ramp 1014, the layered connecting tunnel 1005, and the segmented tunnel 1006 to clean the working face and is discharged to the stage return air tunnel 1012.

[0130] After the mine room is blasted and the blasting smoke is removed through effective ventilation, the safety personnel operate the mining site service trolley to clean up the loose rocks on the roof. During the production process, timely safety supervision should be strengthened to ensure that each work team has full-time safety personnel, and uninterrupted safety inspections are carried out on each production work surface to identify problems and deal with them in a timely manner.

[0131] Then the ore is unloaded, i.e. ore transportation. The ore from the mine room is shoveled by the loader and transported to the cutting level tunnel 1004, and then transported from the cutting level tunnel 1004 to the chute 1008 through the layered connecting tunnel 1005 and the connecting tunnel 1007. The ore enters the vein transport tunnel 1015 through the chute 1008 and is finally transported to the stage transport tunnel 1013.

[0132] Before the mining operation in the mining field 1001, the preparation and installation of the partial structure of the support column 1 are completed in advance on the well. Specifically, the preparation and assembly of the first pipe body 11, the casing 121, the support column body 13, the multi-stage pressure-relieving structure 14, and the primary pressure-relieving structure 16 are completed in advance to obtain the preliminary structure of the support column. Since the prefabrication of the partial structure of the support column 1 is completed in advance on the well to obtain the preliminary structure of the support column, when it is necessary to erect a column in the mining field 1001, the preliminary structure of the support column can be directly transported to the designated location for installation and fixation, and then filled with the expansion material 122, which has higher operation efficiency.

[0133] When it is necessary to install the support column 1 in the mining field 1001, first place the lower steel plate 3 at the designated position of the current mining field 1001, place the preliminary structure of the support column on the corresponding interval of the lower steel plate 3, arrange eight bolt holes at the bottom of the first constraint steel pipe 142 of the lower steel plate 3 and each multi-stage pressure-releasing structure 14, and fix the first constraint steel pipe 142 and the lower steel plate 3 pillar with bolts. Four constraint springs 15 are installed around each multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly 141, one end of the constraint spring 15 is connected to the multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly 141, and the other end is connected to the lower steel plate 3. After the preliminary structure of the support column is fixed in a row, two ribs 4 are welded and fixed in the middle of a row of support column bodies 13, and the ribs 4 are welded on the opposite sides of the support column body 13, so that all the preliminary structures of the support columns are connected into a whole; then an upper steel plate 2 is fixed on the outer top wall of each first tube body 11, and the first tube body 11 is fixed to the upper steel plate 2 by four bolts. Then, fill the casing 121 of each primary support structure 12 with cement through the injection hole 126, and then inject static crushing agent and water glass into the casing 121 of each primary support structure 12 at the same time, and close the injection hole 126. The static crushing agent, water glass and cement react chemically in the casing 121 to increase the volume of the cement. The water glass can effectively shorten the time for cement to solidify. At the same time, under the constraint of the second tube body 123, the force generated after the expansion mainly becomes an upward lifting force, which causes the third tube body 124 to move upward, thereby lifting the first tube body 11 toward the top plate, generating an initial support force, changing the passive support into an active support, and achieving close contact between the upper steel plate 2 and the top plate. After the upper steel plate 2 achieves close contact with the top plate, four prestressed anchor rods 5 are driven around each upper steel plate 2 toward the top plate to form a complete support column 1 structure.

[0134] After all the mining of stopes 1001 is completed, stope 1001 is cleaned, equipment and pipelines are removed, while the arranged support column 1 is retained, and a retaining wall is built at the junction with the layered connecting tunnel 1005, and then the entire layer is uniformly filled as required. The graded tailings are used for cementing filling, the mass ash-to-material ratio is 1:10, the mass concentration is above 65%, and the transportation method is pipeline gravity. After each layer is mined, it is filled in time and the stope 1001 is filled according to the proportion. The time for continuous filling is determined according to the reserve of filling materials prepared by the surface filling slurry and the filling volume of stope 1001. After all the filling of stopes 1001 is completed, the connecting road is closed, and the layered connecting tunnel 1005 is filled in the same way, and then the layer is uniformly raised to carry out the mining of the stope 1001 of the previous layer until the mining of all layers in the current mine room is completed. After the operation of the entire current mine room is completed, the other mine rooms in this stage will be operated until the entire stage and the entire ore body are mined.

[0135] In order to further illustrate the technical effect of the present application, the technical effect of the method is further illustrated by taking the 51 ore room in the middle section of the H8-4 ore body of a certain mine 101 as an example.

[0136] The mine room is located at the middle section of H8-4, line 47 to line 55. The ore body strikes NE30° to 70°, dips NW315°, and has an inclination of 45° to 50°. The ore body is moderately stable, the roof is unstable, and the ore body is produced in vein form. The ore type is mainly pyrite sericite granite, followed by pyrite potassium granite. The mineralization characteristics are mainly vein, mesh, and agglomerate, followed by impregnation. The geological grade is 2.70g / t, and the metal content is 48.55kg. The mine room originally used the point-column mechanized upward horizontal layered filling mining method for mining. Some point columns were left in each layer of the mine room to support the roof. Elements of the mine room: The mine room is basically arranged vertically to the ore body. The length of the mine room is 27m, the width of the mine room is 24m, the height of the mine room is 30m, the average thickness of the ore body is 27m, and the layered mining height is 3m. An average of 30 point columns are arranged in the mine room to support the roof. The specification of the point columns is φ3m and the height is 3m.

[0137] The upward horizontal layered filling mining method of the present invention is used to replace the original point-column mechanized upward horizontal layered filling mining method. The constituent elements of the mine room: the mine room is basically arranged vertically to the ore body, the length of the mine room is 27m, the width of the mine room is 24m, the height of the mine room is 30m, the average thickness of the ore body in the mine room is 27m, the layered mining height is 3m, and the specifications of the stope 1001 are 3×3m. Support columns 1 are arranged in 4 stopes 1001 in layers, and about 18 support columns 1 need to be arranged in each stope 1001 (considered according to the maximum density, such a high support density is not required in practice). The steel pipe size of the support column 1 arranged in the stope 1001 is φ299mm×10mm, and C40 grade core concrete is poured into the steel pipe.

[0138] Compared with the original mining method, one layer in a mine room can mine 30 more point columns. According to the ore body density of 2.07t / m 3 Calculation shows that one layer can produce an additional 3.14×1.5m×1.5m×3m×2.07t / m of ore. 3 ×30=1316.2t. According to the grade of 2.7g / t, 3553.8g of gold can be recovered. According to the market price of gold of 350 yuan / g, one layer can realize a profit of 1.244 million yuan.

[0139] For the support column 1, C40 concrete is required, calculated at a price of 360 yuan per ton, the cost of the steel pipe is about 3,600 yuan / t, the cost of natural rubber is about 12,835 yuan / t, the price of cement, static crusher, and water glass is about 200 yuan / t, the price of foamed cement is about 300 yuan / t, the price of expansion airbag 147 is about 1,000 yuan, and the price of upper steel plate 2 and lower steel plate 3 is 3,600 yuan / m 3, the price of prestressed anchor rod 5 is 1000 yuan / piece. In one support column 1, C40 concrete 3.14×0.15m×0.15m×1.5m=0.106m 3 , need steel pipe about 0.018m 3 The steel pipe here refers to the total amount of steel pipes, including the first pipe body 11, the second pipe body 123, the third pipe body 124, the fourth pipe body 143, the first restraining steel pipe 142, the second restraining steel pipe 162, and the fixed steel pipe 131; 2×1m×1m×0.01m=0.02m of steel plate are required 3 , 54 prestressed anchor rods are needed, and about 3.14×0.5m×0.5m×0.24m=0.022m of natural rubber is needed 3 , cement, static crusher, water glass about 0.06m 3 Considering factors such as slurry preparation, transportation, and pouring, the estimated cost is 10 yuan / m 3 The cost of each support column 1 is about 3,500 yuan. A total of 54 support columns 1 are arranged in each layer, and the total cost of the support columns 1 in one layer is 189,000 yuan.

[0140] In summary, when the ore body is mined by the present invention, one layer in the mine room can obtain more income: 1.244 million yuan - 189,000 yuan = 1.055 million yuan. It can be seen that under the premise of ensuring safe production, this method effectively improves the efficiency of the mine.

[0141] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these examples. Within the scope of the present invention, the above embodiments or technical features in different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0142] The embodiments of the present invention are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting pillars to protect the top, characterized in that: include: Divide the ore body to be mined into multiple stages along the vertical direction; dividing each of said stages into a plurality of chambers in a horizontal direction; Each of the mine rooms is divided into a plurality of layers in the vertical direction, and the ore bodies in each layer are mined in sequence from bottom to top; wherein the step of mining the ore bodies in each layer comprises: Evenly dividing the layer into a plurality of stopes perpendicular to the direction of the ore body along the direction of the ore body, and sequentially performing mining operations on the target ore bodies in the plurality of stopes along the direction of the ore body; In the mined stope, a plurality of support pillars for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged at intervals from the stope, and the plurality of support pillars are arranged along the vertical direction of the ore body in the mined stope; After the mining of each layer is completed, the currently mined layer is uniformly cemented and filled with tailings, and then the next layer is mined, until the mining of all the layers is completed.

2. The upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting pillars to protect the top according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Dividing the multiple stopes into target stopes and non-target stopes, wherein the target stopes and the non-target stopes are arranged alternately; When the first stope is the target stope, in the mined stope, a plurality of support columns for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged at intervals between the stopes, including: After the first target stope is mined, a plurality of support columns for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged in the first target stope along the vertical direction of the ore body; While each of the remaining target stopes is being mined, a plurality of support columns for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body direction on the mined section in the current target stope; When the first stope is the non-target stope, in the mined stope, a plurality of support columns for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged at intervals between the stopes, including: While each of the target stopes is being mined, a plurality of support columns for supporting the top plate of the ore body are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body direction on the mined section in the current target stope.

3. The upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting pillars to protect the top according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The steps of mining operations include: Blasting the target ore body to be mined; Transport the blasted ore out of the current layer; Among them, all the ores that are blasted and collapsed in the non-target stopes are transported out of the current layer through the mined-out sections in the current operation stope; When the first stope is the target stope, the ore of the first target stope is transported out of the current layer via the mined-out section in the current operation stope, and the ore of the remaining target stopes is transported out of the current layer via the mined-out sections in the adjacent non-target stopes; When the first mining area is the non-target mining area, all the ores in the target mining areas are transported out of the current layer through the mined-out sections in the adjacent non-target mining areas.

4. The upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting pillars to protect the top according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The support column comprises a first tube body, a primary support structure, a support column body and a multi-stage pressure relief structure arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The first tube body is a bottom opening structure and is used to bear the pressure of the top plate of the ore body; The primary support structure includes a sleeve and an expansion material filled in the sleeve, the sleeve is sleeved in the first tube body, the top of the sleeve is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first tube body and is used to bear the pressure of the first tube body, and the bottom is connected to the top of the support column body; The multi-stage pressure-yielding structure includes a multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly and a first restraining steel pipe with an upper opening structure. The bottom of the multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly is arranged in the first restraining steel pipe, and the top extends out of the upper opening of the first restraining steel pipe and is connected to the bottom of the supporting column body; the first restraining steel pipe is arranged on the mined road surface in the mining field.

5. The upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting pillars to protect the top according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The sleeve comprises a second tube body with an upper opening structure and a third tube body with a lower opening structure. The third tube body is sleeved in the second tube body, and the top is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first tube body, and is used to bear the pressure of the first tube body; the lower opening of the third tube body is located in the second tube body; The bottom of the second tube body is connected to the top of the supporting column body; The internal space enclosed by the third tube body and the second tube body is filled with the expansion material.

6. The upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting pillars to protect the top according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The multi-stage pressure-releasing structure comprises a fourth tube body, an airbag buffer and a first rubber pressure-releasing column which are arranged in sequence up and down; The fourth tube body is a bottom opening structure, and the outer top wall is connected to the bottom of the supporting column body; The airbag buffer component includes a composite buffer column and an inflatable airbag arranged on the outer side wall of the bottom of the composite buffer column and inflatable when encountering external force. The composite buffer column is sleeved in the fourth tube body, and the top is connected to the inner top wall of the fourth tube body, and the bottom is connected to the first rubber pressure relief column; Wherein, the composite buffer column comprises a first column and a second column arranged up and down; The first column is made of foamed cement, and the top is connected to the inner top wall of the fourth tube; The second column is a steel column, and the bottom is connected to the first rubber yield column.

7. The upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting pillars to protect the top according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A primary pressure relief structure is also provided between the first tube body and the sleeve; The primary pressure relief structure comprises a second rubber pressure relief column and a second restraining steel tube with an upper opening structure, wherein the bottom of the second rubber pressure relief column is arranged in the second restraining steel tube, and the top extends out of the upper opening of the second restraining steel tube and is connected to the inner top wall of the first tube body; The top of the sleeve is connected to the bottom of the second restraining steel pipe, and the bottom is connected to the top of the supporting column body.

8. The upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting pillars to protect the top according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The outer top wall of the first tube body is connected to a plurality of prestressed anchor rods through an upper steel plate, and the prestressed anchor rods are connected to the top plate of the ore body.

9. The upward horizontal layered filling mining method using supporting pillars to protect the top according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The plurality of support columns arranged in the same stope are divided into at least one group; all the support columns in each group are connected as a whole through a lower steel plate and at least one pair of rib plates; One side of the lower steel plate is arranged on the mined road surface in the stope, and the other side is connected to the first restraining steel pipe; The at least one pair of ribs are relatively arranged on both sides of the plurality of supporting columns and are connected to the supporting column body of each supporting column.

10. According to the upward horizontal layered filling mining method using support columns to protect the top as described in claim 9, each of the support columns also includes a plurality of restraint springs, the plurality of restraint springs are inclined and evenly arranged on the outside of the multi-stage pressure-relieving assembly, and the top of each of the restraint springs is connected to the multi-stage pressure-relieving assembly, and the bottom is connected to the lower steel plate.

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