Impurity detection system and method and fusion reaction system

Abstract

The invention provides an impurity detection system and method and a fusion reaction system. The impurity detection system comprises a discharge electrode, an optical signal acquisition assembly and a spectrograph, the discharge electrode is located in a reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device, and the optical signal acquisition assembly is connected with the spectrometer; the discharge electrode is opposite to the inner wall of the reaction chamber, and the discharge electrode is used for discharging to the inner wall of the reaction chamber to generate electric sparks; the optical signal acquisition assembly is used for acquiring a spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark and transmitting the spectral signal to the spectrograph; the spectrograph is used for analyzing the spectral signal to obtain impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber; the impurity detection system can simplify the impurity detection process on the surface of the inner wall of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and improve the detection efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of nuclear fusion technology, and in particular to a system and method for detecting impurities on the surface of the inner wall of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and a fusion reaction system. Background Art

[0002] Nuclear fusion technology has been widely studied due to its advantage of utilizing low-cost materials to produce large amounts of clean energy. High-temperature, high-density, and highly confined plasma is the basic requirement for achieving nuclear fusion.

[0003] Nuclear fusion reaction devices (such as tokamaks) usually generate plasma in the reaction chamber and heat it to the fusion reaction temperature, so that a fusion reaction occurs to release energy. During the operation of the fusion reaction device, the heat flow and particle flow from the plasma will interact with the inner wall surface material of the reaction chamber, causing the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber to discharge impurities such as carbon, oxygen, iron, and tungsten into the plasma. These impurity elements will produce strong radiation, reduce the plasma temperature, weaken the stability of the plasma, and make the fusion reaction impossible. Therefore, it is very important for nuclear fusion to understand the elemental composition of the inner wall surface and reduce the generation of impurities through various means.

[0004] However, the current detection process for impurities on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber is relatively complicated, and the detection efficiency needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides an impurity detection system and method for the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and a fusion reaction system, which can simplify the impurity detection process for the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber and improve the detection efficiency.

[0006] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a system for detecting impurities on the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber is provided, the impurity detection system comprising: a discharge electrode, an optical signal collection component and a spectrometer; the discharge electrode is located in the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device, and the optical signal collection component is connected to the spectrometer;

[0007] The discharge electrode is opposite to the inner wall of the reaction chamber, and the discharge electrode is used to discharge toward the inner wall of the reaction chamber to generate electric sparks;

[0008] The optical signal acquisition component is used to collect the spectrum signal corresponding to the electric spark and transmit the spectrum signal to the spectrometer;

[0009] The spectrometer is used to analyze the spectral signal to obtain impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0010] In one embodiment, the discharge electrode is needle-shaped, and an end of the needle-shaped discharge electrode is opposite to the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0011] In one embodiment, the optical signal collection component includes an optical fiber.

[0012] In one embodiment, the impurity detection system further includes a pulse power supply, which is connected to the discharge electrode and the inner wall of the reaction chamber and is used to apply a pulse voltage to the discharge electrode and the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0013] In one embodiment, the impurity detection system further comprises a mechanical arm located in the reaction chamber, and the discharge electrode is located at the front end of the mechanical arm;

[0014] The mechanical arm is used to drive the discharge electrode to move and adjust the relative position of the discharge electrode and the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0015] In one embodiment, the mechanical arm includes a plurality of sub-arms hinged in sequence, and the discharge electrode is fixed to a sub-arm located at an end of the plurality of sub-arms.

[0016] In one embodiment, the impurity detection system further includes a mechanical control unit; the mechanical control unit is connected to the mechanical arm and is used to control the movement of the mechanical arm.

[0017] In one embodiment, the optical signal collection component is connected to the robotic arm and is close to the discharge electrode.

[0018] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an impurity detection method, which is applied to the above-mentioned impurity detection system, and the method includes:

[0019] By applying voltage to the discharge electrode, the discharge electrode is made to discharge toward the inner wall of the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device and generate electric sparks;

[0020] Collecting the spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark through an optical signal collection component, and transmitting the spectral signal to a spectrometer;

[0021] The spectrometer analyzes the spectral signal to obtain impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0022] In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

[0023] The impurity information is output to a plasma control unit so that the plasma control unit controls the plasma in the reaction chamber based on the impurity information.

[0024] According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a fusion reaction system is provided, the fusion reaction system comprising a nuclear fusion reaction device and the impurity detection system on the inner wall surface of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber;

[0025] The impurity detection system is used to detect impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber in the nuclear fusion reaction device.

[0026] In one embodiment, the fusion reaction system further comprises a plasma control unit;

[0027] The plasma control unit is connected to the impurity detection system and is used to control the plasma in the reaction chamber based on the impurity information.

[0028] In the impurity detection system on the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber provided by the present application, a discharge electrode opposite to the inner wall of the reaction chamber is arranged in the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device, and an electric spark is generated by discharging to the inner wall of the reaction chamber through the discharge electrode. The optical signal acquisition component can collect the spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark, and the spectrometer can analyze the spectral signal to obtain the impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber. Since the electric spark can be triggered by only applying a voltage to the discharge electrode, the triggering process of the electric spark is relatively simple, and the time consumption of generating the spectral signal by the electric spark is relatively short, and the difficulty of analyzing the spectral signal is also relatively low, so that the impurity information can be obtained relatively easily. Therefore, the detection process of impurities on the inner wall of the reaction chamber can be simplified, and the impurity detection efficiency and impurity detection effect can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an impurity detection system on the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of another impurity detection system on the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 is a flow chart of an impurity detection method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of another impurity detection method provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Many specific details are described in the following description to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited by the specific implementation disclosed below.

[0034] The terms used in one or more embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit one or more embodiments of the present application. The singular forms of "one", "said" and "the" used in one or more embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in one or more embodiments of the present application refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items. The term "at least one" in one or more embodiments of the present application refers to "one or more", and "multiple" refers to "two or more". The term "including" is an open description and should be understood as "including but not limited to", and may include other content on the basis of the content described.

[0035] It should be understood that, although the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of the present application, these information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of the present application, "first" may also be referred to as "second", and similarly, "second" may also be referred to as "first". Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining".

[0036] At present, nuclear fusion is considered to be an ideal choice for solving human energy problems. Nuclear fusion reactions can provide a large amount of clean energy, and the fuel sources required for nuclear fusion reactions are extensive and low in cost. Accordingly, nuclear fusion reaction devices are widely studied, such as the tokamak device, which is a nuclear fusion reaction device that has been studied more. The tokamak device may include a nuclear fusion reaction chamber, in which plasma may be generated, a magnetic field may be generated by a magnet to confine the plasma in the reaction chamber, and the movement of the plasma may be controlled to heat the plasma to a fusion temperature so that a nuclear fusion reaction may occur.

[0037] During the operation of the Tokamak device, the heat flow and particle flow from the core plasma will interact with the wall material of the reaction chamber, causing etching and deposition of the wall material. At the same time, impurities will be generated on the surface of the first wall of the reaction chamber and the plasma-facing components (PFCs) such as the divertor. The first wall is also the component facing the plasma inside the reaction chamber. Impurities such as carbon, oxygen, iron, and tungsten may accumulate on the surface of the first wall. These impurity elements will produce strong radiation, reduce the plasma temperature, weaken the stability of the plasma, and make the fusion reaction impossible. Impurities on the surface of the plasma-facing component will also cause fuel retention, thereby threatening the safe operation of the Tokamak device. Therefore, it is necessary to detect impurities on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber to adjust the control of the plasma accordingly based on the detected impurity information, ensure that the plasma is constrained with higher performance, and reduce the attachment of impurities on the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0038] In the traditional method of detecting impurities on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber, after the tokamak device has been running for a period of time and entered the maintenance period, a wall material sample is extracted from the inner wall of the reaction chamber of the tokamak device. Then, the changes in the material on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber before and after the nuclear fusion reaction are compared by an offline diagnostic device to determine the impact of the nuclear fusion reaction on the inner wall of the reaction chamber. The diagnostic means may include analyzing the wall material sample by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, nuclear reaction analysis or secondary ion mass spectrometry. The timeliness of the detection of impurities on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber in this method is poor, and the impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber cannot be obtained in real time. In the process of taking samples and analyzing the samples, it is easy to cause contamination to the sample, affecting the measurement results of the actual impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber, so the accuracy of impurity detection is low.

[0039] Related technology can detect impurities on the inner wall of the reaction chamber through laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). This technology focuses a high-power pulsed laser on the sample surface, breaks the chemical bonds of the surface material, ionizes the chemical elements, and forms a high-temperature plasma composed of atoms, free electrons and ions. The atoms and ions in the high-energy state inside the high-temperature plasma will transition to a low-energy state, at which time they emit light of a characteristic wavelength. Then, by comparing and analyzing the wavelength and intensity of the light, the type and content of the elements in the sample can be determined. This technology is an in-situ online wall analysis method with certain capabilities of rapid real-time, in-situ online and full-element quantitative analysis. However, the LIBS system requires a high-power laser source and a complex optical system, which is costly and complex to operate. In addition, due to the limitation of the optical path, LIBS cannot freely detect all positions on the inner wall surface, especially some corners with severe obstruction.

[0040] The present application provides an impurity detection system for the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber, which can realize the impurity detection on the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber in a relatively simple and convenient manner, and the detection timeliness is high, the detection efficiency and effect can be good, and the detection cost is low. The embodiment of the present application also relates to an impurity detection method applied to the impurity detection system, and a fusion reaction system.

[0041] The nuclear fusion reaction device may include an annular reaction chamber, which is used to accommodate plasma for the plasma to perform nuclear fusion reaction. Optionally, the reaction chamber may be a vacuum chamber, and the reaction chamber may be placed in a vacuum state during the nuclear fusion reaction. The impurity detection system provided in the embodiment of the present application detects impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device through spark discharge technology. Spark discharge is a phenomenon in which a higher voltage is applied between two electrodes, causing the gas between the electrodes to be broken down by a strong electric field and produce self-excited conduction.

[0042] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of an impurity detection system on the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the impurity detection system 10 includes: a discharge electrode 101 , an optical signal collection component 102 and a spectrometer 103 .

[0043] The discharge electrode 101 is located in the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device. Figure 1 Only a partial structure of the reaction chamber is illustrated. The components of the impurity detection system 10 located in the reaction chamber can be fixed by the window of the reaction chamber. The discharge electrode 101 is opposite to the inner wall N of the reaction chamber, and there is a gap between the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber. The discharge electrode 101 is used to discharge to the inner wall N of the reaction chamber to generate an electric spark between the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber. The optical signal acquisition component 102 is used to collect the spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark. The optical signal acquisition component 102 is connected to the spectrometer 103 and can transmit the spectral signal to the spectrometer 103. The spectrometer 103 is used to analyze the received spectral signal to obtain impurity information on the surface of the inner wall N of the reaction chamber.

[0044] For example, a spectrometer can analyze the spectral signal to determine the spectrum and light intensity corresponding to the spectral signal, which is the wavelength characteristic of the light. Based on the spectrum and light intensity, the element information corresponding to the spectral signal can be determined, and then the element information can be compared with the initial wall material element information of the inner wall N of the reaction chamber to determine the impurity information on the surface of the inner wall N of the reaction chamber.

[0045] In the process of generating electric sparks between the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber, the gas between the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber can be broken down, and then a relatively high temperature plasma can be generated. The relatively high temperature plasma can excite more types of atoms in the region to an excited state, that is, increase the abundance of excited state atoms of the elements. Each atom will emit light of a corresponding wavelength when it transitions from an excited state back to a ground state, thereby generating a relatively wide spectrum line, so that more spectra can be detected, and accordingly, a relatively good element identification effect can be achieved based on the spectrum, thereby improving the integrity and accuracy of the element analysis of the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0046] Since spark discharge can generate spectral signals in an instant (such as microseconds), the timeliness of impurity detection on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber can be high. In the embodiment of the present application, real-time monitoring of impurity information on the surface of the inner wall N of the reaction chamber can be achieved, which is conducive to the rapid feedback and real-time control of information by the nuclear fusion reaction device.

[0047] In addition, compared with the LIBS system that requires high-power lasers and complex optical systems, the spark discharge system used in the embodiment of the present application only requires one electrode as a discharge source, and only requires a relatively low voltage and current to obtain sufficient energy to generate electric sparks. This simplifies the equipment structure, reduces system energy consumption, and can make the impurity detection system lower in cost, more compact in structure, and easier to operate and maintain.

[0048] In summary, in the impurity detection system on the inner wall surface of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber provided by the embodiment of the present application, a discharge electrode opposite to the inner wall of the reaction chamber is arranged in the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device, and an electric spark is generated by discharging to the inner wall of the reaction chamber through the discharge electrode. The optical signal acquisition component can collect the spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark, and the spectrometer can analyze the spectral signal to obtain the impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber. Since the electric spark can be triggered by only applying a voltage to the discharge electrode, the triggering process of the electric spark is relatively simple, and the time consumption of generating the spectral signal by the electric spark is relatively short, and the difficulty of analyzing the spectral signal is also relatively low, so that the impurity information can be obtained relatively easily. Therefore, the detection process of impurities on the inner wall of the reaction chamber can be simplified, and the impurity detection efficiency and impurity detection effect can be improved.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another impurity detection system on the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 , the various components in the impurity detection system 10 and the optional implementation methods of the impurity detection system are introduced.

[0050] like Figure 2As shown, the discharge electrode 101 in the impurity detection system 10 can be needle-shaped, and the end of the needle-shaped discharge electrode 101 is opposite to the inner wall N of the reaction chamber. When a voltage is applied to the needle-shaped discharge electrode 101, the charge can be concentrated at the end of the discharge electrode 101, and the charge distribution density at the end is relatively large. In this way, the required voltage can be smaller, and it can be easier to achieve the breakdown of the gas, so as to more easily generate the required electric spark.

[0051] For example, the material of the discharge electrode 101 can be a conductive material that can withstand high current and high voltage, such as metal or stainless steel. The length of the needle-shaped discharge electrode 101 can be in the centimeter level. The diameter of the discharge electrode 101 can be less than 10 mm, such as the diameter range of the discharge electrode 101 can be 2 to 3 mm, or 7 to 8 mm.

[0052] In some implementations, the discharge electrode 101 may also be in a block shape, a sheet shape, or other shapes, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0053] In the embodiment of the present application, the voltage to be applied to the discharge electrode 101 can be debugged in advance to determine the voltage value that can produce a better gas breakdown effect. Then, a voltage can be applied to the discharge electrode 101 based on the voltage value. The magnitude of the voltage can be positively correlated to the distance between the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber, and positively correlated to the gas pressure in the reaction chamber. For example, the voltage can be less than 10 kilovolts.

[0054] In one embodiment, the discharge electrode 101 is opposite to the target area in the inner wall N of the reaction chamber, and the target area can be located at the bottom or top of the reaction chamber. Since the amount of impurities attached to the bottom and top of the reaction chamber can be relatively large, the impurity detection is performed on the bottom or top of the reaction chamber to ensure a better impurity detection effect. The target area can also be any area in the inner wall N of the reaction chamber to achieve impurity detection in any area on the surface of the inner wall N of the reaction chamber. In the embodiment of the present application, the area in the inner wall N of the reaction chamber opposite to the discharge electrode 101 is not limited.

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, the impurity detection system 10 also includes a pulse power supply 104. The two ends of the pulse power supply 104 are respectively connected to the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber, and are used to apply a pulse voltage to the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber. The pulse power supply 104 can be located outside the reaction chamber, and the pulse power supply 104 can be respectively connected to the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber through wires. The peak voltage of the pulse power supply 104 can reach more than 10 kilovolts, and the discharge time can be as low as 1 microsecond. In this way, it can ensure a good excitation ability for atoms, ensure the excitation of a spectral signal with a wider spectrum line, and ensure a high real-time performance of impurity detection.

[0056] like Figure 2As shown, the impurity detection system 10 may further include a mechanical arm 105 located in the reaction chamber, the mechanical arm 105 is used to fix the discharge electrode 101, and the discharge electrode 101 may be located at the front end of the mechanical arm 105. The mechanical arm 105 may include a plurality of sub-arms hinged in sequence, each of which may move separately, and the discharge electrode 101 is fixed to a sub-arm located at the end of the plurality of sub-arms.

[0057] The mechanical arm 105 is used to drive the discharge electrode 101 to move (such as move forward and backward and rotate) to adjust the relative position of the discharge electrode 101 and the inner wall N of the reaction chamber. The discharge electrode 101 can be moved to face different areas of the inner wall N of the reaction chamber by the mechanical arm 105 to detect the distribution of impurities in different areas of the surface of the inner wall N of the reaction chamber. For example, the mechanical arm 105 can drive the discharge electrode 101 to quickly scan all corners of the surface of the inner wall N of the reaction chamber, thereby realizing the detection of the distribution of impurities in all areas of the surface of the inner wall N of the reaction chamber.

[0058] The movement of the robot arm 105 can be performed in the stage where the nuclear fusion reaction is not performed in the reaction chamber, for example, the robot arm 105 can be moved in the interval between two nuclear fusion reactions to change the position of the discharge electrode 101. In this way, the movement of the robot arm 105 can be prevented from affecting the reaction chamber parameters during the nuclear fusion reaction, thereby ensuring the stable performance of the nuclear fusion reaction.

[0059] In one embodiment, the impurity detection system 10 may further include a mechanical control unit (not shown in the figure). The mechanical control unit may be connected to the mechanical arm 105 to control the movement of the mechanical arm 105. The mechanical control unit may interact with a staff member, and the staff member may operate the mechanical control unit to control the mechanical arm 105.

[0060] Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the example, the entire optical signal collection component 102 is located in the reaction chamber. In some implementations, only part of the optical signal collection component 102 may be located in the reaction chamber, such as only the end of the optical signal collection component 102 is located in the reaction chamber; or the optical signal collection component 102 may be located outside the reaction chamber, and it is only necessary to ensure that the optical signal collection component 102 can collect the spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark generated in the reaction chamber. For example, the reaction chamber has a light-transmitting area, and the optical signal collection component 102 can be located outside the reaction chamber and collect spectral signals through the light-transmitting area.

[0061] The optical signal collection component 102 can be arranged close to the discharge electrode 101, so as to collect a clearer spectrum signal and ensure the collection effect of the spectrum signal. The optical signal collection component 102 can be connected to the spectrometer 103 through a wire. The spectrometer 103 can be located outside the reaction chamber.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, the optical signal acquisition component 102 may include an optical fiber. The head of the optical fiber may be arranged close to the discharge electrode 101, and the tail of the optical fiber may be connected to the spectrometer 103. After the optical fiber acquires the spectral signal, it may be directly transmitted to the spectrometer 103. The volume of the optical fiber is small, and a certain deformation occurs, so it can achieve a better spectral signal acquisition effect in the reaction chamber. In one embodiment, the optical signal acquisition component 102 may include an optical fiber or other components that can realize spectral signal acquisition.

[0063] In one embodiment, the optical signal collection component 102 is connected to the mechanical arm 105 and is close to the discharge electrode 101. Figure 2 As shown, the optical fiber can extend along the robot arm 105 and be fixed to each sub-arm of the robot arm 105.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, when it is necessary to detect impurities on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber, the robotic arm 105 can be used to position the discharge electrode 101 to a suitable position in the reaction chamber. The pulse power supply 104 is used to apply an appropriate pulse voltage to the discharge electrode 101, so that the discharge electrode 101 generates an electric spark on the inner wall of the reaction chamber. The optical signal acquisition component 102 can collect the spectral signal emitted by the electric spark and transmit it to the spectrometer 103. The spectrometer 103 can analyze and process the collected spectral signal to determine the elemental composition of the material of the inner wall of the reaction chamber, and then determine the impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0065] In summary, in the impurity detection system on the inner wall surface of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber provided by the embodiment of the present application, a discharge electrode opposite to the inner wall of the reaction chamber is arranged in the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device, and an electric spark is generated by discharging to the inner wall of the reaction chamber through the discharge electrode. The optical signal acquisition component can collect the spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark, and the spectrometer can analyze the spectral signal to obtain the impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber. Since the electric spark can be triggered by only applying a voltage to the discharge electrode, the triggering process of the electric spark is relatively simple, and the time consumption of generating the spectral signal by the electric spark is relatively short, and the difficulty of analyzing the spectral signal is also relatively low, so that the impurity information can be obtained relatively easily. Therefore, the detection process of impurities on the inner wall of the reaction chamber can be simplified, and the impurity detection efficiency and impurity detection effect can be improved.

[0066] The embodiment of the present application also provides a fusion reaction system, which includes a nuclear fusion reaction device and the above-mentioned impurity detection system 10 for the inner wall surface of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The impurity detection system 10 is used to detect impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber in the nuclear fusion reaction device.

[0067] In one embodiment, the fusion reaction system further includes a plasma control unit. The plasma control unit can be connected to the impurity detection system 10 and is used to control the plasma in the reaction chamber based on the impurity information. For example, parameters such as the density, temperature, and shape of the plasma can be controlled.

[0068] Exemplarily, the staff can operate the plasma control unit to adjust the parameters of the nuclear fusion reaction device so as to control the plasma in the reaction chamber. For example, the voltage transmitted to the magnet in the nuclear fusion reaction device can be adjusted through the plasma control unit.

[0069] Figure 3 is a flowchart of an impurity detection method provided by an embodiment of the present application. This method can be applied to Figure 1 or Figure 2 the impurity detection system 10 on the inner wall surface of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and can be executed by a control unit that can be controlled by the staff. For example, Figure 3 As shown, this method may include the following steps:

[0070] Step 302: Apply a voltage to the discharge electrode to cause the discharge electrode to discharge to the inner wall of the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device and generate an electric spark.

[0071] Exemplarily, a pulsed voltage can be applied to the discharge electrode through a pulsed power supply to cause the discharge electrode to discharge to the inner wall of the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device and generate an electric spark.

[0072] Step 304: Collect the spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark through the optical signal acquisition component and transmit the spectral signal to the spectrometer.

[0073] Step 306: Analyze the spectral signal through the spectrometer to obtain the impurity information on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber.

[0074] The above steps 302 to 306 can refer to the above introductions regarding Figure 1 and Figure 2 and will not be elaborated in the embodiments of the present application.

[0075] In one embodiment, after step 306, this method may further include: outputting the impurity information to the plasma control unit for the plasma control unit to control the plasma in the reaction chamber based on the impurity information. Regarding this step, reference can be made to the above introductions regarding the fusion reaction system, and details will not be elaborated here.

[0076] Figure 4 is a flowchart of another impurity detection method provided by an embodiment of the present application. This method can be applied to Figure 2 the impurity detection system 10 on the inner wall surface of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and can be executed by a control unit that can be controlled by the staff. For example, Figure 4 As shown, the method may include the following steps:

[0077] Step 402: Control the robotic arm to drive the discharge electrode to move to a position opposite to a target area on the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0078] The target area can be an area set by the staff where the distribution of impurities needs to be determined. The staff can operate the mechanical control unit to control the mechanical arm.

[0079] Step 404: Control the pulse power supply to output a target voltage to the discharge electrode, so that the discharge electrode emits electric sparks toward the target area.

[0080] Step 406: Control the optical signal acquisition component to acquire the spectrum signal corresponding to the electric spark, and send the spectrum signal to the spectrometer.

[0081] Step 408: Control the spectrometer to analyze the spectral signal to obtain impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

[0082] Step 410: Control the spectrometer to output impurity information to the plasma control unit, so that the plasma control unit controls the plasma in the reaction chamber based on the impurity information.

[0083] The above steps 402 to 410 can refer to the above Figure 1 and Figure 2 The related introduction of the present application will not be repeated in the embodiments.

[0084] In summary, in the impurity detection method on the surface of the inner wall of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber provided in the embodiment of the present application, the discharge electrode is used to discharge to the inner wall of the reaction chamber to generate an electric spark, the optical signal acquisition component is used to collect the spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark, and the spectral signal is analyzed by the spectrometer to obtain the impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber. Since the electric spark can be triggered by only applying a voltage to the discharge electrode, the triggering process of the electric spark is relatively simple, and the time consumption of generating the spectral signal by the electric spark is relatively short, and the difficulty of analyzing the spectral signal is also relatively low, so that the impurity information can be obtained relatively easily. Therefore, the detection process of impurities on the inner wall of the reaction chamber can be simplified, and the impurity detection efficiency and impurity detection effect can be improved.

[0085] The above describes specific embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in an order different from that in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0086] Those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the present application. In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis, and for parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0087] The preferred embodiments of the present application disclosed above are only used to help explain the present application. The optional embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the present application to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of the present application. The present application selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present application well.

Claims

1. An impurity detection system for the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber, It is characterized in that The impurity detection system comprises: a discharge electrode, an optical signal collection component and a spectrometer; the discharge electrode is located in the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device, and the optical signal collection component is connected to the spectrometer; The discharge electrode is opposite to the inner wall of the reaction chamber, and the discharge electrode is used to discharge toward the inner wall of the reaction chamber to generate electric sparks; The optical signal acquisition component is used to collect the spectrum signal corresponding to the electric spark and transmit the spectrum signal to the spectrometer; The spectrometer is used to analyze the spectral signal to obtain impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

2. The impurity detection system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The discharge electrode is in a needle shape, and an end of the needle-shaped discharge electrode is opposite to the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

3. The impurity detection system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The optical signal acquisition component includes an optical fiber.

4. The impurity detection system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The impurity detection system further includes a pulse power supply, which is connected to the discharge electrode and the inner wall of the reaction chamber and is used to apply a pulse voltage to the discharge electrode and the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

5. The impurity detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, It is characterized in that The impurity detection system further comprises a mechanical arm located in the reaction chamber, and the discharge electrode is located at the front end of the mechanical arm; The mechanical arm is used to drive the discharge electrode to move and adjust the relative position of the discharge electrode and the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

6. The impurity detection system according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The mechanical arm comprises a plurality of sub-arms which are hinged in sequence, and the discharge electrode is fixed to a sub-arm located at an end of the plurality of sub-arms.

7. The impurity detection system according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The impurity detection system further comprises a mechanical control unit; the mechanical control unit is connected to the mechanical arm and is used to control the movement of the mechanical arm.

8. The impurity detection system according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The optical signal collection component is connected to the mechanical arm and is close to the discharge electrode.

9. A method for detecting impurities, It is characterized in that An impurity detection system for the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising: By applying voltage to the discharge electrode, the discharge electrode is made to discharge toward the inner wall of the reaction chamber of the nuclear fusion reaction device and generate electric sparks; Collecting the spectral signal corresponding to the electric spark through an optical signal collection component, and transmitting the spectral signal to a spectrometer; The spectrometer analyzes the spectral signal to obtain impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber.

10. The method according to claim 9, It is characterized in that The method further comprises: The impurity information is output to a plasma control unit so that the plasma control unit controls the plasma in the reaction chamber based on the impurity information.

11. A fusion reaction system, It is characterized in that The fusion reaction system comprises a nuclear fusion reaction device and an impurity detection system on the inner wall surface of a nuclear fusion reaction chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 8; The impurity detection system is used to detect impurity information on the surface of the inner wall of the reaction chamber in the nuclear fusion reaction device.

12. The fusion reaction system according to claim 11, It is characterized in that The fusion reaction system also includes a plasma control unit; The plasma control unit is connected to the impurity detection system and is used to control the plasma in the reaction chamber based on the impurity information.

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