Multi-nozzle atomization active temperature and humidity control method for fuel cell

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-nozzle atomization active temperature and humidity control method for a fuel cell, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out staggered distribution control and staggered installation on nozzles of the spraying temperature and humidity control unit; periodically controlling a nozzle of the spraying temperature and humidity control unit according to the time-sharing control logic, and controlling the temperature and the humidity of the compressed gas entering the spraying temperature and humidity control unit; the compressed gas enters an electric pile of the fuel cell for chemical reaction after being treated by the spray temperature and humidity control unit; the gas pressure of an electric pile outlet is adjusted by dynamically adjusting the opening degree of the back pressure valve; gas after the galvanic pile reaction is finished is adjusted by the back pressure valve and then enters the water segregator to separate liquid water and gas, the water segregator is connected with the active temperature control water storage tank, and the deionizer is arranged at an outlet of the active temperature control water storage tank to adsorb ions and filter impurities. Accurate temperature control and humidity control of fuel cell spraying are achieved, and the working efficiency and stability of a fuel cell are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a fuel cell multi-nozzle atomization active temperature and humidity control method. Background Art

[0002] The fuel cell system is a power generation system with a fuel cell stack as the core, combined with a hydrogen supply and circulation system, an air supply system, a water and heat management system, a fuel cell control system, and a safety system. The essence of the reaction is that hydrogen and oxygen react electrochemically in the fuel cell stack under the action of a catalyst. Hydrogen decomposes into hydrogen ions and electrons. The proton exchange membrane provides a channel for hydrogen ions and blocks electrons, allowing electrons to flow through an external circuit to form an electric current. At the same time, oxygen combines with hydrogen ions and electrons to generate water, efficiently converting chemical energy into electrical energy, accompanied by heat generation. In order to efficiently carry out electrochemical reactions, the humidity and temperature of the cathode need to be controlled within a specific range. In terms of humidity, the humidity of the air entering the stack is usually required to be between 40% and 80%. This is because the proton exchange membrane needs to maintain sufficient relative humidity during operation to ensure that it is not too dry, thereby maintaining good proton conductivity. Too low humidity will lead to poor proton conduction, but too high humidity may cause water film flooding and short circuit of the stack. At present, the humidification methods of fuel cells are divided into internal humidification and external humidification. Internal humidification has high requirements for the proton exchange membrane of the stack and is difficult to control. External humidification includes the use of membrane tube humidifiers, spray humidification, etc., but membrane tube humidifiers have the disadvantages of large size, high price, short life, and inability to perform active control. Spray humidification also has the disadvantages of short nozzle life, high conductivity of the liquid at the spray outlet, low spray volume control accuracy, and easy formation of liquid water at the inlet, resulting in flooding of the stack head. In terms of temperature, the air temperature entering the stack is usually required to be between 50 and 80°C. Too low temperature will reduce the reaction rate of the stack, while too high temperature may cause corrosion and damage to the stack materials. Since fuel cells use air compressors for air supply, after the air is pressurized, the temperature will also rise, up to 180°C. Water-to-air intercoolers are now commonly used to cool the air entering the stack. However, water-to-air intercoolers are mechanical parts and the temperature can only be controlled by controlling the water flow rate. However, the water flow rate of the water-to-air intercooler is usually controlled by the main water pump in the fuel cell system, so it is difficult and costly to control the water flow rate. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a fuel cell multi-nozzle atomization active temperature and humidity control method. The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions, including: Obtain the basic physical parameters of the spray temperature and humidity control unit, and perform staggered distribution control on the nozzle of the spray temperature and humidity control unit according to the basic physical parameters to obtain nozzle position and angle data; stagger the nozzle according to the position and angle data; periodically control the nozzle of the spray temperature and humidity control unit according to the time-sharing control logic; the nozzle controls the temperature and humidity of the compressed gas entering the spray temperature and humidity control unit by spraying; the spray volume of the nozzle is linked to the multi-mode temperature regulation of the active temperature control water tank; The compressed gas enters the fuel cell stack for chemical reaction after being processed by the spray temperature and humidity control unit; the current air pressure data is obtained through a pressure sensor at the outlet of the fuel cell stack, the target pressure is set according to the requirements of the air supply system, and the gas pressure at the outlet of the fuel cell stack is adjusted by dynamically adjusting the opening of the back pressure valve according to the current air pressure data and the target pressure; After the stack reaction is completed, the gas is regulated by the back pressure valve and enters the water separator to separate liquid water and gas. The water separator is connected to the active temperature control water tank. A deionizer is set at the outlet of the active temperature control water tank to adsorb ions and filter impurities.

[0004] Specifically, the spray temperature and humidity control unit is intermittently turned on or turned on in combination through a time-sharing control logic, and the time-sharing control logic performs atomization, humidification and temperature adjustment on the compressed gas through staggered nozzles. The staggered nozzles are staggered along the gas flow direction, and the positions and angles of the staggered nozzles are obtained by optimizing the group balance model, specifically including: By adopting staggered distribution to change the jet direction and introduce flow field interference factors, the nozzle arrangement and control logic are further optimized by combining the group balance model with the flow field interference factor optimization method; the group balance model forms a multi-objective optimization framework based on the evolution of droplet size distribution with space and time, combined with the flow field interference factor minimization objective function: , Where d is the average diameter of the nozzle droplets, x i Indicates the nozzle position, θ i Indicates the nozzle angle, i and j are nozzle counts; The multi-objective optimization framework is optimized by a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal nozzle position and nozzle angle.

[0005] Specifically, the time-sharing control logic sets each nozzle to be turned on and off periodically at a preset time interval.

[0006] Specifically, the back-pressure valve works in conjunction with the air compressor to stabilize the air pressure and flow by adjusting the opening; the opening of the back-pressure valve is precisely adjusted by a PID controller; the PID controller receives the current signal and the target pressure, calculates the control amount and outputs it to the back-pressure valve, thereby adjusting its basic opening value to achieve the set pressure.

[0007] Specifically, the precise adjustment method is implemented by combining closed-loop PID feedback control with air compressor speed feedforward compensation: Read the stack outlet pressure sensor data in real time to obtain the current air pressure, obtain the air compressor speed, and set the target pressure according to the air supply system requirements; calculate the pressure error through PID closed-loop control: , Where, e(t) is the pressure error, P target is the target pressure, P current is the current air pressure; Calculate the closed-loop control quantity according to the PID formula: , Among them, u PID (t) is the closed-loop control quantity, K p , T i , T d These are the proportional coefficient, integral time constant and differential time constant calibrated according to the actual working conditions of the fuel cell stack.

[0008] The final opening of the back pressure valve is the superposition of the PID output and the feedforward compensation. The linear compensation model is used to calculate the feedforward compensation term: , , Among them, K f is the feedforward gain coefficient, u feedforward is the feedforward compensation term, N compressor is the air compressor speed; u final is the final opening of the back pressure valve; An opening instruction is generated according to the final opening of the back pressure valve, and the opening instruction is converted into a driving signal of the back pressure valve.

[0009] Specifically, the multi-mode temperature regulation of the active temperature-controlled water tank integrates a heater and a refrigeration module in the water tank, including a circulating heating mode and a dynamic compensation mode; the water flow of the water tank is adjusted by a variable frequency water pump, which is linked to the spray volume demand; the temperature after mixing needs to be set to a calibration value to meet the dynamic balance, and the mathematical model calculation formula of the dynamic balance is: , Among them, T mix is the temperature after mixing, Cair is the specific heat capacity of the inflowing air, C spray is the specific heat capacity of the spray liquid, T z is the intercooler temperature, T w is the water tank temperature, m air is the inflow air mass flow rate, m spray is the mass flow rate of spray liquid.

[0010] Specifically, the spray temperature and humidity control unit is installed in parallel with the intercooler, and a pulse damper is arranged between the gear high-pressure water pump and the spray temperature and humidity control unit to eliminate pressure fluctuations; a water quality sensor is arranged between the water separator and the active temperature control water tank to monitor the conductivity, temperature and particulate matter concentration of liquid water in real time, and feed back to the fuel cell control system to trigger deionizer regeneration or water tank drainage.

[0011] Specifically, the deionizer is arranged on the pipeline between the outlet of the active temperature-controlled water storage tank and the gear high-pressure water pump, adsorbs soluble ions in liquid water through ion exchange resin, and is equipped with a multi-stage filter screen to intercept impurities.

[0012] Specifically, the regeneration triggering conditions of the deionizer include: the water quality sensor detects that the liquid water conductivity exceeds the set threshold and the particle concentration reaches the preset limit; the regeneration process is achieved by backwashing the ion exchange resin and replacing the multi-stage filter screen.

[0013] Specifically, the water flow of the intercooler is fixed, and the inlet of the intercooler is connected to the branch pipeline of the air compressor outlet; the inlet of the spray temperature and humidity control unit is directly connected to the high-temperature gas pipeline of the air compressor outlet; a pulse damper is provided between the gear high-pressure water pump and the spray temperature and humidity control unit to eliminate pressure fluctuations.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: By adopting multi-nozzle atomization technology, precise temperature and humidity control of the air entering the fuel cell stack is achieved. Three small-aperture nozzles are staggered along the gas flow direction, and through time-sharing control logic, the switching frequency of a single nozzle is effectively reduced, thereby extending the service life of the nozzle. At the same time, the nozzle opening logic is based on the feedback data of the temperature and humidity sensor at the inlet of the fuel cell stack, and can flexibly adjust the spray state and flow control accuracy according to actual needs, ensuring the stable operation of the fuel cell at different power ranges.

[0015] The design of the active temperature-controlled water storage tank integrates a multi-layer plate heat exchanger and a high-precision PID temperature control module to achieve precise temperature control of the water. The application of the resin-filled deionization layer further ensures the purity of the circulating water, reduces the liquid conductivity, and improves the performance and life of the fuel cell.

[0016] In addition, the deionizer is installed in the pipeline between the outlet of the active temperature-controlled water tank and the gear high-pressure water pump. It absorbs the dissolved ions in the liquid water through ion exchange resin and is equipped with a multi-stage filter to intercept impurities, effectively ensuring the cleanliness of the water quality. The parallel installation of the spray temperature and humidity control unit and the intercooler, as well as the pulse damper installed between the gear high-pressure water pump and the spray temperature and humidity control unit, further improve the stability and reliability.

[0017] In summary, the active temperature and humidity control method provided by the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, precise control, stable operation, etc. It can effectively solve the problems existing in the prior art and improve the performance and life of the fuel cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of an active temperature and humidity control system for a fuel cell multi-nozzle atomization active temperature and humidity control method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0021] See also Figure 1 , a fuel cell multi-nozzle atomization active temperature and humidity control method, comprising: Obtain the basic physical parameters of the spray temperature and humidity control unit, and perform staggered distribution control on the nozzle of the spray temperature and humidity control unit according to the basic physical parameters to obtain nozzle position and angle data; stagger the nozzle according to the position and angle data; periodically control the nozzle of the spray temperature and humidity control unit according to the time-sharing control logic; the nozzle controls the temperature and humidity of the compressed gas entering the spray temperature and humidity control unit by spraying; the spray volume of the nozzle is linked to the multi-mode temperature regulation of the active temperature control water tank; The compressed gas enters the fuel cell stack for chemical reaction after being processed by the spray temperature and humidity control unit; the current air pressure data is obtained through a pressure sensor at the outlet of the fuel cell stack, the target pressure is set according to the requirements of the air supply system, and the gas pressure at the outlet of the fuel cell stack is adjusted by dynamically adjusting the opening of the back pressure valve according to the current air pressure data and the target pressure; After the stack reaction is completed, the gas is regulated by the back pressure valve and enters the water separator to separate liquid water and gas. The water separator is connected to the active temperature control water tank. A deionizer is set at the outlet of the active temperature control water tank to adsorb ions and filter impurities.

[0022] In this embodiment, an active temperature and humidity control system using a fuel cell multi-nozzle atomization active temperature and humidity control method includes: a filter, a flow meter, an air compressor, a sealing valve, a spray temperature and humidity control unit, an intercooler, a fuel cell stack, a back pressure valve, a water separator, a tail exhaust silencer, an active temperature control water tank, a deionizer and a gear water pump; The gas entering the system is filtered through the filter to remove impurities; the gas flow passing through the filter is measured through the flow meter to ensure that the gas flow is within a set range; the air compressor compresses the gas passing through the flow meter, and controls the flow of the gas through the sealing valve to ensure that the system works in a sealed state; The filter component adopts a multi-stage gradient filtration structure, through the combined action of the fiber adsorption layer and the electrostatic precipitation unit; a closed-loop control system is constructed based on the Coriolis mass flowmeter, and the valve opening is adjusted in real time through the PID algorithm to stabilize the gas flow within the set value fluctuation range; pneumatic compression stage: the two-stage screw air compressor realizes intelligent adjustment of the compression ratio through variable frequency drive under working pressure; the airtight control valve group adopts the linkage mechanism of the pilot solenoid valve and the pressure sensor, and when the pressure deviation is detected to exceed the set threshold, the emergency cut-off protection program is triggered.

[0023] After being compressed, the gas flows to the spray temperature and humidity control unit, which controls the temperature and humidity of the gas by spraying; the intercooler is installed in parallel with the spray temperature and humidity control unit to cool the gas passing through the spray temperature and humidity control unit to further adjust the gas temperature; Specifically, the spray temperature and humidity control unit is intermittently turned on or turned on in combination through a time-sharing control logic, and the time-sharing control logic performs atomization, humidification and temperature adjustment on the compressed gas through staggered nozzles, and the staggered nozzles are staggered along the gas flow direction, and the positions and angles of the staggered nozzles are obtained after optimization through a population balance model; Specifically, the time-sharing control logic sets each nozzle to be turned on and off periodically at a preset time interval.

[0024] In this embodiment, the spray temperature and humidity control unit includes three small-aperture nozzles, which are staggered along the gas flow direction and intermittently turned on or turned on in combination through time-sharing control logic to reduce the switching frequency of a single nozzle and extend its life; basic physical parameters include: flow rate when the nozzle works alone, flow rate at the nozzle, initial staggered angle of the nozzle, and staggered installation position of the nozzle; Design of nozzles staggered along the gas flow direction (non-linear alignment): When multiple nozzles are arranged in a straight line, high-speed spray may generate turbulence due to jet superposition, causing droplets to coalesce, forming large particles and reducing evaporation efficiency. In this embodiment, staggered distribution is used to change the jet direction to reduce flow field interference; When the nozzles are staggered, the jet interaction between adjacent nozzles can be expressed as: , Among them, u i is the flow velocity at the i-th nozzle, u i,0 is the flow rate when the i-th nozzle works alone, u ij is the interference flow velocity of the jth nozzle on the ith nozzle; θ ij is the misalignment angle of the two nozzle jet directions. The larger the misalignment angle, the greater the sinθ ij The smaller it is, the weaker the contribution of the disturbing flow velocity; In order to quantify the influence of flow field interference, the flow field interference factor I is introduced. ij , defined as: , Among them, ||u ij || and ||u i0 || are the modulus of the interference flow velocity and the flow velocity when the nozzle works alone; the flow field interference factor I ij It indicates the interference degree of the jth nozzle to the flow field of the ith nozzle. When I ij When it is larger, it means that the flow field interference is stronger, which may cause droplet aggregation; when I ij When it is smaller, it means that the flow field interference is weaker and the possibility of droplet coalescence is reduced.

[0025] When designing staggered nozzles, the position and angle of the nozzles are optimized to minimize the total flow field interference factor. This can be achieved by solving the following optimization problem: , Among them, x i represents the position and angle of the i-th nozzle, and N is the total number of nozzles.

[0026] In order to further improve the performance of the spray system, a droplet coalescence model is introduced. The probability of droplet coalescence can be expressed by the following formula: , Among them, P c is the probability of droplet coalescence, Δv is the relative velocity between droplets, v c is the critical speed, d p is the droplet diameter, d 0 By reducing the flow field interference, the relative velocity Δv between droplets can be reduced, thereby reducing the probability of droplet coalescence.

[0027] In practical applications, the effectiveness of the optimization algorithm can be verified by experimentally measuring parameters such as droplet size distribution and velocity distribution under different arrangement schemes. The experimental results show that the staggered arrangement nozzle design can effectively reduce droplet coalescence, improve evaporation efficiency, and enhance cooling effect.

[0028] In order to reduce the switching frequency of a single nozzle and extend its life, a time-sharing control logic is used to achieve intermittent or combined opening. The specific control strategy is as follows: 1. Intermittent opening: Each nozzle is opened and closed periodically at a preset time interval. For example, nozzle 1 is turned on and off at time t 1 Open, spray continuously for Δt and then close; Nozzle 2 at time t 2 Open, spray continuously for Δt and then close; Nozzle 3 at time t 3 Open, spray continuously for Δt and then close. 1 ,t 2 ,t 3 and Δt, can ensure the continuity and stability of the entire spray system.

[0029] 2. Combined opening: According to actual needs, multiple nozzles can be opened at the same time, but the control logic is used to ensure that they are not switched frequently. For example, under high load conditions, nozzles 1 and 2 can be opened at the same time; under low load conditions, only nozzle 3 is opened. In this way, the number of times a single nozzle is opened and closed can be reduced, extending its service life.

[0030] In order to optimize the nozzle arrangement and control logic, the method combining the population balance model and the flow field interference factor optimization is used to further optimize the nozzle arrangement and control logic; specifically, the population balance model describes the evolution of droplet size distribution over space and time: , Among them, i and j are the nozzle counts, is the rate of change of the droplet number density n with time, It represents the rate of change of the droplet number density n with the spatial position, where u is the velocity vector of the fluid. This term is used to describe the spatial variation of the droplet number density caused by the fluid flow; represents the droplet generation term, which describes the increase in droplet number density due to processes such as collision and splitting between droplets, β ij is the rate coefficient of collision or splitting between droplets i and j, n i and n j are the droplet generation number densities of nozzle i and nozzle j respectively; The droplet disappearance term of the component describes the decrease in the number density of droplets diverging from the nozzle due to evaporation, condensation or other processes of the droplets. S k is the disappearance rate coefficient, n kis the droplet generation number density of the nozzle k; According to the population balance model, when the nozzles are arranged in a staggered pattern, the flow velocity u is affected by the jet interference of adjacent nozzles. It is necessary to optimize the nozzle layout to reduce the interference. According to the definition of the flow interference factor, the interference intensity is quantified by parameters such as the nozzle spacing and the flow velocity u; the collision rate coefficient β ij is related to the nozzle spacing and the flow velocity, and thus affects the variance of the particle size distribution; optimizing the nozzle layout to reduce the collision rate coefficient or adjusting the flow velocity can reduce the variance and improve the uniformity; the loss rate can be balanced with the droplet generation rate by adjusting the spraying frequency of the nozzles; According to the above analysis, it is necessary to consider three control variables, namely the nozzle position, the spraying velocity, and the spraying frequency, when constructing the optimization equation. Since the droplet size cannot be accurately and uniformly quantified, it is necessary to simulate the droplet distribution through the population balance model and count the number density of the droplets, and estimate the particle size variance through the number density; Combined with the objective function of minimizing the flow field interference factor, a multi-objective optimization framework is formed: ; The first item of the multi-objective optimization is to minimize the flow field interference between the nozzles to reduce the mutual influence between the nozzles, thereby improving the spraying effect; the second item aims to minimize the variance of the droplet size distribution to achieve a more uniform droplet distribution and improve the uniformity and effect of spraying; among them, Var(d) represents the variance of the droplet size distribution of the divergent nozzles, and the smaller the variance, the more uniform the droplet size distribution; α is the weight coefficient, and the relative importance of the first item and the second item is balanced by adjusting the value; Finally, the multi-objective optimization framework is optimized through the genetic algorithm and by setting the minimum nozzle spacing and the maximum flow velocity to obtain the optimal nozzle position and nozzle angle. The nozzles used in the spray temperature and humidity control unit have an aperture range of 50 - 150 μm, and are installed in a staggered pattern along the gas flow direction, with a stagger angle of 5° - 15°. The nozzle spacing satisfies the formula , where D is the spray diameter of a single nozzle. The switch frequency of a single nozzle is reduced by turning on the nozzles in stages, and the nozzles are driven by industrial-grade piezoelectric ceramics.

[0031] Specifically, the back pressure valve works in coordination with the air compressor, and stabilizes the air pressure and flow rate by adjusting the opening degree; the opening degree of the back pressure valve is precisely adjusted by a PID controller; the PID controller receives the current signal and the target pressure, calculates the control quantity and outputs it to the back pressure valve, thereby adjusting its basic opening value to achieve the set pressure.

[0032] Specifically, the precise adjustment method is implemented by combining closed-loop PID feedback control and air compressor speed feedforward compensation: Read the stack outlet pressure sensor data in real time to obtain the current air pressure, obtain the air compressor speed, and set the target pressure according to the air supply system requirements; calculate the pressure error through PID closed-loop control: , Where, e(t) is the pressure error, P target is the target pressure, P current is the current air pressure; Calculate the closed-loop control quantity according to the PID formula: , Among them, u PID (t) is the closed-loop control quantity, K p , T i , T d These are the proportional coefficient, integral time constant and differential time constant calibrated according to the actual working conditions of the fuel cell stack.

[0033] The final opening of the back pressure valve is the superposition of the PID output and the feedforward compensation. The linear compensation model is used to calculate the feedforward compensation term: , , Among them, K f is the feedforward gain coefficient, u feedforward is the feedforward compensation term, N compressor is the air compressor speed; u final is the final opening of the back pressure valve; An opening instruction is generated according to the final opening of the back pressure valve, and the opening instruction is converted into a driving signal of the back pressure valve.

[0034] In this embodiment, the air supply system is relied upon to provide oxygen to the cathode, and the back-pressure valve plays a key role in this. It works in conjunction with the air compressor to stabilize the air pressure and flow by adjusting the opening to ensure that the fuel cell stack obtains an appropriate oxygen supply; the opening of the back-pressure valve can be precisely adjusted by a PID controller. The PID controller receives input signals (current signals and target pressure), calculates the control quantity and outputs it to the back-pressure valve, thereby adjusting its basic opening value to achieve the set pressure. The core of the back-pressure valve maintaining the stability of the stack pressure through electromechanical coordinated control is to combine closed-loop PID feedback control with air compressor speed feedforward compensation; The specific implementation process is: Real-time reading of the stack outlet pressure sensor data P current ; Get the air compressor speed N compressor ; According to the target pressure P target and the current pressure P current Calculate the error e(t); calculate the PID control quantity u PID; Calculate the feedforward compensation u according to the air compressor speed feedforward ; Comprehensively generate back pressure valve opening instruction u final ; will u final Converted into a driving signal for the back pressure valve.

[0035] Specifically, the multi-mode temperature regulation of the active temperature-controlled water tank integrates a heater and a refrigeration module in the water tank, including a circulating heating mode and a dynamic compensation mode; the water flow of the water tank is adjusted by a variable frequency water pump, which is linked to the spray volume demand; the temperature after mixing needs to be set to a calibration value to meet the dynamic balance, and the mathematical model calculation formula of the dynamic balance is: , Among them, T mix is the temperature after mixing, C air is the specific heat capacity of the inflowing air, C spray is the specific heat capacity of the spray liquid, T z is the intercooler temperature, T w is the water tank temperature, m air is the inflow air mass flow rate, m spray is the mass flow rate of spray liquid.

[0036] In this embodiment, the outlet temperature is controlled within a suitable temperature range by adjusting the cooling water flow rate of the intercooler (fixed threshold). When fine-tuning is performed based on the above adjustment, the spray volume and the water tank temperature are dynamically adjusted based on the set value of the inlet temperature. For example: if T mix If T is greater than the set value of the inlet temperature, increase the spray volume or lower the water tank temperature; mix If the temperature is less than the lower limit of the temperature control range, reduce the spray volume or increase the water tank temperature.

[0037] Specifically, the spray temperature and humidity control unit is installed in parallel with the intercooler, and a pulse damper is arranged between the gear high-pressure water pump and the spray temperature and humidity control unit to eliminate pressure fluctuations; a water quality sensor is arranged between the water separator and the active temperature control water tank to monitor the conductivity, temperature and particulate matter concentration of liquid water in real time, and feed back to the fuel cell control system to trigger deionizer regeneration or water tank drainage.

[0038] In this embodiment, the intercooler is considered as a mechanical heat exchange device, which exchanges heat with high-temperature compressed air through a cooling medium (such as deionized water), but its flow regulation is limited by the overall cooling requirements of the system. Since the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack needs to be stable at around 80°C, and the outlet temperature of the intercooler needs to match the stack temperature, it is difficult for traditional solutions to achieve dynamic temperature control by adjusting the water flow; in the traditional dual PID control strategy, there is a strong coupling relationship between the coolant flow and the heat dissipation air flow, which makes parameter setting difficult, the response speed is slow, and it is difficult to cope with temperature fluctuations under complex working conditions. In addition, the risk of coolant particle blockage (multi-stage filtration is required) further limits the flexibility of flow regulation; mainstream ethylene glycol coolants have irreversible contamination of proton exchange membranes, and traditional liquid cooling systems are prone to short-circuit risks due to leakage during dynamic regulation (especially in limited spaces); therefore, a functional decoupling design was carried out in the parallel architecture of the spray temperature and humidity control unit and the intercooler. The intercooler focuses on basic heat exchange (passively reducing the air temperature to 80-100°C), while the spray unit actively adjusts the temperature and flow of the spray liquid, and achieves precise control of the inlet temperature after mixing with the intercooler outlet air. The parallel connection of the two avoids direct intervention in the intercooler water flow and reduces the risk of particle blockage.

[0039] Specifically, the deionizer is arranged on the pipeline between the outlet of the active temperature-controlled water storage tank and the gear high-pressure water pump, adsorbs soluble ions in liquid water through ion exchange resin, and is equipped with a multi-stage filter screen to intercept impurities.

[0040] Specifically, the regeneration triggering conditions of the deionizer include: the water quality sensor detects that the liquid water conductivity exceeds the set threshold and the particle concentration reaches the preset limit; the regeneration process is achieved by backwashing the ion exchange resin and replacing the multi-stage filter screen.

[0041] Specifically, the water flow of the intercooler is fixed, and the inlet of the intercooler is connected to the branch pipeline of the air compressor outlet; the inlet of the spray temperature and humidity control unit is directly connected to the high-temperature gas pipeline of the air compressor outlet; a pulse damper is provided between the gear high-pressure water pump and the spray temperature and humidity control unit to eliminate pressure fluctuations.

[0042] The computer storage medium of the embodiment of the present invention may adopt any combination of one or more computer-readable media. The computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device or device, or any combination of the above. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above. In this document, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that may be used by or in combination with an instruction execution system, device or device.

[0043] Computer-readable signal media may include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carry computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take a variety of forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination of the above. Computer-readable signal media may also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which may send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0044] The program code included on the computer readable medium can be transmitted with any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, electric wire, optical cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the above. The computer program code for performing the operation of the present invention can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or their combinations, and the programming language includes object-oriented programming languages-such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and also includes conventional procedural programming languages-such as "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed completely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as an independent software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on the remote computer, or completely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computer (for example, using an Internet service provider to connect through the Internet).

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell multi-nozzle atomization active temperature and humidity control method, characterized in that: include: Obtain the basic physical parameters of the spray temperature and humidity control unit, and perform staggered distribution control on the nozzle of the spray temperature and humidity control unit according to the basic physical parameters to obtain nozzle position and angle data; perform staggered installation on the nozzle according to the position and angle data; perform periodic control on the nozzle of the spray temperature and humidity control unit according to the time-sharing control logic; the nozzle controls the temperature and humidity of the compressed gas entering the spray temperature and humidity control unit by spraying; the spray volume of the nozzle is linked to the multi-mode temperature regulation of the active temperature control water tank; The compressed gas enters the fuel cell stack for chemical reaction after being processed by the spray temperature and humidity control unit; the current air pressure data is obtained through a pressure sensor at the outlet of the fuel cell stack, the target pressure is set according to the requirements of the air supply system, and the gas pressure at the outlet of the fuel cell stack is adjusted by dynamically adjusting the opening of the back pressure valve according to the current air pressure data and the target pressure; After the stack reaction is completed, the gas is regulated by the back pressure valve and enters the water separator to separate liquid water and gas. The water separator is connected to the active temperature control water tank. A deionizer is set at the outlet of the active temperature control water tank to adsorb ions and filter impurities.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The spray temperature and humidity control unit is intermittently turned on or turned on in combination through a time-sharing control logic. The time-sharing control logic performs atomization, humidification and temperature adjustment on the compressed gas through staggered nozzles. The staggered nozzles are staggered along the gas flow direction. The positions and angles of the staggered nozzles are obtained by optimizing the group balance model, specifically including: By adopting staggered distribution to change the jet direction and introduce flow field interference factors, the nozzle arrangement and control logic are further optimized by combining the group balance model with the flow field interference factor optimization method; the group balance model forms a multi-objective optimization framework based on the evolution of droplet size distribution with space and time, combined with the flow field interference factor minimization objective function: ， Where d is the average diameter of the nozzle droplets, x i Indicates the nozzle position, θ i Indicates the nozzle angle, i and j are the nozzle counts; The multi-objective optimization framework is optimized by a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal nozzle position and nozzle angle.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The time-sharing control logic sets each nozzle to open and close periodically at preset time intervals.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back pressure valve works in conjunction with the air compressor to stabilize the air pressure and flow by adjusting the opening; the opening of the back pressure valve is accurately adjusted by a PID controller; the PID controller receives the current signal and the target pressure, calculates the control amount and outputs it to the back pressure valve, and adjusts the basic opening value of the back pressure valve to achieve the set pressure.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The precise adjustment method is implemented by combining closed-loop PID feedback control with compressor speed feedforward compensation: Read the stack outlet pressure sensor data in real time to obtain the current air pressure, obtain the air compressor speed, and set the target pressure according to the air supply system requirements; calculate the pressure error through PID closed-loop control: ， Where, e(t) is the pressure error, P target is the target pressure, P current is the current air pressure; Calculate the closed-loop control quantity according to the PID formula: ， Among them, u PID (t) is the closed-loop control quantity, K p , T i , T d The proportional coefficient, integral time constant and differential time constant calibrated by the actual working condition of the fuel cell stack; The final opening of the back pressure valve is the superposition of the PID output and the feedforward compensation. The linear compensation model is used to calculate the feedforward compensation term: ， ， Among them, K f is the feedforward gain coefficient, u feedforward is the feedforward compensation term, N compressor is the air compressor speed; u final is the final opening of the back pressure valve; An opening instruction is generated according to the final opening of the back pressure valve, and the opening instruction is converted into a driving signal of the back pressure valve.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The multi-mode temperature regulation of the active temperature-controlled water tank integrates a heater and a refrigeration module in the water tank, including a circulating heating mode and a dynamic compensation mode; the water flow of the water tank is regulated by a variable frequency water pump, which is linked to the spray volume demand; the temperature after mixing needs to be set to a calibration value to meet the dynamic balance, and the mathematical model calculation formula of the dynamic balance is: ， Among them, T mix is the temperature after mixing, C air is the specific heat capacity of the inflowing air, C spray is the specific heat capacity of the spray liquid, T z is the intercooler temperature, T w is the water tank temperature, m air is the inflow air mass flow rate, m spray is the mass flow rate of spray liquid.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The spray temperature and humidity control unit is installed in parallel with the intercooler, and a pulse damper is arranged between the gear high-pressure water pump and the spray temperature and humidity control unit to eliminate pressure fluctuations; a water quality sensor is arranged between the water separator and the active temperature control water tank to monitor the conductivity, temperature and particle concentration of liquid water in real time, and feed back to the fuel cell control system to trigger deionizer regeneration or water tank drainage.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The deionizer is arranged on the pipeline between the outlet of the active temperature-controlled water storage tank and the gear high-pressure water pump, adsorbs soluble ions in liquid water through ion exchange resin, and is equipped with a multi-stage filter screen to intercept impurities.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The regeneration triggering conditions of the deionizer include: the water quality sensor detects that the liquid water conductivity exceeds the set threshold and the particle concentration reaches the preset limit; the regeneration process is achieved by backwashing the ion exchange resin and replacing the multi-stage filter screen.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The water flow of the intercooler is fixed, and the inlet of the intercooler is connected to the branch pipeline of the air compressor outlet; the inlet of the spray temperature and humidity control unit is directly connected to the high-temperature gas pipeline of the air compressor outlet; a pulse damper is provided between the gear high-pressure water pump and the spray temperature and humidity control unit to eliminate pressure fluctuations.

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