Diversified cultivation method for intercropping vegetables

Abstract

The invention discloses a diversified cultivation method for intercropping and interplanting vegetables, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, the method comprises the following components: S1, screening and preparation of a microbial preparation, S2, seed treatment, S3, soil treatment, and S4, intercropping and interplanting mode. According to the method, a microorganism-induced mutual benefit micro-ecological system is successfully constructed by screening and preparing a microbial preparation and applying the microbial preparation to seed treatment and soil treatment steps, and in the system, mutual benefit sharing of nutrients is realized by root systems of vegetables such as potatoes and lettuces through the action of microorganisms, and particularly, the application of the microbial preparation to seed treatment and soil treatment is realized. The potato root system can secrete substances which are beneficial for the lettuce to absorb phosphorus elements under the induction of microorganisms, but the secretions of the lettuce root system promote the absorption of the potatoes to nitrogen elements in turn, so that the utilization rate of soil nutrients is remarkably increased through the interaction, the application amount of chemical fertilizer is effectively reduced, and the yield is increased. The negative influence of agricultural production on the environment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and specifically provides a diversified cultivation method for intercropping vegetables. Background Art

[0002] In modern agricultural production, intercropping, as an efficient planting mode, is widely used to improve land utilization rate and increase crop yields. Traditional intercropping techniques mainly rely on manually selected crop combinations and planting management. However, there are still many challenges in nutrient utilization and pest control in this mode. In order to improve the yield and quality of intercropped vegetables and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, agricultural researchers have been exploring more environmentally friendly and efficient planting methods.

[0003] Although traditional intercropping techniques have improved land utilization rate to a certain extent, there are still obvious deficiencies in microbe-induced symbiosis. On the one hand, the traditional method lacks a scientific and systematic process for screening and preparing microbial agents, resulting in a limited number and variety of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, making it difficult to form an efficient mutually beneficial microecosystem. This limits the absorption and utilization of nutrients by vegetable roots, resulting in low soil nutrient utilization rate and often requiring a large amount of chemical fertilizers to supplement nutrients. On the other hand, under the traditional intercropping mode, vegetables have weak resistance to soil-borne pathogens, and the incidence of pests and diseases is relatively high, which often requires a large amount of pesticides to control. This not only increases the agricultural production cost but also poses a potential threat to the environment and vegetable quality.

[0004] In summary, traditional intercropping techniques have obvious defects, leading to problems such as low nutrient utilization rate, large chemical fertilizer application amount, high incidence of pests and diseases, and large pesticide usage amount. To solve these problems, it is particularly important to propose a diversified cultivation method for intercropping vegetables in the present invention. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the deficiencies of the existing technology and provide a diversified cultivation method for intercropping vegetables. It can successfully construct a mutually beneficial microecosystem induced by microorganisms through the screening and preparation of microbial agents and their application in seed treatment and soil treatment steps. This innovation not only significantly improves the utilization rate of soil nutrients and reduces the application amount of chemical fertilizers but also significantly enhances the resistance of vegetables to soil-borne pathogens, reduces the incidence of pests and diseases, and decreases the usage amount of pesticides, providing strong support for the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A diversified cultivation method for intercropping vegetables, and the specific steps of this method are as follows:

[0007] S1. Screening and preparation steps of microbial agents: Samples are collected from soils in different ecological environments. Through enrichment culture and isolation and purification methods, microbial strains with the function of promoting symbiosis of vegetable roots are screened out. After identification and re-screening, the target microbial flora is determined, including but not limited to beneficial microorganisms of the genus Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium. The screened microbial strains are mixed in a specific ratio and then subjected to enlarged culture by liquid fermentation or solid fermentation to prepare microbial agents.

[0008] S2. Seed treatment steps: For different vegetable varieties, the seeds to be sown are soaked in a solution containing microbial agents. The solution concentration is adjusted according to the characteristics of vegetable seeds and the activity of microbial agents. The soaking time is such that the seed surface is fully adsorbed with microbial agents. After soaking, the seeds are fished out, rinsed clean with water, and dried for standby.

[0009] S3. Soil treatment steps: Before intercropping and relay cropping, the microbial agents are evenly spread on the surface of the planting soil and then plowed to fully mix the microbial agents with the soil.

[0010] S4. Intercropping and relay cropping mode steps: According to the growth characteristics and symbiotic requirements of different vegetables, vegetable varieties are selected for intercropping and relay cropping. During the planting process, appropriate light, temperature, water, and nutrient supplies are maintained.

[0011] Further, the number of effective viable bacteria in the microbial agent is not less than 1×10 8 CFU / g.

[0012] Furthermore, when treating potato seeds, the potato seeds are soaked in a microbial agent solution with a concentration of 3% <(w / v) for 30 minutes.

[0013] Furthermore, when treating lettuce seeds, the lettuce seeds are soaked in a microbial agent solution with a concentration of 2% (w / v) for 4 hours.

[0014] Furthermore, when treating the soil before intercropping and relay cropping, the application rate of the microbial agent is 5 kg / mu.

[0015] Furthermore, when plowing the soil to mix the microbial agent with the soil, the plowing depth is 20 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, when adopting the intercropping mode of potato and lettuce, the row spacing between potato and lettuce is 50 cm, and the plant spacing is 30 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, compared with the traditional intercropping and relay cropping method, the yield of the intercropped and relay cropped vegetables planted by this method is increased by 20% - 30%, and the incidence of pests and diseases is reduced by 30% - 50%.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the diversified cultivation method for intercropping vegetables has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] First, through the screening and preparation of microbial agents and their application in seed treatment and soil treatment steps, the present invention successfully constructs a mutually beneficial microecosystem induced by microorganisms. In this system, the roots of vegetables such as potatoes and lettuce achieve mutual sharing of nutrients through the action of microorganisms. Specifically, the potato roots can secrete substances that help lettuce absorb phosphorus elements under the induction of microorganisms, while the root exudates of lettuce in turn promote the absorption of nitrogen elements by potatoes. This interaction not only significantly improves the utilization rate of soil nutrients, but also effectively reduces the application amount of chemical fertilizers and the negative impact of agricultural production on the environment.

[0020] Second, by constructing a mutually beneficial microecosystem induced by microorganisms, the present invention also significantly enhances the resistance of vegetables to pathogenic bacteria in the soil. The beneficial microorganisms in the microbial agents can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, thereby reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. In the intercropping mode, vegetables such as potatoes and lettuce further enhance their disease resistance through the interaction between root exudates and microorganisms. This not only reduces the use amount of pesticides and the potential threat of chemical pesticides to vegetable quality and food safety, but also improves the quality and market competitiveness of vegetables, providing strong support for the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0021] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present invention will be described to some extent in the subsequent specification, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the study of the following text, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings without creative efforts based on these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 It is the overall flowchart of a diversified cultivation method for intercropping vegetables;

[0024] Figure 2 The detailed diagram of the key steps of a diversified cultivation method for intercropping vegetables. Detailed Embodiments

[0025] To further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended invention purpose, the following will, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, elaborate in detail on the specific implementation manners, structures, features and their effects according to the present invention as follows.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] This example describes a small family farm in the suburbs. The farmer has been committed to exploring an efficient and environmentally friendly planting mode. On the one hand, urban residents' demand for fresh and green vegetables is increasing day by day, and they hope to produce high-quality vegetables for the local market. On the other hand, the limited land resources have forced him to improve land utilization rate. At the same time, he learned that pests and diseases frequently occur under traditional planting methods, which not only affect the yield but also may lead to excessive pesticide residues. And the intercropping and interplanting combined with microbial agents planting method is expected to solve these problems. So he decided to try this new cultivation method.

[0028] The farmer contacted the local municipal academy of agricultural sciences. With the help of the team, soil samples were collected from the soil of different ecological environments around the farm, including the soil of orchards, grasslands and river wetlands. Through a series of professional methods such as enrichment culture and isolation and purification, the scientific research personnel screened out beneficial microbial flora including Bacillus and Pseudomonas. After that, these microorganisms were enlarged and cultured by liquid fermentation. During the fermentation process, conditions such as temperature and pH were strictly controlled. After several days of cultivation, a microbial agent with an effective viable count of not less than 1×10 8 CFU / g was prepared. The farmer properly stored these microbial agents for subsequent use.

[0029] Before sowing, the farmer treated the potato seeds according to the cultivation method. He carefully soaked the potato seeds in a microbial agent solution with a concentration of 3% (w / v). To ensure even soaking of the seeds, he gently stirred the solution every once in a while. After 30 minutes, he fished out the potato seeds, carefully rinsed them with clean water, and then placed them in a well-ventilated place to dry. For lettuce seeds, the farmer also treated them carefully, soaking them in a microbial agent solution with a concentration of 2% (w / v) for 4 hours. After soaking, they were washed and dried with clean water. The seeds and tubers treated in this way adsorbed beneficial microorganisms, providing a better environment for subsequent growth.

[0030] Before intercropping and relay cropping, the farmer is going to treat the soil. First, he calculates the dosage of the microbial agent according to the planting area. At a application rate of 5 kg / mu, he evenly spreads the microbial agent on the surface of the planting soil. After spreading, he uses a small tiller to plow the soil. During the plowing process, the farmer strictly controls the plowing depth at 20 cm to fully mix the microbial agent with the soil. In this way, the microorganisms can better play their roles in the soil, improve the soil structure, increase the soil fertility, and create a good soil environment for vegetable growth.

[0031] The farmer adopts the intercropping mode of potato and lettuce for planting. He uses ropes and wooden stakes to mark the planting area and sows according to the standards of row spacing of 50 cm and plant spacing of 30 cm. During the planting process, the management of light, temperature, water, and nutrients is crucial. To adjust the light, when the sun is strong in summer, the farmer uses a sunshade net to block part of the sunlight for lettuce to prevent it from being sunburned. In spring and autumn when the sunlight is relatively gentle, he promptly retracts the sunshade net to ensure that the crops have sufficient light. In terms of water management, he installs a drip irrigation system and irrigates regularly and quantitatively according to the weather conditions and the growth needs of the crops, which not only saves water but also ensures that the soil is moist. In terms of nutrient supply, the farmer mainly uses organic fertilizers. Before planting, he applies well-rotted farmyard manure to the soil. During the growth process of the crops, according to the different growth stages of potatoes and lettuce, he timely topdresses some organic fertilizers to ensure that the crops have enough nutrients for growth.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] This example describes that a vegetable planting cooperative in the mountainous area consists of many farmers. The land resources are limited and scattered. Coupled with the special climate and geographical environment in the mountainous area, the pests and diseases are relatively serious. Under the traditional planting method, the vegetable yield is not high and the quality is also unstable, which greatly affects the income of the members. In order to change this situation, the cooperative decides to try the planting method of intercropping and relay cropping combined with microbial agents to improve the vegetable yield and quality and increase the income of the members.

[0034] The cooperative invited agricultural experts to come and give guidance. The experts led the team to collect soil samples in different forest lands and grasslands in the mountainous area. These samples cover a variety of ecological environments. After a series of complex screening processes, a microbial flora containing Rhizobium and Bacillus was finally determined. Considering the limited conditions in the mountainous area, the solid fermentation method was used to prepare the microbial agent. During the fermentation process, the local natural environment was utilized to control the humidity and temperature. After a period of fermentation, a microbial agent that meets the requirements was successfully prepared.

[0035] Before sowing, the villagers, under the guidance of experts, processed the kidney bean and pakchoi seeds. For the kidney bean seeds, according to their characteristics, they were soaked in a microbial agent solution of appropriate concentration. During the soaking process, the villagers continuously observed the state of the seeds to ensure that the seeds fully absorbed the microbial agent. After soaking for a certain period of time, the seeds were fished out, washed with clean water and dried in the air. The pakchoi seeds were also processed in a similar way, except that the soaking concentration and time were adjusted according to their own characteristics.

[0036] Before intercropping and relay cropping, the cooperative evenly spread the microbial agent on the soil surface at a rate of 5 kg per mu. Due to the complex terrain in the mountainous area and the difficulty of operating large machinery, the villagers mainly relied on animal power for tillage. They used oxen to pull the plow and tilled the soil to a depth of 20 cm, so that the microbial agent was evenly mixed with the soil. Although this method was relatively low in efficiency, it could ensure that every inch of land was fully treated, laying a good foundation for the growth of vegetables.

[0037] The cooperative chose to intercropping kidney beans and pakchoi. Before planting, the villagers reasonably planned the row spacing and plant spacing according to the growth characteristics of kidney beans and pakchoi. During the planting process, water management mainly relied on mountain streams. The villagers built simple irrigation channels to introduce the stream water into the fields and irrigated according to the weather and soil moisture. During the period when the kidney beans climbed the trellis, the villagers carefully adjusted the position of the kidney bean plants to let the kidney bean vines climb along the trellis to ensure that the pakchoi had sufficient sunlight. In terms of nutrient supply, the villagers used the rich resources of fallen leaves and straw in the mountainous area to make compost and applied it to the soil in a timely manner during the planting process to provide nutrients for the crops.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] This example describes a large-scale vegetable planting base located in the plain area, covering an area of thousands of mu. It has been supplying the vegetable markets in surrounding cities with a large-scale and specialized vegetable planting mode. However, over the years, the single planting mode and continuous large-scale planting have caused serious continuous cropping obstacle problems in the base soil. A large number of pathogenic bacteria have accumulated in the soil, the beneficial microbial community has been unbalanced, and the soil fertility has declined, resulting in frequent occurrence of vegetable diseases and pests. In particular, the main planted crops of tomatoes and onions have been severely affected. The diseases and pests have not only increased the production cost, reduced the yield, but also made the vegetable quality uneven and gradually weakened the competitiveness in the market. In order to reverse this situation, improve the land output rate and achieve sustainable development, the base management decided to introduce the advanced planting technology of intercropping and relay cropping combined with microbial agents.

[0040] The base has established a deep cooperation relationship with well-known domestic agricultural research institutions. After the research team entered the base, they immediately launched a comprehensive soil sample collection work. They not only collected samples from different planting areas and plots with different planting years in the base, but also sampled the soil in the surrounding natural ecological environment, aiming to cover various soil environments where beneficial microorganisms may exist. The collected soil samples were taken back to the laboratory. The researchers used advanced enrichment culture techniques to simulate different nutrient environments and growth conditions to promote the rapid growth and reproduction of target microorganisms. Then, through a series of separation and purification operations, strains with the function of promoting the symbiosis of vegetable roots were screened out from the complex microbial community. After detailed identification and multiple rounds of re-screening, a microbial community containing various beneficial microorganisms such as Pseudomonas and Rhizobium was finally determined. After determining the microbial community, the base used its advanced large-scale fermentation equipment to carry out large-scale production of microbial agents. The fermentation process was carried out in a fully automated fermenter. Key parameters such as temperature, pH value, and dissolved oxygen were strictly regulated through a precise control system. The temperature was stably controlled within the optimal temperature range for microbial growth, the pH value was adjusted in real time according to the characteristics of different microorganisms, and the dissolved oxygen was accurately supplied through a special aeration device. After several days of fermentation and cultivation, a large number of beneficial microorganisms grew and reproduced, and microbial agents with an effective viable count far exceeding the standard requirements, not less than 1×10 8 CFU / g, were produced. These microbial agents were stored in a special cold storage and awaited use.

[0041] Before sowing, the base used a modern seed treatment workshop to treat tomato seeds and onion seeds. First, the technicians accurately prepared soaking solutions with different concentrations according to the characteristics of tomato and onion seeds and the activity of the microbial agents. The tomato seeds were soaked in a microbial agent solution with a specific concentration. During the soaking process, the solution was gently stirred continuously through an automated stirring device to ensure that each seed could evenly contact the microbial agent and fully adsorb beneficial microorganisms. After soaking for the set time, the seeds passed through an automated cleaning production line and were rinsed with clean water to remove the excess solution on the surface. Then they entered the drying workshop and were dried under suitable temperature and ventilation conditions. The onion seeds also underwent a similar treatment process, but the soaking concentration and time were precisely adjusted according to their own characteristics.

[0042] Before intercropping and relay cropping, large-scale fertilizer spreading machines are dispatched to evenly spread microbial agents on the surface of the planting soil at a standard of 5 kg per mu. These fertilizer spreading machines are equipped with high-precision metering devices, which can ensure that each piece of land is accurately applied with the specified amount of microbial agents. After the spreading is completed, a large-scale tiller immediately starts working. The blades of the tiller penetrate into the soil and till the soil to a depth of 20 cm. During the tilling process, the microbial agents are fully mixed with the soil and evenly dispersed into each layer of the soil. Such a depth can not only ensure sufficient contact between the microbial agents and the roots but also help improve the deep structure of the soil and promote the growth and development of the roots.

[0043] The base adopts the intercropping mode of tomatoes and onions for planting. Before planting, technical personnel precisely planned the row spacing and plant spacing according to the growth characteristics of tomatoes and onions through computer simulation and field measurement. During the planting process, large-scale seeders carry out seeding operations in an orderly manner in the field according to the set parameters, ensuring that the sowing depth and spacing of the seeds are consistent.

[0044] In the management stage after planting, the base makes full use of modern intelligent devices. The intelligent irrigation system is an important part of the entire management system. Soil moisture sensors distributed in the field continuously monitor the moisture content of the soil, and the data is transmitted to the central control system. Once the soil moisture is lower than the set threshold, the system will automatically start the irrigation equipment and precisely deliver water to the roots of each crop through drip irrigation pipes. This not only saves water but also ensures that each vegetable can receive sufficient water supply.

[0045] The management of light and temperature also relies on intelligent devices. A large number of light sensors and temperature sensors are installed in the greenhouse, and they feed back real-time data to the central control system. When the light intensity is too high, the sunshade net will automatically unfold to block part of the sunlight and prevent tomatoes and onions from being burned by strong light. When the light intensity is insufficient, the sunshade net will be retracted to ensure that the crops have enough light for photosynthesis. In terms of temperature, the ventilation equipment and the temperature control system work together. In summer when it is hot, the ventilation equipment increases the ventilation volume to lower the indoor temperature. In winter when it is cold, the temperature control system starts the heating equipment to maintain a suitable temperature environment.

[0046] In terms of nutrient supply, the base has developed a detailed fertilization plan according to the different growth stages of tomatoes and onions. Using the drip irrigation system, the precisely proportioned fertilizer solution is delivered to the roots of the crops together with the irrigation water. During the seedling stage of tomatoes, the supply of nitrogen fertilizer is emphasized to promote the growth of the plant's stems and leaves. During the flowering and fruiting stage, the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is increased to improve the quality and yield of the fruits. During the growth process of onions, the fertilizer formula is adjusted according to the different stages of bulb swelling to ensure precise nutrient supply.

[0047] As described above, it is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and there is no limitation to the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention by using the above-disclosed technical content. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any brief modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A diversified cultivation method for intercropping vegetables, characterized in that: The specific steps of this method are: S1. Screening and preparation steps of microbial preparations: Collect samples from soils of different ecological environments, screen out microbial strains that have the function of promoting vegetable root symbiosis through enrichment culture, separation and purification methods, identify and rescreen the target microbial flora, including but not limited to beneficial microorganisms of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium, mix the screened microbial strains in a specific ratio, expand the culture by liquid fermentation or solid fermentation, and prepare microbial preparations; S2, seed treatment step: for different vegetable varieties, soak the seeds to be sown in a solution containing a microbial preparation, the concentration of the solution is adjusted according to the characteristics of the vegetable seeds and the activity of the microbial preparation, and the soaking time is such that the microbial preparation is fully adsorbed on the surface of the seeds. After soaking, the seeds are taken out, rinsed with clean water, and dried for later use; S3. Soil treatment steps: Before intercropping, evenly spread the microbial preparation on the surface of the planting soil, and then plow the soil to fully mix the microbial preparation with the soil; S4. Intercropping model steps: Select vegetable varieties for intercropping based on the growth characteristics and symbiotic needs of different vegetables. During the planting process, maintain appropriate light, temperature, water and nutrient supply.

2. The diversified cultivation method of intercropping vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The effective viable bacteria count in the microbial preparation is not less than 1×10 8 CFU / g.

3. The diversified cultivation method of intercropping vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: When treating potato seed potatoes, the potato seed potatoes are immersed in a microbial preparation solution with a concentration of 3% (w / v) for 30 minutes.

4. The diversified cultivation method of intercropping vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the lettuce seeds are treated, the lettuce seeds are immersed in a 2% (w / v) microbial preparation solution for 4 hours.

5. The diversified cultivation method of intercropping vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the soil is treated before intercropping, the application amount of the microbial preparation is 5 kg / mu.

6. The diversified cultivation method of intercropping vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the soil is tilled to mix the microbial preparation with the soil, the tillage depth is 20 cm.

7. The diversified cultivation method of intercropping vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the intercropping mode of potato and lettuce is adopted, the row spacing between potato and lettuce is 50 cm, and the plant spacing is 30 cm.

8. The diversified cultivation method of intercropping vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: Compared with the traditional intercropping method, the yield of intercropping vegetables planted by the method is increased by 20%-30%, and the incidence of diseases and insect pests is reduced by 30%-50%.

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