Adaptive Air Distribution Method, System and Equipment Applied to SOFC Power Generation System

Abstract

The present application discloses an adaptive air distribution method, system and device applied to an SOFC power generation system, relating to the technical field of SOFC power generation systems. The present application provides an adaptive air distribution method applied to an SOFC power generation system. The SOFC power generation system includes an intake main pipe and a plurality of intake branch pipes communicated with the intake main pipe. The outlet ends of the plurality of intake branch pipes are respectively connected to the cathodes of corresponding fuel cells. The method is characterized by including: evaluating a first stability weight of the target fuel cell according to a first stability factor of the target fuel cell in a preset time period; obtaining at least one associated fuel cell associated with the target fuel cell according to the attribute information of the target fuel cell; obtaining a second stability weight of the target fuel cell according to a second stability factor of the associated fuel cell in the preset time period and the first stability weight; and adjusting an air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of SOFC power generation systems, and particularly to an adaptive air distribution method, system and device applied to SOFC power generation systems. Background Art

[0002] A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. Its operating temperature is usually relatively high (800–1000°C), and it has advantages such as strong fuel adaptability, high power generation efficiency, and recoverable waste heat, and has broad prospects in the fields of distributed power generation, combined heat and power supply, and renewable energy integration. A typical SOFC power generation system consists of multiple parallel or series-connected stack modules, and each stack realizes the distributed supply of air (oxygen) through an intake main pipe and branch pipes to meet the electrochemical reaction requirements on the cathode side.

[0003] In an SOFC system, the uniformity and dynamic adjustment ability of air distribution directly affect the stack performance and system life. On the one hand, insufficient oxygen supply on the cathode side will lead to a decrease in the rate of electrochemical reaction, causing local polarization loss and reducing power generation efficiency; on the other hand, the imbalance of air flow and temperature distribution will exacerbate the internal thermal stress of the stack, resulting in material structure degradation or even thermal cracking. In the prior art, air distribution methods are mostly based on flow threshold monitoring or feedback control of a single stack, resulting in insufficient adjustment lag and global optimization ability of the air distribution strategy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide an adaptive air distribution method, system and device applied to an SOFC power generation system, aiming to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, air distribution methods are mostly based on flow threshold monitoring or feedback control of a single stack, resulting in insufficient adjustment lag and global optimization ability of the air distribution strategy.

[0005] To achieve the above object, in the first aspect, this application provides an adaptive air distribution method applied to an SOFC power generation system. The SOFC power generation system includes an intake main pipe and a plurality of intake branch pipes communicating with the intake main pipe, and the outlet ends of the plurality of intake branch pipes are respectively connected to the cathodes of corresponding stacks, including:

[0006] Evaluating the first stability weight of the target stack according to the first stability factor of the target stack in a preset time period;

[0007] Obtaining at least one associated stack associated with the target stack according to the attribute information of the target stack;

[0008] Obtain the second stability weight of the target stack according to the second stability factor of the associated stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight.

[0009] Adjust the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight.

[0010] Optionally, the step of evaluating the first stability weight of the target stack according to the first stability factor of the target stack in the preset time period includes:

[0011] The first stability factor includes a gas flow data set, a voltage data set, a temperature data set, and a historical maintenance data set in the preset time period;

[0012] Obtain the cathode gas flow volatility according to the gas flow data set;

[0013] Obtain the voltage decay gradient according to the voltage data set;

[0014] Obtain the temperature distribution uniformity according to the temperature data set;

[0015] Obtain the failure rate according to the historical maintenance data set;

[0016] Obtain the first stability weight of the target stack based on the cathode gas flow volatility, the voltage decay gradient, the temperature distribution uniformity, and the failure rate.

[0017] Optionally, the expression for evaluating the first stability weight of the target stack according to the first stability factor of the target stack in the preset time period is:

[0018]

[0019] In the formula, represents the first stability weight, , , and respectively represent the weight coefficients of each parameter, represents the instantaneous flow rate, represents the average flow rate in the preset time period, N represents the number of instantaneous flow rate data collected, represents the flow rate fluctuation threshold, represents the decay gradient of the voltage in the preset time period, represents the voltage decay sensitivity coefficient, represents the standard deviation of the temperature data, represents the reference temperature, represents the failure rate, represents the critical failure rate threshold.

[0020] Optionally, the step of obtaining at least one associated stack associated with the target stack according to the attribute information of the target stack includes:

[0021] Obtain the information of the target intake manifold connected to the target stack according to the attribute information of the target stack;

[0022] Trace the intake main manifold communicating with the target intake manifold according to the target intake manifold information;

[0023] Obtain the information of at least one stack connected to the intake main manifold according to the intake main manifold, and mark it as an associated stack.

[0024] Optionally, the step of obtaining the second stability weight of the target stack according to the second stability factor of the associated stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight includes:

[0025] The second stability factor includes the length of the intake manifold of the associated stack, the diameter of the intake manifold, the voltage-current correlation coefficient of the associated stack, the temperature-flow correlation coefficient, the physical distance between the target stack and the associated stack, and the temperature difference between the target stack and the associated stack.

[0026] Optionally, the expression for obtaining the second stability weight of the target stack according to the second stability factor of the associated stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight is:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula, represents the first stability weight, represents the second stability weight, represents the spatial correlation weight coefficient, represents the structural coupling factor, represents the operating parameter coupling coefficient, represents the number of associated stacks, represents the dynamic weight coefficient, represents the first stability weight of the jth associated stack, represents the system average stability weight, represents the time decay coefficient, and t represents the interval between the current time and the data acquisition time.

[0029] Optionally, the dynamic weight coefficient The expression of is:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, represents the physical distance between the j-th associated stack and the target stack, represents the temperature difference between the j-th associated stack and the target stack, represents the reference temperature.

[0032] Optionally, the step of adjusting the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight includes:

[0033] Setting a multi-level control mode based on the interval range of the second stability weight;

[0034] When the second stability weight is within the first preset interval, reducing the air flow rate of the target stack to a preset proportion below the reference air flow rate;

[0035] When the second stability weight is within the second preset interval, maintaining the air flow rate fluctuation of the target stack within a preset range;

[0036] When the second stability weight is within the third preset interval, dynamically increasing the air flow rate of the target stack;

[0037] When the second stability weight is within the fourth preset interval, starting a standby flow channel to increase the air flow rate of the target stack to a preset proportion above the reference air flow rate.

[0038] In a second aspect, the present application provides an adaptive air distribution system applied to an SOFC power generation system. The SOFC power generation system includes an intake main pipe and a plurality of intake branch pipes communicated with the intake main pipe. The outlet ends of the plurality of intake branch pipes are respectively connected to the cathodes of corresponding stacks, and the system includes:

[0039] A first stability weight acquisition module configured to evaluate the first stability weight of the target stack according to the first stability factor of the target stack within a preset time period;

[0040] An associated stack acquisition module configured to acquire at least one associated stack associated with the target stack according to the attribute information of the target stack;

[0041] A second stability weight acquisition module configured to acquire the second stability weight of the target stack according to the second stability factor of the associated stack within the preset time period and the first stability weight;

[0042] An air distribution module configured to adjust the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight.

[0043] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device. The computer device includes a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the method as described above.

[0044] Beneficial effects achievable by this application:

[0045] An adaptive air distribution method, system, and device for an SOFC power generation system proposed in an embodiment of this application. The SOFC power generation system includes an intake main pipe and a plurality of intake branch pipes communicated with the intake main pipe. The outlet ends of the plurality of intake branch pipes are respectively connected to the cathodes of corresponding fuel cells, and it includes: evaluating the first stability weight of the target fuel cell according to the first stability factor of the target fuel cell in a preset time period; obtaining at least one associated fuel cell associated with the target fuel cell according to the attribute information of the target fuel cell; obtaining the second stability weight of the target fuel cell according to the second stability factor of the associated fuel cell in the preset time period and the first stability weight; adjusting the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight. Calculating the weight based on the stability factor within a preset time period enables the air distribution strategy to respond to the real-time changes in the performance of the fuel cell. By introducing the combined calculation of the stability factors of the target fuel cell and the associated fuel cells, the limitations of traditional single-fuel cell independent regulation are broken through, effectively reflecting the airflow coupling and thermal interaction relationships between fuel cells. The second stability weight integrates the operation state data of multiple fuel cells, making the air flow distribution match the actual heat load of the fuel cell. Description of the Drawings

[0046] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of the air distribution method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0047] The implementation, functional features, and advantages of the purpose of this application will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments with reference to the drawings. Detailed Embodiments

[0048] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0049] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0050] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, terms such as "connection" and "fixation" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0051] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing throughout the text includes three parallel scenarios. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes Scenario A, or Scenario B, or the scenario where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that those of ordinary skill in the art can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0052] Embodiment 1

[0053] Referring to Figure 1 , the first embodiment of the present application provides an adaptive air distribution method applied to an SOFC power generation system. The SOFC power generation system includes an intake main pipe and a plurality of intake branch pipes communicated with the intake main pipe. The outlet ends of the plurality of intake branch pipes are respectively connected to the cathodes of corresponding stacks, and the method includes the following operation steps:

[0054] S10. Evaluate the first stability weight of the target stack according to the first stability factor of the target stack in a preset time period.

[0055] Optionally, the preset time period can be set according to actual needs, such as every 5 minutes, every hour, every 24 hours, etc. Collect the first stability factor of the target stack to evaluate the first stability weight of the target stack in the preset time period. The first stability weight is used to characterize the stack performance. For example, the electrochemical stability reflects the internal chemical reaction equilibrium state of the stack. A decrease in the weight value may indicate a decrease in reaction activity or uneven local fuel / oxidant distribution; the thermodynamic stability characterizes the stack temperature field and thermal stress distribution state, and an abnormal weight value reflects the risk of thermal runaway or potential sealing failure.

[0056] S20. Obtain at least one associated stack associated with the target stack according to the attribute information of the target stack.

[0057] Optionally, obtain the topological position of the intake branch pipe connected to the target stack in the main pipe, such as the branch level of the branch pipe and the adjacent branch pipe number. The definition of the associated stack can be on the same branch or adjacent branch pipes of the target stack in the intake main pipe; it can also be the associated stack with a greater impact on the target stack when a failure occurred in the past through statistical analysis of the historical database.

[0058] S30. Obtain the second stability weight of the target stack according to the second stability factor of the associated stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight.

[0059] Optionally, in the SOFC power generation system, multiple stacks achieve air distribution through a shared intake main pipe. When the intake air volume of a certain stack (target stack) is adjusted, the pressure fluctuation in the main pipe will affect the flow rate of other branch pipes through hydrodynamic coupling, that is, the "pressure fluctuation propagation effect". If the regulation is only based on the independent parameters of the target stack, such as the first stability weight, there may be a problem of low accuracy. By using the second stability factor of the associated stack, such as branch pipe structure parameters, temperature differences, etc., the stability evaluation result of the target stack is corrected. The second stability weight is based on the control requirements of the multi-physical field coupling system. Through cross-modeling of fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and control theory, the air distribution strategy is dynamically associated with the stack stability. Its core logic is: coupling quantification: define the interaction strength between stacks through structural parameters and operating parameters; dynamic correction: use the real-time data feedback of the associated stack to correct the weight of the target stack; global optimization: solve the optimal solution of air distribution under multi-objective constraints (efficiency, life, stability). It breaks through the limitations of traditional single-stack independent control and provides a theoretical basis for the large-scale application of the SOFC system.

[0060] S40. Adjust the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight.

[0061] Optionally, based on the second stability weight, further adjust the air distribution condition of the cathode of the stack so that the stack can be in a more efficient power generation state.

[0062] For the SOFC power generation system, it includes the following core components:

[0063] Stack module: composed of multiple independent stacks, each stack includes an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte and a connector, and realizes electric energy output through series or parallel connection.

[0064] Intake main pipe: used to receive external air or oxygen-rich gas, maintain the main pipe pressure through a booster device such as a blower, and the gas received by the intake main pipe is usually preheated through a heating device;

[0065] Intake branch pipe: Multiple branch pipes are connected to the main pipe, and the outlet end of each branch pipe is connected to the cathode inlet of the corresponding fuel cell stack. The branch pipe is equipped with a flow regulating valve (such as an electric proportional valve) and a flow sensor.

[0066] Fuel supply system: supplies fuel, such as hydrogen and natural gas reformed gas, to the anode of the fuel cell stack.

[0067] Thermal management system: includes stack temperature sensor, exhaust gas waste heat recovery device and cooling circuit.

[0068] Control system: integrated data acquisition module, for example, real-time acquisition of stack voltage, current, temperature, branch pipe flow and other parameters and actuators, such as valve controllers.

[0069] The oxygen concentration on the cathode side directly affects the electrochemical reaction rate and follows the Nernst equation. Uneven air distribution may lead to intensified local polarization. The fuel cell stack corresponding to the low-flow branch will produce concentration polarization due to insufficient oxygen, resulting in reduced efficiency. Thermal stress is concentrated, and the fuel cell stack corresponding to the high-flow branch will not be cooled enough due to excess air, causing material degradation in the high-temperature area. System coupling oscillation: Branch flow adjustment causes main pipe pressure fluctuations, resulting in passive changes in the flow of other branches, forming a positive feedback imbalance.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] On the basis of Example 1, this embodiment provides an adaptive air distribution method applied to a SOFC power generation system, wherein the SOFC power generation system includes an intake manifold and a plurality of intake branches connected to the intake manifold, wherein the outlet ends of the plurality of intake branches are respectively connected to the cathodes of the corresponding stacks, and the method includes the following steps:

[0072] S10. Evaluate a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in a preset time period.

[0073] Optionally, the step of evaluating a first stability weight of the target fuel cell stack according to a first stability factor of the target fuel cell stack in a preset time period includes:

[0074] S101, the first stability factor includes a gas flow data set, a voltage data set, a temperature data set and a historical maintenance data set in a preset time period;

[0075] Specifically, examples of data sources and collection methods are as follows:

[0076] Gas flow data set: A mass flow meter, such as a thermal flow sensor, installed on the corresponding intake manifold of the target fuel cell stack records the instantaneous flow value sequence for a preset time period, such as 10 minutes, at a fixed sampling frequency, such as 1 Hz. .

[0077] Voltage dataset: By connecting a high-precision voltage acquisition module to the output terminal of the target stack, synchronously record a sequence of instantaneous voltage values within the same time period. .

[0078] Temperature dataset: Arrange a distributed thermocouple array on the cathode side, anode side, and electrolyte layer of the target stack, collect temperature values at multiple positions, and generate a temperature matrix. , where are spatial coordinates.

[0079] Historical maintenance dataset: Extract the fault records of the target stack within the past operating cycle (e.g., 6 months) from the maintenance log database of the SOFC system, including fault types, occurrence times, repair measures, and cumulative fault counts.

[0080] S102. Obtain the cathode gas flow volatility according to the gas flow dataset;

[0081] S103. Obtain the voltage decay gradient according to the voltage dataset;

[0082] S104. Obtain the temperature distribution uniformity according to the temperature dataset;

[0083] S105. Obtain the failure rate according to the historical maintenance dataset;

[0084] S106. Based on the cathode gas flow volatility, voltage decay gradient, temperature distribution uniformity, and the failure rate, obtain the first stability weight of the target stack.

[0085] The expression for evaluating the first stability weight of the target stack is:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, represents the first stability weight, , , and respectively represent the weight coefficients of each parameter, represents the instantaneous flow rate, represents the average flow rate over a preset time period, N represents the number of instantaneous flow rate data collected, represents the flow rate fluctuation threshold, represents the voltage decay gradient over a preset time period, represents the voltage decay sensitivity coefficient, represents the standard deviation of the temperature data, represents the reference temperature, represents the failure rate, represents the critical failure rate threshold.

[0088] represents the gas flow fluctuation term, represents the instantaneous flow rate (unit: m³ / s), reflecting the real-time fluctuations in the branch pipe gas supply. represents the average flow rate over a preset time period (unit: m³ / s), representing the expected value of steady-state gas supply. N: the number of sampling points of the flow rate data (unitless), for example, 600 data points are sampled per second within 10 minutes. represents the flow rate fluctuation threshold (unit: m³ / s), determined according to the system design (such as 20% of the rated flow rate). represents the standard deviation of the flow rate, quantifying the amplitude of the flow rate fluctuations. The standard deviation of the flow rate is divided by , the normalized volatility. If the volatility exceeds the threshold (i.e., the ratio > 1), this term is negative, significantly reducing .

[0089] is the voltage decay gradient term, represents the voltage decay gradient (unit: mV / s), obtained by linearly fitting the slope of the voltage time series, reflecting the degradation rate of the stack performance. represents the voltage decay sensitivity coefficient (unit: s / mV), used to adjust the penalty intensity of the decay rate. For example, when = 0.1, for every 10 mV / s increase, the exponential term value drops to 1 / e of the original value. The exponential function non-linearly suppresses the voltage decay. The faster the decay, i.e., the larger, this term approaches 0, significantly reducing .

[0090] represents the temperature distribution uniformity term, represents the standard deviation of the temperature data (unit: °C), calculated by multi-point temperature sensors inside the stack, reflecting the uniformity of the temperature field. represents the reference temperature (unit: °C), usually taking the rated operating temperature of the stack, such as 800 °C. The larger the temperature standard deviation , the more concentrated the internal thermal stress of the stack, the smaller this term value. When is equal to , this term is 0.

[0091] represents the failure rate term, represents the failure rate of the target stack (unit: times per thousand hours), statistically obtained from historical maintenance data. represents the critical failure rate threshold (unit: times per thousand hours), set by the system reliability requirements, such as 0.15 times per thousand hours. If Greater than or equal to , this item is negative and directly reduces , triggering a maintenance warning. Integrate historical operation and maintenance data to perform preventive power reduction on high-fault-risk fuel cells to avoid sudden failures affecting system operation.

[0092] 、 、 and are the weights of four types of parameters respectively, satisfying less than or equal to 1, and are dynamically adjusted according to the system operation target.

[0093] S20. According to the attribute information of the target fuel cell, obtain at least one associated fuel cell associated with the target fuel cell.

[0094] Optionally, the step of obtaining at least one associated fuel cell associated with the target fuel cell according to the attribute information of the target fuel cell includes:

[0095] S201. According to the attribute information of the target fuel cell, obtain the information of the target intake manifold connected to the target fuel cell;

[0096] Specifically, the unique number of the intake manifold corresponding to the target fuel cell, such as the manifold ID = P-203A, records its installation position coordinates (X, Y, Z) and the connection node number in the main pipe, such as Node-5. The manifold structure parameters include: manifold length (L = 2.5m), diameter (D = 0.1m), bending angle (θ = 45°), and valve type such as the electric proportional valve model VX-7. Match the binding relationship between the target fuel cell and the manifold through the manifold RFID tag or the system topology database; call the pipeline CAD model or the digital twin system to extract the structure parameters of the manifold; read the real-time monitoring data from the SCADA system to verify the current state of the manifold, such as the valve opening and the flow sensor reading.

[0097] S202. According to the target intake manifold information, trace back to the intake main pipe connected to the target intake manifold;

[0098] Specifically, according to the manifold connection node (Node-5), trace up in the tree topology diagram of the main pipe: determine the upper-level node of Node-5 (such as Node-2 is the main branch node of the main pipe); obtain the main path parameters of the main pipe: the current pressure (P_main = 105kPa).

[0099] S203. According to the intake main pipe, obtain the information of at least one fuel cell connected to the intake main pipe and mark it as an associated fuel cell.

[0100] Specifically, extract the list of all branch pipes connected to Node-2 and its adjacent nodes from the main pipe topology diagram; filter out the candidate stacks (such as Stack G-203B and G-203C) according to the physical distance (≤1.5 m).

[0101] S30. Obtain the second stability weight of the target stack according to the second stability factor of the associated stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight.

[0102] Optionally, the second stability factor includes the length of the intake branch pipe of the associated stack, the diameter of the intake branch pipe, the voltage-current correlation coefficient of the associated stack, the temperature-flow correlation coefficient, the physical distance between the target stack and the associated stack, and the temperature difference between the target stack and the associated stack.

[0103] Optionally, the expression for obtaining the second stability weight of the target stack according to the second stability factor of the associated stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight is as follows:

[0104]

[0105] In the formula, represents the first stability weight, represents the second stability weight, represents the spatial correlation weight coefficient, represents the structural coupling factor, represents the operating parameter coupling coefficient, represents the number of associated stacks, represents the dynamic weight coefficient, represents the first stability weight of the jth associated stack, represents the system average stability weight, represents the time decay coefficient, and t represents the interval between the current time and the data acquisition time.

[0106] represents the intrinsic stability of the target stack, reflecting its health status in the independent operation state.

[0107] is the spatial correlation weight coefficient, determined by the branch pipe layout topology. The longer the branch pipe length of the target stack, the smaller it is, indicating the influence intensity of the physical structure coupling on the stability. The more significant the pressure fluctuation propagation is, quantifying the influence of the physical characteristics of the branch pipe length on the air flow distribution,

[0108] The expression of can be: Among them, represents the reference branch pipe length, and its specific value can be set according to historical data, Indicates the length of the target stack branch pipe,

[0109] is the structural coupling factor, the normalized compensation of the branch pipe diameter difference. The larger the diameter difference, The smaller.

[0110] The expression can be: in, Indicates the branch pipe diameter of the target stack, Indicates the base diameter of the branch pipe. Indicates the maximum difference diameter.

[0111] Indicates the operating parameter coupling coefficient, which is adjusted based on the historical correlation coefficient fluctuations between the voltage-current and temperature-flow between the stacks. .

[0112]

[0113] In the formula, , represents the voltage and current of the target battery stack at time t, , Indicates the average voltage and current within the preset time period. , Indicates the standard deviation of voltage and current. U indicates the number of voltage and current collected in the preset time period. When it approaches 1, it indicates that the voltage and current are strongly positively correlated, indicating that the battery stack is in a high-efficiency and stable state; When it approaches -1, the voltage and current are strongly negatively correlated, and electrolyte degradation or fuel supply abnormality may occur.

[0114]

[0115] In the formula, Indicates the target stack cathode inlet temperature, Indicates the real-time flow rate of the branch pipe corresponding to the target stack. , Indicates the average value of temperature and flow. G indicates the number of temperatures and real-time flows collected within the preset time period. When it approaches 1, the temperature is positively correlated with the flow rate, indicating insufficient air cooling (the flow rate increases but the temperature rises); when When it approaches -1, the temperature is negatively correlated with the flow rate, indicating that the cooling efficiency is normal (increasing the flow rate effectively reduces the temperature).

[0116] Normalize the stability of the associated battery stacks to eliminate the deviation caused by the fluctuation interference of the overall stability of the system and highlight the relative impact. Represents the first stability weight of the j-th associated stack, which is calculated in the same way as the first stability weight of the target stack. That is, each stack can be calculated as the target stack under different scenarios. The target stack and the associated stack are relative, rather than fixed.

[0117] Represents the time decay factor. Represents the time decay coefficient, which controls the weight decay rate of historical data. As time goes by, it reduces the reference value of old data to ensure that the system responds to the latest state first. The time decay factor avoids the long-term negative impact of historical abnormal data (such as short-term faults) and improves the robustness of the system.

[0118] Optionally, the dynamic weight coefficient The expression is:

[0119]

[0120] In the formula, Represents the physical distance between the j-th associated stack and the target stack. Represents the temperature difference between the j-th associated stack and the target stack. Represents the reference temperature.

[0121] Is inversely proportional to The farther the distance, the lower the contribution. The larger Exponential decay to reduce the cascading risk caused by heat conduction; implement the compensation strategy of "proximity first, low temperature first" to suppress the interference of distal or high-temperature associated stacks.

[0122] Based on the above technical solutions, through the dual-coupling modeling of space and operating parameters, the cascading imbalance risk of the multi-stack system is effectively suppressed. And Implement the intelligent compensation logic of "the more stable, the closer, the greater the contribution"; the time decay factor takes into account the response to the latest data and the isolation of historical anomalies, adapting to complex working conditions.

[0123] S40. Adjust the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight.

[0124] Optionally, the steps of adjusting the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight include:

[0125] S401. Set a multi-level control mode based on the interval range of the second stability weight.

[0126] S402. When the second stability weight is within the first preset interval, reduce the air flow rate of the target stack to a preset proportion below the reference air flow rate.

[0127] S403. When the second stability weight is within the second preset range, maintain the air flow fluctuation of the target stack within the preset range;

[0128] S404. When the second stability weight is within the third preset range, dynamically increase the air flow of the target stack;

[0129] S405. When the second stability weight is within the fourth preset range, activate the standby flow channel to increase the air flow of the target stack to a preset percentage above the reference air flow.

[0130] Based on the range of the second stability weight, for example:

[0131] The first preset range is , indicating that the target stack is in the high-efficiency optimization mode, with high electro-chemical efficiency, uniform temperature, and strong synergy among associated stacks; at this time, reduce the flow rate of the target stack to 85% of the reference flow rate, and distribute 15% of the redundant flow rate to the associated stacks that need to supplement the flow rate according to the ratio to compensate for their oxygen gap or enhance cooling. The flow rate control can be achieved by adjusting the valve opening on the branch pipe. Reduce the excessive air supply to avoid the electrolyte temperature being too low due to excessive cooling (affecting the conductivity), and at the same time reduce the fan energy consumption. When the stack operates efficiently, the cathode oxygen concentration demand can be met by a lower flow rate, and the temperature uniformity indicates that no additional cooling is required.

[0132] The second preset range is , indicating that the target stack is in the steady-state maintenance mode, with stable stack operation but slight fluctuations, such as a small increase in the temperature gradient or flow rate fluctuations; at this time, it is only necessary to maintain the reference flow rate of the target stack plus or minus 3%, and the associated stacks are adjusted slightly plus or minus 2%. Suppress short-term disturbances of voltage or temperature through small fluctuations, such as load fluctuations, and prevent oscillations caused by over-regulation. By slightly adjusting the associated stacks, balance the main pipe pressure fluctuations and avoid the coupling interference of single-branch pipe adjustments on the whole.

[0133] The third preset range is , indicating that the target stack is in the dynamic compensation mode, with reduced stack efficiency, insufficient cooling, or significant coupling interference among associated stacks; at this time, the target stack increases the flow rate linearly according to , where the value of K can be set according to historical data, and the associated stacks reduce the flow rate according to the weight ratio (maximum -25%). The decrease may be due to insufficient oxygen (concentration polarization). Increasing the flow rate can increase the cathode oxygen concentration and restore the reaction rate; although the flow rate increases but the temperature rises, increasing the flow rate strengthens convective cooling and suppresses overheating. By reducing the flow rate of the associated stacks, maintain the main pipe pressure balance and prevent global instability caused by the increase in the flow rate of the target stack.

[0134] The fourth preset interval is , indicating that the target stack is in the emergency protection mode, and the stack is seriously abnormal, such as a sudden voltage drop or out-of-control temperature, with a risk of thermal cracking damage or fault spread; start the standby flow channel, the flow rate of the target stack surges to 2 times the reference flow rate, or cut off the intake air channel of the target stack to stop the target stack from working, and send an alarm message to trigger thermal isolation, and lock the flow rate of the associated stack to the safety threshold. Through ultra-high flow rate forced cooling, prevent thermal runaway, such as electrolyte melting or connector deformation; emergency flow increase can quickly reduce the stack temperature. By locking the flow rate of the associated stack, block the fault propagation path and prevent abnormal pressure or temperature fluctuations from spreading to healthy stacks. Perform fuzzy processing on the interval boundary and use the Sigmoid function for smooth transition to avoid sudden step changes in flow rate.

[0135] Embodiment 3

[0136] Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides an adaptive air distribution system applied to an SOFC power generation system. The SOFC power generation system includes an intake main pipe and a plurality of intake branch pipes communicated with the intake main pipe. The outlet ends of the plurality of intake branch pipes are respectively connected to the cathodes of corresponding stacks, and it includes:

[0137] The first stability weight acquisition module is configured to evaluate the first stability weight of the target stack according to the first stability factor of the target stack in a preset time period;

[0138] The associated stack acquisition module is configured to acquire at least one associated stack associated with the target stack according to the attribute information of the target stack;

[0139] The second stability weight acquisition module is configured to acquire the second stability weight of the target stack according to the second stability factor of the associated stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight;

[0140] The air distribution module is configured to adjust the air distribution strategy based on the second stability weight.

[0141] Embodiment 4

[0142] This embodiment provides a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor executes the computer program to implement any of the above methods.

[0143] Embodiment 5

[0144] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and the processor executes the computer program to implement any of the above methods.

[0145] In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium may be a memory such as FRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disc, or CD-ROM; or may be various devices including one or any combination of the above memories. The computer may be various computing devices including smart terminals and servers.

[0146] In the above embodiments of the present disclosure, the descriptions of the respective embodiments each have their own emphasis. For parts not detailed in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0147] In several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. Among them, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units can be a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection to each other can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of units or modules can be in an electrical or other form.

[0148] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0149] In addition, in each embodiment of the present disclosure, the functional units can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0150] When the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable non-volatile storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present disclosure, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a non-volatile storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of the present disclosure. The aforementioned non-volatile storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as USB flash drives, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), mobile hard disks, magnetic disks, or optical discs.

[0151] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the patent scope of the present application accordingly. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the specification and drawings of the present application, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An adaptive air distribution method applied to a SOFC power generation system. The SOFC power generation system includes an intake main pipe and a plurality of intake branch pipes communicated with the intake main pipe. The outlet ends of the plurality of intake branch pipes are respectively connected to the cathodes of corresponding fuel cells. It is characterized in that, Including: Evaluating a first stability weight of the target stack according to a first stability factor of the target stack in a preset time period; The first stability factor includes a gas flow rate data set, a voltage data set, a temperature data set, and a historical maintenance data set in the preset time period; The expression for evaluating the first stability weight of the target stack is: Wherein, represents the first stability weight, , , and respectively represent the weight coefficients of each parameter, represents the instantaneous flow rate, represents the average flow rate in a preset time period, N represents the number of collected instantaneous flow rate data, represents the flow rate fluctuation threshold, represents the attenuation gradient of the voltage in a preset time period, represents the voltage attenuation sensitivity coefficient, represents the standard deviation of the temperature data, represents the reference temperature, represents the failure rate, represents the critical failure rate threshold; According to the attribute information of the target stack, obtaining at least one associated stack associated with the target stack; Obtaining a second stability weight of the target stack according to a second stability factor of the associated stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight; The second stability factor includes the length of the intake branch pipe of the target stack, the diameter of the intake branch pipe, the voltage-current correlation coefficient of the associated stack, the temperature-flow correlation coefficient, the physical distance between the target stack and the associated stack, and the temperature difference between the target stack and the associated stack; The expression for obtaining the second stability weight of the target stack is: In the formula, represents the first stability weight, represents the second stability weight, represents the spatial correlation weight coefficient, represents the structure coupling factor, represents the operating parameter coupling coefficient, represents the number of associated stacks, represents the dynamic weight coefficient, represents the first stability weight of the j-th associated stack, represents the system average stability weight, represents the time decay coefficient, where t represents the interval between the current time and the data acquisition time; Dynamic weight coefficient The expression is as follows: In the formula, represents the physical distance between the j-th associated stack and the target stack, represents the temperature difference between the j-th associated stack and the target stack, represents the reference temperature; Setting a multi-level control mode based on the interval range of the second stability weight.

2. The adaptive air distribution method applied to the SOFC power generation system according to claim 1, wherein The step of evaluating the first stability weight of the target stack according to the first stability factor of the target stack in the preset time period includes: Obtaining a cathode gas flow rate volatility according to the gas flow rate data set; Obtaining a voltage attenuation gradient according to the voltage data set; Obtaining a temperature distribution uniformity according to the temperature data set; Obtaining a failure rate according to the historical maintenance data set; Obtaining a first stability weight of the target stack based on the cathode gas flow rate volatility, the voltage attenuation gradient, the temperature distribution uniformity, and the failure rate.

3. The adaptive air distribution method applied to the SOFC power generation system according to claim 1, wherein The step of obtaining at least one associated stack associated with the target stack according to the attribute information of the target stack includes: Obtaining target intake branch pipe information connected to the target stack according to the attribute information of the target stack; Tracing back the intake main pipe communicating with the target intake branch pipe according to the target intake branch pipe information; Obtaining at least one stack information connected to the intake main pipe according to the intake main pipe, and marking it as an associated stack.

4. The adaptive air distribution method applied to the SOFC power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of setting a multi-level control mode based on the interval range of the second stability weight includes: When the second stability weight is in a first preset interval, reducing the air flow rate of the target stack by a preset proportion below the reference air flow rate; When the second stability weight is in a second preset interval, maintaining the air flow rate fluctuation of the target stack within a preset range; When the second stability weight is in a third preset interval, dynamically increasing the air flow rate of the target stack; When the second stability weight is in a fourth preset interval, starting a standby flow channel to increase the air flow rate of the target stack by a preset proportion above the reference air flow rate.

5. An adaptive air distribution system applied to a SOFC power generation system, the SOFC power generation system comprising an intake main pipe and a plurality of intake branch pipes communicated with the intake main pipe, the outlet ends of the plurality of intake branch pipes being respectively connected to the cathodes of corresponding fuel cells, characterized in that, Including: A first stability weight acquisition module configured to evaluate a first stability weight of the target stack according to a first stability factor of the target stack in a preset time period; The first stability factor includes a gas flow rate data set, a voltage data set, a temperature data set, and a historical maintenance data set in the preset time period; The expression for evaluating the first stability weight of the target stack is: In the formula, represents the first stability weight, , , and respectively represent the weight coefficients of each parameter, represents the instantaneous flow rate, represents the average flow rate in a preset time period, N represents the number of instantaneous flow rate data collected, represents the flow rate fluctuation threshold, represents the attenuation gradient of the voltage in a preset time period, represents the voltage attenuation sensitivity coefficient, represents the standard deviation of the temperature data, represents the reference temperature, represents the failure rate, represents the critical failure rate threshold; An associated stack acquisition module, which is configured to acquire at least one associated stack associated with the target stack according to the attribute information of the target stack; A second stability weight acquisition module, which is configured to acquire the second stability weight of the target stack according to the second stability factor of the associated stack in the preset time period and the first stability weight; The second stability factor includes the length of the intake manifold of the target stack, the diameter of the intake manifold, the voltage-current correlation coefficient of the associated stack, the temperature-flow correlation coefficient, the physical distance between the target stack and the associated stack, and the temperature difference between the target stack and the associated stack; The expression for acquiring the second stability weight of the target stack is: In the formula, represents the first stability weight, represents the second stability weight, represents the spatial correlation weight coefficient, represents the structure coupling factor, represents the operating parameter coupling coefficient, represents the number of associated stacks, represents the dynamic weight coefficient, represents the first stability weight of the j-th associated stack, represents the system average stability weight, represents the time decay coefficient, where t represents the interval between the current time and the data acquisition time; Dynamic weight coefficient The expression is as follows: In the formula, represents the physical distance between the j-th associated stack and the target stack, represents the temperature difference between the j-th associated stack and the target stack, represents the reference temperature; An air distribution module, which is configured to set a multi-level control mode based on the range of the second stability weight.

6. A computer device, characterized in that, The computer device includes a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-4.

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