Blasting method for one-time forming of edge blasting area of hillside type surface mine

Abstract

The invention discloses a one-time forming blasting method for a mountain slope type surface mine edge blasting area, and belongs to the surface mine safety mining technology. The method comprises the following steps that S1, the diameter of a blast hole and the hole net parameter of the blast hole are determined according to the lithology of ore rock; s2, the limb blasting area is divided into a free face area and a main production area according to the distance between the blast hole and the free face; s3, drilling blast holes in a free face area and a main production area of the limb blasting area according to the determined blast hole diameter and blast hole mesh parameters; s4, the drilled blast hole is filled with powder; s5, blast hole line connection is conducted on the blast holes subjected to explosive filling, and the blast hole detonating sequence of the main production area is earlier than the blast hole detonating sequence of the free face area; and S6, the detonation area is warned to complete detonation operation. According to the method, the influence of blasting rolling stones on normal production activities of the free face area of the mine is reduced, the secondary crushing of partition walls of the mine and the rolling stone protection workload are reduced, and the production efficiency and economic benefits of the surface mine are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a one-time forming blasting method for an edge blasting zone of a hillside type open-pit mine, belonging to the technical field of safe mining of open-pit mines. Background Art

[0002] In the process of step mining in open-pit mines, the ore and rock need to be divided into several horizontal layers according to a certain thickness, and then mined layer by layer in a step-like manner from top to bottom. For hard rock open-pit mines, rock drilling and blasting is the simplest, most economical and most efficient method of rock crushing. It has become the main method of rock crushing in large and medium-sized open-pit mines at home and abroad. However, the mining process of hillside open-pit mines inevitably requires blasting operations in the mine's open face area with a complex environment. Such areas are usually at the edge of the current horizontal stratification, close to high and steep slopes, and below may be existing transportation routes, gullies, and residential areas waiting to be protected. If controlled blasting methods are not used for construction, flying rocks and rolling rocks on the slopes caused by explosive explosions are very likely to damage the objects to be protected, resulting in unnecessary civil or criminal disputes.

[0003] At present, the main methods for controlling blasting rocks in the blasting area near the hillside open-pit mine are to reserve partition walls for secondary crushing and to deploy active protection devices to control blasting rocks.

[0004] For example, the Chinese patent application number CN201710370213.7 discloses a method for controlled blasting slope cutting in a road cutting under a complex environment, the Chinese patent application number CN201310690879.2 discloses a method for controlled blasting of loosened steep mountains adjacent to existing lines, and the Chinese patent application number CN201711248286.6 discloses a method for construction of high slopes over 100m at zero distance from aisles. All of them are blasting methods with secondary crushing of reserved partition walls. Usually, the blasting area is divided into a large main mining area and a small adjacent slope mining area by step blasting. After the blasting and rock breaking in the main mining area is completed, small-diameter blastholes or breakers are used to mine the adjacent slope area.

[0005] For example, the Chinese patent application number CN202223327337.2 discloses a support structure and an open-air blasting rock rolling protection fence, the Chinese patent application number CN201711345674.5 discloses an engineering blasting slope monitoring and protection system, the Chinese patent application number CN202121737201.1 discloses a blasting protection device adjacent to the slope, and the Chinese patent application number CN202211619263.1 discloses a combined open-air blasting rock rolling protection fence and installation method, all of which use active protection devices to control blasting rocks. This type of technology usually arranges rock rolling interception devices on the slope through facilities such as anchor rods and nails, and sets a protective fence with supporting capacity under the rocks, thereby achieving passive protection against blasting rocks.

[0006] The above existing blasting methods have a certain ability to prevent blasting stones from injuring people and property when blasting in the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine. However, the secondary crushing of the partition wall requires multiple blastings in steps, the detonation control is cumbersome, the secondary blasting construction is very dangerous, and the arrangement of protective fences will increase the blasting cost. All of these have brought many inconveniences to the production and operation of the mine. It is necessary to propose new technical methods that are simple to operate and effectively protect against rolling stones generated by blasting in the open-pit mine's free surface area. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem solved by the present invention is: in view of the many problems existing in the existing blasting methods in preventing blasting stone rolling in the open-pit mine free-surface area, a one-time blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine is provided.

[0008] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0009] The one-step blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine includes the following steps:

[0010] S1. Obtain the lithology of the ore and rock in the blasting area to provide a basis for the subsequent selection of blasting parameters, and determine the blasthole diameter and blasthole network parameters according to the ore and rock lithology;

[0011] S2. Divide the edge blasting area into the free surface area and the main production area according to the distance between the blasthole and the free surface. The area close to the free surface is divided into the free surface area, and the rest of the area far from the free surface is divided into the main production area.

[0012] S3, drilling blastholes in the edge blasting area according to the blasthole diameter and blasthole pattern parameters determined in step S1, wherein the blastholes in the main production area are arranged in a vertical drilling form, and the blastholes in the open face area that are closest to the open face are arranged in an inclined drilling form, and the inclination direction is the same as the slope of the open face;

[0013] S4, charging and plugging the drilled blastholes, the blastholes in the main production area are charged with explosives by continuous coupling and charging, the blastholes in the open area are charged with explosives by radial continuous uncoupling and charging, and the amount of explosives charged in the blastholes in the open area is gradually reduced and the length of the blasthole plugging section is increased according to the distance between the blastholes and the open area from far to near;

[0014] S5, connecting the blastholes that have been filled with explosives, and the blasthole detonation order of the main production area is prior to the blasthole detonation order of the open area;

[0015] S6. Alert the blasting area and complete the detonation operation.

[0016] In the one-step blasting method for the edge blasting zone of a hillside open-pit mine of the present invention, further, in the step S1, a geological survey of the edge blasting zone is carried out to obtain the main lithology and structural surface characteristics of the blasting zone, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional numerical calculation model of the rock mass in the edge blasting zone is established using the finite element software LS-DYNA, the materials provided by the LS-DYNA software are used to simulate the rock mass in the blasting zone, high-energy explosive materials are selected to simulate on-site explosives, and the actual blasthole diameter and blasthole network parameters are selected by analyzing the crack development and stress distribution of the rock mass in the edge blasting zone.

[0017] In the one-time forming blasting method of the hillside open-pit mine edge blasting area of ​​the present invention, further, the free surface area is the area where two rows of blast holes close to the free surface are located.

[0018] In the one-step forming blasting method of the hillside open-pit mine edge blasting area of ​​the present invention, further, the diameter of the blasthole in the free surface area is less than or equal to the diameter of the blasthole in the main production area. The blasthole in the free surface area is selected to have a smaller blasthole diameter than that in the main production area, and by drilling more holes and charging less explosives, while achieving effective rock crushing and reducing the amount of secondary crushing, it also reduces blasting flying rocks and loose rocks rolling down in the free surface area.

[0019] In the one-time forming blasting method of the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine of the present invention, further, the distance from the edge row of blast holes closest to the free face in the free face area to the bottom plate resistance line of the free face is 1.2-1.5 times the bottom plate resistance line of the previous row of blast holes, so as to prevent excessive rolling of loose stones caused by blasting the free face.

[0020] In the one-step forming blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine of the present invention, further, in the step S3, different colors are used to distinguish and mark the blast holes drilled in the free surface area and the main production area.

[0021] In the one-time forming blasting method of the hillside open-pit mine edge blasting zone of the present invention, further, in the step S3, after all the blast holes are drilled, the RTK equipment is used to record the three-dimensional geographic coordinates of each blast hole mouth, and the blasting network diagram of the edge blasting zone is designed according to the three-dimensional geographic coordinates of each blast hole, and the blasting design software is used to calculate and analyze the detonation time of each blast hole, the blasting network isochrone and the rock throwing direction.

[0022] In the one-time forming blasting method of the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine of the present invention, further, in the step S4, the blastholes in the main production area are filled with ammonium nitrate oil explosives, and the blastholes in the free surface area are filled with strip emulsion explosives, and the charge of the blastholes in the free surface area is 1 / 2-2 / 3 of the charge of the blastholes in the main production area.

[0023] In the one-time forming blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine of the present invention, further, the side row of blast holes closest to the free surface in the free surface area are filled with explosives using an axially spaced charging method, the middle of the blast hole is blocked with rock cuttings, and two high-precision in-hole detonating cord detonators with different delay times are used for detonation, and the lower charge of the blast hole is detonated before the upper charge.

[0024] In the one-time forming blasting method of the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine of the present invention, further, in the step S5, double to multiple detonating cord detonators are used to connect the main production area and the free surface area, and between each row of blast holes inside the free surface area, so that when the blast holes in the free surface area are detonated, the blast holes in the main production area in front of them have been detonated, and the broken rock blocks in the main production area have moved a certain distance toward the detonation point, thereby providing more loose holes for blasting the blast holes in the free surface area.

[0025] In the above-mentioned blasting method of the present invention, by optimizing the blasthole inclination angle, charge amount, charge structure and blasting network in the open face area of ​​the hillside open-pit mine, the backwash management and instantaneous free surface control during the blasting of the blastholes in the main production area are realized, and the broken rocks in the open face area of ​​the blasting area are effectively avoided, so that the ore and rock in the open face area are broken but not moved, forming a broken layer that can be effectively shoveled by the shoveling equipment without the formation of blasting rolling stones. The main throwing direction of the rock blocks in the edge blasting area is not toward the open face direction, and the blasting network does not use the open face as the backwash area. During the blasting process, the instantaneous free surface of the blasting network gradually expands with the detonation process, which, on the one hand, avoids the formation of blasting rolling stones and effectively guarantees the normal operation of public facilities near the open face. On the other hand, the one-time forming of the main production area and the open face area is realized, avoiding the secondary crushing of the partition wall and the arrangement of blasting rolling stone protection facilities.

[0026] To sum up, the one-time blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine provided by the present invention effectively combines the technical advantages of blasting post-shock control, interval charging technology, and micro-difference blasting technology, reduces the impact of blasting rolling stones on the normal production activities in the open-face area of ​​the mine, reduces the workload of secondary crushing of partition walls and rolling stone protection in the mine, improves the production efficiency and economic benefits of the open-pit mine, provides strong support for safe and efficient mining in hillside open-pit mines, and has broad promotion and application value.

[0027] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the steps of the blasting method for one-time forming of the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a geographical location map of the blasting area adjacent to the hillside open-pit mine in the embodiment.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement of blastholes in the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine in the embodiment.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the blasthole structure in the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine in the embodiment.

[0032] Figure 5 It is a blasthole connection diagram of the blasting area adjacent to the hillside open-pit mine in the embodiment.

[0033] Numbers in the figure: 1. Edge blasting area, 1-1. Main production area, 1-2. Free surface area, 2. Free surface slope, 3. Transportation road, 4. Blast hole, 5. Distance from the bottom of blast hole in free surface area to the last row of blast holes, 6. Distance from the bottom of the last row of blast holes in free surface area to the chassis resistance line of free surface, 7 / 9 / 11 / 13 / 15. Drill cuttings, 8. Ammonium oil explosive, 10 / 12 / 14 / 16. Emulsion explosive, 17 / 18. High-precision detonating cord detonator, 19. Activation pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Example

[0035] See also Figure 2-5 The environment of the blasting area near the hillside open-pit mine mentioned in this embodiment is complex. Below the free-surface slope 2 on one side of the blasting area 1 is the main transportation road 3 of the mine. Some scattered gravel is accumulated on the free-surface slope of the blasting area. It is necessary to control the blasting rolling stones generated during blasting in the blasting area near the hillside to avoid affecting the main transportation road of the mine.

[0036] The one-step blasting method of the present invention is used for the blasting area near the edge of the hillside open-pit mine. Figure 1As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0037] S1. Obtain the lithology of the ore rock in the blasting area, and determine the blasthole diameter and blasthole network parameters according to the lithology of the ore rock. Carry out geological survey on the blasting area of ​​the hillside open-pit mine, and analyze that the main lithology of the blasting area is granodiorite area, with relatively developed joints and fissures.

[0038] S2. According to the distance between the blasthole and the free surface, the edge blasting area is divided into the free surface area and the main production area. The area close to the free surface is divided into the free surface area, and the rest of the area far from the free surface is divided into the main production area.

[0039] In view of the fact that the step height of the edge blasting area of ​​the hillside open-pit mine is 10m and the angle of the free face is about 80 degrees, this embodiment defines the area 16m close to the free face of the edge blasting area 1 (with two rows of blastholes) as the free face area 1-2, and the rest of the edge blasting area 1 away from the free face is defined as the main production area 1-1. Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown.

[0040] Combined with the main lithology and joint fissure development in the area, and referring to the production blasthole diameter and hole network parameters of the same lithology area in the mine, the hole network parameters of the main production area are determined. Specifically, the blasthole diameter and hole network parameters of the main production area can be determined by engineering analogy with the production parameters of the same type of mines, conducting test blasting research at the mine site, and consulting relevant information on open-pit deep hole step blasting design. Combined with the main lithology and joint fissure development in the area, and considering the convenience of construction, the same blasthole diameter and hole network parameters as those in the main production area can be selected. If construction conditions permit, the blastholes in the open face area can use a smaller blasthole diameter than the main production area. By drilling more holes and charging less explosives, while achieving effective rock crushing and reducing the amount of secondary crushing, it can also reduce blasting flying rocks and loose rocks rolling in the open face area.

[0041] In order to finely control the blasting effect in the free area, this embodiment can select the blasting parameters in the free area for the first time by using the finite element software LS-DYNA to establish a two-dimensional or three-dimensional numerical calculation model of the rock mass in the free area, use high-energy explosive materials to simulate on-site explosives, and use the No. 272 ​​material provided by LS-DYNA to simulate the engineering rock mass. By analyzing the crack development and stress distribution of the rock mass in the free area, reasonable blasting parameters can be selected.

[0042] S3. Drill blastholes in the edge blasting area according to the blasthole diameter and blasthole grid parameters determined in step S1, wherein the blastholes in the main production area are arranged in a vertical drilling form, and the blastholes in the open face area that are closest to the open face are arranged in an inclined drilling form, and the inclination direction is the same as the slope of the open face.

[0043] After step S2, referring to the production blasting experience of other non-open-face areas of the mine, the blasting parameters of the main production area 1-1 in this embodiment are determined as follows: the diameter of the blasthole 4 in the main production area is selected as 140mm, the ultra-deep is selected as 1m, the blasthole depth is 11m, and the hole network parameters are 6m×5m.

[0044] The distance from the side row of blast holes closest to the free surface to the free surface chassis resistance line is 1.2-1.5 times the distance from the chassis resistance line of the previous row of blast holes to prevent excessive rolling of loose stones from blasting on the free surface.

[0045] In this embodiment, the diameter of the blastholes 4 in the free surface area of ​​the blasting zone is also selected to be 140 mm in consideration of the need for construction convenience. In actual applications, if a multi-diameter drilling rig is available, the diameter of the blastholes in the free surface area of ​​the blasting zone can be selected to be smaller than the diameter of the blastholes in the main production area according to actual conditions. The mouths of the last row of holes in the free surface area close to the free surface are 6 m away from the top line of the free surface slope, the blasthole depth is 11 m, the blasthole inclination is 85°, and the distance 6 between the bottom of the last row of blastholes in the free surface area and the chassis resistance line of the free surface is 7 m. The mouths of the second row of blastholes in the free surface area are 10 m away from the top line of the free surface slope, the blasthole depth is 11 m, the blasthole inclination is 90 degrees, the distance 5 between the bottom of the blastholes in the free surface area and the last row of blastholes is 5 m, and the distance from the last row of holes in the main production area is 5 m. Figure 3 shown.

[0046] According to the arrangement of blastholes in the adjacent blasting area, the drilling rig is dispatched to drill the blastholes. During the drilling process, the drilling rig needs to drill accurately according to the blasthole position and blasthole angle. After the drilling is completed, the inclinometer is used to obtain the blasthole deviation to avoid serious differences between the chassis resistance line and the blasting design. After the drilling is completed, the RTK equipment is used to record the three-dimensional geological coordinates of each blasthole.

[0047] After all the blast holes in the blasting area are completed, different colors are used to distinguish and mark the blast holes drilled in the open area and the main production area. The specific method is to use blue plastic bags to mark the blast holes in the main production area, and red plastic bags to mark the blast holes in the open area, and place stones on the plastic bags marking the positions of the blast holes to prevent the plastic bags from moving.

[0048] S4. Charge and plug the drilled blastholes. The blastholes in the main production area are charged with explosives by continuous coupling and charging, and the blastholes in the open area are charged with explosives by radial continuous uncoupling and charging. In addition, the amount of explosives charged in the blastholes in the open area is gradually reduced and the length of the blasthole plugging section is increased according to the distance between the blasthole and the open surface.

[0049] Specific as Figure 4As shown, for the blasthole charging and filling in the main production area of ​​the present embodiment, the blasting engineering technicians appointed blasters to make a detonating charge made of 15 sections of high-precision detonating cord detonators in the hole with a delay time of 350ms and a diameter of 90mm emulsion explosive, and each main production area blasthole required a detonating charge. Thereafter, the detonating charge was hoisted into the blasthole using a sling, and the ammonium oil explosive 8 was continuously loaded above it until the charge height was 7.0m. Finally, the blaster used a shovel to load the drill cuttings 7 formed during drilling into the blasthole plugging section until the blasthole plugging section was flush with the ground surface.

[0050] For the charging and filling of the open-face area in this embodiment, the blasting engineering and technical personnel appoint blasters to make explosive packages made of 15-section in-hole high-precision detonating cord detonators with a delay time of 350ms and 90mm diameter emulsion explosive, and 16-section in-hole high-precision detonating cord detonators with a delay time of 375ms and 90mm diameter emulsion explosive. Each blast hole in the open-face area requires two explosive packages, including one explosive package of 15-section in-hole detonating cord detonators and one explosive package of 16-section in-hole detonating cord detonators.

[0051] For the last row of blastholes closest to the free surface in the free surface area, first, the detonator package containing 350ms in-hole detonator is hoisted into the blasthole, and the 90ms diameter emulsion explosive 12 is loaded on top until the charging height reaches 3.0m. Afterwards, the blaster uses a shovel to load the drill cuttings 11 into the plugging section until the top of the plug is 5.0m above the blasthole mouth. Afterwards, continue to load a detonator package containing 375ms in-hole detonator, load 90mm diameter emulsion explosive 10 until the charging height is 8.0m, and load drill cuttings 9 on top until it is flush with the hole mouth. The charge amount of the blastholes in the free surface area is generally 1 / 2-2 / 3 of the charge amount of the blastholes in the main production area.

[0052] For the remaining second row of blastholes in the open area, first, the detonator package containing 350ms in-hole detonator was hoisted into the blasthole, and the 90ms diameter emulsion explosive 16 was loaded on top until the loading height reached 3.0m. Afterwards, the blaster used a shovel to load the drill cuttings 15 into the plugging section until the top of the plugging was 6.0m above the blasthole mouth. Afterwards, a detonator package containing 375ms in-hole detonator was loaded, and the 90mm diameter emulsion explosive 14 was loaded until the loading height reached 8.0m, and the drill cuttings 13 were loaded on top until they were flush with the hole mouth.

[0053] S5. Connect the blast holes that have been filled with explosives. The blast holes in the main production area should be detonated in a sequence prior to that in the open area.

[0054] Use 3DMINE, DATAMINE, DIGITALMINE and other blasting design software to import the previously recorded blasthole GPS data, select the detonation point in the appropriate area of ​​the edge blasting area according to the principle that the detonation network does not use the free surface as the backwash area, the blasting area does not use the free surface as the main free surface, and the instantaneous free surface of the blasting area should be gradually expanded, and perform a preliminary design of the blasting network in the blasting design software. After completing the preliminary design, the blasting isochrone analysis and rock throwing direction analysis functions of the blasting design software are used to explore and optimize the blasting network. For the blasting area of ​​this embodiment, the 3DMINE intelligent mining software is used to analyze the throwing direction of broken rocks at different positions, and finally the detonation point is set to the right front of the blasting area.

[0055] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment starts to connect the last row of blastholes in the free surface area farthest from the detonation point, and uses high-precision detonating cord detonators 18 with a delay time of 42ms as the detonator connection between holes, and uses high-precision detonating cord detonators 17 with a delay time of 65ms as the detonator connection between rows. In the blastholes in the main production area, one high-precision detonating cord detonator 17 with a delay time of 65ms outside the hole is used to connect the blastholes in different rows in the main production area. In the blastholes in the free surface area, two high-precision detonating cord detonators 17 with a delay time of 65ms outside the hole are connected in series to realize the transmission of explosion between different detonators, so that the blastholes in the free surface area are detonated 130ms later than the blastholes in the main production area. When the blastholes in the free surface area are detonated, the blastholes in the main production area in front of them have been detonated, and the broken rock blocks have moved a certain distance toward the detonation point, thereby providing more loose holes for the blasting of the blastholes in the free surface area.

[0056] S6. Alert the blasting area and complete the detonation operation.

[0057] Complete the alert work at the main intersections near the blasting area, issue warning signals and detonation signals, and use the trigger pin 19 as the detonator detonator to complete the blasting operation in the blasting area. After the blast holes are dispersed and the blast pile is stable, arrange experienced blasting engineering and technical personnel to check whether there are blind shells in the blasting area, and issue the warning signal to lift the warning of the blasting area without safety risks.

[0058] After verification, it was found that after the blasting in the edge blasting area of ​​this embodiment, there were obvious cracks on the free surface slope, but the slope remained intact as a whole without obvious collapse. In addition, there was no obvious new gravel on the main transportation road below the free surface slope, and the blasting effect was good. The blasting construction in the edge blasting area did not have a significant impact on the normal production of the mine.

[0059] In this document, the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "vertical", and "horizontal" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the clarity of expressing the technical solutions and the convenience of description, and therefore should not be understood as limitations of the present invention.

[0060] In this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion of elements other than those listed and may also include additional elements not expressly listed.

[0061] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A one-step blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine, characterized in that The steps include: S1. Obtain the lithology of the ore and rock in the blasting area, and determine the blasthole diameter and blasthole network parameters according to the ore and rock lithology; S2. Divide the edge blasting area into the free surface area and the main production area according to the distance between the blasthole and the free surface. The area close to the free surface is divided into the free surface area, and the rest of the area far from the free surface is divided into the main production area. S3, drilling blastholes in the edge blasting area according to the blasthole diameter and blasthole pattern parameters determined in step S1, wherein the blastholes in the main production area are arranged in a vertical drilling form, and the blastholes in the open face area that are closest to the open face are arranged in an inclined drilling form, and the inclination direction is the same as the slope of the open face; S4, charging and plugging the drilled blastholes, the blastholes in the main production area are charged with explosives by continuous coupling and charging, the blastholes in the open area are charged with explosives by radial continuous uncoupling and charging, and the amount of explosives charged in the blastholes in the open area is gradually reduced and the length of the blasthole plugging section is increased according to the distance between the blastholes and the open area from far to near; S5, connecting the blastholes that have been filled with explosives, and the blasthole detonation order of the main production area is prior to the blasthole detonation order of the open area; S6. Alert the blasting area and complete the detonation operation.

2. The one-step blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine according to claim 1 is characterized by: In the step S1, a geological survey is conducted on the adjacent blasting area to obtain the main lithology and structural surface characteristics of the blasting area, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional numerical calculation model of the rock mass in the adjacent blasting area is established using the finite element software LS-DYNA, the materials provided by the LS-DYNA software are used to simulate the rock mass in the blasting area, high-energy explosive materials are selected to simulate on-site explosives, and the actual blasthole diameter and blasthole network parameters are selected by analyzing the crack development and stress distribution of the rock mass in the adjacent blasting area.

3. The one-step blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine according to claim 1 is characterized by: The free surface area is the area where two rows of blast holes close to the free surface are located.

4. The one-step blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine according to claim 3 is characterized by: The diameter of the blastholes in the open area is less than or equal to the diameter of the blastholes in the main production area.

5. The one-step blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The distance from the side row of blast holes closest to the free surface in the free surface area to the free surface chassis resistance line is 1.2-1.5 times the distance from the chassis resistance line of the previous row of blast holes.

6. The one-step blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S3, different colors are used to distinguish and mark the blastholes drilled in the open area and the main production area.

7. The one-step blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine according to claim 6 is characterized by: In step S3, after all blastholes are drilled, the 3D geographic coordinates of each blasthole mouth are recorded by RTK equipment, and a blasting network diagram of the adjacent blasting area is designed according to the 3D geographic coordinates of each blasthole. The detonation time of each blasthole, the blasting network isochrone and the rock throwing direction are calculated and analyzed by blasting design software.

8. The one-step blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S4, the blastholes in the main production area are filled with ammonium oil explosive, and the blastholes in the free surface area are filled with strip emulsion explosive, and the charge amount of the blastholes in the free surface area is 1 / 2-2 / 3 of the charge amount of the blastholes in the main production area.

9. The one-step blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The side row of blast holes closest to the free surface in the free surface area are filled with explosives using an axially spaced charging method, the middle of the blast hole is blocked with rock cuttings, and two high-precision in-hole detonating cord detonators with different delay times are used for detonation, and the lower charge of the blast hole is detonated before the upper charge.

10. The one-step blasting method for the edge blasting area of ​​a hillside open-pit mine according to claim 1 is characterized by: In the step S5, double to multiple detonating cord detonators are used to connect the main production area and the free surface area, and between the rows of blast holes in the free surface area.

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