Method for directionally breeding high-yield common buckwheat

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly provides a method for directionally breeding high-yield common buckwheat, which comprises the steps of equal stylus selfing fertile pure line cultivation, seed configuration and yield identification. The breeding process of the isostylus selfing fertile pure line comprises the following steps: by taking a cultivated species Jin buckwheat No.3 with excellent performance as a female parent and an isostylus selfing fertile common buckwheat Jin sweet self 16 as a male parent, breeding female parent seed setting seeds, performing isolated planting on F1-F3 generations as a group, screening F2-F3 aiming at flower types, retaining isostylus plants, and performing isostylus pure line breeding on F4-F6 generations according to a breeding target; the seed configuration method comprises the following steps: selecting a cultivated species common buckwheat No.2 with the flowering phase greater than or equal to the F6 generation and an F6-generation directional breeding generation for natural hybridization and matching, planting at equal row intervals according to the ratio of 2: 2, and respectively harvesting seed-bearing offspring seeds of the F6 and the cultivated species common buckwheat No.2; according to the method, high-yield common buckwheat seeds can be directionally cultivated, the yield of the common buckwheat is increased, the actual operability in production is high, large-scale seed production can be achieved, common buckwheat seed production is achieved, and large-area application and popularization in production are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a method for the directional breeding of high-yield tartary buckwheat varieties. Background Art

[0002] Buckwheat is recognized by consumers for its unique health care functions. Tartary buckwheat is one of the two cultivated species of buckwheat, containing rich plant proteins, carbohydrates, fats, as well as various vitamins and minerals. It also contains flavonoid compounds with strong antioxidant activity. Tartary buckwheat is a cross-pollinated crop. The styles and stamens of tartary buckwheat cultivated species are of different lengths, different flower types are on different plants, and cross-pollination between plant types is required for seed setting. Due to its unique flower type physiological characteristics, it is difficult to break through the breeding technology and the yield is low. At present, the breeding technology mainly focuses on selection breeding, supplemented by mutagenesis breeding and distant hybridization. The patent application with the patent authorization publication number CN101077061B and the invention name "A method for producing hybrid buckwheat" discloses a method for preparing hybrid buckwheat using common buckwheat inbred lines or pure lines as materials. This method uses buckwheat varieties of different inbred lines and inbred buckwheat varieties and pure buckwheat varieties for hybridization and cultivation to produce tartary buckwheat hybrid seeds. In this method, when hybridizing different inbred lines, one of the self-incompatible flower types needs to be removed. In the actual breeding process, due to the large-scale screening of the flower types of common buckwheat, it is impossible to achieve in terms of labor, time, and efficiency. Therefore, only a small amount of hybrid seeds can be produced and cannot be widely applied in seed production and cultivation. The Chinese invention patent with the patent number ZL201810115541.7 and the invention name "A method for breeding new tartary buckwheat lines and isostylous pure lines based on the isostylous fertile characteristics" is based on isostylous resources. The breeding process uses hybridization technology to create isostylous pure lines and select new lines, without directional breeding according to breeding objectives. The new lines cultivated belong to common cultivated species. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for the directional breeding of high-yield tartary buckwheat in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for the directional breeding of high-yield tartary buckwheat, the selection and breeding of the isostylous self-fertile pure line F 1 generation - F 3 generation selection and breeding, the selection and breeding method of the isostylous self-fertile pure line F 1 generation - F 3 generation is as follows: Using the cultivated species Jinqiao No. 3 as the female parent and the isostylous self-fertile tartary buckwheat resource Jintianzi 16 as the male parent, harvest the seeds F 1 on the female parent Jinqiao No. 3, isolate and plant the F 1 seeds, remove the plants with abnormal flowers at the early flowering stage, and retain the seeds set by the isostylous plants for harvest2 , F 3 Repeat F 2 The generation process obtains the seed F 3 , further comprising the following steps: Step 1: Self-fertile pure line F 4 -F 6 Directed breeding: F 4 Generation breeding, the seeds F 3 Single plants were planted in isolation, and the abnormal flowers were eliminated during the initial flowering period. The seeds were harvested according to the breeding objectives. 4 ; F 5 -F 6 Repeated F generation seed selection 4 In the process of generation selection, the equal-style self-fertile pure line seeds F 6 .

[0005] Step 2: Hybridization of isostyle self-fertile pure lines with cultivated varieties to produce seeds: Hybridize the isostyle self-fertile pure line seeds F 6 The cultivated variety Tianqiao No. 2 was planted alternately in rows, and natural hybridization was carried out to harvest the equal-style self-fertile pure line seeds F 6 And the cultivated variety sweet buckwheat 2 produces seeds of the next generation.

[0006] Preferably, the isostylate self-fertile pure line breeding process F 1 -F 3 The population was isolated and screened, F 4 -F 6 The strains were isolated and selected for each generation.

[0007] Preferably, the isostylate self-fertile pure line breeding process F 1 -F 3 The first generation is mainly screened for flower type, and plants with equal styles are retained; F 4 -F 6 The first generation of breeding is mainly based on the characteristics of the strains, and directional strain selection is carried out according to the breeding goals.

[0008] Preferably, the flowering period of the cultivated variety Tianqiao No. 2 is greater than or equal to that of the equal-style self-fertile pure line seed F 6 Flowering period.

[0009] Preferably, the breeding objectives are sweet buckwheat plant type, growth period, resistance, and yield.

[0010] Preferably, in step 2, the medium-style self-fertile pure line seed F 6 The cultivated variety sweet buckwheat No. 2 is planted in alternating rows at a ratio of 2:2 to ensure sufficient pollination and fruiting.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Compared with the existing sweet buckwheat breeding techniques and methods, the operation of the present invention is simple. The operation process only requires the removal and screening of flower types in the F 1 -F 3 generations of the self-fertile pure line with equal styles, and there is no need to remove and screen the flower types of the cultivated species, solving the problem of time-consuming and laborious flower type screening for the cultivated species in each generation; the present invention can achieve directional breeding of sweet buckwheat. The seeds inherit the genetic background of the self-fertile pure line with equal styles. According to the breeding objectives, the plant lines can be directionally selected for characteristics such as growth period, plant type, resistance, and yield. It can be achieved only by selecting the corresponding target traits for the self-fertile pure line with equal styles. Moreover, the pollination is sufficient during the seed production process and the seed setting rate is high, solving the problem that a large number of cultivated species cannot be selected during the traditional seed production process; compared with the traditional technology for producing hybrid buckwheat, the present invention has strong practical operability in production, can achieve large-scale seed production, realize the industrialization of sweet buckwheat seed production, and is widely applied in large areas in production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 shows the results of the yield comparison and identification test in 2023 in the embodiment Figure 2 Figure 2 shows the results of the yield comparison and identification test in 2024 in the embodiment DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, any modification or replacement of the methods, steps or conditions of the present invention belongs to the scope of the present invention.

[0014] Both Jinqiaomai No. 3 and Pintianqiao No. 2 used in the present invention are publicly available varieties. The self-fertile pure line with equal styles Jintianzi 16 is a sweet buckwheat resource selected from the Chinese invention patent with the patent number ZL201810115541.7 and the invention name "Method for Selecting New Sweet Buckwheat Lines and Pure Lines with Equal Styles Based on the Fertility Characteristics of Equal Styles". Example

[0015] The cultivation of the self-fertile pure line with equal styles and the hybridization test were carried out in Xiyang Village, Dongyang Town, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province (altitude 800 meters, average annual temperature about 9.7°C, annual rainfall 440 millimeters, frost-free period 158 days). The variety comparison test was carried out in Xiyang Village and the Maojiazao test base in Datong City, Shanxi Province (altitude 1043 meters, average annual temperature about 7.3°C, annual rainfall 380 millimeters, frost-free period 135 days).

[0016] 1. Cultivation of the self-fertile pure line with equal styles: (1) Using the cultivated species Jinqiaomai No. 3 as the female parent for hybridization and the self-fertile pure line with equal styles Jintianzi 16 as the male parent, harvest the hybrid F 1 seeds on Jinqiaomai No. 3.

[0017] (2) The harvested F seeds from isolated planting. Remove the plants with abnormal flowers at the early flowering stage and retain the plants with equal-style stigmas as F seeds. Repeat the plant selection procedure for the F generation, and harvest the seeds from individual plants. 1 seeds. Remove the plants with abnormal flowers at the early flowering stage and retain the plants with equal-style stigmas as F 2 seeds; Repeat the F 3 generation's plant selection procedure for the F 2 generation, and harvest the seeds from individual plants.

[0018] (3) Isolate and plant the F 4 generation with individual plants as units. Observe and record the growth period, plant type, resistance, yield, etc. of each plant line separately, and harvest. Repeat the F 5 -F 6 generation's selection procedure for the F 4 generation, and select the F 6 generation seeds with excellent comprehensive traits of yield and plant type.

[0019] 2. Seed production configuration: (1) Select the cultivated variety Tianqiao 2 with a growth period, flowering period, and plant height equivalent to those of the F 6 generation seeds, and plant them in alternating rows of 2:2 with the F 6 generation seeds. Let them cross naturally, isolate the planting, and keep a distance of more than 3000 meters from other sweet buckwheat to ensure no cross-pollination in the experiment.

[0020] (2) At maturity, separately harvest the seeds of the self-fertile pure line with equal-style stigmas F 6 and the offspring seeds set on the cultivated variety Tianqiao 2, namely F 7-1 and F 7-2 .

[0021] 3. Seed yield identification: In 2023 and 2024, conduct a yield comparison and identification experiment on F 7-1 and F 7-2 compared with the control parents F 6 , Tianqiao 2, and the Shanxi regional trial control Jinqiao 8 in the Datong experimental area and the Jinzhong experimental area.

[0022] The results of the yield comparison and identification experiment in 2023 are as follows: (1) Datong experimental area: The yield of F 7-1 increased by 54.1% and 41.3% respectively compared with the parent F 6 and Tianqiao 2, and increased by 37.9% compared with the Shanxi regional trial control Jinqiao 8; The yield of F 7-2 increased by 23.4% and 13.3% respectively compared with the parent F 6 and Tianqiao 2, and increased by 10.5% compared with the Shanxi regional trial control Jinqiao 8.

[0023] (2) Yuci experimental area: F7-1 The yields were 69.1% and 77.5% higher than those of the parental F 6 and Piantianqiao No. 2 respectively, and 56.7% higher than that of Jinqiaomai No. 8, the control variety in the Shanxi regional trial; the yield of F 7-2 was 44.3% and 51.5% higher than those of the parental F 6 and Piantianqiao No. 2 respectively, and 33.9% higher than that of Jinqiaomai No. 8, the control variety in the Shanxi regional trial.

[0024] The results of the variety comparison and identification test in 2024 are as follows: (1) Datong test area: The yield of F 7-1 was 14.0% and 22.2% higher than those of the parental F 6 and Piantianqiao No. 2 respectively, and 9.9% higher than that of Jinqiaomai No. 8, the control variety in the Shanxi regional trial; the yield of F 7-2 was 4.7% and 12.3% higher than those of the parental F 6 and Piantianqiao No. 2 respectively, and 0.9% higher than that of Jinqiaomai No. 8, the control variety in the Shanxi regional trial.

[0025] (2) Yuci test area: The yield of F 7-1 was 43.1% and 32.9% higher than those of the parental F 6 and Piantianqiao No. 2 respectively, and 22.2% higher than that of Jinqiaomai No. 8, the control variety in the Shanxi regional trial; the yield of F 7-2 was 28.4% and 19.3% higher than those of the parental F 6 and Piantianqiao No. 2 respectively, and 9.7% higher than that of Jinqiaomai No. 8, the control variety in the Shanxi regional trial.

[0026] The test results show that the yield of the seeds obtained by the method of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the parents and the local common buckwheat. This method has directionally selected high-yield sweet buckwheat, and can achieve large-scale seed production, realizing the industrialization of sweet buckwheat seed production, and can be widely applied in large areas in production.

Claims

1. A method for directional breeding of high-yield sweet buckwheat, comprising breeding of isostyle self-fertile pure lines F1-F3 generations, wherein the method for breeding isostyle self-fertile pure lines F1-F3 generations is as follows: using the cultivated variety Jin buckwheat No. 3 as the female parent, and the isostyle self-fertile sweet buckwheat resource Jintianzi 16 as the male parent, harvesting the strong seeds F1 on the female parent Jin buckwheat No. 3, isolating and planting the F1 seeds, pulling out the plants with heteromorphic flowers at the initial flowering stage, retaining the isostyle plants, harvesting the strong seeds F2, and repeating the F2 generation process in the F3 generation to obtain the seeds F3, characterized in that The following steps are also included: Step 1: Directed breeding of isostyle self-fertile pure lines F4-F6: In F4 generation breeding, the seeds F3 are planted in isolation, and the heteromorphic flowers are eliminated during the initial flowering period, and the seeds F4 are observed and recorded according to the breeding goals; F5-F6 generation seed breeding repeats the F4 generation breeding process to obtain isostyle self-fertile pure line seeds F6; Step 2: Hybridization of isostyle self-fertile pure line with cultivated varieties to produce seeds: Plant the isostyle self-fertile pure line seeds F6 and the cultivated variety Tianqiao No. 2 in equal rows, carry out natural hybridization, and harvest the seeds of the isostyle self-fertile pure line seeds F6 and the cultivated variety Tianqiao No. 2 respectively.

2. The method for directional breeding of high-yield sweet buckwheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the isostyle self-fertile pure line breeding process, F1-F3 generations are isolated and planted as a group for screening, and F4-F6 generations are isolated and selected for the lines respectively.

3. The method for directional breeding of high-yield sweet buckwheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the isostylous self-fertile pure line breeding process, the F1-F3 generations are mainly screened for flower type, and isostylous plants are retained; the F4-F6 generations are mainly selected for plant line characteristics, and directional plant line breeding is carried out according to breeding goals.

4. The method for directional breeding of high-yield sweet buckwheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flowering period of Pintianqiao No. 2 is greater than or equal to the flowering period of the F6 pure line seeds of equal style self-pollination.

5. The method for directional breeding of high-yield sweet buckwheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breeding objectives are sweet buckwheat plant type, growth period, resistance and yield.

6. The method for directional breeding of high-yield sweet buckwheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the medium-style self-fertile pure line seeds F6 and the cultivated variety Tianqiao No. 2 are planted alternately in rows at a ratio of 2:2.

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