Rice seedling raising method and rice-wheat double-cropping crop rotation planting method

Abstract

The invention provides a rice seedling raising method and a rice-wheat double cropping rotation planting method, and relates to the technical field of rice planting. The method comprises the following steps: preparation of seedling raising soil, preparation of seedling plates, seed dressing with pharmaceuticals, efficient grain falling, chemical-control-free management of a rice seedling bed and prevention and control of diseases and pests. Any fertilizer or a compound containing nutritional ingredients is not applied in the seedling raising soil, and any seedling strengthening agent containing chemical control ingredients or other dwarfing products are also not used in the seedling raising soil; no base fertilizer is applied in the preparation process of the seedling plate; the non-chemical-control management of the rice seedling bed comprises the step of controlling the growth of rice by adopting water and fertilizer management. The requirement that seedlings growing normally can be planted in different time periods of large-scale planting is met; the seedling raising cost is reduced, manpower and mechanical investment is reduced, the seedling height and growth rate are adjustable, the large-scale planting and transplanting requirements are met, and meanwhile the problems that late-maturing machine-transplanted rice is insufficient in grouting in the later period of low temperature and cold damage and the yield is reduced can be solved through early sowing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and in particular relates to a rice seedling raising method and a rice-wheat double-cropping rotation planting method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, hybrid rice machine transplanting technology has gradually matured, replacing traditional broadcasting and hand planting methods. The key to high-yield hybrid rice transplanting lies in cultivating standardized, strong seedlings. By combining strong seedling cultivation with high-quality mechanical transplanting and scientific field management, high-quality rice yields can be achieved.

[0003] With the changes in the rice production situation, especially the expansion of large-scale planting areas and the narrowing of planting profit margins, more and more large-scale growers are choosing machine-transplanted late-maturing high-yield and high-quality rice to achieve the comprehensive goal of increasing yield and efficiency. They also prefer simple and safe seedling cultivation methods to meet the needs of saving costs and increasing efficiency.

[0004] Under large-scale planting conditions, the current large-scale machine-transplanted seedling and medium-to-large seedling raising methods have the following shortcomings: (1) High seedling raising costs. Regardless of whether it is a small seedling or medium-to-large seedling raising method, continuous nutrition for seedling growth is provided by fertilizing the seedling raising soil (or substrate instead). The usual practice of fertilizing the seedling raising soil is to spread fertilizer on the surface of the field in advance, grind and sieve the soil, and then mix it with special fertilizer for seedling raising or seedling strengthening agent, and then apply base fertilizer when tidying the seedling bed; the cultivation of medium-to-large seedlings requires increasing the fertilization efforts on the basis of the above steps, and applying fertilizer several times to promote growth after the seedlings have 2 to 3 leaves, and at the same time, chemical control is carried out in stages according to the seedling conditions. The above operations require a lot of manual or mechanical work, and are supplemented by a large amount of physical and chemical product inputs. The procedures are cumbersome and the cost is high. Although the substrate has been widely used, its seedling raising cost is higher than that of traditional nutrient soil. In addition, its fertilizer retention effect is poor, making it difficult to provide continuous nutrition for the cultivation of medium-to-large seedlings; (2) High safety risks. This is manifested in two aspects. Since many farmers are not proficient in the fertilization and chemical control techniques during seedling cultivation, there are often cases of seedlings being burned due to excessive fertilization or seedlings being unable to be transplanted due to improper chemical control. In addition, compared with the seedling-casting and hand-planting methods, the machine transplanting method shortens the entire growth period of rice to a certain extent. For example, the late-maturing rice varieties are more susceptible to the "Cold Dew Wind" in the later stages of machine transplanting of small seedlings, resulting in reduced yields. For example, the Huaibei region is an advantageous area in the northern edge of hybrid rice. In recent years, the area of ​​machine-transplanted hybrid rice has increased rapidly. However, it often encounters the problem of insufficient filling of machine-transplanted seedlings in the later stages due to low temperatures. This not only reduces rice yields, but also significantly delays the sowing date of wheat due to the late rice harvest. The "double delay" leads to low annual yields of rice and wheat. The same problem also occurs with machine-transplanted late-maturing japonica rice. (3) The technical difficulty is high. As large-scale rice cultivation expands, the time span for machine-transplanted rice planting becomes longer. Simultaneously, more fertilizer is applied to the seedling soil and nursery beds, and multiple topdressings are applied during the seedling stage. This creates conditions for the seedlings to age excessively, leading to poor quality. Over-aged seedlings have low survival rates and ultimately low yields, and sometimes even no seedlings can be planted. If a "staged" seedling raising method is adopted, late planting shortens the rice's entire growth period, also posing a risk of maturity. If the same sowing date or early sowing is used, most large-scale farmers still struggle to master topdressing and chemical control techniques. Improper operation can easily lead to seedling failures and losses. For large-scale farmers, it is difficult to scientifically plan the seedling raising process, easily and safely control seedling growth and transplanting progress, and fully tap the rice yield potential. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a rice seedling raising method suitable for large-scale planting of late-maturing rice. This method meets the need for having normally grown seedlings ready for planting at different planting times under large-scale planting conditions. The method simplifies the process of raising rice seedlings using machine transplanting, making it easier for large-scale farmers to operate. It can ensure the safe maturation of late-maturing rice, achieve high and stable rice yields, and increase the income of large-scale farmers.

[0006] The second object of the present invention is to provide a rice-wheat double-cropping rotation planting method, which can raise seedlings early, promote the normal maturity of late-maturing machine-transplanted rice, and ultimately obtain higher yields and planting benefits. It can also clear the stubble early, creating conditions for achieving year-round high yields.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a rice seedling raising method, comprising the following steps: preparing seedling raising soil, preparing seedling boards, dressing seeds with pesticides, efficiently dropping rice, managing the seedling field without chemical control, and preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests;

[0009] No nutrient-containing compounds are applied to the seedling raising soil, including fertilizers, and no seedling-strengthening agents or other dwarfing products containing chemical control ingredients are used;

[0010] No base fertilizer is applied during the preparation of the seedling board;

[0011] The non-chemical control management of the rice paddy includes controlling rice growth by water management, applying urea containing 45% to 48% nitrogen once 5 to 10 days before transplanting the rice seedlings, and the amount of urea used is 6.0 to 10 kg per mu;

[0012] The water management and rice growth control steps include: after transplanting the seedlings, performing dry management on the remaining untransplanted seedlings, and applying running water in time if the soil in the seedling tray loses water and cracks or the seedlings have curled leaves.

[0013] Preferably, the preparation of the seedling soil comprises taking the top 2-3 cm of soil from the field after deep plowing, and adding 3-5 m3 of soil per mu of seedling field. 3 Prepare seedling soil, the amount of soil taken at one time can meet the use for 2 to 3 years; use a seedling soil crusher to crush the soil, and the diameter of the crushed soil particles is 4 to 9 mm; the seedling soil material is only soil; the seedling soil is used to include seedling bottom soil and seedling cover soil.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation of the seedling raising soil also includes piling the crushed soil into a 100-150 cm high pile, and covering it with a black mulch film one month before raising the seedlings, and keeping the pile sealed for later use.

[0015] Preferably, the seed dressing with the agent comprises mixing 60g of 4% fluazifop-thiophanate-methyl suspension seed coating agent with 140g of water per 10kg of dry rice seeds, mixing well with a seed mixer, and air-drying for later use.

[0016] Preferably, the rice dropping includes sowing 10 to 15 days earlier than the local conventional rice seedling raising; the late-maturing rice is selected from one or more of conventional japonica rice, hybrid indica rice and indica-japonica hybrid rice; the sowing amount of conventional japonica rice is 110 to 130 g / tray, the sowing amount of hybrid rice is 60 to 80 g / tray, and the sown rice is dry seeds.

[0017] Preferably, the efficient grain drop also includes exposing the sown seedling trays to the sun for 2 to 3 hours and then covering them with non-woven fabric; installing a sprinkler irrigation device in the seedling field to manage water slurry, and the water slurry management includes sprinkler irrigation to soak the water layer 1 to 2 cm above the tray surface for 24 to 30 hours, waiting for the water to dry naturally, and then applying running water to flood the tray surface after 1 to 2 days.

[0018] Preferably, pest and disease control is performed twice during the rice seedling raising process; the first pest and disease control is performed at the one-leaf, one-heart stage of the rice seedlings by spraying 20 kg of pharmaceutical composition A diluted with water per mu; the pharmaceutical composition A comprises 50-100 g of 30% oxazolidinone-methyl solution, 10-20 g of 80% pymetrozine-pyrimidine water dispersible granules, and 140-160 g of 70% propineb wettable powder per mu. The second pest and disease control is performed three days before transplanting the rice seedlings by spraying 30 kg of pharmaceutical composition B diluted with water; the pharmaceutical composition B comprises 30-40 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension concentrate, 20-30 mL of 10% triflumuron suspension concentrate, 40-60 mL of 24% thiophanate-methyl suspension concentrate, and 100-150 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension concentrate per mu.

[0019] Preferably, the method is suitable for large-scale planting of late-maturing rice; the large-scale planting refers to a business entity planting 33.3hm 2 For the above land, the operating entity is an individual or a family.

[0020] The present invention also provides a rice-wheat double-cropping rotation planting method, comprising the following steps: adopting the above-mentioned rice seedling raising method to cultivate rice seedlings, after wheat is harvested, machine-transplanting the rice seedlings, and conventionally managing them until harvest.

[0021] Preferably, after cultivating the rice seedlings and before machine transplanting, the rice seedlings are prepared according to a ratio of 1:110 to 130 for hybrid rice seedlings or 1:80 to 100 for conventional rice seedlings.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention provides a method for raising rice seedlings by machine transplanting. During use, the cost of raising rice seedlings is reduced, the input of manpower and machinery is reduced, and the height and growth rate of the rice seedlings can be controlled. This not only meets the needs of large-scale planting and transplanting, but also solves the problem of insufficient filling and yield reduction caused by low temperature and chilling damage in the later stage of late-maturing machine-transplanted rice. The method has a high safety factor for raising rice seedlings, improves yield, saves costs and increases efficiency, and is simple and easy to promote and apply. The present invention uses one-time rice seedling dropping, staged fertilizer adjustment, and full water control to achieve the comprehensive goals of high yield, high quality, and high efficiency of machine-transplanted rice in large-scale planting. Compared with current techniques for raising rice seedlings for large areas and medium and large seedlings for small areas, this method does not fertilize the rice seedling soil and the seedling bed, but only applies moderate topdressing during the seedling stage. This can prevent the phenomenon of "burning seedlings" caused by uneven fertilizer mixing when preparing nutrient soil, and can also prevent the quality of rice seedlings from declining due to excessive growth and "overage". By improving the "microclimate" for rice seedling growth in the seedling tray, the growth rate of rice seedlings is reduced, and the safety factor of rice seedling raising is significantly improved. Compared with conventional seedling raising methods, this method is more conducive to the late growth of late-maturing rice to avoid low temperature and cold damage, and ensure high and stable rice yields; compared with medium and large seedling raising, it reduces the operating procedures and does not require the application of any chemical control products. In comprehensive comparison, the nitrogen fertilizer consumption of the whole seedling raising process of the present invention is reduced by 65.47% to 76.32% compared with the other three methods, and the number of workers per mu of seedling field is reduced by 2 to 3. Under large-scale planting conditions, the rice yield of late-maturing machine-transplanted hybrid rice or conventional japonica rice using this seedling raising method is higher than that of small seedling raising. Similarly, under the conditions of transplanting at the right time, the yield is slightly lower than that of medium and large seedlings, but the average yield is 8.54% to 15.69% higher than that of the other three seedling raising methods, and the final cost savings and income increase are 159.07 to 258.85 yuan per mu. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The invention provides a rice seedling raising method, comprising the following steps: preparing seedling raising soil, preparing seedling plates, dressing seeds with pesticides, dropping rice, and chemical-free management of the seedling field and pest and disease control; no nutrient-containing compounds are applied to the seedling raising soil, the nutrient-containing compounds including fertilizers, and no seedling-strengthening agents or other dwarfing products containing chemical control ingredients are used; no base fertilizer is applied during the seedling plate preparation process; the chemical-free management of the seedling field comprises adopting water management to control rice growth, and applying urea containing 45% to 48% nitrogen once 5 to 10 days before transplanting the seedlings, with the amount of urea being 6.0 to 10 kg per mu; the water management step of controlling rice growth comprises: after transplanting the seedlings, performing dry management on the remaining untransplanted seedlings, and applying water in a timely manner if the seedling raising plate soil loses water and cracks or the seedlings have curled leaves; the method is suitable for large-scale planting of late-maturing rice; large-scale planting refers to a business entity planting 33.3hm2 2 For the above land, the operating entity is an individual or a family.

[0025] In the present invention, the seedling soil is only soil and does not contain any other matrix and nutrients. As an implementation method, the seedling soil preparation includes taking the top 2-3 cm of soil from the field after deep plowing, and adding 3-5 m3 of soil per mu of seedling field. 3 Prepare the soil for raising seedlings. The amount of soil taken at one time can be used for 2 to 3 years. Use a seedling soil crusher to crush the soil. The diameter of the crushed soil particles is 4 to 9 mm. The seedling soil material is only soil. The seedling soil is used to include seedling bottom soil and seed cover soil. The seedling soil preparation also includes piling the crushed soil into a 100 to 150 cm high pile. One month before raising the seedlings, seal it with black mulch and keep it in a pile for later use. In the present invention, the purpose of covering the seedling soil with black mulch is to sterilize the seedling soil with high temperature after sun exposure, and kill pests and weeds in the seedling soil.

[0026] In the present invention, the seedling board should meet the requirements of being "smooth, flat, and straight," that is, there should be no straw or other debris on the surface of the seedling board, the height difference of the same seedling board should be less than 1 cm, and the height difference between the seedling boards should be less than 2 cm. The seedling board should be oriented in an east-west or north-south direction according to actual production conditions; as an implementation method, the seedling board should be oriented in a north-south direction. After the seedling soil is taken from the above-mentioned seedling field, the seedling field is rotary plowed once; preferably, furrows are dug according to a width of 1.3 to 1.5 m, with a width of 25 to 35 cm and a depth of 20 to 30 cm; more preferably, furrows are dug according to a width of 1.4 m, with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 25 cm; the furrows are oriented in a straight direction; after furrowing, straw and other debris on the bed surface are manually picked up. When the bed surface is dry, a pressing machine is used to flatten it, and the bed surface is manually leveled according to the above-mentioned height difference requirements. In the present invention, not applying fertilizer to the seedling raising soil and the seedling bed can prevent the "burning of seedlings" caused by uneven mixing of fertilizers when preparing the nutrient soil, and can also prevent the seedlings from growing too fast due to "overage".

[0027] In the present invention, the seed dressing agent is used to control rice seedling disease, rice damping-off disease, seedbed thrips, and rice bacterial leaf streak; it also promotes root growth and seedling growth. In one embodiment, the seed dressing agent is applied to dry rice seeds using a 4% fluazifop-thiophanate-methyl suspension seed coating agent. Preferably, for every 10 kg of dry rice seeds, 60 g of the 4% fluazifop-thiophanate-methyl suspension seed coating agent is mixed with 140 g of water, stirred, mixed thoroughly using a seed mixer, and air-dried for later use.

[0028] In the present invention, the rice dropping process mainly includes sowing, placing the rice seedlings on the tray, covering the rice seedlings with non-woven fabrics and watering. The rice dropping process is efficient, and the efficient rice dropping uses a self-propelled rice seedling sowing and placing tray machine to sow the rice seeds mixed with the pesticide; the work of filling the bottom soil, sowing, covering the soil, sweeping and placing the rice seedlings is completed at one time. As an implementable method, the rice dropping process includes sowing 10 to 15 days earlier than the local conventional rice seedling sowing time; the late-maturing rice is selected from one or more of conventional japonica rice, hybrid indica rice and indica-japonica hybrid rice; the sowing amount of conventional japonica rice is 110 to 130 g / tray, the sowing amount of hybrid rice is 60 to 80 g / tray, and the sown rice is dry seed. Preferably, the bottom soil is filled at the bottom of the seedling tray with soil, and the soil thickness is 2 to 3 cm; after sowing, the soil is covered with soil, and the soil thickness is 1 to 1.5 cm. After sowing is completed, the soil is swept and leveled. After leveling, the seeded seedling tray is exposed to the sun for 2 to 3 hours to kill the weeds in the soil on the tray, and then covered with non-woven fabric. In the present invention, a sprinkler device is installed in the rice paddy to perform water slurry management after sowing. The water slurry management includes spraying a water layer of 1 to 2 cm above the tray surface 1 to 5 days after sowing with the sprinkler device, soaking for 24 to 30 hours, waiting for the water to dry naturally, and then applying running water to flood the tray surface after 1 to 2 days. Preferably, the soaking time is 28 hours, waiting for the water to dry naturally, and then applying running water to flood the tray surface after 1 day.

[0029] In the present invention, chemical-free rice paddy management refers to managing the rice paddies without any nutrient source in the seedling soil and seedling trays, and controlling the height and growth rate of the seedlings through water control. As one possible implementation method, chemical-free rice paddy management includes removing the non-woven fabric once the seedlings have one leaf and one heart, and ventilating and hardening the seedlings. This invention improves the "microclimate" of rice seedling growth in the seedling trays through water and fertilizer control, reducing the seedling growth rate and significantly improving the safety factor of rice seedling cultivation.

[0030] In the present invention, pest control is performed twice during the rice seedling raising process. As an implementation method, the first pest control is performed at the one-leaf, one-heart stage of the rice seedlings: the pharmaceutical composition A is mixed and then sprayed with 20 kg of water per mu. The pharmaceutical composition A for the first pest control is preferably composed of 50-100 g of 30% oxazolidinone-methyl soluble solution, 10-20 g of 80% oxazolidinone-pymetrozine water dispersible granules, and 140-160 g of 70% propineb wettable powder per mu; more preferably, it is composed of 50-70 g of 30% oxazolidinone-methyl soluble solution, 10-15 g of 80% oxazolidinone-pymetrozine water dispersible granules, and 140-145 g of 70% propineb wettable powder. The goal of the first pest control in the present invention is to prevent pests and diseases such as rice seedling damping-off, rice seedling blast, and rice thrips. As an implementation method, the second pest control is carried out three days before transplanting the seedlings by spraying the pharmaceutical composition B mixed with 30 kg of water. The pharmaceutical composition B is preferably composed of 30-40 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 20-30 mL of 10% trifluanid suspension, 40-60 mL of 24% thiophanate suspension, and 100-150 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension per mu; more preferably, it is composed of 30-35 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 25-30 mL of 10% trifluanid suspension, 40-50 mL of 24% thiophanate suspension, and 100-110 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension. The second pest control target of the present invention is to prevent field-grade sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, rice leaf roller, and other pests and diseases.

[0031] The present invention also provides a rice-wheat rotation planting method, wherein rice seedlings are grown using the aforementioned seedling raising method. After wheat is harvested, the rice seedlings are machine-transplanted and maintained conventionally until harvest. The rice seedling raising time is 10 to 15 days earlier than conventional seedling raising. As an exemplary embodiment, the hybrid rice is selected from the japonica rice Yongyou 2640 or the indica rice Quanliangyou 1606; and the conventional rice is Nanjing 9108. When applying the pesticide to the seeds, the rice seeds are preferably prepared at a sowing rate of 120g / tray for Nanjing 9108 and / or 70g / tray for Yongyou 2640; and the rice seeds are prepared at a sowing rate of 70g / tray for indica rice Quanliangyou 1606. As an alternative embodiment, the rice seedlings are prepared at a ratio of 1:110-130 for hybrid rice or 1:80-100 for conventional rice. Preferably, the rice seedlings are prepared at a hybrid rice seedling ratio of 1:110-130 and / or a conventional rice seedling ratio of 1:80-100. As an exemplary embodiment, the rice seedlings are prepared at a ratio of 1:85 for Nanjing 9108, 1:125 for Yongyou 2640, and 1:125 for Quanliangyou 1606. In the present invention, since the drug composition is sprayed three days before transplanting during seedling cultivation, the rice seedlings are transplanted with the drug during machine transplanting to prevent the occurrence of field pests and diseases; the field pests and diseases include sheath blight, false smut, rice blast, and rice leaf roller.

[0032] The rice seedling raising method of the present invention is preferably used for large-scale machine-transplanted rice in Huaibei area, and can be used as a reference for implementation in other rice-growing areas with similar production conditions and ecological environments.

[0033] In the present invention, the seedling ratio refers to the ratio of the seedling field to the field. The seedling covering soil refers to the soil covered after sowing. The conventional seedling raising time in Huaibei area is generally selected in mid-to-late May.

[0034] The rice seedling raising method provided by the present invention can meet the practical needs of large-scale planting, reduce the steps of rice seedling raising and fertilizing, improve the safety factor of rice seedling raising, reduce the labor and material input of rice seedling raising, and is simple and easy to operate. According to the harvest time of the previous wheat crop in the field and the land preparation conditions, the growth of rice seedlings can be regulated by fertilizer and water as needed; by controlling water and adjusting fertilizer, the risk of "over-age" causing a rapid decline in the quality of rice seedlings or even the lack of rice seedlings to be planted is avoided. This meets the demand for large-scale planting to have normally grown rice seedlings available for planting at different times. The maximum rice seedling age can reach 50 days.

[0035] The planting method provided by the present invention is a rice-wheat double-cropping rotation planting method, which mainly involves the rice planting part. In the present invention, rice is rotated after the previous wheat is harvested. Under large-scale planting conditions, seedlings are first cultivated. After the wheat is harvested, late-maturing hybrid rice or conventional japonica rice seedlings are machine-transplanted and conventional management is carried out until harvest. With the above-mentioned seedling raising method, the growth rate of the seedlings can be regulated by fertilizer and water. If transplanting is required at an appropriate time, seedlings of a suitable area are selected according to the area of ​​field to be transplanted at an appropriate time, and they are fertilized in advance to promote growth. The present invention can raise seedlings early to promote the normal maturity of late-maturing machine-transplanted rice, ultimately obtaining higher yields and planting benefits, and can clear the stubble early, creating conditions for achieving year-round high yields.

[0036] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the machine-transplanted rice seedling raising method and the machine-transplanted rice planting method provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The test materials used in the present invention and their sources include:

[0038] Hybrid indica rice Quanliangyou 1606 was purchased from Anhui Quanyin High-Tech Seed Co., Ltd.;

[0039] The late-maturing medium-grain japonica rice variety Nanjing 9108 was purchased from Jiangsu Gaoke Seed Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0040] Hybrid japonica rice Yongyou 2640 was purchased from Ningbo Yongyou Seed Co., Ltd.

[0041] 4% fluazifop-thiophanate-methyl suspension seed coating agent was purchased from Shaanxi Xida Huate Technology Industry Co., Ltd.;

[0042] 30% hydroxyproline-methyl soluble solution was purchased from Zhejiang Heben Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0043] 80% pyrimidine·pymetrozine water dispersible granules were purchased from Lianyungang Liben Crop Science and Technology Co., Ltd.

[0044] 70% propineb wettable powder, purchased from Bayer AG;

[0045] 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension concentrate was purchased from Zhejiang Tianfeng Biological Science Co., Ltd.;

[0046] 10% trifluoperazine suspension concentrate was purchased from Corteva Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0047] 24% thiofluzamide suspension concentrate was purchased from Corteva Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0048] 40% tricyclazole suspension concentrate, purchased from Zhejiang Heben Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0049] “Jiewei” rice seedling strengthening agent was purchased from Wuxi Fangqian Jiewei Rice Seedling Strengthening Agent Co., Ltd.

[0050] The test methods described in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0051] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0052] In the following examples, the experimental method primarily involves the rice planting component of a rice-wheat rotation system. In large-scale cropping, late-maturing hybrid rice or conventional japonica rice seedlings were machine-transplanted after the previous wheat crop was harvested. The seedlings were first grown, then machine-transplanted after the wheat was harvested and maintained as usual until harvest.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] The experiment was carried out at Wei Yulin Family Farm in Liulaozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E), with a planting area of ​​80hm 2 The farm has one rice transplanter and two land preparation machines. The main work is done by the family independently. The steps are as follows:

[0055] (1) Preparation of seedling soil: On November 25, 2021, the selected seedling field was plowed to a depth of 19.3 cm; on March 18, 2022, the plowed seedling field soil was deeply rotated once; the top 2-3 cm soil of the field after deep plowing was taken and the soil was 3-5 m3 / mu of seedling field. 3 Prepare seedling soil, using a volume sufficient for 2-3 years of use; crush the soil using a seedling crusher to a size of 4-9 mm in diameter; pile the crushed soil into a 100-150 cm high pile, cover the surface with thickened black mulch, and keep the soil in a heap for later use; do not apply any fertilizers or nutrient-containing compounds during the entire seedling soil preparation process, and do not use any seedling growth enhancers or other dwarfing products containing chemical control ingredients;

[0056] (2) Preparation of seedling boards: On April 15, 2022, after the seedling soil was taken from the above-mentioned seedling fields, the seedling fields were rotary plowed and furrows were opened with a width of 1.4 m. The furrows were about 30 cm wide and 25 cm deep, and ran straight from north to south. After furrowing, straw and other debris on the bed surface were manually picked up. A pressing machine was used to press the bed surface, and the bed surface was manually leveled with a height difference of 0.7 cm on the same seedling board and a height difference of 1.4 cm between seedling boards. No base fertilizer was applied during the preparation of the seedling bed.

[0057] (3) Seed dressing with pesticides: Select the late-maturing medium-grain japonica rice variety Nanjing 9108 (local safe maturity full growth period of about 160 days) and the hybrid japonica rice Yongyou 2640 (local safe maturity full growth period of about 160 days) that have passed the germination rate test in the early stage. Prepare rice seeds according to the sowing rate of dry seeds of Nanjing 9108 at 120g / tray and Yongyou 2640 at 70g / tray; mix the dry rice seeds with 4% thiophanate-methyl suspension seed dressing agent, mixing 60g of seed dressing agent with 140g of clean water for every 10kg of dry rice seeds, mix well with a seed mixer, and dry them for later use;

[0058] (4) Efficient rice seeding: On May 10, 2022, the above-mentioned spare rice seeds were sown using a self-propelled rice seedling raising and sowing tray machine; the work of filling the bottom soil, sowing, covering the soil, leveling, and placing the tray was completed at one time; the bottom soil of the seedling tray was 2 to 3 cm thick, and the top soil after sowing was 1 to 1.5 cm thick; the seedling trays were placed in the sun for 2 to 3 hours to kill the weeds in the seedling soil on the tray, and then covered with non-woven fabric; a sprinkler device was installed in the seedling field for water slurry management. On May 15, a water layer above the tray surface was constructed with sprinkler irrigation facilities and soaked for 28 hours. The water was allowed to dry naturally, and then the tray surface was flooded with water again after 1 day;

[0059] (5) Management of seedling fields without chemical control: On May 25, when the seedlings have one leaf and one heart, the non-woven fabric is removed and the seedlings are ventilated and hardened; according to the progress of wheat harvest and land preparation, on June 4, 200 mu of seedlings for transplanting in the field are reserved (100 mu for each variety) at a seedling size ratio of 1:85 for Nanjing 9108 and 1:125 for Yongyou 2640, and 6 kg of urea (containing 46% N) is applied per mu of seedling field as topdressing to promote growth. From June 11, the seedlings are transplanted by machine in the field; the remaining seedlings that have not been transplanted are managed by dry management. If the soil in the seedling tray loses water and cracks or the seedlings have curled leaves, water them in time; during this period, according to the planting progress, on June 9, 280 mu of rice seedlings for the field (180 mu and 100 mu for Nanjing 9108 and Yongyou 2640) were reserved according to the above-mentioned rice seedling ratio. 8 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of rice seedling field for topdressing to promote growth, and the rice seedlings were transplanted from June 15. On June 19, 200 mu of rice seedlings for the field (100 mu for each variety) were reserved according to the above-mentioned rice seedling ratio. 8 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of rice seedling field for topdressing to promote growth, and the rice seedlings were transplanted from June 25. On June 24, 10 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of rice seedling field for topdressing to promote growth, and the rice seedlings were transplanted from July 2.

[0060] (6) Pest and disease control:

[0061] The first pest control step is carried out at the one-leaf, one-heart stage of the seedlings. Spray Composition A, calculated per mu, consists of 70 grams of 30% oxazolidinone-methyl solution, 15 grams of 80% pymetrozine-pyrimidine water dispersible granules, and 145 grams of 70% propineb wettable powder. Mix Composition A with 20 kilograms of water per mu and spray with water to prevent damage from rice seedling damping-off, rice blast, and rice thrips.

[0062] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, the second disease and pest control was carried out 3 days before transplanting. The drug composition B was applied per mu of seedling field: 35 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 27 mL of 10% trifluanid suspension, 49 mL of 24% thiophanate-methyl suspension and 110 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension. After mixing, it was diluted with 30 kg of water and sprayed once. The seedlings were transplanted with the medicine to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests in the field, which include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, rice leaf roller, etc.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] (1) Preparation of seedling raising soil: The seedling raising soil prepared in Example 1 last year was selected;

[0065] (2) Preparation of seedling boards: On April 10, 2023, the reserved seedling field was deep-plowed to a depth of 15 to 18 cm, and furrows were dug according to a bed width of 1.4 m. The furrows were about 30 cm wide and 25 cm deep, and the furrows were straight. After furrowing, straw and other debris on the bed surface were manually picked up. The bed surface was pressed with a pressing machine, and the bed surface was manually leveled with a height difference of 0.6 cm on the same seedling board and a height difference of 1.5 cm between seedling boards. No base fertilizer was applied during the preparation of the seedling bed.

[0066] (3) Seed dressing with pesticides: Select the hybrid indica rice Quanliangyou 1606 (local safe maturity full growth period of about 156 days) that has passed the germination rate test in the early stage, prepare the rice seeds according to the dry seed sowing rate of 70g / tray; use 4% chlorfenapyr-thiophanate-methyl suspension seed dressing agent to mix the dry rice seeds, and stir 60g of seed dressing agent and 130g of clean water for every 10kg of dry rice seeds. Use a seed mixer to mix well and dry them for later use;

[0067] (4) Efficient valley filling: Same as step (4) of Example 1, except that the valley filling time is May 9, 2023. On May 13, a water layer is constructed with sprinkler irrigation facilities to exceed the disk surface and soak for 28 hours. The water is allowed to drain naturally, and one day later, the water is applied again to flood the disk surface.

[0068] (5) Management of rice seedlings without chemical control: Same as step (5) of Example 1, except that on May 23, the non-woven fabric was removed for ventilation and hardening of seedlings; according to the wheat harvest and land preparation progress, on June 3, 180 mu of rice seedlings for transplanting in the field were reserved at a rice seedling ratio of 1:125, and 6 kg of urea (containing N46%) was applied per mu of rice seedling field as a topdressing fertilizer to promote growth. From June 10, the rice seedlings were transplanted by machine in the field; the remaining untransplanted rice seedlings were managed under dry conditions, and water was applied in time if the soil in the tray lost water and cracked or the rice seedlings curled up; during this period, according to the planting progress, On June 7, 300 mu of rice seedlings were reserved for the field according to the above-mentioned rice seedling ratio, and 8 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of rice seedling field for topdressing to promote growth. The rice seedlings were transplanted on June 15. On June 18, 200 mu of rice seedlings were reserved for the field according to the above-mentioned rice seedling ratio, and 7.5 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of rice seedling field for topdressing to promote growth. The rice seedlings were transplanted on June 23. On June 22, 10 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of rice seedling field for topdressing to promote growth. The rice seedlings were transplanted on July 1.

[0069] (6) Pest and disease control:

[0070] Spray the drug composition A at the one-leaf-one-heart stage of the seedlings for the first disease and pest control. The drug composition A is composed of 50 grams of 30% carbendazim-methyl soluble solution, 10 grams of 80% pyrimidine-pyrimidin water-dispersible granules and 140 grams of 70% propineb wettable powder per mu; after mixing the above drug composition A, add 20 kilograms of water per mu and spray it to prevent seedling blight, rice blast, rice thrips and other diseases and pests.

[0071] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, the second disease and pest control was carried out 3 days before transplanting. The drug composition B was applied per mu of seedling field: 30 mL of 200 g / L chlorfenapyr suspension, 25 mL of 10% trifluanid suspension, 40 mL of 24% thiophanate-methyl suspension, and 100 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension. The mixture was added with 30 kg of water and sprayed once. The seedlings were transplanted with the medicine to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests in the field, which include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, rice leaf roller, etc.

[0072] The purpose of setting up a comparison ratio is to systematically compare the seedling quality, transplanting effect, field yield and final income of different seedling raising methods throughout the process, refer to the common medium and large seedling raising methods in production, and simulate the "over-age" problem often encountered in large-scale planting. The corresponding transplanting field area in each treatment of the comparison ratio is set to 1 to 2.5 acres.

[0073] Comparative Example 1

[0074] The experiment was conducted at Wei Yulin Family Farm in Liulaozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E). The goal was to cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age. However, considering the practicalities of large-scale planting, the experiment also included delaying transplanting of seedlings by 5, 10, and 15 days to simulate the occurrence of "over-aged" seedlings. The specific steps are as follows:

[0075] (1) The same procedure as step (1) of Example 1 was followed, except that 20 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 15 kg of urea (N, 46%) was applied per mu before deep rotation of the rice seedling field, and the field was rotated twice to ensure that the fertilizer was evenly mixed.

[0076] (2) The same method as step (2) of Example 1 was carried out, except that 20 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) was applied per mu before rotary tillage of the rice seedling field to fertilize the rice seedling board;

[0077] (3) proceed with the same procedure as step (3) of Example 1;

[0078] (4) The same procedure as step (4) of Example 1 was followed, except that the seeds were sown on May 21 and soaked in water on May 24;

[0079] (5) Management of seedling fields: According to the harvest time of the previous wheat crop and the progress of land preparation, all seedlings were fertilized with "wedding fertilizer" on June 10, and 5.0 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of seedling field. The seedlings were transplanted on June 19, June 24, June 29, and July 4, respectively;

[0080] (6) Pest and disease control:

[0081] The first pest and disease control is carried out at the one-leaf-one-heart stage of the seedlings, and the drug composition A is sprayed. Per mu, the drug composition A is 75 grams of 30% carbendazim-methyl soluble solution and 20 grams of 80% pyrimidine-pyriproxyfen water dispersible granules; the above drug composition A is mixed and 20 kilograms of water is added per mu for spraying to prevent seedling blight, rice blast, rice thrips and other pests and diseases.

[0082] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, the second disease and pest control was carried out 3 days before transplanting. The drug composition B was applied per mu of seedling field: 40 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 30 mL of 10% trifluanid suspension and 60 mL of 24% thiophanate-methyl suspension. After mixing, it was diluted with 30 kg of water and sprayed once. The seedlings were transplanted with the medicine to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests in the field. The diseases and pests in the field include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, rice leaf roller, etc.

[0083] Comparative Example 2

[0084] The experiment was conducted at Wei Yulin Family Farm in Liulaozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E). The goal was to cultivate mid-stage seedlings for transplanting. Considering production practices, treatments were set up to delay transplanting for 5, 10, and 15 days. The specific steps are as follows:

[0085] (1) The same procedure as step (1) of Example 1 was performed, except that 30 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 17.5 kg of urea (N, 46%) was applied per mu before deep rotation of the seedling field, and the fertilizer was rotated twice to ensure that the fertilizer was evenly mixed; 1 / 4 of the seedling soil was selected as the seed covering soil, and the remaining 3 / 4 of the seedling soil was mixed with 1.0-1.5 kg of "Jiewei" rice seedling strengthening agent per 100 kg and mixed evenly as the seedling subsoil;

[0086] (2) The same procedure as step (2) of Example 1 was carried out, except that 20 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 5.0 kg of urea (N, 46%) was applied per mu before rotary tillage of the rice seedling field, and the rice seedlings were fertilized;

[0087] (3) The same procedure as in step (3) of Example 1 was performed, except that the rice seeds were prepared at a sowing rate of 105 g / tray for Nanjing 9108 and 60 g / tray for Yongyou 2640;

[0088] (4) The same procedure as step (3) of Example 1 was followed, except that the seeds were sown on May 15 and soaked in water on May 17;

[0089] (5) Management of the rice paddies: According to the local large-scale rice transplanting schedule, "sending fertilizer" was applied on June 10, and 7.5 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of rice paddies. The rice paddies were transplanted on June 17, June 22, June 27, and July 2, respectively.

[0090] (6) Disease and pest control: The first disease and pest control was carried out at the one-leaf-one-heart stage of the seedlings by spraying the drug composition A. The drug composition A per mu consisted of 100 g of 30% oxazolidinone-methyl soluble solution, 20 g of 80% pyrimidine-pyrimidazole water dispersible granules, and 162 g of 70% propineb wettable powder. The above drug composition A was mixed and diluted with 20 kg of water per mu for spraying to prevent damage by diseases and insects such as seedling blight, rice blast, and rice thrips.

[0091] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, the second disease and pest control was carried out 3 days before transplanting. The drug composition B was applied per mu of seedling field: 40 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 32 mL of 10% trifluanid suspension, 60 mL of 24% thiophanate-methyl suspension and 100 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension. After mixing, it was diluted with 30 kg of water and sprayed once. The seedlings were transplanted with the medicine to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests in the field, which include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, rice leaf roller, etc.

[0092] Comparative Example 3

[0093] The experiment was conducted at Wei Yulin Family Farm in Liulaozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E). The goal was to cultivate large seedlings for transplanting. Considering production practices, transplanting was delayed by 5, 10, and 15 days. The specific steps were as follows:

[0094] (1) The same procedure as step (1) of Example 1 was performed, except that 30 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 17.5 kg of urea (N, 46%) was applied per mu before deep rotation of the seedling field, and the fertilizer was rotated twice to ensure that the fertilizer was evenly mixed; 1 / 4 of the seedling soil was selected as the seed covering soil, and the remaining 3 / 4 of the seedling soil was mixed with 1.0-1.5 kg of "Jiewei" rice seedling strengthening agent per 100 kg and mixed evenly as the seedling subsoil;

[0095] (2) The same procedure as step (2) of Example 1 was carried out, except that 25 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 5.0 kg of urea (N, 46%) was applied per mu before rotary tillage of the rice seedling field, and the rice seedlings were fertilized;

[0096] (3) The same procedure as in step (3) of Example 1 was performed, except that the rice seeds were prepared at a sowing rate of 100 g / tray for Nanjing 9108 and 55 g / tray for Yongyou 2640;

[0097] (4) The same procedure as step (3) of Example 1 was followed, except that the seeds were sown on May 10 and soaked in water on May 12;

[0098] (5) Chemical control management of rice seedlings: According to the local large-scale rice transplanting time, spray 100g of 15% paclobutrazol and 20kg of water per mu on June 2 for chemical control. Apply "wedding fertilizer" on June 10 and 7.5kg of urea (containing 46% N) per mu of rice seedlings. Keep the rice seedlings moist before the 2-leaf 1-heart stage. Keep a water layer when fertilizing. Dry management is mainly used for the rest of the time. Transplanting starts on June 17, June 22, June 27 and July 2 respectively.

[0099] (6) Disease and pest control: The first disease and pest control is carried out at the one-leaf-one-heart stage of the seedlings by spraying the drug composition A. The drug composition A is 50 grams of 30% oxazolidinone-methyl soluble solution and 22 grams of 80% pyrimidine-pyriproxyfen water dispersible granules per mu. The above drug composition A is mixed and diluted with 20 kilograms of water per mu for spraying to prevent seedling damping-off, rice blast, rice thrips and other pests and diseases.

[0100] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, the second disease and pest control was carried out 3 days before transplanting. The drug composition B was applied per mu of seedling field: 40 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 60 mL of 24% thiophanate-methyl suspension and 152 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension. After mixing, it was diluted with 30 kg of water and sprayed once. The seedlings were transplanted with the medicine to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests in the field. The diseases and pests in the field include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, rice leaf roller, etc.

[0101] Comparative Example 4

[0102] The experiment was conducted in April 2023 at Wei Yulin Family Farm in Liulaozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E). The goal was to cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age. However, considering the actual scale of planting production, the experiment also included delaying the transplanting of seedlings by 5, 10, and 15 days to simulate the occurrence of "over-aged" seedlings. The specific steps are as follows:

[0103] (1) The same procedure as step (1) of Example 1 was followed, except that 17.5 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 16 kg of urea (N, 46%) was applied per mu before deep rotation of the rice seedling field, and the field was rotated twice to ensure that the fertilizer was evenly mixed.

[0104] (2) The same process as step (2) of Example 1 was carried out, except that 25 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) was applied per mu before rotary tillage of the rice seedling field to fertilize the rice seedling board;

[0105] (3) The same procedure as in step (3) of Example 1 was performed, except that the sowing rate of Quan Liang You 1606 was 75 g / tray of dry rice seeds;

[0106] (4) The same procedure as step (4) of Example 1 was followed, except that the seeds were sown on May 19 and soaked in water on May 21;

[0107] (5) Management of the seedling fields: According to the harvest time of the previous wheat crop and the progress of land preparation, all seedlings were fertilized with "wedding fertilizer" on June 3, and 5.0 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of seedling field. The seedlings were transplanted on June 10, June 17, June 26, and July 1, respectively;

[0108] (6) Pest and disease control:

[0109] The first pest and disease control is carried out at the one-leaf-one-heart stage of the seedlings by spraying the drug composition A. Per mu, the drug composition A is 105 grams of 30% carbendazim-methyl soluble solution and 9.5 grams of 80% pyrimidine-pyriproxyfen water dispersible granules; the above drug composition A is mixed and diluted with 20 kilograms of water per mu for spraying to prevent seedling damping-off disease, rice blast, rice thrips and other pests and diseases.

[0110] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, the second disease and pest control was carried out 3 days before transplanting. The drug composition B was applied per mu of seedling field: 45 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension, 65 mL of 24% thiophanate-methyl suspension and 100 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension. After mixing, it was diluted with 30 kg of water and sprayed once. The seedlings were transplanted with the medicine to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests in the field. The diseases and pests in the field include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, rice leaf roller, etc.

[0111] Comparative Example 5

[0112] The experiment was conducted at Wei Yulin Family Farm in Liulaozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E). The goal was to cultivate mid-stage seedlings for transplanting. Considering production practices, treatments were set up to delay transplanting for 5, 10, and 15 days. The specific steps are as follows:

[0113] (1) The same procedure as step (1) of Example 1 was performed, except that 28.5 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 18 kg of urea (N, 46%) was applied per mu before deep rotation of the seedling field, and the fertilizer was rotated twice to ensure that the fertilizer was mixed evenly; 1 / 4 of the seedling soil was selected as the seed covering soil, and the remaining 3 / 4 of the seedling soil was mixed with 1.0-1.5 kg of "Jiewei" rice seedling strengthening agent per 100 kg and mixed evenly as the seedling subsoil;

[0114] (2) The same procedure as step (2) of Example 1 was carried out, except that 25 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 5.2 kg of urea (N, 46%) was applied per mu before rotary tillage of the rice seedling field to fertilize the rice seedling board;

[0115] (3) The same procedure as in step (3) of Example 1 was followed, except that rice seeds were prepared at a sowing rate of 65 g / tray of Tsuen Leung Yu 1606 dry seeds;

[0116] (4) The same procedure as step (3) of Example 1 was followed, except that the seeds were sown on May 14 and soaked in water on May 16;

[0117] (5) Management of the rice paddies: According to the local large-scale rice transplanting schedule, "sending fertilizer" was applied on June 8, and 7.0 kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of rice paddies. The rice paddies were transplanted on June 16, June 21, June 26, and July 1, respectively.

[0118] (6) Pest and disease control:

[0119] The first pest and disease control is carried out at the one-leaf-one-heart stage of the seedlings, and the drug composition A is sprayed. Per mu, the drug composition A is 90 grams of 30% carbendazim-methyl soluble solution and 25 grams of 80% pyrimidine-pyriproxyfen water dispersible granules; the above drug composition A is mixed and 20 kilograms of water are added per mu for spraying to prevent seedling blight, rice blast, rice thrips and other pests and diseases.

[0120] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, the second disease and pest control was carried out 3 days before transplanting. Drug composition B was applied per acre of seedling field: 35 mL of 10% trifluanid suspension, 61 mL of 24% thiophanate-methyl suspension and 100 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension. After mixing, it was diluted with 30 kg of water and sprayed once. The seedlings were transplanted with the medicine to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests in the field. Diseases and pests in the field include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, rice leaf roller, etc.

[0121] Comparative Example 6

[0122] The experiment was conducted at Wei Yulin Family Farm in Liulaozhuang Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City (33°.85′N, 118°.99′E). The goal was to cultivate large seedlings for transplanting. Considering production practices, transplanting was delayed by 5, 10, and 15 days. The specific steps were as follows:

[0123] (1) The same procedure as step (1) of Example 1 was performed, except that 40 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 15.5 kg of urea (N, 46%) was applied per mu before deep rotation of the seedling field, and the fertilizer was rotated twice to ensure that the fertilizer was evenly mixed; 1 / 4 of the seedling soil was selected as the seed covering soil, and the remaining 3 / 4 of the seedling soil was mixed with 1.0-1.5 kg of "Jiewei" rice seedling strengthening agent per 100 kg and mixed evenly as the seedling subsoil;

[0124] (2) The same procedure as step (2) of Example 1 was carried out, except that 25 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15%-15%-15%) + 3.5 kg of urea (N, 46%) was applied per mu before rotary tillage of the rice seedling field, and the rice seedlings were fertilized;

[0125] (3) The same procedure as in step (3) of Example 1 was followed, except that rice seeds were prepared at a sowing rate of 60 g / tray of Tsuen Leung Yu 1606 dry seeds;

[0126] (4) The same procedure as step (3) of Example 1 was followed, except that the seeds were sown on May 9 and soaked in water on May 11;

[0127] (5) Chemical control management of rice paddies: According to the local large-scale rice transplanting time, 15% paclobutrazol 110g diluted with 25kg of water was sprayed per mu on May 30 for chemical control of rice seedlings. On June 8, "wedding fertilizer" was applied, and 8.0kg of urea (containing 46% N) was applied per mu of rice paddies. The paddies were kept moist before the seedlings had 2 leaves and 1 heart. When fertilizing, a water layer was maintained. The rest of the time, dry management was mainly used. Transplantation of rice seedlings was carried out on June 16, June 21, June 26, and July 1, respectively.

[0128] (6) Pest and disease control:

[0129] The first pest and disease control was carried out by spraying pharmaceutical composition A at the one-leaf-one-heart stage of the seedlings. The pharmaceutical composition A consisted of 108 grams of 30% oxazolidinone-methyl soluble solution and 23 grams of 80% pyrimidine-pyriproxyfen water-dispersible granules. The above pharmaceutical composition A was mixed and diluted with 20 kilograms of water per mu for spraying to prevent damage by pests and diseases such as seedling blight, rice blast, and rice thrips.

[0130] For seedlings at different transplanting periods, the second disease and pest control was carried out 3 days before transplanting. The drug composition B was applied per mu of seedling field: 200 g / L chlorfenapyr suspension 25 mL, 10% trifluanid suspension 18 mL, 24% thiophanate-methyl suspension 65 mL, 40% tricyclazole suspension 95 mL, mixed with 30 kg of water and sprayed once. The seedlings were transplanted with the medicine to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests in the field, which include sheath blight, rice false smut, rice blast, rice leaf roller, etc.

[0131] Test Example 1

[0132] At different transplanting periods in 2022 and 2023, the corresponding treated seedlings were taken to examine their basic qualities. The leaf age, seedling height, and coiling ability of the seedlings of Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were compared, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2:

[0133] Table 1 Basic qualities of seedlings under different treatments in 2022

[0134]

[0135]

[0136] Note: The letters in the table indicate significant differences, and different lowercase and uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

[0137] In the table, the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to variance analysis, and the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 were subjected to variance analysis.

[0138] Table 2 Basic quality of seedlings of Tsuen U 1606 under different treatments in 2023

[0139]

[0140] Note: The letters in the table indicate significant differences, and different lowercase and uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

[0141] In the table, the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to variance analysis, and the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 were subjected to variance analysis.

[0142] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the quality of the rice seedlings of Example 1 and Example 2 is compared with the corresponding comparative examples. Although the overall quality of the early-planted rice seedlings of the embodiment is not as good as the transplanted rice seedlings of the medium and large seedling raising method at the right time, as the transplanting period is postponed, the seedling height of the rice seedlings of the three comparative examples is slightly lower, the number of green leaves is large, the root system coiling force and the dry weight per 100 plants are higher, and the comprehensive quality of the rice seedlings is better. In the actual transplanting process, the "overage" seedlings of the three comparative examples have a faster growth rate in the later stage, and the imbalance of the rice seedlings is more prominent. While the quality of the rice seedlings drops sharply, the rice seedling transplanting effect is not good, with prominent performances such as more floating rice seedlings, heavy rice seedling injuries, an increase in the number of field transplanting trays, slow survival after planting, and few effective tillers in the field. It can be seen that the rice seedling raising method provided by the present invention can meet the rice seedling transplanting needs of different transplanting periods under large-scale planting conditions.

[0143] Test Example 2

[0144] The maturity, yield and composition of the rice in Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were recorded and measured, and the results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0145] Table 3 Rice maturity and yield composition under different treatments in 2022

[0146]

[0147]

[0148] Note: The letters in the table indicate significant differences, and different lowercase and uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

[0149] In the table, the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to variance analysis, and the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 were subjected to variance analysis.

[0150] Table 4 Rice maturity and yield composition of different treatments of Tsuen U 1606 in 2023

[0151]

[0152]

[0153] Note: The letters in the table indicate significant differences, and different lowercase and uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

[0154] In the table, the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to variance analysis, and the average values ​​of the same varieties in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 were subjected to variance analysis.

[0155] As can be seen from Tables 3 and 4, the rice maturity time of Example 1 and Example 2 is generally earlier than that of other rice seedling raising methods, which is conducive to the appropriate sowing of the next wheat crop (the suitable sowing period for local wheat is October 20-25). Compared with the corresponding control example, the yield is significantly increased except for the appropriate transplanting of medium and large seedlings. It can be seen that the method provided by the present invention can effectively increase rice yield.

[0156] Test Example 3

[0157] The net income of rice planting of Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was calculated respectively, and the results are shown in Table 5.

[0158] Table 5 Net income of rice planting under different treatments

[0159]

[0160] Note: The letters in the table indicate significant differences. Different lowercase and uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. The rent for the family farm's land transfer for rice and wheat seasons is 1,100 yuan per year. The land rent in the table is the converted amount for the rice season.

[0161] In the table, the actual yields of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are weighted averages of the actual yields of the two varieties, and variance analysis was performed; variance analysis was performed on Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6.

[0162] As can be seen from Table 5, the rice seedling raising methods of Example 1 and Example 2 increased rice yield compared with the control example, and the rice output value was significantly higher than that of the corresponding control example, which reduced the cost of raising rice seedlings equivalent to large fields, and the corresponding net income was significantly increased; this shows that the solution provided by the present invention can effectively increase the planting income of large-scale rice growers.

[0163] As can be seen from the above examples, the method provided by the present invention can meet the practical needs of large-scale planting, reduce the seedling raising and fertilizing steps, improve the safety factor of seedling raising, reduce the labor and material input of seedling raising, and make the seedling raising method simple and easy to operate. By controlling water and adjusting fertilizer, the risk of "overage" leading to a rapid decline in seedling quality or even the lack of seedlings to plant is avoided. At the same time, early seedling raising promotes the normal maturation of late-maturing machine-transplanted rice, ultimately achieving higher yields and planting benefits, and allowing for early stubble removal, creating conditions for achieving year-round high yields.

[0164] Although the above embodiment provides a detailed description of the present invention, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rice seedling raising method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Preparation of seedling soil, seedling board, seed dressing, seed dropping, non-chemical control management of seedling fields and pest and disease control; No nutrient-containing compounds are applied to the seedling raising soil, and the nutrient-containing compounds include fertilizers, and no seedling-strengthening agents or other dwarfing products containing chemical control ingredients are used; No base fertilizer is applied during the preparation of the seedling board; The non-chemical control management of the rice paddy includes controlling the growth of rice by water management, applying urea containing 45% to 48% nitrogen once 5 to 10 days before transplanting the rice seedlings, and the amount of urea used is 6.0 to 10 kg / mu; The step of controlling rice growth by managing water includes: after transplanting the seedlings, performing dry management on the remaining untransplanted seedlings, and applying running water in time if the soil in the seedling raising tray loses water and cracks or the seedlings have curled leaves.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation of seedling soil includes taking 2-3 cm of soil from the surface of the field after deep plowing, and 3 Prepare seedling raising soil; crush it with a seedling raising soil crusher, and the diameter of the crushed soil particles is 4 to 9 mm; the seedling raising soil material is only soil; the seedling raising soil is used to include seedling raising bottom soil and seedling raising cover soil.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation of the seedling raising soil also includes piling the crushed soil into a soil pile with a height of 100 to 150 cm, and covering it with a black mulch film one month before raising the seedlings, and then piling it up for later use.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed dressing comprises mixing 60g of 4% chlorfenapyr·thiophanate-methyl suspension seed dressing agent with 140g of clean water per 10kg of dry rice seeds, mixing well with a seed mixer, and air-drying for later use.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rice dropping method includes sowing 10 to 15 days earlier than the local conventional rice seedling raising; the late-maturing rice is selected from one or more of conventional japonica rice, hybrid indica rice and indica-japonica hybrid rice; the sowing amount of conventional japonica rice is 110 to 130 g / tray, the sowing amount of hybrid rice is 60 to 80 g / tray, and the sown rice is dry seeds.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method of dropping the seeds also includes exposing the seeded seedling trays to the sun for 2 to 3 hours and then covering them with non-woven fabrics; installing a sprinkler irrigation device in the seedling field to manage water slurry, and the water slurry management includes sprinkler irrigation to soak the water layer exceeding 1 to 2 cm on the tray surface for 24 to 30 hours, waiting for the water to naturally dry up, and then applying running water to flood the tray surface after 1 to 2 days.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the seedling raising process, pest and disease control is carried out twice; the first pest and disease control is carried out at the one-leaf and one-heart stage of the seedlings, and 20 kg of the drug composition A is diluted with water per mu and sprayed; the drug composition A comprises 50-100 g of 30% oxazolidinone·oxazolidinone soluble solution, 10-20 g of 80% pymetrozine·pyrimidine water dispersible granules and 140-160 g of 70% propineb wettable powder per mu; The second pest and disease control is carried out 3 days before transplanting the seedlings, and 30 kg of drug composition B is diluted with water per mu and sprayed; the drug composition B includes 30-40 mL of 200 g / L chlorfenapyr suspension, 20-30 mL of 10% trifluanid suspension, 40-60 mL of 24% thiophanate-methyl suspension and 100-150 mL of 40% tricyclazole suspension per mu.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method is suitable for large-scale planting of late-maturing rice; large-scale planting refers to a business entity planting 33.3hm 2 For the above land, the operating entity is an individual or a family.

9. A rice-wheat cropping rotation planting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Cultivating rice seedlings by the rice seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and after wheat is harvested, transplanting the rice seedlings by machine and performing conventional management until harvest; The time for cultivating rice seedlings is 10 to 15 days earlier than the conventional time for cultivating rice seedlings.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: After cultivating the rice seedlings and before machine transplanting, the rice seedlings are prepared according to a hybrid rice seedling ratio of 1:110-130 and / or a conventional rice seedling ratio of 1:80-100.

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