Device and method for verifying conservative property of optical fingerprint factor of erosion sediment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil erosion and particularly discloses a device and method for verifying conservative property of optical fingerprint factors of erosion sediment, and the device comprises a box body, a stepped flow guide module, a movement adjusting mechanism and a simulated scouring unit, the stepped flow guide module is arranged in a closed experimental space and comprises a plurality of transportation liquid guide grooves; each transporting and liquid guiding groove is obliquely arranged, the lower end of the previous transporting and liquid guiding groove is connected with the higher end of the next transporting and liquid guiding groove, and each transporting and liquid guiding groove can form a collecting state by sealing the lower end of the transporting and liquid guiding groove or form a transporting and liquid guiding state by conducting the lower end of the transporting and liquid guiding groove; the movement adjusting mechanism is connected with each conveying liquid guide groove, and the movement adjusting mechanism is used for driving the corresponding conveying liquid guide groove to move in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction; and the simulated washing unit is used for providing washing water for the conveying liquid guide groove moving to the first layer. Compared with the prior art, the method can effectively solve the problem that accurate evaluation of erosion sediment optical fingerprint factor conservative property is limited.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil erosion, and in particular to a device and a method for verifying the conservatism of an optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment. Background Art

[0002] At present, about one-third of the world's land is threatened by soil erosion, leading to serious problems such as land degradation, river siltation and water pollution. Identifying the source of eroded sediment is the key to understanding the occurrence and development of soil erosion and preventing and controlling soil and water loss. It also plays an important reference role in the targeted management of erosion source areas and the formulation of soil and water conservation measures. At present, the sediment source fingerprint identification method is widely used in the quantitative tracing of sediment sources because of its rapidity, freedom from time and space scale restrictions and low cost. The fingerprint refers to the physical, chemical or biological information adsorbed or encapsulated by soil or sediment, such as geochemical elements, soil magnetism, color, etc. When selecting these fingerprint features, their temporal and spatial stability, i.e., conservatism, must be ensured. Optical composite fingerprint tracing technology uses the optical characteristics of sediment as fingerprint factors, and uses them to determine the sediment source and its relative contribution by using the significant differences in sediments from different sources and the conservation during erosion and migration. The optical fingerprint feature can accurately capture the physical and chemical information of materials, which is the key to tracing the source of sediment, and its conservatism determines the accuracy of the tracing results. However, current research has not yet concluded whether optical features are stable and conservative during the erosion-deposition process, which limits the application of optical tracing technology in sediment source identification. The size, shape, and composition of sediment particles may change during erosion, transportation, and deposition, resulting in changes in sediment-related properties. These changes are affected by many factors, including hydrodynamic conditions, terrain slope, temperature, light, and underlying surface, which in turn reduce the accuracy of sediment source identification. For example, collisions between particles may cause changes in particle size and shape, thereby changing their optical properties; friction between particles and between particles and the underlying surface may affect their roundness, thereby affecting their reflection and absorption of light; in addition, there are also effects such as aggregate breakage during sediment transportation, which causes the previously encapsulated organic matter to be exposed and then undergo varying degrees of mineralization and decomposition, which will also affect the conservatism of sediment optical features.

[0003] In order to verify the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor, it is necessary to combine the sediment transport device and compare and analyze the changes in the spectral characteristics of the sediment samples before and after the transport to evaluate whether the optical fingerprint factor is conservative. The core of this method is to simulate the sediment transport process under natural conditions and observe the changes in its optical properties. However, in the current research on sediment fingerprint conservatism, there is a lack of relevant indoor simulation devices to effectively simulate the long-distance transport of eroded sediment under natural conditions. Most of the existing devices are short-distance scour troughs, and their length is usually limited to a few meters. They are mainly suitable for studying local scour, deposition and short-term sediment movement characteristics. Such a scale is far from enough to simulate the long-distance transport process of sediment under natural conditions, and it is also impossible to fully reflect the physical and chemical reactions that sediment may experience during long-distance transport, and the potential impact of these reactions on the optical fingerprint factor.

[0004] Among them, a long-distance water quality simulation device is disclosed in CN102392430A, which uses a lifting pump to introduce water flow into a pipeline system to form a cycle, and explores water quality changes based on this. However, the device is difficult to achieve the purpose of the present invention in terms of research objects and simulation conditions. First, the device is mainly aimed at pollutants such as suspended particles, organic matter, metal ions, nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms, while the physical and chemical properties of eroded sediment are significantly different from those of eroded sediment. Erosion sediment not only contains particles of different particle sizes, but also involves complex soil structure and composition. It is difficult for the device to accurately simulate its transport process; secondly, erosion transport is affected by many factors, such as rainfall intensity, terrain slope, dry and wet alternation, etc. Under the joint action of these factors, sediment is transported, and the device forms a circulating water flow through a pressure pump to simulate the transmission state of water flow, but cannot simulate the various natural conditions and their effects required for soil erosion transport; in addition, the water flow is circulated by pressurizing the pressure pump, which will not only block the pressure pump, but also increase the damage to the soil structure, making it difficult to accurately reflect the actual transport state of sediment in the natural environment. Therefore, it is difficult to evaluate the conservativeness of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment using existing devices and technologies. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of sediment is limited due to insufficient dynamic simulation of long-distance migration processes, lack of a synergistic mechanism of multiple environmental factors, and susceptibility of soil structure to human disturbance.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first aspect of the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment, comprising:

[0007] A box body, wherein the box body has a closed experimental space and an environment adjustment unit for adjusting temperature and light intensity is arranged on the top side thereof;

[0008] A stepped flow guide module, which is arranged in a closed experimental space and includes a plurality of transfer and liquid guide grooves arranged alternately from top to bottom, each transfer and liquid guide groove is arranged obliquely and the lower end of the previous transfer and liquid guide groove is connected to the higher end of the next transfer and liquid guide groove, and each transfer and liquid guide groove forms a collection state by sealing its lower end or forms a transfer and liquid guide state by conducting its lower end;

[0009] A moving adjustment mechanism, which is arranged in the closed experimental space and is connected to each transfer and liquid guiding groove, and is used to drive the corresponding transfer and liquid guiding groove to move in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction;

[0010] A simulated flushing unit, which is arranged in the closed experimental space and located above the stepped diversion module, and is used to provide flushing water to the transfer and diversion tank moved to the first floor;

[0011] A multi-parameter coupling control system, wherein the multi-parameter coupling control system cooperates with an environment adjustment unit, a liquid transfer tank, a mobile adjustment mechanism and a simulated flushing unit to coordinately control the corresponding operations of each unit.

[0012] Technical principle:

[0013] The box is used to provide a closed experimental space; a stepped diversion module is constructed in the box; during initialization, all the transfer and diversion troughs in the stepped diversion module are in the same vertical plane; the last layer of the transfer and diversion trough is adjusted to a collection state, and the remaining transfer and diversion troughs are adjusted to a transfer and diversion state; and the transfer and diversion trough slope, the temperature in the box, the light intensity and the simulated runoff flow parameters are set through a multi-parameter coupling control system; after all parameters are stable, a soil sample is placed at the high end of the first layer of the transfer and diversion trough, and a simulated scouring unit is started to provide a simulated runoff scouring soil sample, so that the sediment is gradually transferred to the last layer of the transfer and diversion trough. A single transfer is completed in the liquid conduction trough; then the transfer liquid conduction trough array reconstruction stage is entered, the transfer liquid conduction trough of the last layer cooperates with the mobile adjustment mechanism to drive it to move horizontally for a preset horizontal spacing and then move vertically up to the height of the transfer liquid conduction trough of the first layer, and the remaining transfer liquid conduction troughs are driven to move synchronously downward for a preset vertical spacing through their respective mobile adjustment mechanisms, and the transfer liquid conduction troughs moved to the first layer are then moved horizontally in the opposite direction for a preset horizontal spacing, and the reconstructed transfer liquid conduction troughs form a vertical plane arrangement again, updating the transfer liquid conduction trough of the last layer to the collection state and the transfer liquid conduction trough of the first layer to the transfer and diversion state. By alternately executing the flushing-reconstruction process, combined with the synchronous regulation of the spatial position and functional state of the transfer liquid conduction trough, the continuous simulation of the preset transfer distance is finally achieved.

[0014] The second aspect of the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step S1: System parameter setting

[0016] Setting the slopes of all the transfer and diversion troughs in the stepped diversion module, adjusting the last layer of the transfer and diversion trough to a collection state, and adjusting the remaining transfer and diversion troughs to a transfer and diversion state;

[0017] Set the temperature and light intensity inside the box;

[0018] Set the simulated runoff flow rate;

[0019] After all parameters are stable, place the soil sample at the high end of the first-layer transfer and diversion tank;

[0020] Step S2: Single transfer process

[0021] The peristaltic pump on the same side of the first-layer transfer liquid guide tank is started to provide simulated runoff to flush the soil sample, so that the sediment is gradually transferred to the last-layer transfer liquid guide tank to complete a single transfer, and then the peristaltic pump is turned off;

[0022] Step S3: Reconstruction of the liquid transport channel array

[0023] The last layer of liquid transfer and guiding grooves is driven by the mobile adjustment mechanism to move horizontally for a preset horizontal spacing and then move vertically upward to the height of the first layer of liquid transfer and guiding grooves. The remaining liquid transfer and guiding grooves are driven by their respective mobile adjustment mechanisms to move synchronously downward for a preset vertical spacing. The liquid transfer and guiding grooves moved to the first layer are then moved horizontally in the opposite direction for a preset horizontal spacing. The reconstructed liquid transfer and guiding grooves are arranged in a vertical plane again, and the liquid transfer and guiding grooves of the last layer are updated to a collection state and the liquid transfer and guiding grooves of the first layer are updated to a transfer and diversion state.

[0024] Step S4: Iterative transfer

[0025] Repeat steps S2-S3 to alternately perform the flushing-reconstruction process to form a cyclic transport path. When the cumulative transport distance reaches a predetermined value, the experiment is terminated.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. This device for verifying the conservativeness of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment breaks through the space limitations of traditional devices by coupling the stepped diversion module, dynamic space reconstruction mechanism and multi-parameter collaborative control system in a closed box environment. Among them: the dynamic space reconstruction mechanism (horizontal-vertical linkage displacement) of the transport and diversion trough array supports infinite cycle stepped transport and accurately simulates the long-distance migration process in a limited space; the multi-parameter coupling control system can synchronously control the slope, temperature, light and runoff flow, and restore the synergistic effect of multiple environmental factors; the non-destructive transport design is combined with the precise flow control of the peristaltic pump to avoid sediment blockage and ensure that the original soil structure is not disturbed by human beings to the greatest extent; at the same time, the device integrates the box, stepped transport and diversion module, mobile adjustment mechanism and simulated scouring unit into one, with rich functions, and can flexibly adjust the parameters and states of each component according to experimental needs, providing convenient conditions for conducting sediment transport research under complex conditions.

[0028] 2. This method for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment fully considers the synergistic effect of multiple environmental factors, and can accurately set parameters such as slope, temperature, light intensity, and runoff flow, making the simulation process more in line with the natural environment. By alternately executing the scouring-reconstruction process and combining the synchronous regulation of the spatial position and functional state of the transport channel, the continuous simulation of the preset transport distance is achieved, which can more comprehensively study the changes in the characteristics of sediment during the transport process, and provide technical support and scientific basis for accurately evaluating the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of sediment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle transfer liquid guiding trough;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of two movable adjustment mechanisms on the same side of the middle box.

[0033] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: box body 1, transfer liquid guiding trough 2, trough body 21, sealing plate 22, elastic filling block 23, movable adjustment mechanism 3, height adjustment screw 31, rotation drive 32, movable guide plate 33, horizontal drive 34, simulated flushing unit 4, delivery pipeline 41, angle adjustment component 5, connecting block 51, rotating shaft 52, angle adjuster 53, mounting block 54, liquid collecting trough 6, overflow pipe 7, filter screen 8, temperature regulator 9, light regulator 10, box door 11. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments:

[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment, including a box 1, a stepped diversion module, a mobile adjustment mechanism 3, a simulated scouring unit 4 and a multi-parameter coupling control system; the box 1 has a closed experimental space and an environmental adjustment unit for adjusting the temperature and light intensity is arranged on the top side thereof; the stepped diversion module is arranged in the closed experimental space and includes a plurality of transfer and liquid guiding grooves 2 arranged alternately from top to bottom, each of the transfer and liquid guiding grooves 2 is arranged obliquely and the lower end of the previous transfer and liquid guiding groove 2 is connected to the higher end of the next transfer and liquid guiding groove 2, and each of the transfer and liquid guiding grooves 2 can be moved by its lower end. The end is sealed to form a collection state or its low end is connected to form a transfer and diversion state; the mobile adjustment mechanism 3 is arranged in the closed experimental space and is connected to each transfer and diversion groove 2, and the mobile adjustment mechanism 3 is used to drive the corresponding transfer and diversion groove 2 to move in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction; the simulated flushing unit 4 is arranged in the closed experimental space and is located above the stepped diversion module, and the simulated flushing unit 4 is used to provide flushing water to the transfer and diversion groove 2 moved to the first floor; the multi-parameter coupling control system cooperates with the environmental adjustment unit, the transfer and diversion groove 2, the mobile adjustment mechanism 3 and the simulated flushing unit 4 to coordinately control each unit to perform corresponding operations.

[0036] In this embodiment, the box 1 is used to provide a closed experimental space; a stepped diversion module is constructed in the box 1, and when initialized, all the transfer and diversion troughs 2 in the stepped diversion module are in the same vertical plane, the last layer of the transfer and diversion trough 2 is adjusted to the collection state, and the remaining transfer and diversion troughs 2 are adjusted to the transfer and diversion state, and the slope of the transfer and diversion trough 2, the temperature in the box 1, the light intensity and the simulated runoff flow parameters are set through a multi-parameter coupling control system; after all parameters are stable, the soil sample is placed at the high end of the first layer of the transfer and diversion trough 2, and the simulated scouring unit 4 is started to provide simulated runoff to scour the soil sample, so that the sediment is transported step by step. The single transfer is completed in the last layer of transfer and liquid guiding groove 2; then the transfer and liquid guiding groove 2 array reconstruction stage is entered, and the last layer of transfer and liquid guiding groove 2 cooperates with the mobile adjustment mechanism 3 to drive it to move horizontally for a preset horizontal spacing and then move vertically up to the height of the first layer of transfer and liquid guiding groove 2. The remaining transfer and liquid guiding grooves 2 are driven to move synchronously downward for a preset vertical spacing through their respective mobile adjustment mechanisms 3. The transfer and liquid guiding grooves 2 moved to the first layer are then moved horizontally in the opposite direction for a preset horizontal spacing. The reconstructed transfer and liquid guiding grooves 2 form a vertical plane arrangement again, and the last layer of transfer and liquid guiding groove 2 is updated to the collection state and the first layer of transfer and liquid guiding groove 2 is updated to the transfer and flow state. By alternately executing the flushing-reconstruction process, combined with the synchronous regulation of the spatial position and functional state of the transfer and liquid guiding groove 2, the continuous simulation of the preset transfer distance is finally achieved.

[0037] This device for verifying the conservativeness of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment breaks through the space limitations of traditional devices by coupling the stepped diversion module, dynamic space reconstruction mechanism and multi-parameter collaborative control system with the closed environment of the box 1. Among them: the dynamic space reconstruction mechanism (horizontal-vertical linkage displacement) of the array of transport and diversion troughs 2 supports infinite cycle of stepped transport, accurately simulating the long-distance migration process in a limited space; the multi-parameter coupling control system can synchronously control the slope, temperature, light and runoff flow, and restore the synergistic effect of multiple environmental factors; the non-destructive transport design is combined with the precise flow control of the peristaltic pump to avoid sediment blockage and ensure that the original soil structure is not disturbed by human beings to the greatest extent; at the same time, the device integrates the box 1, the stepped transport and diversion module, the mobile adjustment mechanism 3 and the simulated scouring unit 4 into one, with rich functions, and can flexibly adjust the parameters and states of each component according to experimental requirements, providing convenient conditions for conducting sediment transport research under complex conditions.

[0038] In order to better understand the present solution, the structures such as the mobile adjustment mechanism and the simulated flushing unit will be optimized below.

[0039] First, the mobile adjustment mechanism, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment, wherein each of the movable adjustment mechanisms 3 includes a height adjustment screw 31, a rotation driver 32, a movable guide plate 33 and a horizontal driver 34, wherein the height adjustment screw 31 is arranged in the vertical direction and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the box body 1; the rotation driver 32 is connected to one end of the height adjustment screw 31 and is used to drive the height adjustment screw 31 to rotate; the movable guide plate 33 is threadedly connected to the height adjustment screw 31 and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the box body 1 in the vertical direction; the horizontal driver 34 is connected between the movable guide plate 33 and the high end of the corresponding transfer liquid guide groove 2 and is used to drive the corresponding transfer liquid guide groove 2 to move in the horizontal direction; the rotation driver 32 and the horizontal driver 34 are both connected to a multi-parameter coupling control system, and the multi-parameter coupling control system is used to control the start and stop of the rotation driver 32 and the horizontal driver 34

[0040] In this embodiment, the rotary driver 32 is started to drive the height adjustment screw 31 to rotate, driving the movable guide plate 33 to slide in the vertical direction in the box body 1, and the movable guide plate 33 drives the corresponding transfer liquid guide slot 2 to move in the vertical direction through the horizontal driver 34; the horizontal driver 34 is started to drive the corresponding transfer liquid guide slot 2 to move in the horizontal direction, so that the transfer liquid guide slot 2 located at the last layer can move to the top in an orderly manner to continue to transfer without obstruction after transferring and collecting the sediment. Among them, the rotary driver 32 can be a motor, the horizontal driver 34 can be an electric telescopic rod, and the movable guide plate 33 is a square block, which is slidably attached to the inner wall of the box body 1 to guide its movement.

[0041] It should be noted that: the spacing between two adjacent transfer and liquid guiding grooves 2 has been optimized and designed to effectively control the drop height of the mud and sand while ensuring that the freedom of movement of the groove body is not restricted, and to prevent the medium from splashing out of the groove body during the transmission process; the high end of each transfer and liquid guiding groove 2 is provided with a liquid guiding plate extending upward, and this structure innovatively forms a continuous guide surface, which can not only reliably receive the upstream incoming materials, but also achieve a smooth transition of the materials through the interface guiding effect. In this embodiment, the number of the transfer and liquid guiding grooves 2 is four, and the corresponding number of the mobile adjustment mechanisms 3 is also four, of which two mobile adjustment mechanisms 3 are installed on the left inner wall of the box body 1 and the other two mobile adjustment mechanisms 3 are installed on the right inner wall of the box body 1; and the horizontal drives 34 in the two mobile adjustment mechanisms 3 on the same side are arranged in opposite directions, and the height adjustment screws 31 in the two mobile adjustment mechanisms 3 on the same side are connected between the two mounting bars fixed on the inner wall of the box body 1.

[0042] The second is the transfer channel, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment, wherein each of the transfer and liquid conduction troughs 2 includes a trough body 21 and a sealing plate 22, the trough body 21 is arranged obliquely and its high end is connected to the movable adjustment mechanism 3, and a liquid conduction gap is opened at the low end of the trough body 21; the sealing plate 22 is rotatably set at the liquid conduction gap, and can be rotated outward from the trough body 21 to be flush with the bottom wall of the trough body 21 to form the transfer and diversion state, or rotated into the trough body 21 to the liquid conduction gap to cover it to form the collection state.

[0043] In this embodiment, the high end of the trough body 21 is connected to the action end of the horizontal driver 34 in the mobile adjustment mechanism 3; wherein, the rotation of the sealing plate 22 is driven by a motor fixed on the outer wall of the trough body 21, and the motor provides power for the rotation of the sealing plate 22. When the sealing plate 22 rotates to the liquid guiding gap and covers the gap, the liquid conveying and guiding trough 2 is in a collecting state, so that the sediment can be effectively collected. The sediment drives the sealing plate 22 to rotate outside the trough body 21 and makes its plane flush with the bottom wall of the trough body 21. At this time, it is in a conveying and guiding state, so that the sediment flows out from the liquid guiding gap of the trough body 21 under the scouring of the water flow, and is transported to the high end of the next liquid conveying and guiding trough 2 after being guided by the sealing plate 22, so as to realize continuous sediment transportation.

[0044] The motor is also started and stopped by a multi-parameter coupling control system.

[0045] In order to improve the sealing between the sealing plate 22 and the trough body 21, an elastic filling block 23 is arranged between the sealing plate 22 and the bottom wall of the trough body 21. When the sealing plate 22 rotates to the diversion state or the sealing state, the elastic filling block 23 can undergo a certain elastic deformation to enable a good seal between the sealing plate 22 and the trough body 21.

[0046] Among them, the sealing plate 22 is provided with an anti-outflow plate structure on both sides of the diversion direction. The two anti-outflow plates and the sealing plate 22 are made by an integrated molding process, which can form an effective barrier to prevent the mud and sand from overflowing from both sides of the diversion direction when the sealing plate 22 performs the diversion operation; when the transfer and diversion trough 2 is switched to the trough body collection state, the two anti-outflow plates can be rotated together with the sealing plate 22 to the inside of the trough body 21, further enhancing the overall sealing performance of the transfer and diversion trough 2. And the sealing side of the bottom wall of the trough body 21 is formed with a chamfer, which is conducive to reducing the splashing of mud and sand.

[0047] Next is the simulated flushing unit 4, such as Figure 2As shown, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment, the simulated scouring unit 4 includes a water tank and a delivery pipe 41, there are two delivery pipes 41 and both are connected to the water tank, the water outlets of the two delivery pipes 41 are distributed one by one on both sides above the stepped diversion module, and each delivery pipe 41 is equipped with a peristaltic pump; the peristaltic pump is connected to the multi-parameter coupling control system and the multi-parameter coupling control system controls the start and stop and the flow rate.

[0048] In this embodiment, the water tank and the peristaltic pump are arranged at suitable positions in the box body 1, which are not shown in the drawings. The water tank stores water, and the peristaltic pump controls the start and stop of the water flow and the flow rate, providing simulated runoff to flush the soil sample sediment in the liquid guide groove 2, so that the sediment is transported step by step to the last layer to complete a single transport.

[0049] It should be noted that the two peristaltic pumps adopt an alternating working mode and are not started and operated at the same time. In each cycle, when the transfer and conduction trough 2 at the last layer is lifted to the working position of the first layer, and the transfer and conduction trough 2 at the last layer is updated to the collection state, and the transfer and conduction trough 2 at the first layer is updated to the transfer and conduction state and is ready to perform the transfer operation, only at this moment will the peristaltic pump corresponding to the delivery pipeline 41 directly above the transfer and conduction trough 2 on the first layer be triggered and started to provide simulated runoff in the conduction trough. In order to achieve this precise control, a position sensing device needs to be installed at a preset position of each transfer and conduction trough 2, and the spatial coordinate information of the transfer and conduction trough 2 is monitored in real time by the position sensing device to control the start and stop of the peristaltic pump, ensure the strict timing matching of the transfer process and the water supply action, and thus ensure the stable formation and continuous transfer of sediment fluid. Among them, the position sensing device can be a position sensor.

[0050] In order to achieve flexible adjustment of the inclination angle of the transfer and guiding trough, the influence of different slope conditions on the experimental results can be verified. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, according to another embodiment of the present invention, in a device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment, an angle adjustment component 5 is added between the high end of each of the transfer and liquid guiding grooves 2 and the corresponding movable adjustment mechanism 3, and the angle adjustment component 5 can accurately adjust the inclination angle of the transfer and liquid guiding groove 2.

[0051] In the present invention, the angle adjustment component 5 is connected between the high end of the transfer liquid guiding groove 2 and the action end of the horizontal driver 34 in the corresponding mobile adjustment mechanism 3. The angle adjustment component 5 is used to adjust the inclination angle of the transfer liquid guiding groove 2, thereby realizing accurate simulation of different transfer slopes.

[0052] Based on the above scheme:

[0053] The angle adjustment assembly 5 includes a connecting block 51, a rotating shaft 52 and an angle adjuster 53. One end of the connecting block 51 is fixedly connected to the high end of the corresponding transfer and guiding groove 2; the rotating shaft 52 is fixedly connected to the other end of the connecting block 51 and is rotationally connected to the corresponding mobile adjustment mechanism 3; the angle adjuster 53 is connected to one end of the rotating shaft 52 and is used to drive the rotating shaft 52 to rotate.

[0054] In this embodiment, a mounting block 54 is connected to the action end of the horizontal driver 34 in the corresponding moving adjustment mechanism 3, and a mounting notch is formed on the mounting block 54. One end of the connecting block 51 is located in the mounting notch, and the angle adjuster 53 is installed on the outer wall of the mounting block 54. When the slope of the transfer and liquid guiding groove 2 needs to be adjusted, the angle adjuster 53 is started to drive the rotating shaft 52 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 52 drives the transfer and liquid guiding groove 2 to rotate through the connecting block 51 to adjust the slope of the transfer and liquid guiding groove 2.

[0055] The angle regulator 53 is connected to a multi-parameter coupling control system, and the multi-parameter coupling control system is used to control the start and stop of the angle regulator 53. The angle regulator 53 may also be a motor.

[0056] Further optimization of the structure, such as Figure 3 As shown, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment is provided, wherein a liquid collecting trough 6 is provided at the bottom of the box body 1, and an extended overflow pipe 7 is symmetrically provided on the middle and upper part of the two side walls of the lower end of each transfer and guiding trough 2, and the projection of the liquid outlet of the overflow pipe 7 along the vertical direction is located in the liquid collecting trough 6.

[0057] During the transfer process, the water in the transfer liquid guiding trough 2 may be excessive, and the excess water can be introduced into the liquid collecting trough 6 for collection through the overflow pipe 7 .

[0058] In order to prevent sediment from being discharged from the overflow pipe 7, a filter screen 8 is provided at the liquid inlet of each overflow pipe 7; the filter screen 8 is used to intercept sediment to avoid the loss of sediment during the transportation process.

[0059] A high level gauge located above the overflow pipe 7 and a low level gauge located below the overflow pipe 7 may also be provided in each transfer and liquid guiding groove 2. When the liquid level in the transfer and liquid guiding groove 2 reaches the high level, the device stops running, and the excess water in the transfer and liquid guiding groove 2 is discharged into the liquid collecting groove 6 through the overflow pipe 7, until the liquid level in the transfer and liquid guiding groove 2 drops to the low level, and then the device resumes running.

[0060] like Figure 2As shown, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment, wherein the environmental adjustment unit includes a temperature regulator 9 and a light regulator 10 arranged on the top side of the box 1, and the temperature regulator 9 and the light regulator 10 are both connected to a multi-parameter coupling control system to control the start and stop of the temperature regulator 9 and the temperature, and to control the start and stop of the light regulator 10 and the light intensity.

[0061] Among them, the temperature regulator 9 and the light regulator 10 are both existing electrical components and will not be further described here. The temperature regulator 9 is used to adjust the temperature in the box 1, and the light regulator 10 is used to adjust the light intensity in the box 1, so as to more accurately simulate the natural environment of sediment transport.

[0062] It should be noted that:

[0063] The box body 1 is provided with a box door 11 on the front side, and a transparent window can be provided on the box door 11 to facilitate observation of the transport situation in the box body 1; the above-mentioned temperature regulator 9 and light regulator 10 can be adjusted by setting switches on the box door 11.

[0064] An installation chute can be added in each trough body 21. The sliding entrance of the installation chute is located at the liquid guide gap. Pad blocks with different roughness specifications can be slid into the sliding entrance to make them fit tightly to the bottom wall of the trough body 21, thereby realizing the simulation of sediment flowing through different underlying surface characteristic areas.

[0065] The multi-parameter coupling control system may be an existing controller to enable the device to automatically operate after inputting parameters. The control principle is a prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0066] The device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment is used as follows:

[0067] Step 1: Set the slope of each transfer and liquid conduction trough 2, the temperature and light intensity in the box 1, and the simulated flushing water flow rate, make sure that all transfer and liquid conduction troughs 2 are located in the same vertical plane, the last layer of transfer and liquid conduction trough 2 is in the collection state, and the remaining transfer and liquid conduction troughs 2 are in the transfer and flow state, and place the soil sample at the high end of the first layer of transfer and liquid conduction trough 2 after all parameters are stable;

[0068] Step 2: Start the peristaltic pump on the same side of the first-layer transfer and guiding trough 2, and water flows out through the corresponding delivery pipe 41 to form a simulated runoff to flush the soil sample, so that the sediment is gradually transferred to the last-layer transfer and guiding trough to complete a single transfer, and then the peristaltic pump is turned off;

[0069] Step 3: Then the horizontal driver 34 in the mobile adjustment mechanism 3 that cooperates with the last layer of the liquid transfer and guiding groove 2 is started to drive it to move a preset horizontal distance in the horizontal direction, and then the rotation driver 32 in the mobile adjustment mechanism 3 is started to continue to move vertically upward to the height of the first layer of the liquid transfer and guiding groove. At the same time, the rotation drivers 32 in the mobile adjustment mechanisms 3 that cooperate with the remaining liquid transfer and guiding grooves 2 are started to drive them to move vertically downward by a preset vertical distance; the liquid transfer and guiding groove 2 moved to the first layer is reversely driven by the horizontal driver 34 in the corresponding mobile adjustment mechanism 3, and moves in the reverse direction by a preset horizontal distance in the horizontal direction. At this time, multiple liquid transfer and guiding grooves 2 are arranged in a vertical plane again, and the liquid transfer and guiding grooves in the last layer are adjusted to be in a collection state, and the liquid transfer and guiding grooves in the first layer are adjusted to be in a transfer and guiding state;

[0070] Repeat the second and third steps in sequence until the transfer distance reaches the preset transfer distance and then stop the experiment.

[0071] like Figure 2 As shown, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the method for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment comprises the following steps:

[0072] Step S1: System parameter setting

[0073] Setting the slopes of all the transfer and diversion troughs in the stepped diversion module, adjusting the last layer of the transfer and diversion trough to a collection state, and adjusting the remaining transfer and diversion troughs to a transfer and diversion state;

[0074] Set the temperature and light intensity inside the box;

[0075] Set the simulated runoff flow rate;

[0076] After all parameters are stable, place the soil sample at the high end of the first-layer transfer and diversion tank;

[0077] Step S2: Single transfer process

[0078] The peristaltic pump on the same side of the first-layer transfer liquid guide tank is started to provide simulated runoff to flush the soil sample, so that the sediment is gradually transferred to the last-layer transfer liquid guide tank to complete a single transfer, and then the peristaltic pump is turned off;

[0079] Step S3: Reconstruction of the liquid transport channel array

[0080] The last layer of liquid transfer and guiding grooves is driven by the mobile adjustment mechanism to move horizontally for a preset horizontal spacing and then move vertically upward to the height of the first layer of liquid transfer and guiding grooves. The remaining liquid transfer and guiding grooves are driven by their respective mobile adjustment mechanisms to move synchronously downward for a preset vertical spacing. The liquid transfer and guiding grooves moved to the first layer are then moved horizontally in the opposite direction for a preset horizontal spacing. The reconstructed liquid transfer and guiding grooves are arranged in a vertical plane again, and the liquid transfer and guiding grooves of the last layer are updated to a collection state and the liquid transfer and guiding grooves of the first layer are updated to a transfer and diversion state.

[0081] Step S4: Iterative transfer

[0082] Repeat steps S2-S3 to alternately perform the flushing-reconstruction process to form a cyclic transport path. When the cumulative transport distance reaches a predetermined value, the experiment is terminated.

[0083] It should be noted that the distance of each transport in the box can be calculated. The distance of sediment transport can be calculated by counting the number of times the two peristaltic pumps are started through a counter. When the sediment transport distance reaches a predetermined value, the experiment ends. This control judgment process is a prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0084] Specifically, the experimental process is as follows:

[0085] 1. Simulating the long-distance sediment transport process

[0086] The long-distance transport simulation of sediment particles driven by water flow highly restores the natural water-sediment coupled transport mechanism. The device can set parameters such as slope, water flow, temperature and light intensity to simulate the natural environment of different topography and hydrodynamic conditions, thereby reproducing the sediment transport characteristics in various geomorphic units.

[0087] The specific simulation process is as follows:

[0088] Soil samples were collected and passed through a 2 cm sieve after natural air drying for later use. Parameters of each part, such as slope, temperature, light intensity and simulated runoff flow, were set according to the topography, hydrodynamic conditions and test requirements of the study area. The last layer of transfer and conduction trough was adjusted to the collection state, and the other transfer and conduction troughs were adjusted to the transfer and conduction state. After all parameters were stable, the soil samples were placed at the high end of the first layer of transfer and conduction trough, and the peristaltic pump on the same side of the first layer of transfer and conduction trough was started.

[0089] The transfer is carried out according to the above transfer method.

[0090] When the simulation distance is 1×10 4 m, samples can be taken at 0, 5000m, 7500m, 9000m, and 10000m respectively, and the number of sampling can be appropriately increased. When the sampling distance is reached, suspend the device and keep the mud-water mixture statically settled for 3-5 minutes. After the solid-liquid stratification is stable, the "three-point sampling method" is adopted: on the vertical section of the transfer and liquid trough, use beakers or test tubes to take stratified samples according to the upper layer (1 / 3 from the liquid surface), the middle layer (the middle position of the vertical section), and the lower layer (1 / 3 from the bottom of the trough). The sampling volume of each layer is about 50-100ml. Mix the three layers of samples in equal amounts to form a mixed sample of 150-300ml. After the sampling work is completed, turn on the device and continue the test.

[0091] After all samples were collected, they were dried at low temperature, ground and passed through a 63μm sieve. The sieved samples were then spectrally measured using a spectrometer. The conservativeness of the spectral fingerprint factor was verified by comparing the differences between the spectral features of the samples at different distances and the spectral features of the original samples.

[0092] 2. Simulating changes in the natural environment during transport

[0093] 1. Simulate the slope changes during sediment erosion and transportation

[0094] The sediment erosion and transportation process is significantly affected by the topography. As a key control parameter, the terrain slope will change the water flow gravity potential energy gradient. Its setting directly affects the dynamic process of sediment transport and the physical authenticity of the experimental simulation. Specifically, the slope of the transport and diversion trough determines the efficiency of the conversion of water flow potential energy into kinetic energy. An increase in the slope will significantly increase the runoff velocity, resulting in a linear increase in the shear stress of the water flow, thereby changing the critical starting shear stress threshold of the sediment. When the slope of the diversion trough exceeds the angle of repose of the sediment particles, the gravity component will dominate the sliding motion of the particles; when the slope is too low, the decrease in the sediment entrainment force of the water flow will cause sediment accumulation and sorting. By precisely controlling the slope of the transport and diversion trough, this device can quantitatively reproduce the transport characteristics of different topographic and geomorphic units (such as steep slopes, gullies, and alluvial fans), ensuring that the simulation results maintain dynamic similarity with the prototype landform evolution.

[0095] The specific simulation process is as follows:

[0096] First, obtain the relevant slope parameters.

[0097] Integrate remote sensing technology (such as multispectral satellite imagery), geographic information system platform (ArcGIS Pro) and drone 3D lidar scanning technology to construct a centimeter-level digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area. Based on the terrain dataset, the GIS spatial analysis module is used to analyze the terrain gradient, focusing on identifying slope mutation areas (such as ridge turning zones, slope morphology mutation areas, etc.), and using curvature calculation and slope aspect analysis algorithms to extract the spatial coordinates and geometric attributes of terrain feature lines (such as slope fold lines and ditch lines). Further construct a spatial association model between slope gradient and sampling points, and calculate the dynamic distance matrix from terrain mutation points to experimental sampling points using the Delaunay triangulation interpolation algorithm. The slope-distance association dataset generated by the above spatial analysis is standardized to obtain relevant slope parameters. This process is specifically a prior art.

[0098] Secondly, segmented slope control.

[0099] In the experiment, based on the relevant slope parameters obtained above, a segmented slope control strategy is implemented through the angle adjustment component 5. For example, within 1000m from the sampling point, the slope corresponding to 0-500m is 15°, and the slope corresponding to 500-1000m is 10°. During the simulation process, the slope parameters of the transfer and drainage trough 2 need to be dynamically adjusted through the angle adjustment component 5. When the transfer distance is in the range of 0-500m, the slope parameter is set to 15°. When the transfer distance reaches the critical threshold of 500m, the slope parameter is switched to 10°, thereby ensuring that the slope evolution of the transfer and drainage trough is kept as spatially synchronized as possible with the prototype landform. This process realizes the lossless conversion from macroscopic terrain data collection to microscopic experimental parameters, ensuring the dynamic equivalence of the physical simulation and the prototype landform in the slope gradient dimension.

[0100] 2. Simulate the changes of environmental factors during sediment erosion and transportation

[0101] During long-distance transport, the conservative characteristics of sediment may be affected by changes in environmental factors. Temperature may change the surface energy state of sediment particles and the viscosity of the medium through thermal effects, and may also cause the clay mineral lattice to expand or contract, thereby affecting the aggregate structure; light intensity may affect the occurrence form of organic matter, the oxidation rate of humus, and the surface charge density of particles through photochemical reactions. Therefore, as common environmental factors, changes in temperature and light intensity may affect the particle structure, composition, and interaction of sediment with other particles or media.

[0102] The specific simulation process is as follows:

[0103] First, the temperature and light intensity data of the study area are obtained using the existing outdoor meteorological automatic observation system. Based on the obtained temperature and light intensity data, the external environment is simulated by adjusting the temperature regulator and light regulator and other control devices in the device. It should be noted that after adjusting the relevant parameters, it is necessary to wait for the internal temperature and light intensity of the device to reach the preset value and stabilize before starting the test. The change of the underlying surface properties can be based on the actual situation of the study area. The surface blocks of different properties, shapes, and roughness are selected and assembled at the bottom of the transfer and diversion trough, thereby simulating the flow of sediment through different underlying surface characteristic areas.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for verifying the conservatism of optical fingerprint factors of eroded sediment, characterized in that: include: A box body, wherein the box body has a closed experimental space and an environment adjustment unit for adjusting temperature and light intensity is arranged on the top side thereof; A stepped flow guide module, which is arranged in a closed experimental space and includes a plurality of transfer and liquid guide grooves arranged alternately from top to bottom, each transfer and liquid guide groove is arranged obliquely and the lower end of the previous transfer and liquid guide groove is connected to the higher end of the next transfer and liquid guide groove, and each transfer and liquid guide groove forms a collection state by sealing its lower end or forms a transfer and liquid guide state by conducting its lower end; A moving adjustment mechanism, which is arranged in the closed experimental space and is connected to each transfer and liquid guiding groove, and is used to drive the corresponding transfer and liquid guiding groove to move in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction; A simulated flushing unit, which is arranged in the closed experimental space and located above the stepped diversion module, and is used to provide flushing water to the transfer and diversion tank moved to the first floor; A multi-parameter coupling control system, wherein the multi-parameter coupling control system cooperates with an environment adjustment unit, a liquid transfer tank, a mobile adjustment mechanism and a simulated flushing unit to collaboratively control each unit to perform corresponding operations.

2. The device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the movement adjustment mechanisms comprises: A height adjustment screw rod, which is arranged in a vertical direction and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the box; A rotary driver, the rotary driver being connected to one end of the height adjustment screw and used to drive the height adjustment screw to rotate, and the rotary driver being also connected to the multi-parameter coupling control system; A movable guide plate, the movable guide plate is threadedly connected to the height adjustment screw rod and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the box along the vertical direction; A horizontal driver is connected between the moving guide plate and the high end of the corresponding transfer liquid guiding groove and is used to drive the corresponding transfer liquid guiding groove to move in the horizontal direction. The horizontal driver is also connected to the multi-parameter coupling control system.

3. The device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the transfer and liquid guiding grooves comprises: A tank body, wherein the tank body is arranged obliquely and the upper end thereof is connected to the movable adjustment mechanism, and a liquid guiding notch is provided at the lower end of the tank body; The sealing plate is rotatably arranged at the liquid guiding gap and is rotated outside the tank body until it is flush with the bottom wall of the tank body to form the transport and diversion state, or is rotated inside the tank body to cover the liquid guiding gap to form the collection state.

4. The device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated flushing unit comprises: A water tank, the water tank is used to store and provide water required for flushing; There are two delivery pipelines and both are connected to the water tank. The water outlets of the two delivery pipelines are distributed one by one on both sides above the stepped diversion module. Each delivery pipeline is equipped with a peristaltic pump connected to the multi-parameter coupling control system. The peristaltic pump is used to control the start and stop and flow rate of flushing water.

5. A device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: An angle adjustment component for adjusting the tilt angle of each transfer and liquid guiding groove is connected between the high end of each transfer and liquid guiding groove and the corresponding movement adjustment mechanism.

6. The device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The angle adjustment component comprises: A connecting block, one end of which is fixedly connected to the high end of the corresponding transfer and guiding groove; A rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the other end of the connecting block and is rotationally connected to the corresponding moving adjustment mechanism; An angle adjuster is connected to one end of the rotating shaft and is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate. The angle adjuster is also connected to a multi-parameter coupling control system.

7. A device for verifying the conservatism of optical fingerprint factors of eroded sediment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the box body is provided with a liquid collecting trough, and each transfer and guiding trough is symmetrically provided with an extended overflow pipe in the middle and upper part of the two side walls of the lower end of the trough body, and the projection of the liquid outlet of the overflow pipe in the vertical direction is located in the liquid collecting trough.

8. The device for verifying the conservatism of the optical fingerprint factor of eroded sediment according to claim 7, characterized in that: A filter screen is arranged at the liquid inlet of each overflow pipe.

9. A device for verifying the conservatism of optical fingerprint factors of eroded sediment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The environment adjustment unit comprises a temperature adjuster and a light adjuster which are arranged on the top side of the box body and are connected to the multi-parameter coupling control system.

10. A method for verifying the conservatism of optical fingerprint factors of eroded sediment, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: System parameter setting Setting the slopes of all the transfer and diversion troughs in the stepped diversion module, adjusting the last layer of the transfer and diversion trough to a collection state, and adjusting the remaining transfer and diversion troughs to a transfer and diversion state; Set the temperature and light intensity inside the box; Set the simulated runoff flow rate; After all parameters are stable, place the soil sample at the high end of the first-layer transfer and diversion tank; Step S2: Single transfer process The peristaltic pump on the same side of the first-layer transport and diversion trough is started to provide simulated runoff to flush the soil sample, so that the sediment is gradually transported to the last-layer transport and diversion trough to complete a single transport, and then the peristaltic pump is turned off; Step S3: Reconstruction of the liquid transport channel array The last layer of liquid transfer and guiding grooves is driven by the mobile adjustment mechanism to move horizontally for a preset horizontal spacing and then move vertically upward to the height of the first layer of liquid transfer and guiding grooves. The remaining liquid transfer and guiding grooves are driven by their respective mobile adjustment mechanisms to move synchronously downward for a preset vertical spacing. The liquid transfer and guiding grooves moved to the first layer are then moved horizontally in the opposite direction for a preset horizontal spacing. The reconstructed liquid transfer and guiding grooves are arranged in a vertical plane again, and the liquid transfer and guiding grooves of the last layer are updated to a collection state and the liquid transfer and guiding grooves of the first layer are updated to a transfer and flow state. Step S4: Iterative transfer Repeat steps S2-S3 to alternately execute the flushing-reconstruction process to form a cyclic transport path. When the cumulative transport distance reaches a predetermined value, the experiment is terminated.

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