Device for measuring horizontal transportation flux of shallow sea particulate organic matters

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water body measurement, and provides a device for measuring the horizontal transportation flux of shallow sea particulate organic matters. The POM measuring device comprises a shell and POM measuring mechanisms in the shell, at least two types of POM measuring mechanisms are arranged in the shell, the POM measuring mechanisms comprise at least two vertical measuring mechanisms and at least two horizontal measuring mechanisms, the vertical measuring mechanisms are perpendicular to the horizontal measuring mechanisms, the vertical measuring mechanisms are located above the horizontal measuring mechanisms, and the horizontal measuring mechanisms are located above the vertical measuring mechanisms. A water inlet of the vertical measuring mechanism is located in the top of the shell, and the shell is provided with a water flow channel in the extending direction of the horizontal measuring mechanism. The measurement result of the horizontal measurement mechanism is calibrated according to the measurement data of the vertical measurement mechanism, so that the measurement result of the horizontal measurement mechanism is prevented from being interfered by the settled and resuspended POM; the probability that settled and resuspended POM enters a horizontal measurement mechanism is reduced; and in the process that the tidal current passes through the horizontal measurement mechanism, the settled POM is compensated, and the influence of the gravity settling effect is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water body measurement and provides a device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of shallow sea granular organic matter. Background Art

[0002] Particulate organic matter in the ocean is referred to as POM. It includes living and non-living suspended particles and sediment particles in the ocean, such as living phytoplankton, bacterial aggregates and small zooplankton and their eggs and larvae, debris and feces of various organisms, skeleton structures of organisms, organic matter of terrestrial or atmospheric sediment components, and non-living organic matter. These two types of components exist in different proportions in the ocean, thus affecting the composition and properties of particulate organic matter. Existing research usually focuses on the sedimentation of these particulate organic matter from the surface to the middle and lower layers, the bottom ocean and even the sediment under the action of gravity, while research on the horizontal transport flux of particulate organic matter is very rare. The coastal areas have developed economies and prosperous marine aquaculture industries. These processes will form a large amount of POM entering the sea. In addition to being absorbed and utilized locally and settled, a part of it will be transported horizontally along with the reciprocating tides in the coastal areas. The existing technology lacks the technology to quantify this part of POM, which brings difficulties to research. Prior art CN204832038U provides an in-situ monitor for colored dissolved organic matter in the ocean, which includes a device part and a circuit part arranged in the device; wherein the device part includes a cylindrical monitor housing, and two excitation light sources, an optical path structure, a circuit board compartment, and a watertight connector arranged in the housing from top to bottom; the circuit part includes a central processing unit, a signal acquisition module, a data storage module, and a power supply module, wherein the signal acquisition module includes a photodiode, a current-voltage conversion circuit, an amplification and filtering circuit, a signal demodulation circuit, and an analog-to-digital conversion module. The inventor believes that the prior art has room for improvement. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to sample and measure the flux of particulate organic matter in the reciprocating tidal current in the shallow sea, and to ensure that the device can accurately measure the flux of particulate organic matter in the water after the flow direction changes. Secondly, the interference of the sedimentation of particulate organic matter under the action of gravity on the horizontal flux measurement is avoided; the interference of the resuspension of particulate organic matter on the horizontal flux measurement during the tidal shear process is avoided. To this end, the present invention provides a device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of particulate organic matter in the shallow sea, including a shell and a POM measuring mechanism inside the shell, at least two types of POM measuring mechanisms are arranged inside the shell, the POM measuring mechanism includes at least two vertical measuring mechanisms and a horizontal measuring mechanism, the vertical measuring mechanism is perpendicular to the horizontal measuring mechanism, the vertical measuring mechanism is located above the horizontal measuring mechanism, the water inlet of the vertical measuring mechanism is located at the top of the shell, and the shell is provided with a water flow channel in the extension direction of the horizontal measuring mechanism. A vertical measuring mechanism is used to measure the POM that settles under the action of gravity, and the measurement result of the horizontal measuring mechanism is calibrated by the measurement data of the vertical measuring mechanism to avoid the interference of the measurement result of the horizontal measuring mechanism by the settled and re-suspended POM; a horizontal water flow channel is set in the shell, and the reciprocating tide enters the horizontal measuring mechanism after passing through the water flow channel, thereby reducing the probability of the settled and re-suspended POM entering the horizontal measuring mechanism; since there is spatial heterogeneity in the horizontal direction of POM settlement due to the influence of seawater salinity, multiple vertical measuring mechanisms are used to sample and measure the settled POM at different positions, and the POM settled at the position during the process of the tide passing through the horizontal measuring mechanism is subtracted, thereby reducing the influence of gravity-sedimented POM on the measurement of horizontally transported POM.

[0004] Preferably, the horizontal measuring mechanism extends in the horizontal direction, a water inlet is provided at one end of the horizontal measuring mechanism, filter membranes are provided at both ends of the water flow channel, and the mesh number of the first filter membrane at one end of the water flow channel close to the horizontal measuring mechanism is smaller than the mesh number of the second filter membrane at the other end of the water flow channel. The water flow channel performs preliminary filtration on the water body flowing through the shell, preventing foreign matter from entering the water flow channel to avoid blockage, and at the same time, inorganic matter smaller than the particle size is discharged through the other end, while the horizontally transported POM with a particle size between the apertures of the first filter membrane and the second filter membrane will flow back into the horizontal measuring mechanism. The above arrangement removes foreign matter from the water body, improves the accuracy of horizontal POM sampling and measurement, and reduces the probability of sedimentation and re-suspended POM entering the horizontal measuring mechanism.

[0005] Preferably, the vertical measuring mechanism is located at the top of the water flow channel, and a baffle is fixed on the inner wall of the water flow channel. The baffle can be turned over according to the direction of the water flow, and the baffle cooperates with the water inlet of the horizontal measuring mechanism. When the water flows from the first filter membrane to the second filter membrane, the baffle will block the water inlet of the horizontal measuring mechanism to prevent the horizontally transported POM that has entered the horizontal measuring mechanism from being sucked out of the horizontal measuring mechanism due to the faster external flow rate; when the water flows from the second filter membrane to the first filter membrane, the baffle will be pushed away by the tide, and the horizontally transported POM will be unable to flow back through the first filter membrane and enter the horizontal measuring mechanism.

[0006] Preferably, the outer wall of the water inlet of the horizontal measuring mechanism is a first curved surface protruding outward, the vertical measuring mechanism includes the first measuring mechanism, and the water inlet position of the horizontal measuring mechanism matches the water inlet of the first measuring mechanism. Since the outer wall of the water inlet is a curved surface protruding outward, the obliquely resuspended and settled POM with a large deflection from the horizontal transport direction will be deflected to both sides, reducing the amount of settled and resuspended POM entering the horizontal measuring mechanism, avoiding turbulence near the water inlet of the horizontal measuring mechanism, and avoiding interference with the process of horizontal transport of POM by the tidal current.

[0007] Preferably, the other end of the level measuring mechanism away from the water inlet of the level measuring mechanism is a second curved surface protruding outward. When the water flows from the second filter membrane to the first filter membrane, it needs to pass through the other end of the level measuring mechanism away from its water inlet. The second curved surface can avoid interfering with the flowing water and the process of horizontal tidal transport of POM.

[0008] Preferably, a collection structure is provided inside the POM measuring mechanism, and the collection structure includes a conical channel and a vertical channel, and a third filter membrane is provided inside the vertical channel. For the water entering the POM measuring mechanism, the POM measuring mechanism uses the conical channel of the collection structure to accelerate the flow rate of the water body, to prevent the POM transported horizontally in the water body from settling under the action of gravity due to the slowing flow rate, and to filter the POM transported horizontally through the third filter membrane in the vertical channel, to ensure that no foreign matter enters the interior of the measuring mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the horizontal measurement mechanism includes a pre-filtering structure and a POM mesh bag, the front end of the collection structure is provided with the pre-filtering structure, and the rear end of the collection structure is provided with the POM mesh bag. The pre-filtering structure is used to perform preliminary filtration on the water body to reduce the particulate matter in the water body that does not meet the particle size standard and reduce the clogging of the filter membrane. The POM mesh bag collects and samples the horizontally transported POM that meets the requirements after multiple screenings, so as to facilitate the statistics of the total amount of horizontally transported POM in the total time. At the same time, the sampled POM is checked to ensure that the horizontally transported POM collected during the sampling and measurement process meets the standard.

[0010] Preferably, the vertical measuring mechanism includes a second measuring mechanism, and the water inlet of the second measuring mechanism matches the inlet position of the POM mesh bag. Since there is spatial heterogeneity in the horizontal direction of POM sedimentation under the influence of gravity, the data difference between the second measuring mechanism and the first measuring mechanism can compensate for the sedimentation of POM during the tidal current passing through the horizontal measuring mechanism, thereby reducing the influence of gravity sedimentation during the horizontal flow of water.

[0011] Preferably, the water inlets of the first measuring mechanism and the second measuring mechanism cooperate with each other, a floating body is provided above the shell, and a ground anchor is connected below the shell. The water inlet cross-sectional areas of the first measuring mechanism and the second measuring mechanism are equal, which is convenient for measuring the POM flux settled at different horizontal positions to compensate for the settlement part of the horizontal transport POM in the horizontal measuring mechanism under the action of gravity.

[0012] The present invention provides a device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of particulate organic matter in shallow waters. The device samples and measures the flux of particulate organic matter in the reciprocating tide of shallow waters, ensures that the device can accurately measure the flux of particulate organic matter in water after the flow direction changes, and has the following beneficial effects: avoiding the interference of particulate organic matter settling under the action of gravity on the horizontal flux measurement; avoiding the interference of particulate organic matter resuspension on the horizontal flux measurement during the tidal shear process; using a vertical measurement mechanism to measure the POM settled under the action of gravity, and using the measurement data of the vertical measurement mechanism to verify the measurement of the horizontal measurement mechanism. The measurement results are calibrated to avoid interference of the measurement results of the horizontal measuring mechanism by the settled and re-suspended POM; a horizontal water flow channel is set in the shell, and the reciprocating tidal current enters the horizontal measuring mechanism after passing through the water flow channel, reducing the probability of the settled and re-suspended POM entering the horizontal measuring mechanism; since there is spatial heterogeneity in the horizontal direction of POM settlement due to the influence of seawater salinity, multiple vertical measuring mechanisms are used to sample and measure the settled POM at different positions, and the settled POM is compensated in the process of the tidal current passing through the horizontal measuring mechanism, reducing the influence of gravity sedimentation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of particulate organic matter in shallow waters; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of particulate organic matter in shallow waters; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the measuring device for the horizontal transport flux of particulate organic matter in shallow waters; Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the level measuring mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the vertical measuring mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the collection structure of the present invention.

[0015] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1 first measuring mechanism; 11 conical channel; 12 vertical channel; 13 third filter membrane; 2 baffle; 3 water flow channel; 31 first filter membrane; 32 second filter membrane; 4 shell; 5 horizontal measuring mechanism; 51 first curved surface; 52 second curved surface; 6 collecting structure; 7 pre-filtration structure; 8 POM mesh bag; 9 second measuring mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0017] Embodiment 1 Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of shallow-water particulate organic matter includes a shell 4 and a POM measuring mechanism inside the shell 4. In this embodiment, two types of POM measuring mechanisms are provided inside the shell 4. The POM measuring mechanism includes two vertical measuring mechanisms and one horizontal measuring mechanism 5. The vertical measuring mechanism is perpendicular to the horizontal measuring mechanism 5. The vertical measuring mechanism is located above the horizontal measuring mechanism 5. The water inlet of the vertical measuring mechanism is located at the top of the shell 4. The shell 4 is provided with a water flow channel 3 in the extension direction of the horizontal measuring mechanism 5. A vertical measuring mechanism is used to measure the POM that settles under the action of gravity, and the measurement data of the vertical measuring mechanism is used to calibrate the measurement result of the horizontal measuring mechanism 5 to avoid the interference of the measurement result of the horizontal measuring mechanism 5 by the settled and resuspended POM; the shell 4 is provided with a horizontal water flow channel 3, and the reciprocating tide enters the horizontal measuring mechanism 5 after passing through the water flow channel 3, reducing the probability of the settled and resuspended POM entering the horizontal measuring mechanism 5; because the POM settlement in the horizontal direction is affected by the salinity of seawater and there is spatial heterogeneity, multiple vertical measuring mechanisms are used to sample and measure the settled POM at different positions, and the settled POM is compensated during the process of the tide passing through the horizontal measuring mechanism 5, reducing the influence of the gravity sedimentation effect. In this embodiment, a buoy is provided on the top of the device, and the bottom is connected to the anchor. According to different water depths, the depth gradient level is freely matched to ensure the stability of the device and avoid drifting with the reciprocating tide. At the same time, in the actual use process, the present invention adopts the conjugate arrangement form of up and down and left and right to measure the transport flux gradient at different depths.

[0018] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the vertical measuring mechanism includes a second measuring mechanism 9, and the water inlet of the second measuring mechanism 9 matches the inlet position of the POM net bag 8. Since there is spatial heterogeneity in the horizontal direction of POM sedimentation under the influence of gravity, the data difference between the second measuring mechanism 9 and the first measuring mechanism 1 can compensate for the settled POM during the tidal current passing through the horizontal measuring mechanism 5, and reduce the influence of gravity sedimentation during the horizontal flow of water.

[0019] like Figure 2As shown, the horizontal measuring mechanism 5 extends in the horizontal direction, and a water inlet is provided at one end of the horizontal measuring mechanism 5, and filter membranes are provided at both ends of the water flow channel 3. The mesh number of the first filter membrane 31 at one end of the water flow channel 3 close to the horizontal measuring mechanism 5 is smaller than the mesh number of the second filter membrane 32 at the other end of the water flow channel 3. The water flow channel 3 performs preliminary filtration on the water body flowing through the housing 4 to prevent foreign matter from entering the water flow channel 3 to avoid clogging, and at the same time, inorganic matter smaller than the particle size is discharged through the other end, while the horizontally transported POM with a particle size between the pore size of the first filter membrane 31 and the second filter membrane 32 will flow back into the horizontal measuring mechanism 5. The above-mentioned arrangement removes foreign matter in the water body, improves the accuracy of horizontal POM sampling and measurement, and reduces the probability of sedimentation and re-suspended POM entering the horizontal measuring mechanism 5.

[0020] like Figure 2 As shown, the vertical measuring mechanism is located at the top of the water flow channel 3, and a baffle 2 is fixed to the inner wall of the water flow channel 3. The baffle 2 can be turned over according to the direction of the water flow, and the baffle 2 cooperates with the water inlet of the horizontal measuring mechanism 5. The water inlets of the first measuring mechanism 1 and the second measuring mechanism 8 cooperate with each other, a float is provided above the shell, and a ground anchor is connected below the shell. When the water body flows from the first filter membrane 31 to the second filter membrane 32, the baffle 2 will block the water inlet of the horizontal measuring mechanism 5 to prevent the horizontally transported POM that has entered the horizontal measuring mechanism 5 from being sucked out of the horizontal measuring mechanism 5 due to the faster external flow rate; when the water body flows from the second filter membrane 32 to the first filter membrane 31, the baffle 2 will be pushed away by the tide, and the horizontally transported POM will flow back into the horizontal measuring mechanism 5 because it cannot pass through the first filter membrane 31. The water inlet cross-sectional areas of the first measuring mechanism 1 and the second measuring mechanism 8 are equal, so as to measure the POM flux settled at different horizontal positions and compensate for the settlement part of the horizontally transported POM in the horizontal measuring mechanism 5 under the action of gravity.

[0021] like Figure 4 As shown, the outer wall of the water inlet of the horizontal measuring mechanism 5 is a first curved surface 51 protruding outwards, the vertical measuring mechanism includes the first measuring mechanism 1, and the water inlet position of the horizontal measuring mechanism 5 matches the water inlet of the first measuring mechanism 1. Since the outer wall of the water inlet is a curved surface protruding outwards, the obliquely resuspended and settled POM with a large deflection from the horizontal transport direction will be deflected to both sides, reducing the amount of settled and resuspended POM entering the horizontal measuring mechanism 5, avoiding turbulence near the water inlet of the horizontal measuring mechanism 5, and avoiding interference with the process of horizontal tidal transport of POM.

[0022] The other end of the level measuring mechanism 5 away from the water inlet of the level measuring mechanism 5 is a second curved surface 52 protruding outward. When the water flows from the second filter membrane 32 to the first filter membrane 31, it needs to pass through the other end of the level measuring mechanism 5 away from its water inlet. The second curved surface 52 can avoid interfering with the flowing water and the process of horizontally transporting POM by the tidal current.

[0023] Combination Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a collection structure 6 is provided inside the POM measuring mechanism, and the collection structure 6 includes a tapered channel 11 and a vertical channel 12, and a third filter membrane 13 is provided inside the vertical channel 12. For the water entering the POM measuring mechanism, the POM measuring mechanism uses the tapered channel 11 of the collection structure 6 to accelerate the flow rate of the water body, to prevent the POM transported horizontally in the water body from settling under the action of gravity due to the slowing flow rate, and to filter the POM transported horizontally through the third filter membrane 13 in the vertical channel 12, to ensure that no foreign matter enters the interior of the measuring mechanism.

[0024] like Figure 4 As shown, the horizontal measurement mechanism 5 includes a pre-filtering structure 7 and a POM net bag 8. The front end of the collection structure 6 is provided with the pre-filtering structure 7, and the rear end of the collection structure 6 is provided with the POM net bag 8. The pre-filtering structure 7 is used to perform preliminary filtration on the water body to reduce the particles that do not meet the particle size standard in the water body and reduce the clogging of the filter membrane. The POM net bag 8 collects and samples the horizontally transported POM that meets the requirements after multiple screenings, so as to facilitate the statistics of the total amount of horizontally transported POM in the total time. At the same time, the sampled POM is checked to ensure that the horizontally transported POM collected during the sampling and measurement process meets the standards.

[0025] The present invention provides a device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of particulate organic matter in shallow waters. The device samples and measures the flux of particulate organic matter in the reciprocating tide of shallow waters, ensures that the device can accurately measure the flux of particulate organic matter in water after the flow direction changes, and has the following beneficial effects: avoiding the interference of particulate organic matter settling under the action of gravity on the horizontal flux measurement; avoiding the interference of particulate organic matter resuspension on the horizontal flux measurement during the tidal shear process; using a vertical measurement mechanism to measure the POM settled under the action of gravity, and using the measurement data of the vertical measurement mechanism to verify the measurement of the horizontal measurement mechanism. The measurement results are calibrated to avoid interference of the measurement results of the horizontal measuring mechanism by the settled and re-suspended POM; a horizontal water flow channel is set in the shell, and the reciprocating tidal current enters the horizontal measuring mechanism after passing through the water flow channel, reducing the probability of the settled and re-suspended POM entering the horizontal measuring mechanism; since there is spatial heterogeneity in the horizontal direction of POM settlement due to the influence of seawater salinity, multiple vertical measuring mechanisms are used to sample and measure the settled POM at different positions, and the settled POM is compensated in the process of the tidal current passing through the horizontal measuring mechanism, reducing the influence of gravity sedimentation.

[0026] The above embodiments and / or implementation methods are only used to illustrate the preferred embodiments and / or implementation methods for realizing the technology of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the technology of the present invention in any form. Any technical personnel in this field may make slight changes to other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical means disclosed in the content of the present invention, but they should still be regarded as technologies or embodiments that are essentially the same as the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of shallow-water particulate organic matter, comprising a housing (4) and a POM measuring mechanism inside the housing (4), characterized in that: At least two types of POM measuring mechanisms are arranged inside the shell (4), the POM measuring mechanisms comprising at least two vertical measuring mechanisms and a horizontal measuring mechanism (5), the vertical measuring mechanism being perpendicular to the horizontal measuring mechanism (5), the vertical measuring mechanism being located above the horizontal measuring mechanism (5), the water inlet of the vertical measuring mechanism being located at the top of the shell (4), and the shell (4) being provided with a water flow channel (3) in the extension direction of the horizontal measuring mechanism (5).

2. The device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of shallow sea particulate organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal measuring mechanism (5) extends in the horizontal direction, a water inlet is provided at one end of the horizontal measuring mechanism (5), and filter membranes are provided at both ends of the water flow channel (3).

3. The device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of shallow sea particulate organic matter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filter membrane comprises a first filter membrane (31) and a second filter membrane (32), wherein the mesh number of the first filter membrane (31) at one end of the water flow channel (3) close to the level measuring mechanism (5) is smaller than the mesh number of the second filter membrane (32) at the other end of the water flow channel (3).

4. The device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of shallow sea particulate organic matter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vertical measuring mechanism is located at the top of the water flow channel (3), and a baffle (2) is fixed to the inner wall of the water flow channel (3). The baffle (2) can be turned over according to the direction of the water flow, and the baffle (2) cooperates with the water inlet of the horizontal measuring mechanism (5).

5. The device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of shallow sea particulate organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the water inlet of the horizontal measuring mechanism (5) is a first curved surface (51) protruding outwards, the vertical measuring mechanism comprises a first measuring mechanism (1), and the position of the water inlet of the horizontal measuring mechanism (5) matches the water inlet of the first measuring mechanism (1).

6. The device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of shallow sea particulate organic matter according to claim 5, characterized in that: The other end of the level measurement mechanism (5) away from the water inlet of the level measurement mechanism (5) is a second curved surface (52) protruding outwards.

7. A device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of shallow sea particulate organic matter according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: A collection structure (6) is provided inside the POM measurement mechanism. The collection structure (6) comprises a conical channel (11) and a vertical channel (12). A third filter membrane (13) is provided inside the vertical channel (12).

8. The device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of shallow sea particulate organic matter according to claim 6, characterized in that: The level measuring mechanism (5) comprises a pre-filtering structure (7) and a POM mesh bag (8); the front end of the collecting structure (6) is provided with the pre-filtering structure (7), and the rear end of the collecting structure (6) is provided with the POM mesh bag (8).

9. The device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of shallow sea particulate organic matter according to claim 7, characterized in that: The vertical measuring mechanism comprises a second measuring mechanism (8), the water inlet of the second measuring mechanism (8) being matched with the inlet position of the POM mesh bag (8).

10. The device for measuring the horizontal transport flux of shallow sea particulate organic matter according to claim 9, characterized in that: The water inlets of the first measuring mechanism (1) and the second measuring mechanism (8) cooperate with each other, a floating body is provided above the shell, and a ground anchor is connected below the shell.

Images